EP1204086B1 - Anzeigeeinheit - Google Patents

Anzeigeeinheit Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1204086B1
EP1204086B1 EP20010309224 EP01309224A EP1204086B1 EP 1204086 B1 EP1204086 B1 EP 1204086B1 EP 20010309224 EP20010309224 EP 20010309224 EP 01309224 A EP01309224 A EP 01309224A EP 1204086 B1 EP1204086 B1 EP 1204086B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
display
tube member
hollow tube
display element
display unit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP20010309224
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1204086A2 (de
EP1204086A3 (de
Inventor
Shuichi Maeda
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
New Oji Paper Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Oji Paper Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Oji Paper Co Ltd filed Critical Oji Paper Co Ltd
Publication of EP1204086A2 publication Critical patent/EP1204086A2/de
Publication of EP1204086A3 publication Critical patent/EP1204086A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1204086B1 publication Critical patent/EP1204086B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
    • G09F9/30—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements
    • G09F9/37—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements being movable elements
    • G09F9/372—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements being movable elements the positions of the elements being controlled by the application of an electric field

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a display device, a display unit, and to a method for producing the display device and the display unit. More specifically, the present invention relates to a display device which may be used as a display of a personal computer, a-mobile phone, a mobile terminal, etc., or which may be used as an independent portable display, such as a digital (or electronic) paper or a digital book that obtains information from such appliances, to a display unit which form such a display device, and to a method for producing such display device and display unit.
  • a display device which may be used as a display of a personal computer, a-mobile phone, a mobile terminal, etc., or which may be used as an independent portable display, such as a digital (or electronic) paper or a digital book that obtains information from such appliances, to a display unit which form such a display device, and to a method for producing such display device and display unit.
  • Display devices such as that shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B are conventionally known as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,126,854, U.S. Patent No. 4,143,103, and Japanese Unexamined Patent Application, First Publication, No. Hei 1-282589.
  • particles are used as the display medium, each of which has a hemisphere portion having a color different from the color of the other hemisphere portion.
  • a dispersed particle rotation type panel display 5 includes a capsule structure formed in a transparent substrate 2 of a plate shape in which a rotary particle 1 for display having hemispheres 1a and 1b of different colors is encapsulated and held in a space 3 of spherical shape which is filled with a dielectric liquid 4.
  • a transparent electrode 8 including an electrode 6 and a transparent panel 7 is closely attached to the front and the back of the transparent substrate 2 and an electric field is applied by means of a power source 9 so that an image is formed by the rotation of the particles 1.
  • an electric double layer is formed around a particle which is present in a liquid due to transfer of electric charge between the particle and the liquid.
  • the particle is electrified positively or negatively.
  • a rotatable particle for display is formed so as to have at least two areas of different colors and different electrification characteristics in a liquid.
  • an image formed by the display device is kind to the eye in the same way as printed matter, and does not cause eyestrain due to flickering of emitted light.
  • the display device may be formed by using the following method. First, the above-mentioned rotatable particles for display are mixed with an elastomer, and the mixture is thermally cured after being formed into a sheet shape. The mixture is then immersed in a dielectric liquid, such as an organic solvent or an oil. The liquid acts as a plasticizer and causes a swelling of the elastomer. Since the elastomer swells nearly uniformly, a space is generated around each particle, and at the same time, the space is filled with the liquid. As a result, the particle is held in the space surrounded by the liquid. Accordingly, the particle may freely rotate in the space. As shown in FIGS.
  • an elastomer sheet in which particles, each of which have hemispheres of two different colors, are encapsulated in the space 3 of spherical shape filled with the dielectric liquid 4, may be obtained.
  • the transparent electrodes are disposed so as to sandwich the elastomer sheet.
  • the transparent electrodes may be formed by using a transparent conductive membrane made of, for instance, an indium-tin oxide (ITO).
  • the sizes of the spaces 3 are not uniform and the shapes thereof are irregular, a desired image cannot be produced with good reproducibility. That is, if the space 3 is too small for the rotatable particle 1, or the shape of the space 3 is distorted, the rotation of the particle in the space 3 is inhibited, and the degree of rotation of the rotary particle 1 necessary for displaying an image (180° in general) cannot be obtained when the rotary particle 1 rotates in accordance with an electric anisotropy under the influence of the applied external electric field. On the other hand, if the size of the space 3 is too large for the rotary particle 1, the ratio of the liquid portion, which does not take part in image display, to the particle portion becomes relatively too large, and it is difficult to obtain an image having an excellent contrast.
  • an object of the invention is to provide a display unit, a display device, and a display method in which the above-mentioned problems in the production process and quality of the display are solved, and the images formed are kind to the eye in a manner similar to that of printed matter and does not cause eyestrain due to flicking of emitted light.
