EP1206329A1 - Verfahren zum umformen eines ausgangsprofils od.dgl. werkstückes mittels eines innenhochdruckes sowie profil dafür - Google Patents
Verfahren zum umformen eines ausgangsprofils od.dgl. werkstückes mittels eines innenhochdruckes sowie profil dafürInfo
- Publication number
- EP1206329A1 EP1206329A1 EP00943513A EP00943513A EP1206329A1 EP 1206329 A1 EP1206329 A1 EP 1206329A1 EP 00943513 A EP00943513 A EP 00943513A EP 00943513 A EP00943513 A EP 00943513A EP 1206329 A1 EP1206329 A1 EP 1206329A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- profile
- corner
- cross
- wall
- section
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 32
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 13
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035508 accumulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
- B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
- B21D26/033—Deforming tubular bodies
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for reshaping an initial profile or the like.
- Workpiece by means of an internal high pressure generated in the sealed profile space by a flowable active medium to form an end profile, in particular for forming until the end profile bears against the wall of a molding space.
- the invention captures a profile with profile space delimited by profile walls, in which two profile walls determine a corner region of the profile cross section, in particular an initial profile for carrying out this method.
- a hollow profile is expanded by internal pressure.
- the hollow profile can be pushed in and widened, compressed or expanded by means of at least one stamp acting on the workpiece.
- DE 35 32 499 Cl describes a device for the hydraulic expansion of a pipe section using a plug-like cylindrical probe which can be inserted into the pipe and which forms an annular space with the pipe section to be expanded by means of at least two spaced-apart sealing rings which is filled with pressure medium for expansion; the two sealing rings are each arranged in an annular receiving groove of U-shaped cross-section in the probe and, in the initial state, when the probe is inserted into the tube, have an outer diameter which at most corresponds to the outer diameter of the probe. Before the expansion process begins, they are pressurized radially with pressure medium to seal the annular gap between the probe and the tube, which is supplied to the receiving grooves through a connecting line connected to the pressure medium supply.
- the pressure medium is supplied to the annular space exclusively via at least one of the receiving grooves and is controlled by a sealing ring serving as a valve body, which closes an opening located between the receiving groove and the annular space until it has achieved its sealing effect by elastic expansion.
- That receiving groove is provided in its edge adjacent to the annular space with at least one oblique incision. If the pressure in the annular space between the two seals is increased, the pipe wall in this area begins to widen.
- This hydroforming or hydroforming is becoming more and more popular as an economical manufacturing process for car body components.
- Steel pipes are mainly used as the starting material.
- the final contour of the components to be molded is generally many times more complex than the simple circular cross-section of the starting material.
- these processes result in component areas that are deformed much more strongly in the hydroforming process than other areas, and the latter accordingly become thinner. If these areas are heavily loaded under operating conditions, the thickness of the starting sheet must have been dimensioned sufficiently high, but this leads to unnecessarily large material accumulations in the less strongly deformed areas. This disadvantage contradicts the requirement for the lowest possible component weight.
- wall sections adjoining the corner area are pre-shaped to be curved in cross-section against the pressure direction and subsequently reshaped in the pressure direction by the high internal pressure of the flowable active medium, the corner area being displaced; if there are at least two corner areas, the wall sections running between the corner areas are pre-shaped accordingly against the pressure direction and - also by the internal high pressure generated by that active medium while displacing the corner areas in the pressure direction - are reshaped.
- the local degree of deformation can be produced on the initial profile as an oversize in relation to the end contour of the end profile by a bead-like - inward curvature of the profile cross section. It is also possible to introduce the local degree of deformation on the initial profile as an undersize in relation to the final contour of the final profile.
- the requirements for precise lightweight construction are therefore advantageously met, ie the starting profile is designed in such a way that at the end of the IHU process the workpiece has accumulations of material predominantly at those points where these are required for reasons of strength.
- the profile wall controls the local degrees of deformation by means of cross-sectional curvatures and profile sections with a local undersize and in this connection the internal stress in the longitudinal direction;
- the inward cross-sectional curvature is important here; In particular with regard to cross-sections, the profile walls of which are curved in the final contour, it should be emphasized that it is the relative curvature and not the absolute curvature that matters. Because this ultimately determines whether the contour of the initial profile has an oversize or an undersize in relation to the end contour in the corresponding section, by means of which the behavior in the described forming process is controlled.
- a local excess can be achieved by beading or other cross-sectional curvatures; in contrast to an oversize that is curved on the outside of the profile, the insertion of the workpiece into the tool and the closing of the tool are not impeded by a bead; Because of this excess, the material in the hydroforming process is locally compressed in the circumferential direction of the profile.
