EP1204840B1 - Entirely combustible inductive primer - Google Patents
Entirely combustible inductive primer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1204840B1 EP1204840B1 EP00947974A EP00947974A EP1204840B1 EP 1204840 B1 EP1204840 B1 EP 1204840B1 EP 00947974 A EP00947974 A EP 00947974A EP 00947974 A EP00947974 A EP 00947974A EP 1204840 B1 EP1204840 B1 EP 1204840B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- primer
- coil
- combustible
- support material
- ignition
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N [(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-trinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dinitrooxy-6-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-4-yl] nitrate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O1)O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+](=O)[O-])[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229940079938 nitrocellulose Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009411 base construction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
- F41A19/00—Firing or trigger mechanisms; Cocking mechanisms
- F41A19/58—Electric firing mechanisms
- F41A19/63—Electric firing mechanisms having means for contactless transmission of electric energy, e.g. by induction, by sparking gap
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
- C06B45/12—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product having contiguous layers or zones
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06C—DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
- C06C9/00—Chemical contact igniters; Chemical lighters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B5/00—Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges
- F42B5/02—Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile
- F42B5/08—Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile modified for electric ignition
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
- F42C19/00—Details of fuzes
- F42C19/08—Primers; Detonators
- F42C19/12—Primers; Detonators electric
Definitions
- the invention relates to a pyrotechnic igniter for igniting Propellant powder for caseless ammunition with one igniter and one Coil, in which the energy required for triggering on electromagnetic Ways (inductive) is transmitted.
- inductive igniters are non-combustible components of the receiving coil and the electrical Ignition element. All the more so with a relatively small caliber diameter, because here unburnt remnants of the lighter in the cartridge chamber or in the tube can create weapon-damaging residues.
- the object of the invention is therefore to create a production technology that is uncomplicated and to build inexpensive, fully combustible, inductive lighters, which none has weapon-damaging residues and the basic structure can be used universally with all common weapon calibers.
- this object is achieved in that the ignition element and Coil on a common flat flammable or consumable carrier material are located.
- the entire carrier material of the igniter consists of flammable or consumable substances, e.g. Paper or nitrocellulose.
- the superimposed on one another Level conductor ends (conductor track ends) and by contacting them a spatial solenoid and thereby form the remaining ends of the Conductor tracks the connection surfaces (contact points) of the ignition bridge.
- the electrical conductor tracks are expediently screen printed applied the carrier material and consist of silver or copper conductive paste.
- the inductive igniter can be columnar or flat, consisting of a combustible or consumable electrical igniter and one Induction coil with several turns and any external geometry, which on a flat, single or multi-layer, combustible, insulating carrier material is built or embedded and the electrically conductive coil material as well can be designed to be combustible or consumable.
- the entire inductive igniter is advantageously switched on or in one plane multilayer on a flexible flammable paper film or nitrocellulose film or another combustible carrier layer applied, the entire electrical Conductor or conductor tracks made of, for example, hardened silver or Copper paste or other metal compound or non-metallic combustible or consumable conductor material, which is preferably in Screen printing process or another application process is applied.
- the advantage of the aforementioned invention is that the inductive igniter is constructed in one piece and only by reshaping and adding glow wire, Conductive adhesive points and primer maintains their function and are completely combustible or is edible.
- FIG. 1 shows a manufacturing example for a cylindrical receiving coil flammable carrier material 5 and conductor tracks made of printed conductive paste for example three turns in the non-plated state. They are visible Coil turns 1, the via points 2, the connection point of the ignition filament 3 and the filament 4.
- the ignition filament can, for example, by Gluing or bonding with the pads 3 are contacted. Geometry, Conductor cross-section and number of turns can be varied within a wide range.
- Figure 2 shows the manufacturing process for reaching a solenoid through Folding the coil ends and then contacting the Coil ends 6 with the via points 7, advantageously with electrically conductive adhesive.
- the one above the other Paper ends are fixed with NC glue.