  • a display unit including a transparent hollow tube member; and at least one display element sealed in the transparent hollow tube member, the display element being capable of rotating independently, wherein the display element has a surface which is divided into a plurality of area having different colors, and the display element is polarized to have at least two poles having a different electrification state.
  • the shape of the display element is selected from the group consisting of a sphere, oval, and cylinder.
  • the display unit further includes a liquid which is sealed in the hollow tube member, the liquid being present between the display element and the hollow tube member.
  • a plurality of the display units is arranged over substantially the entire display region of the display device.
  • substantially all of the plurality of display units are arranged so as to be substantially parallel to each other.
  • the display device further includes an electric field application device which applies an electric field to the display unit.
  • the present invention also provides a method for displaying colors on a display by using the above-mentioned display device, including the step of: applying an electric field corresponding to an image signal to the display element.
  • the present invention also provides a method for producing a display device including at least one display unit, comprising the steps of: forming a hollow tube member; introducing a liquid in which display elements have been dispersed into the hollow tube member; sealing an end portion of the hollow tube member to form a display unit comprising the hollow tube member in which the display element is contained; and arranging the display unit over a display region of the display device.
  • the specific gravity of the liquid is close to the specific gravity of the display element.
  • the liquid is of a two-liquid system formed by combining a first liquid having higher specific gravity than that of the display element and a second liquid having lower specific gravity than that of the display element.
  • the hollow tube member is formed by a method comprising the steps of: forming a fiber having a two-layer structure; and removing an inner layer of the fiber to produce the hollow tube member.
  • the inner layer of the fiber is made of a material which may be dissolved in a solvent.
  • the present invention also provides a method for producing a display device including at least one display unit, comprising the steps of: forming a fiber having a three-layer structure, an intermediate layer of the fiber being formed by a material to be dissolved; dissolving the intermediate layer of the fiber; sealing an end portion of the fiber to form a display unit comprising the innermost layer of the fiber freely rotatable in the outermost layer of the fiber; and arranging the display unit over a display region of the display device, wherein the innermost layer of the fiber functions as a display element and the outermost layer of the fiber functions as a hollow tube member.
  • the intermediate layer is dissolved by a solvent or by an irradiation of light.
  • the specific gravity of the intermediate layer, after being dissolved, is substantially the same as the specific gravity of the display element.
  • the display element of the display unit is cut by using a laser beam, a rotary knife, or a straight knife.
  • each display unit since each display unit is independent to each other, it may be produced by using a simple manufacturing method, such as a coating method.
  • a display device may be produced by dispersing display units in a liquid and applying it onto a sheet shape supporting medium, or by spreading it onto a mesh type supporting medium and then removing the liquid so that the display units are entangled to be a sheet shape. If the display units are arranged in a certain direction when produced, it becomes possible to arrange the display units in parallel, or if they are laminated in an orthogonal direction (i.e., a vertical direction), it is possible to form a display region in a lattice form.
  • the type of the liquid to be sealed in the display unit may be arbitrary selected.
  • a method such as a melt spinning method is adapted for producing a hollow tube member of the display unit, it becomes possible to produce the hollow tube member with high accuracy as compared with a case where a spherical space is formed by swelling of an elastomer.
  • the rotation of the display element is not interfered and it becomes possible to form an excellent image. Further, as shown in FIG.
  • the display element in the display unit may be shown larger than its actual size due to a so-called "convex lens effect" of the side surface (i.e., the circumferential surface) of the hollow tube member containing a transparent liquid. Therefore, the apparent surface area of the display element with respect to the entire display region is shown larger than its actual area, and as a result, an excellent contrast may be obtained.
  • display elements placed in hollow tube members are independently rotated by an external driving force to form an image.
  • an electric field is most typical but other sources, such as magnetic field, light, heat, and so forth may also be utilized.
  • the display element according to an embodiment of the present invention has a cylindrical shape, and the side surface (i.e., the circumferential surface) thereof is divided into at least two areas having different colors.
  • a half of the side surface of the display element may be white and the other half may be black.
  • the side surface of the display element may be divided into three areas of, for example, red, blue, and yellow, or may be divided into four areas of red, blue, yellow, and black.
  • the part of the display element which is visible from the surface of the display device, which contains a plurality of the arranged display elements forms a color dot, and a letter or an image is formed by a plurality of the dots so arranged.
  • Examples of a method for partitioning the electrification state of the display element include a formation of an electret fiber, an injection of an ionic material into a resin, an injection of a magnetic element into a resin, and a coating or a vapor deposition of a foreign material onto a single material.
  • the partitioning of electrification state of the display clement includes not only the combination of positive and negative electric states but also the combination of strongly positive and weakly positive, strongly negative and weakly negative, and so forth.
  • the concept of the partitioning of electrification state includes the combination of the S pole and the N pole in the magnetic field.