- the constant plastic volume of aluminum material induces pressure residual stresses in the longitudinal direction of the profile, which after removal of the workpiece from the tool result in a corresponding springback in the longitudinal direction.
- Profile sections with local undersize are used to stretch the material in the circumferential direction of the profile at the appropriate point in the IHU process. Thanks to the known plastic volume constancy of the aluminum, residual tensile stresses are induced in the longitudinal direction of the profile, which, after the workpiece has been removed from the tool, result in a corresponding springback in the longitudinal direction.
- a suitable distribution of stakeout and upsetting zones leads to a minimization of the resulting total springback, so that dimensionally accurate workpieces are achieved after the IHU process.
- a hollow profile with profile space delimited by profile walls in which two profile walls each define a corner region of the profile cross section and in which at least one of the profile walls adjoining the corner region has a cross-sectionally curved region.
- a polygonal cross section is preferred - in particular a triangular cross section - whose profile walls between the corner areas each have the inwardly curved area; but it is also possible, for example, to provide only a single profile wall with the curved area.
- the curved area of the profile wall should advantageously adjoin both corner areas at both ends.
- the cross-sectional shape of that curved region can be designed in the form of a partial circle or in the form of an ellipse, in the form of a parabola, in a hyperbelief manner or as a differently shaped contour.
- Such a curved area with a part-circular curvature contour has proven to be advantageous, the arc length of which is determined by the distance between two legs delimiting the adjoining corner areas.
- the distance dimension results from the side length of the profile wall minus the leg lengths of the adjoining corner areas - which can also be different depending on the profile cross-sectional shape and wall thickness distribution - as well as a distance that results from the projected gap distance between the outer contour of the initial profile and the contour of this receiving mold space.
- the leg length of the legs of the corner region of the starting profile advantageously corresponds to three to four times the average wall thickness of the sections of the profile walls adjoining the corner region; the leg length depends on the wall thickness of the profile wall and the corner angle of the. this formed corner area.
- the center dimension between the part-circular curvature contour and a straight line connecting the legs may correspond approximately to the wall thickness of the profile wall.
- Fig. 3 the profile of Figure 2 after deforming.
- Fig. 5 the profile of Fig. 4 after deforming
- FIG. 7 a detailed sketch of FIG. 6;
- FIG. 13 the starting profile of FIG. 12 in cross section within the molding tool
- a molding space 14 with a wall 15 in the form of an equilateral triangle - with corner angles w of 120 ° - and a side length a is provided in this and a desired ideal Hollow profile 18 x indicated by the inner contour 20 of its three profile walls 22; whose outer contours 24 run iw on that wall contour 15.
- an initial profile - denoted 16 in the example in FIG. 2 - with a narrower cross section is introduced into the molding space 14.
- the outer contour 24 of this initial profile 16 according to the prior art in Fig. 2 corresponds to an equilateral triangle and is at an approximately constant gap distance t to the wall or wall contour 15.
- the initial profile 16 by so-called hydroforming (IHU), in which a flowing pressure medium in the interior 26 of the starting profile 16 - in the direction of the arrow x according to FIG. 3 - generates a high pressure, expands it and leads it to that wall contour 15.
- a hollow profile 18 of larger cross-section was created, the profile walls 22 a of which, according to FIG.
- an initial profile 16 n according to FIG. 4 with profile walls 22 n pressed, which in a central section 30 of length e (highlighted by hatching in FIGS. 6, 7) have a cross-section that swings inward like a circle; the radius r of the curvature contour K of the outer surface 32 of the curvature section 30, which is extended beyond the profile wall 22 n in FIG. 6 for reasons of clarity, corresponds approximately to that length e.
- Linear wall sections 34 of length f run away from the profile corner edges 19 on both sides as legs of the corner angle w of 120 ° or of the corner area 28 n determined by this and thickened with respect to the wall thickness b.
- the distance between the corner regions 23 r delimited by the legs 34 defines the arc length of the curvature contour K or the above-mentioned length e and here measures approximately three times the leg length f.
- the apex dimension h of the part-circular outer contour or outer surface 32 of the profile wall 22 n running therebetween corresponds approximately to the wall thickness b or is slightly larger.
- the internal high pressure pushes the described corner regions 28 n with corner angles w into the respectively adjacent corners of the molding space 14, so that those angular spaces 29 are avoided in the example in FIG. 3.
- the corners are moved in the direction determined by the corner center line N.
- essential for the design of the curvature contour K is its developed length or the radian y (Fig. 7).
- the developed length y decides whether the section of the profile wall 22 n of interest has an undersize or an excess compared to the developed side length a of the end contour. If, for example, the section of interest is to be designed with an oversize u (in the case of an undersize, u is negative), the radian must be designed with an oversize u (in the case of an undersize, u is negative).