- Figure 3 shows the igniter ready for installation.
- the via points are visible 7 contact the coil ends 6 through the center bore.
- the Carrier material around the pads 3 can be due to its flexibility in one suitable position in the ignition chain and with a corresponding combustible body for receiving the detonator z. B. by Glue.
- FIG. 4 shows a production example for a flat-lying receiving coil flammable carrier material 1 and conductor tracks made of printed conductive paste for example ten turns.
- the coil turns 2 are visible Via points 3, the conductor tracks on the back 4 of the Carrier material and the connection point of the ignition filament 5.
- geometry, Conductor cross-section and number of turns can be varied within a wide range.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen pyrotechnischen Anzünder zur Anzündung von Treibladungspulver für hülsenlose Munition mit einem Anzündelement und einer Spule, bei welchem die zur Auslösung benötigte Energie auf elektromagnetischem Wege (induktiv) übertragen wird.The invention relates to a pyrotechnic igniter for igniting Propellant powder for caseless ammunition with one igniter and one Coil, in which the energy required for triggering on electromagnetic Ways (inductive) is transmitted.
Die in den letzten Jahren verstärkte Forderung nach Einsatz von hülsenloser Munition, führte vermehrt zu Lösungsansätzen für Anzündsysteme, die nach dem Prinzip der berührungslosen Energieübertragung in den Verbrennungsraum einer Waffe arbeiten. Prinzipielle Lösungen der induktiven Anzündung wurden in der Vergangenheit aufgezeigt und die Machbarkeit an diversen Waffensystemen nachgewiesen.The increased demand in recent years for the use of sleeveless Ammunition, led increasingly to approaches for ignition systems after the Principle of contactless energy transfer into the combustion chamber Weapon work. Principle solutions for inductive ignition were developed in the Past shown and the feasibility of various weapon systems demonstrated.
Hauptproblem bei den bisherigen Ausführungsformen induktiver Anzünder sind die nicht verbrennbaren Komponenten der Empfangsspule sowie des elektrischen Anzündelementes. Dies um so mehr bei relativ kleinem Kaliberdurchmesser, da hier unverbrannte Reste des Anzünders im Patronenlager bzw. im Rohr waffenschädigende Rückstände bilden können.The main problem with the previous embodiments of inductive igniters are non-combustible components of the receiving coil and the electrical Ignition element. All the more so with a relatively small caliber diameter, because here unburnt remnants of the lighter in the cartridge chamber or in the tube can create weapon-damaging residues.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, einen fertigungstechnisch unkomplizierten und kostengünstigen, vollverbrennbaren, induktiven Anzünder aufzubauen, welcher keine waffenfunktionsschädigende Rückstände aufweist und vom prinzipiellen Aufbau her universell bei allen gängigen Waffenkalibern eingesetzt werden kann.The object of the invention is therefore to create a production technology that is uncomplicated and to build inexpensive, fully combustible, inductive lighters, which none has weapon-damaging residues and the basic structure can be used universally with all common weapon calibers.
Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, daß sich Anzündelement und Spule auf einem gemeinsamen flachen brennbaren oder verzehrbaren Trägermaterial befinden. According to the invention this object is achieved in that the ignition element and Coil on a common flat flammable or consumable carrier material are located.
Erfindungsgemäß besteht das gesamte Trägermaterial des Anzünders aus brennbaren oder verzehrbaren Stoffen, wie z.B. Papier oder Nitrocellulose.According to the invention, the entire carrier material of the igniter consists of flammable or consumable substances, e.g. Paper or nitrocellulose.
In bevorzugter Ausführungsform ergibt sich durch Übereinanderlegen der auf einer Ebene befindlichen Leiterenden (Leiterbahnenden) und durch deren Kontaktierung eine räumliche Zylinderspule und dabei bilden die verbleibenden Enden der Leiterbahnen die Anschlußflächen (Kontaktierungsstellen) der Zündbrücke.In a preferred embodiment, the superimposed on one another Level conductor ends (conductor track ends) and by contacting them a spatial solenoid and thereby form the remaining ends of the Conductor tracks the connection surfaces (contact points) of the ignition bridge.
