EP1206161A1 - Mikrofonanordung mit selbstanpassender Richtcharakteristik für Telefonhandapparate und Freisprechanlagen - Google Patents

Mikrofonanordung mit selbstanpassender Richtcharakteristik für Telefonhandapparate und Freisprechanlagen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1206161A1
EP1206161A1 EP00124648A EP00124648A EP1206161A1 EP 1206161 A1 EP1206161 A1 EP 1206161A1 EP 00124648 A EP00124648 A EP 00124648A EP 00124648 A EP00124648 A EP 00124648A EP 1206161 A1 EP1206161 A1 EP 1206161A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
microphones
array
signals
communication device
transducer arrangement
Prior art date
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Withdrawn
Application number
EP00124648A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Thomas Sony International Lechner (Europe) GmbH
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sony Deutschland GmbH
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Sony International Europe GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sony International Europe GmbH filed Critical Sony International Europe GmbH
Priority to EP00124648A priority Critical patent/EP1206161A1/de
Publication of EP1206161A1 publication Critical patent/EP1206161A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R3/00—Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R3/005—Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones for combining the signals of two or more microphones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/32—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
    • H04R1/40—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by combining a number of identical transducers
    • H04R1/406—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by combining a number of identical transducers microphones

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of communication devices, such as telephones for a wired or wireless communication system.
  • the present invention relates to a transducer arrangement for such a communication device, with an array of microphones e.g. for use in a car or an office or the like.
  • Microphones in nowadays telephones or hands free kits are typically of omnidirectional, unidirectional or bi-directional kind.
  • the direction of the maximum sensitivity is defined by the overall construction of the microphone.
  • the quality of the voice signal in this case is strongly dependent on the way the microphone is set in relation to a sound source.
  • a microphone with a fixed directivity optimised for the person sitting on the driver's seat, will show a very reduced sensitivity for the other passengers in the car.
  • Using a microphone with an omnidirectional characteristic in every direction is disadvantageous, since it also receives parasitic ambient noise, what results in a reduced speech quality.
  • US 4,521,908 proposes the use of a phased array of microphones instead of a single microphone.
  • the array of microphones is set as a directional array, that means that the array is pre-set to a direction from which acoustic signals are expected.
  • a transducer arrangement for a communication device comprising an array of microphones for receiving acoustic signals from a sound source and transducing received acoustic signals in electrical signals, and a processing means for combining signals obtained from the microphones of the array on the basis of differences in the signals related to the position of a sound source so that the directivity of the array of microphones is aligned towards the sound source.
  • a microphone array with a self-adjusting directivity is, that the signal quality for a sound source anywhere within the reception area of the microphone array is optimised like for a conventional directional microphone, but additionally the sound source is free to move within the reception area, and for alternating sound sources no cutbacks in the signal quality have to be accepted.
  • the self-adjusting directivity advantageously guarantees that ambient noise will be suppressed independent of the position of the sound source. Therefore, while the driver of a car does not have to care on how to speak into the microphone for being heard clearly, he will be less distracted from the traffic situation. Also in conference situations with several people talking alternately to just one telephone device, the speech transmission quality will be improved greatly by the microphone arrangement automatically adjusting its directivity towards the currently talking person.
  • the processing means comprises a detecting means for detecting the differences in the delays of the signals from said array of microphones.
  • the detecting means advantageously further also detects differences in the amplitudes of the signals.
  • the detecting means further detects the differences in the delays and/or the amplitudes of the signals on the basis of cross-correlation.
  • the processing means comprises an adjusting means for adjusting the differences in the delays of the signals from said array of microphones so that an optimised combined signal is obtained.