  • the color of the surfaces of the display element may be differentiated by using the color of the material used, by mixing, coating, or vapor depositing a coloring element, or painting the surface of the display element.
  • the shape of the display element is not limited to the cylindrical shape, and it may be a square rod, a hexagonal rod, and so forth. Also, it is possible to form the display element into a spherical shape or an oval shape. In any case, the shape of the display element is not limited as long as the display element is capable of independently rotating in a hollow tube member. Furthermore, even for the case in which the display clement is in a spherical shape or in an oval shape, the display element has at least two areas of different colors.
  • each display element changes its direction when an electric field is externally applied to the display device based on an image signal, in accordance with the direction of the electric field due to the force of the electric field on the surface charge of the display element.
  • a plurality of colors on the circumferential surface of the display element one which corresponds to the image signal becomes visible from an external point of view through the transparent tube member.
  • the fixed state, or the display state, of the display element is maintained even if the application of the electric field is stopped, due to the static friction which acts between the outer surface of the display element and the inner surface of the tube member, or between the outer surface of the display element and a liquid contained in the space.
  • the hollow tube member and a display unit may be produced in accordance with the following procedures:
  • the display element or the display unit it is possible to cut the display element or the display unit by using a laser beam, a rotary knife, or a straight knife.
  • a laser beam When only the innermost layer of the fiber is cut by using a laser beam from the outside of the tube member, it is necessary to adjust the wavelength, etc., of the laser beam by taking into account the material used for each layer.
  • the length of the display element and the hollow tube member to be cut it is preferable to be between about 5 and 100 ⁇ m for the display element, and between about 5 ⁇ m and the width of the display device for the hollow tube member.
  • the length of the hollow tube member is more preferably between about 1 mm and the width of the display device.
  • a display device may be produced by, for example, applying a liquid in which the above-mentioned display unit is dispersed onto a thin supporting medium, and forming the medium into a sheet shape.
  • the above dispersion liquid containing the display unit may be spread onto a supporting medium of mesh shape, and the fluid portion of the dispersion liquid may be removed to form a sheet having a plurality of display units in an entangled manner.
  • a device which is capable of applying, for instance, an electric field or a magnetic field onto portions of the above-mentioned sheet containing the display units, it becomes possible to write, delete, and rewrite information by means of the display device.
  • Any known device which can apply an electric field or a magnetic field may be employed.
  • a glass is generally used for the upper electrode plate.
  • a transparent plastic made of, for instance, a polycarbonate resin, an acrylic resin such as polymcthy methacrylate, or a styrene resin such as styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, and so forth for the upper electrode plate.
  • the wire of the electrode plate be vapor deposited with ITO.
  • the lower side electrode plate since the lower side electrode plate need not be transparent, it may be made of a material which is not transparent.
  • FIGS. 3A and 3B are diagrams showing schematic cross-sectional views of a display unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3A shows a state of image display before the display device is actuated
  • FIG. 3B shows a state of image display after the display device is actuated.
  • FIGS. 4 through 6 are diagrams showing the display device according to the embodiment of the present invention viewed from the top.
  • FIG. 4 shows a state of image display before the display device is actuated.
  • FIG. 5 shows a state of image display during the actuation of the display device, i.e., when information is being written.
  • FIG. 6 shows a state of image display after the display device is actuated, i.e., when writing of the information is completed.
  • the length of the display unit is equal to the width of a image display portion and the display units are arranged in parallel, the length of the display unit may be shorter than the width of the image display portion and the display units may be arranged in different form such as in a tangled state.
  • FIGS. 1A and 1B are diagrams showing another embodiment of the display device according to the present invention in which a display unit is formed into a sheet shape and power sources and wires for applying an electric field to display elements are provided with the display device.
  • a display unit is formed into a sheet shape and power sources and wires for applying an electric field to display elements are provided with the display device.
  • transparent display unit outer tubes are not shown accurately in FIG. 1A, the relationship between the display unit and display elements is shown in FIG. 1 B magnified.
  • electrode plates are not shown in the figures, the display unit is actually sandwiched by the electrode plates in the up-and-down direction and at least the upper electrode is transparent.
  • an angular moment or torque caused by Coulomb force is generated for certain display elements by an electric field generated between the two electrode plates so that arbitrary circumferential surfaces of the display elements may be placed in a visible position.
  • the number of display elements which correspond to the electric field is not limited and may be only one or two or more of the display elements may be operated at a time
  • spherical display elements were prepared by using a method disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application, First Publication, No. Sho 56-123577. That is, as shown in FIG. 7, a heat resistant acrylic adhesive layer having a thickness of about 35 ⁇ m was formed on a surface of a medium made of a polyester film having a width of about 10 cm. Then, a plurality of white glass sphere bodies having a diameter of about 50 ⁇ m were arranged on the above-mentioned adhesive layer to form a monolayer thereof.