- ⁇ _ is a corner distance that results from the associated corner angle w and that local gap distance t via the relationship
- the value of the Scheltel measurement h can be determined with the aid of a numerical iteration method.
- the arc length y of a drawn contour is known in practice, and this can easily be adapted to give the desired dimension.
- curvature contour K need not necessarily be formed as a segment of a circle; ellipses, parabolas, hyperbolas, splines or other contours can also be used.
- a sketched in Fig. 8, 9 - in the longitudinal extension slightly curved - profile frame 40 of the example length n of about 2000 mm with lateral web 41 is welded to the end edges 42 and in the central region 43 with other - not shown - components.
- a tolerance of about ⁇ 0.5 mm is required for the bending line.
- the profile frame 40 is also made from an extruded aluminum profile, which is first bent and then receives its final contour in an hydroforming process.
- the contour 15 of the molding space 14 a of the hydroforming tool 10 a corresponds to the desired outer contour of the finished profile frame 40 according to FIG. 10.
- the bending process is designed in such a way that the small cross-section of the profile frame 40 results in the change in cross-section resulting from the bending process can be neglected.
- the cross-sectional shape of the starting profile 38 has been based as close as possible to the end contour; the upper profile walls 45, 46 are curved outwards, the lower profile wall 44 is straight and is extended on one side by the side web 41 mentioned.
- the workpiece is introduced into the multi-part hydroforming tool 10 a .
- the three profile flanks or walls 44, 45, 46 first lay against the wall contour 15.
- the corners with smaller radii are initially not formed.
- the corner areas 48 are finally formed. Due to the friction between tool 10 a and workpiece 16, the tensile deformations in the profile circumferential direction, which are necessary for the shaping of the corners, are limited to the profile corners 48 themselves and the immediately adjacent areas. Due to the constant plastic volume of aluminum, these deformations lead to residual tensile stresses in the longitudinal direction at the corner points 48.
- the resulting moment with respect to the main bending axis A does not disappear, since there is an excess weight of the residual tensile stresses on the right side. For this reason, when the workpiece 38 is removed from the tool 10a , there is a corresponding elastic springback, so that the profile frame 40 has a smaller curvature than that which is predetermined by the wall contour 15 after the IHU process. The required tolerance cannot therefore be met.
- the described springback effects can be counteracted by designing the initial profile 38 n according to FIG. 12. In order to achieve this, the moment induced by residual stress with respect to the main bending axis A must be reduced or eliminated, i.e.
- the arc length of the upper profile wall 46 n remote from the web has an oversize in relation to the end contour, so that a compression in the circumferential direction takes place at this point in the hydroforming process, by means of which the desired residual compressive stresses are induced in the longitudinal direction; the excess is curved towards the inside to prevent deformation when the tool 10 a is closed .
- the upper profile wall 45 n close to the web has an undersize in relation to the end contour, so that in the hydroforming process, material is stretched in the circumferential direction at this point, by means of which the desired tensile residual stresses are induced in the longitudinal direction.
- the base or base wall 44 n is arched in cross-section from the corner regions 48 in order, as in FIG. 6 - corner formation in the case of a triangular profile - the formation of the
- the profile walls 44 n , 45 n , 46 n do not come into contact until after corresponding plastic deformations, the desired residual stresses being induced in the longitudinal direction to prevent the springback.
- the resulting end profile 50 n is only indicated with a partial contour in FIG. 10.
- the profile 52 of FIG. 14 is intended to indicate that - as already mentioned - the procedure described is not limited to triangular cross sections.
- the z eihuntprofll 52 has on the left of a central wall 54 a chamber 56 with between a floor strip 57 and the central wall 54 - curved side wall 59 and a right chamber 60 with a rare ridge 61 extending from a - parallel to the floor strip 57 - ridge strip 61 62, which also consists of two cross sections 62 a , 62 b inclined at an angle to one another.
- This two-chamber profile 52 offers four right-angled corner areas 58.