  • the adjusting means advantageously further adjusts for the differences in the signal amplitudes.
  • the directivity of said array of microphones is realigned continuously during the reception of acoustic signals. This means that the directivity of the array of microphones will be automatically aligned to any sound source within its reach, even when the source of the sound moves rapidly and/or alternates.
  • microphones with an omnidirectional characteristic are used in the array to allow a reception of acoustic signals from all directions.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the present invention uses an array of three microphones in a triangular arrangement placed e.g. on a sound reflecting surface like a table or the windscreen of a car, so that the directivity of the transducer arrangement can be steered in all spatial directions of the half space in front of this sound reflecting surface.
  • four microphones in a tetrahedral array are used to achieve a good spatial resolution of the directional characteristic in all directions in space.
  • the data obtained by the detecting means are used to adjust the directivity of a loudspeaker array towards the origin of the sound source to improve the acoustic irradiation of a talking person.
  • the transducer arrangement according to the present invention can e.g. be implemented in a communication device such as a mobile cellular radiophone for an improved speech quality independent of the way a user holds his phone, or as a part of a hands free kit for use in an automobile so that neither the driver nor the passengers of a car have to care for the direction in which to speak.
  • a communication device such as a mobile cellular radiophone for an improved speech quality independent of the way a user holds his phone, or as a part of a hands free kit for use in an automobile so that neither the driver nor the passengers of a car have to care for the direction in which to speak.
  • Another implementation of the transducer arrangement according to the present invention is in a wired telephone for hands free situations and in conference telephones as an adaptive directional transducer.
  • Fig. 1 shows the block diagram of a microphone arrangement, which comprises an array of microphones 10 and a processing means 13 for controlling the directional characteristic of the array. It is to be understood that in Fig. 1 only elements important for the understanding of the present invention are shown.
  • the array of spaced apart microphones 10 transduces the acoustic signal of a sound source in a plurality of individual electrical signals, which differ from each other according to their position relative to the source of the sound 12.
  • the individual microphones may be located at predefined favoured positions within a part of the communication device.
  • the microphones may be placed individually at strategic locations like e.g. the windscreen and/or one of the other window panes of the car. But also the rear view mirror, the dashboard or the trim panels are suited places.
  • the seats, the roof, or other parts of the interior equipment may be used as a mounting support for the microphones.
  • the signals 11 from the individual microphones 10 of the array are processed to a combined signal such, that the direction of the maximum sensitivity of the array is directed towards the main sound source 12.
  • This processing means can be integrated in a communication device or can be realised externally, like e.g. within a hands free kit or as a part of an audio system of a car being connected to the communication device.
  • the further processing and transmission of the directionally optimised combined signal is done by the communication device employing the conventional methods for modulation and transmission of an audio signal.
  • the differences in the delays of the signals from the microphones are detected in the detecting means 14 of the processing means 13.
  • the differences in the signal amplitudes are detected additionally.
  • the cross-correlation method can be used for detecting the respective characteristic differences.
  • the individual signals are adjusted in the adjusting means 15 with respect to the detected characteristic signal differences such, that when the adjusted signals are combined to one, the part of the signal originating from the direction of the main sound source is emphasised, and the other parts of the signal originating from positions off that direction are attenuated.
  • the microphone array is set-up of three omnidirectional microphones 10 placed at different points of an arbitrarily shaped boundary surface 20 thereby forming the corners of a triangle.
  • the distance between two adjacent microphones of the array thereby is preferably smaller than a half of the shortest wavelength processed. Any sound signal 11 produced within the volume given by the reach of each of the microphones will be captured.