Die elektrischen Leiterbahnen sind zweckmäßigerweise im Siebdruckverfahren auf das Trägermaterial aufgebracht und bestehen aus Silber- oder Kupferleitpaste.The electrical conductor tracks are expediently screen printed applied the carrier material and consist of silver or copper conductive paste.
Der induktive Anzünder kann säulenförmig oder flach ausgeführt sein, bestehend aus einem verbrennbaren oder verzehrbaren elektrischen Anzündelement und einer Induktionsspule mit mehreren Windungen und beliebiger Außengeometrie, welche auf einem flachen ein- oder mehrlagigen, verbrennbaren, isolierenden Trägermaterial aufgebaut oder eingebettet ist und das elektrisch leitfähige Spulenmaterial ebenfalls verbrennbar oder verzehrbar ausgelegt sein kann.The inductive igniter can be columnar or flat, consisting of a combustible or consumable electrical igniter and one Induction coil with several turns and any external geometry, which on a flat, single or multi-layer, combustible, insulating carrier material is built or embedded and the electrically conductive coil material as well can be designed to be combustible or consumable.
Vorteilhafterweise wird der gesamte induktive Anzünder in einer Ebene ein- oder mehrschichtig auf einer flexiblen brennbaren Papierfolie oder Nitrocellulosefolie oder einer anderen brennbaren Trägerschicht aufgebracht, wobei die gesamte elektrische Leiterführung bzw. Leiterbahnen aus beispielsweise gehärteter Silber- oder Kupferleitpaste oder einer anderen Metallverbindung oder nichtmetallischem verbrennbarem oder verzehrbarem Leitermaterial besteht, welches vorzugsweise im Siebdruckverfahren oder einem anderen Auftrageverfahren aufgebracht wird.The entire inductive igniter is advantageously switched on or in one plane multilayer on a flexible flammable paper film or nitrocellulose film or another combustible carrier layer applied, the entire electrical Conductor or conductor tracks made of, for example, hardened silver or Copper paste or other metal compound or non-metallic combustible or consumable conductor material, which is preferably in Screen printing process or another application process is applied.
Der Vorteil der vorgenannten Erfindung liegt darin, daß der induktive Anzünder einteilig aufgebaut ist und nur durch Umformen und Hinzufügen von Glühdraht, Leitkleberpunkten und Zündsatz seine Funktion erhält und komplett verbrennbar oder verzehrbar ist. The advantage of the aforementioned invention is that the inductive igniter is constructed in one piece and only by reshaping and adding glow wire, Conductive adhesive points and primer maintains their function and are completely combustible or is edible.
Weitere Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Figuren, die nachfolgend beschrieben sind.Further features of the invention result from the figures that follow are described.
Es zeigt:
- Fig. 1
- ein Fertigungsbeispiel für einen erfindungsgemäßen Anzünder,
- Fig. 2
- den zugehörigen Fertigungsvorgang,
- Fig. 3
- den fertigen Anzünder und
- Fig. 4
- ein alternatives Beispiel für einen ebenen Anzünder.
- Fig. 1
- a manufacturing example for a lighter according to the invention,
- Fig. 2
- the associated manufacturing process,
- Fig. 3
- the finished lighter and
- Fig. 4
- an alternative example of a flat lighter.