- the curved areas ⁇ es of the initial profile present in the profile walls 54, 57, 59, 61, 62 are not illustrated in the drawing.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
- Bending Of Plates, Rods, And Pipes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19936501 | 1999-08-05 | ||
| DE19936501 | 1999-08-05 | ||
| DE19946011A DE19946011A1 (de) | 1999-08-05 | 1999-09-25 | Verfahren zum Umformen eines Ausgangsprofils od. dgl. Werkstücks mittels eines Innenhochdruckes sowie Profil dafür |
| DE19946011 | 1999-09-25 | ||
| PCT/CH2000/000401 WO2001010580A1 (de) | 1999-08-05 | 2000-07-21 | Verfahren zum umformen eines ausgangsprofils od.dgl. werkstückes mittels eines innenhochdruckes sowie profil dafür |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1206329A1 true EP1206329A1 (de) | 2002-05-22 |
| EP1206329B1 EP1206329B1 (de) | 2006-02-15 |
Family
ID=26054473
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP00943513A Expired - Lifetime EP1206329B1 (de) | 1999-08-05 | 2000-07-21 | Verfahren zum umformen eines ausgangsprofils od.dgl. werkstückes mittels eines innenhochdruckes |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1206329B1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE50012231D1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2001010580A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4214557A1 (de) * | 1992-04-28 | 1993-11-04 | Mannesmann Ag | Verfahren zum hydraulischen aufweiten von geschlossenen hohlprofilen |
| US5339667A (en) * | 1993-04-19 | 1994-08-23 | General Motors Corporation | Method for pinch free tube forming |
-
2000
- 2000-07-21 WO PCT/CH2000/000401 patent/WO2001010580A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2000-07-21 DE DE50012231T patent/DE50012231D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-07-21 EP EP00943513A patent/EP1206329B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO0110580A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE50012231D1 (de) | 2006-04-20 |
| EP1206329B1 (de) | 2006-02-15 |
| WO2001010580A1 (de) | 2001-02-15 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| DE69811093T2 (de) | Innenhochdruckformung eines rohrförmigen rohlings mit ovalem querschnitt, sowie innenhochdruckumformvorrichtung | |
| DE69802712T2 (de) | Ein durch innenhochdruck umgeformten bauteil, sowie verfahren und vorrichtung zur dessen herstellung | |
| EP2512702B1 (de) | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung eines halbschalenteils | |
| DE60016241T2 (de) | Verstärkter durch innenhochdruck geformter gegenstand und verfahren zur herstellung | |
| DE19946010B4 (de) | Verfahren zum Umformen eines Ausgangsprofils od. dgl. Werkstückes mittels eines Innenhochdruckes sowie Profil und dessen Verwendung | |
| DE102018124702A1 (de) | Dachreling für ein Kraftfahrzeug | |
| DE4214557C2 (de) | ||
| EP0494843B1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines doppelwandigen Leitungsstücks . | |
| EP1233837B1 (de) | Verfahren zum umformen eines ausgangsprofils od.dgl. werkstückes | |
| DE19905365A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Hohlprofiles mit Flansch | |
| DE102013106422B3 (de) | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Abrollkolbens für eine Luftfeder für Kraftfahrzeuge sowie derartiger Abrollkolben | |
| DE102018131967B4 (de) | Verfahren zum Kalibrieren eines gekrümmten metallischen Hohlkammerprofils | |
| DE10141503C1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines länglichen Hohlkörpers | |
| DE10016025B4 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Hohlkörpern | |
| WO2019068345A1 (de) | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von geformten blechbauteilen mittels vorgeformten bauteilen | |
| DE2634515A1 (de) | Verfahren zum herstellen von z.b. ungeteilten felgen | |
| EP1206329B1 (de) | Verfahren zum umformen eines ausgangsprofils od.dgl. werkstückes mittels eines innenhochdruckes | |
| DE202015102642U1 (de) | Extrudiertes Aluminiumrohr mit einem flachen Eckradius | |
| DE19751408A1 (de) | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines Integralgehäuses für Hydrolenkung | |
| DE19851326C1 (de) | Hohlprofil od. dgl. Werkstück zum Umformen durch Innenhochdruck, Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Profils aus Leichtmetall und Vorrichtung dafür | |
| EP1483069A1 (de) | Verfahren zum umformen eines gebogenen ein- oder mehrkammerhohlprofils mittels innenhochdruck | |
| DE19504736C2 (de) | U-O-Formbiegeverfahren und -vorrichtung zum Herstellen längsnahtgeschweißter Großrohre | |
| DE102011001279A1 (de) | Metallisches balgartiges Dichtungselement und Verfahren zum Herstellen des Dichtelementes | |
| DE19955506B4 (de) | Verfahren zum Umformen eines Ausgangsprofils od.dgl. Werkstückes sowie Profil dafür | |
| DE10357119A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung eine Hohlprofils |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20020305 |
|
| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20031010 |
|
| RTI1 | Title (correction) |
Free format text: METHOD FOR SHAPING AN INITIAL PROFILE OR A SIMILAR WORKPIECE USING AN INTERNAL HIGH PRESSURE |
|
| GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
| GRAS | Grant fee paid |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3 |
|
| RBV | Designated contracting states (corrected) |
Designated state(s): DE |
|
| GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): DE |
|
| REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 50012231 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 20060420 Kind code of ref document: P |
|
| PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
| 26N | No opposition filed |
Effective date: 20061116 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20070201 |