  • the boundary surface comprising a sound reflecting characteristic, the microphone array will cover the half space in front of the boundary surface.
  • the distances (d1, d2, d3 in Fig.2) between each of the microphones of the array and the sound source vary with the position of the sound source. Associated with said distances are time delays between the generation and the reception of a sound signal. With the microphones being spaced apart, differences in the distance to the sound source 12 for each of the microphones 10 become a function of the orientation of the sound source 12 relative to the microphone array. The differences in distance result in different travelling times of the sound wave from its source to each of the microphones, thereby causing relative time delays between equal signals at different microphones. These time delays can be treated as phase shifts between the signals, with the values of phase shifts being an indicator for the relative position of the sound source.
  • the differences in the delays as well as in the amplitudes of the signals as they are obtained from the different microphones can be determined.
  • the relative signal phase shifts corresponding to the individual signal delays and the characteristic differences in the signal amplitudes are hereby calculated by cross-correlating the signals, showing maxima at the respective characteristic features.
  • the gain factor for the amplification of the individual signals is adjusted to compensate for the different signal intensities at the individual microphones due to a varying angular sensitivity of the single transducers and their different distance to the sound source as well as to achieve a desired directivity of the microphone array.
  • This is followed by adding a time delay to each of the signals such, that the resulting phase shifts between the individual signals become zero in respect to the desired signal.
  • the final additive superposition of the individual signals which were modified in gain and phase shift as described above, constricts the angular sensitivity 40 of the microphone array compared to that of the individual microphones and increases the overall gain, thus generating a main lobe which is steered towards the direction of the main sound source, like illustrated in Fig. 4.
  • the time necessary for processing the signals in the above described manner is short compared to the reaction time of a human hearing.
  • the autotracking of the arrays directivity towards the main sound source therefore appears to be done instantly.
  • a constant control and processing of the received signals thereby ensures an optimal signal quality even under the condition of moving sound sources and/or sources of alternating position in environments with high ambient noise.
  • the best results are obtained in the semi-space in front of the microphone array.
  • the sound source being located in an arbitrary direction of the full space around the microphone array, at least four microphones have to be placed in a non planar arrangement.
  • Putting at least four microphones at the comers of a spatial geometrical body with the length of the body's edges smaller than a half of the shortest processable wavelength will result in an excellent signal quality for sound sources located at arbitrary positions and emitting in different directions.
  • the area of reception thereby is not restricted to the space formed by the geometrical arrangement of the microphones but by the direction in which a sound source emits. Consequently, the arrangement of the microphones is to be set that within the desired reception volume a sound being emitted from any source in any valid direction has to be received by at least one of the individual microphones. With the number of microphones used in an array, the signal processing time will also increase. With the array shown in Fig.
  • the parameters used to adjust the directivity of the microphone array towards the sound source are further used for directing the radiating direction of a loudspeaker array towards the origin of that sound source.
  • the array of loudspeaker does not necessary have to be arranged near or close to the microphone array.
  • the directivity parameters as determined by the detecting means 14 in relation to the position of the microphone array are thereby converted in the directivity parameters for the loudspeaker array by the processing means 13. This way, the conversating partners can hear each other quite clearly.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Circuit For Audible Band Transducer (AREA)
  • Obtaining Desirable Characteristics In Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)
EP00124648A 2000-11-10 2000-11-10 Mikrofonanordung mit selbstanpassender Richtcharakteristik für Telefonhandapparate und Freisprechanlagen Withdrawn EP1206161A1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP00124648A EP1206161A1 (de) 2000-11-10 2000-11-10 Mikrofonanordung mit selbstanpassender Richtcharakteristik für Telefonhandapparate und Freisprechanlagen