Figur 1 zeigt ein Fertigungsbeispiel für eine zylindrische Empfangsspule auf
brennbarem Trägermaterial 5 und Leiterbahnen aus gedruckter Leitpaste mit
beispielsweise drei Windungen im nicht durchkontaktierten Zustand. Sichtbar sind die
Spulenwindungen 1, die Durchkontaktierungspunkte 2, die Anschlußstelle des Zünd-Glühdrahtes
3 und der Glühdraht 4. Der Zünd-Glühdraht kann beispielsweise durch
Kleben oder Bonden mit den Anschlußflächen 3 kontaktiert werden. Geometrie,
Leiterquerschnitt und Windungszahl können in großem Rahmen variiert werden.FIG. 1 shows a manufacturing example for a cylindrical receiving coil
Figur 2 zeigt den Fertigungsvorgang zum Erreichen einer Zylinderspule durch
Zusammenlegen der Spulenenden und anschließender Kontaktierung der
Spulenenden 6 mit den Durchkontaktierungspunkten 7, vorteilhafterweise mit
elektrisch leitfähigem Kleber. Zusätzlich können die übereinanderliegenden
Papierenden mit NC-Kleber fixiert werden.Figure 2 shows the manufacturing process for reaching a solenoid through
Folding the coil ends and then contacting the
Figur 3 zeigt den Anzünder einbaufertig. Sichtbar sind die Durchkontaktierungspunkte
7 durch deren Mittenbohrung die Spulenenden 6 kontaktiert werden. Das
Trägermaterial um die Anschlußflächen 3 kann durch seine Flexibilität in einer
geeigneten Position in der Zündkette fixiert werden und mit einem entsprechenden
brennbarem Körper zur Aufnahme des Zündstoffes verbunden werden z. B. durch
Kleben.Figure 3 shows the igniter ready for installation. The via points are visible
7 contact the
Figur 4 zeigt ein Fertigungsbeispiel für eine flachliegende Empfangsspule auf
brennbarem Trägermaterial 1 und Leiterbahnen aus gedruckter Leitpaste mit
beispielsweise zehn Windungen. Sichtbar sind die Spulenwindungen 2, die
Durchkontaktierungspunkte 3, die Leiterbahnen auf der Rückseite 4 des
Trägermaterials und die Anschlußstelle des Zünd-Glühdrahtes 5. Geometrie,
Leiterquerschnitt und Windungszahl können in großem Rahmen variiert werden.FIG. 4 shows a production example for a flat-lying receiving coil
Bei der Beaufschlagung einer waffenseitigen Primärspule mit einem: Stromimpuls wird ein magnetisches Wechselfeld erzeugt und in der Spule des induktiven Anzündelementes eine Spannung induziert, die durch den elektrischen Widerstand des Glühdrahtes einen Strom treibt, welcher durch die Umsetzung in Joulsche Wärme eine Zündung des Anzündsatzes bewirkt und damit Treibladungspulver anzündet. Hierbei werden alle Komponenten des Anzünders verbrannt oder verzehrt.When loading a primary coil on the weapon side with a: current pulse an alternating magnetic field is generated and in the inductive coil Ignition element induces a voltage caused by the electrical resistance of the filament drives a current which is converted into Joule heat causes ignition of the primer and thus ignites propellant charge powder. All components of the lighter are burned or consumed.
Claims (4)
- Pyrotechnic primer for igniting propellant powder for sleeveless ammunition, the primer having an ignition element (4) and a coil (1) in which the energy required for triggering is transferred by electromagnetic means (inductively), characterised in that the ignition element (4) and the coil (1) are situated on a common, flat, combustible or consumable support material (5).
- Primer according to claim 1, characterised in that the entire support material (5) of the primer consists of combustible or consumable materials, such as e.g. paper or nitro-cellulose.
- Primer according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that a three-dimensional cylindrical coil is produced by laying the conductor ends, the ends being on one plane, one on top of the other and making a contact between them, with the remaining ends of the printed circuit traces forming the connection surfaces of the ignition bridge (4).