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP00124648A EP1206161A1 (de) 2000-11-10 2000-11-10 Mikrofonanordung mit selbstanpassender Richtcharakteristik für Telefonhandapparate und Freisprechanlagen

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1206161A1 true EP1206161A1 (de) 2002-05-15

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EP00124648A Withdrawn EP1206161A1 (de) 2000-11-10 2000-11-10 Mikrofonanordung mit selbstanpassender Richtcharakteristik für Telefonhandapparate und Freisprechanlagen

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EP (1) EP1206161A1 (de)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2397463A (en) * 2003-01-08 2004-07-21 Vtech Telecomm Ltd A speakerphone system having a plurality of wireless microphones
WO2004107805A1 (en) * 2003-05-30 2004-12-09 Flux Research Pty Limited Sound capture apparatus
EP1489596A1 (de) * 2003-06-17 2004-12-22 Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications AB Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Sprachaktivitätsdetektion
WO2006046085A1 (en) * 2004-10-25 2006-05-04 Nokia Corporation Hands-free unit for a vehicle with an adjustable microphone
WO2008101198A2 (en) * 2007-02-16 2008-08-21 Gentex Corporation Triangular microphone assembly for use in a vehicle accessory
EP2355559A1 (de) * 2010-02-05 2011-08-10 QNX Software Systems Co. System mit verbessertem Raumklang sowie mit Satellitenvorrichtung
US20120114130A1 (en) * 2010-11-09 2012-05-10 Microsoft Corporation Cognitive load reduction
DE102014013919A1 (de) * 2014-09-18 2016-03-24 Audi Ag Mikrofonsystem für einen Kraftwagen, Kraftwagen mit einem Mikrofonsystem und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Mikrofonsystems eines Kraftwagens
CN106686185A (zh) * 2014-06-30 2017-05-17 歌尔科技有限公司 提高免提通话设备通话质量的方法、装置和免提通话设备
US9763004B2 (en) 2013-09-17 2017-09-12 Alcatel Lucent Systems and methods for audio conferencing
DE102016013042A1 (de) * 2016-11-02 2018-05-03 Audi Ag Mikrofonsystem für ein Kraftfahrzeug mit dynamischer Richtcharakteristik
DE102017215219A1 (de) * 2017-08-31 2019-02-28 Audi Ag Mikrofonsystem für ein Kraftfahrzeug mit Richtcharakteristik und Signalverbesserung
US12003946B2 (en) 2019-07-30 2024-06-04 Dolby Laboratories Licensing Corporation Adaptable spatial audio playback

Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH01109996A (ja) * 1987-10-23 1989-04-26 Sony Corp マイクロホン装置
JPH0286397A (ja) * 1988-09-22 1990-03-27 Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> マイクロホンアレー
WO1998046043A2 (de) * 1997-04-10 1998-10-15 Interkom Electronic Kock & Mreches Gmbh Schallaufnahmeeinrichtung, insbesondere für eine sprechstelle
DE19818611C1 (de) * 1998-04-20 1999-09-16 Deutsche Telekom Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Frequenzbereichsentzerrung für Mikrofon-Arrays

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH01109996A (ja) * 1987-10-23 1989-04-26 Sony Corp マイクロホン装置
JPH0286397A (ja) * 1988-09-22 1990-03-27 Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> マイクロホンアレー
WO1998046043A2 (de) * 1997-04-10 1998-10-15 Interkom Electronic Kock & Mreches Gmbh Schallaufnahmeeinrichtung, insbesondere für eine sprechstelle
DE19818611C1 (de) * 1998-04-20 1999-09-16 Deutsche Telekom Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Frequenzbereichsentzerrung für Mikrofon-Arrays

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ELKO G W ET AL: "A STEERABLE AND VARIABLE FIRST-ORDER DIFFERENTIAL MICROPHONE ARRAY", PLENARY, EXPERT SUMMARIES, SPECIAL, AUDIO, UNDERWATER ACOUSTICS, VLSI.MUNICH, APR. 21 - 24, 1997,LOS ALIMITOS,CA: IEEE COMP. SOC. PRESS,US, 21 April 1997 (1997-04-21), pages 223 - 226, XP000789158, ISBN: 0-8186-7920-4 *
OMOLOGO M SVAIZER P: "ACOUSTIC EVENT LOCALIZATION USING A CROSSPOWER-SPECTRUM PHASE BASEDTECHNIQUE", PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, ANDSIGNAL PROCESSING. (ICASSP),US,NEW YORK, IEEE, vol. CONF. 19, 19 April 1994 (1994-04-19), pages II - 273-II-276, XP000528478, ISBN: 0-7803-1776-9 *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 013, no. 350 (E - 800) 7 August 1989 (1989-08-07) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 014, no. 273 (E - 0940) 13 June 1990 (1990-06-13) *

Cited By (30)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2397463A (en) * 2003-01-08 2004-07-21 Vtech Telecomm Ltd A speakerphone system having a plurality of wireless microphones
US6987992B2 (en) 2003-01-08 2006-01-17 Vtech Telecommunications, Limited Multiple wireless microphone speakerphone system and method
WO2004107805A1 (en) * 2003-05-30 2004-12-09 Flux Research Pty Limited Sound capture apparatus
EP1489596A1 (de) * 2003-06-17 2004-12-22 Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications AB Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Sprachaktivitätsdetektion
WO2004111995A1 (en) * 2003-06-17 2004-12-23 Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications Ab Device and method for voice activity detection
US7966178B2 (en) 2003-06-17 2011-06-21 Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications Ab Device and method for voice activity detection based on the direction from which sound signals emanate
WO2006046085A1 (en) * 2004-10-25 2006-05-04 Nokia Corporation Hands-free unit for a vehicle with an adjustable microphone
WO2008101198A2 (en) * 2007-02-16 2008-08-21 Gentex Corporation Triangular microphone assembly for use in a vehicle accessory
WO2008101198A3 (en) * 2007-02-16 2008-12-18 Gentex Corp Triangular microphone assembly for use in a vehicle accessory
US20150098573A1 (en) * 2010-02-05 2015-04-09 2236008 Ontario Inc. Enhanced spatialization system with satellite device
US20110194700A1 (en) * 2010-02-05 2011-08-11 Hetherington Phillip A Enhanced spatialization system
US8913757B2 (en) 2010-02-05 2014-12-16 Qnx Software Systems Limited Enhanced spatialization system with satellite device
EP2355559A1 (de) * 2010-02-05 2011-08-10 QNX Software Systems Co. System mit verbessertem Raumklang sowie mit Satellitenvorrichtung
US9036843B2 (en) 2010-02-05 2015-05-19 2236008 Ontario, Inc. Enhanced spatialization system
US9843880B2 (en) 2010-02-05 2017-12-12 2236008 Ontario Inc. Enhanced spatialization system with satellite device
US20110194704A1 (en) * 2010-02-05 2011-08-11 Hetherington Phillip A Enhanced spatialization system with satellite device
US9736611B2 (en) 2010-02-05 2017-08-15 2236008 Ontario Inc. Enhanced spatialization system
US20120114130A1 (en) * 2010-11-09 2012-05-10 Microsoft Corporation Cognitive load reduction
US9763004B2 (en) 2013-09-17 2017-09-12 Alcatel Lucent Systems and methods for audio conferencing
EP3089431A4 (de) * 2014-06-30 2017-11-22 Qingdao Goertek Technology Co., Ltd. Verfahren und vorrichtung zur verbesserung der rufqualität von freisprechvorrichtungen und freisprechvorrichtung
CN106686185A (zh) * 2014-06-30 2017-05-17 歌尔科技有限公司 提高免提通话设备通话质量的方法、装置和免提通话设备
CN106686185B (zh) * 2014-06-30 2019-07-19 歌尔科技有限公司 提高免提通话设备通话质量的方法、装置和免提通话设备
DE102014013919A1 (de) * 2014-09-18 2016-03-24 Audi Ag Mikrofonsystem für einen Kraftwagen, Kraftwagen mit einem Mikrofonsystem und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Mikrofonsystems eines Kraftwagens
DE102014013919B4 (de) 2014-09-18 2018-12-20 Audi Ag Mikrofonsystem für einen Kraftwagen, Kraftwagen mit einem Mikrofonsystem und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Mikrofonsystems eines Kraftwagens
DE102016013042A1 (de) * 2016-11-02 2018-05-03 Audi Ag Mikrofonsystem für ein Kraftfahrzeug mit dynamischer Richtcharakteristik
CN109997368A (zh) * 2016-11-02 2019-07-09 奥迪股份公司 具有动态指向特性的用于机动车的麦克风系统
US10623853B2 (en) 2016-11-02 2020-04-14 Audi Ag Microphone system for a motor vehicle with dynamic directivity
DE102017215219A1 (de) * 2017-08-31 2019-02-28 Audi Ag Mikrofonsystem für ein Kraftfahrzeug mit Richtcharakteristik und Signalverbesserung
US10999675B2 (en) 2017-08-31 2021-05-04 Audi Ag Microphone system for a motor vehicle having a directivity pattern and signal improvement
US12003946B2 (en) 2019-07-30 2024-06-04 Dolby Laboratories Licensing Corporation Adaptable spatial audio playback

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