- Primer according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the electrical printed circuit traces (1) are preferably applied to the support material (5) using a screen-printing process and consist of silver or copper conductive paste.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19936095 | 1999-07-30 | ||
| DE19936095 | 1999-07-30 | ||
| DE19956635 | 1999-11-25 | ||
| DE19956635A DE19956635A1 (en) | 1999-07-30 | 1999-11-25 | Fully combustible induction lighter |
| PCT/EP2000/006607 WO2001009563A1 (en) | 1999-07-30 | 2000-07-12 | Entirely combustible inductive primer |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1204840A1 EP1204840A1 (en) | 2002-05-15 |
| EP1204840B1 true EP1204840B1 (en) | 2003-03-05 |
Family
ID=26054435
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP00947974A Expired - Lifetime EP1204840B1 (en) | 1999-07-30 | 2000-07-12 | Entirely combustible inductive primer |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6962112B1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1204840B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE233890T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2380442C (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2001009563A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10254090B1 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2019-04-09 | University Of Central Florida Research Foundation | Layered energetic material having multiple ignition points |
| US9464874B1 (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2016-10-11 | Spectre Materials Sciences, Inc. | Layered energetic material having multiple ignition points |
| US20150345922A1 (en) * | 2014-05-28 | 2015-12-03 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Igniter for Downhole Use Having Flame Control |
| US10882799B2 (en) | 2014-09-10 | 2021-01-05 | Spectre Materials Sciences, Inc. | Primer for firearms and other munitions |
| US11112222B2 (en) | 2019-01-21 | 2021-09-07 | Spectre Materials Sciences, Inc. | Propellant with pattern-controlled burn rate |
| JP2024502509A (en) | 2021-02-16 | 2024-01-19 | スペクトル マテリアルズ サイエンシズ，インコーポレイテッド | Primers for firearms and other munitions |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2919627A (en) * | 1953-05-05 | 1960-01-05 | Mcculloch Motors Corp | Projectile ignition device |
| FR2438820A1 (en) * | 1978-10-13 | 1980-05-09 | France Etat | ELECTRIC DEVICE FOR IGNITION OF A PYROTECHNIC SUBSTANCE |
| US4271370A (en) * | 1979-09-21 | 1981-06-02 | Litton Systems, Inc. | Double air gap printed circuit rotor |
| DE3231369C1 (en) * | 1982-08-24 | 1984-01-05 | Dynamit Nobel Ag, 5210 Troisdorf | Secondary coil for inductive igniters |
| NZ207264A (en) * | 1984-02-23 | 1988-10-28 | New Zealand Dev Finance | Flexible printed circuit coil |
| US4715894A (en) * | 1985-08-29 | 1987-12-29 | Techno Instruments Investments 1983 Ltd. | Use of immersion tin and tin alloys as a bonding medium for multilayer circuits |
| EP0526389B1 (en) * | 1991-06-29 | 1997-01-29 | Dynamit Nobel GmbH Explosivstoff- und Systemtechnik | Device for launching ammunition |
| US5600293A (en) * | 1994-06-14 | 1997-02-04 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Integrated magnetic exploding foil initiator fire set |
| SE509310C2 (en) * | 1994-06-17 | 1999-01-11 | Foersvarets Forskningsanstalt | Ways to electrically initiate and control the combustion of a compact drive charge and drive charge |
| DE19706605A1 (en) * | 1997-02-20 | 1998-08-27 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | Secondary coil for inductive ignition |
| DE19848758B4 (en) * | 1998-10-22 | 2007-04-12 | Diehl Stiftung & Co.Kg | Inductive ignition element and method for producing an inductively initiable ignition element, in particular for caseless ammunition |
-
2000
- 2000-07-12 AT AT00947974T patent/ATE233890T1/en active
- 2000-07-12 EP EP00947974A patent/EP1204840B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-07-12 WO PCT/EP2000/006607 patent/WO2001009563A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2000-07-12 US US10/048,168 patent/US6962112B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-07-12 CA CA002380442A patent/CA2380442C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1204840A1 (en) | 2002-05-15 |
| ATE233890T1 (en) | 2003-03-15 |
| US6962112B1 (en) | 2005-11-08 |
| CA2380442A1 (en) | 2001-02-08 |
| CA2380442C (en) | 2009-01-13 |
| WO2001009563A1 (en) | 2001-02-08 |
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