  • the sphere bodies were compressed onto the adhesive layer so that the half of each of the sphere bodies is embedded in the adhesive layer, by using a silicone rubber roller via a sheet made of polytetrafluoroethylene. After this, a high pressure gas is blown onto the adhesive layer to remove the sphere bodies which were raised from the surface to arrange a monolayer of the sphere bodies on the medium. During the process, the thickness of the adhesive layer was set to be about 25 ⁇ m so that almost the half of the sphere bodies may be embedded in the adhesive layer.
  • the film including the embedded sphere bodies i.e., the medium
  • the film including the embedded sphere bodies was placed so that the surface of the medium onto which the sphere bodies had been embedded faces the vapor deposition source of the vapor deposition device.
  • Sb 2 S 3 which was used as a coloring agent (black)
  • MgF 2 which was used as a surface charge controlling agent were deposited onto the surface of the medium not having the embedded sphere bodies.
  • the medium was immersed in ethanol to dissolve the adhesive layer and the sphere bodies were removed from the adhesive layer by using a brush.
  • the hemisphere of the sphere bodies which had been embedded in the adhesive layer was not colored and the other hemisphere of the sphere bodies was colored black.
  • a hollow tube member was prepared as follows. While a nitrogen gas was discharged from a central hole of a mouthpiece, which is schematically shown in FIG. 8, of an extruder, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer having a 25% copolymer ratio of vinyl acetate was extruded from a discharge hole surrounding the central hole. The temperature of the extruder was set to be 230°C and the pressure of the nitrogen gas was maintained substantially at atmospheric pressure. The extruding rate of melted ethylene-vinyl acetate was 0.15 kg/hr. The melted fiber discharged from the hole of the extruder was stretched to obtain a hollow fiber having an outer diameter of 160 ⁇ m and an inner diameter of 80 ⁇ m.
  • a bundle of the hollow fibers obtained were placed in a chamber and the chamber was evacuated. Then, a liquid, in which the spherical display elements obtained as mentioned above were dispersed, was introduced into the chamber so that the liquid was drawn into and filled the inside of the hollow fiber.
  • a two-liquid system including Isoper-G (a product of Exxon Chemical Co.) and PF5052 (a product of Sumitomo 3M Ltd.) was used as the liquid for dispersing the display elements.
  • the hollow fibers containing the display elements and the liquid were cut so that the length thereof became about 3 mm by using a cutter whose cutting edge was heated.
  • the end portions of the hollow fibers were sealed when cut because of the heat at the cutting edge of the cutter which melted and plugged the cut portions of the hollow fibers.
  • display units including hollow tube members containing the display elements inside thereof were obtained.
  • the display units obtained were formed into a substantially uniform web (matrix) and subjected to a needling process onto a foundation cloth made of filament yarn of nylon 66. In this manner, a sheet type display unit having a width of about 500 ⁇ m was prepared.
  • the above-mentioned sheet of the display unit was sandwiched by transparent electrodes in the up-and-down direction to produce a display device.
  • the electrode plates were made of glass, and one surface thereof was vapor deposited with ITO.
  • the display elements showed their white surfaces to the upper electrode (i.e., towards the display surface).
  • the positions of the electrodes were reversed, the display elements showed their black surfaces to the display surface.
  • the optical image concentration of the display surface was measured by using a Macbeth densitometer, and the ratio of image concentration when the black face was displayed with respect to when the white face was displayed was measured as a contrast ratio.
  • Display elements of cylindrical shape were prepared by using a nylon fiber. That is, a heat resistant acrylic adhesive was applied onto a surface of a medium made of a polyester film having a width of about 10 cm to form an acrylic adhesive layer having a width of 35 ⁇ m thereof.
  • a fishing line made of nylon (Fighter No. 0.2 having a width of about 70 ⁇ m, a product of Yamatoyo Tegusu Co.) was cut to be about 9 cm in length, and the nylon line pieces were placed on the adhesive layer so as to be arranged in a monolayer.
  • the nylon line pieces were compressed onto the adhesive layer so that the half of each piece was embedded in the adhesive layer, by using a silicone rubber roller via a sheet made of polytetrafluoroethylene having a width of about 50 ⁇ m. After this, the nylon line pieces which were raised from the surface were removed by hand to arrange the monolayer of the nylon line pieces on the medium.
  • the thickness of the adhesive layer was preset to be about 35 ⁇ m so that almost the half of the nylon line pieces may be embedded in the adhesive layer.
  • the surface of the medium into which the nylon line pieces were embedded was painted black by using a push-refresh type white board marker (a product of Pentel Co.)
  • the hemisphere portions of the nylon line pieces which were painted black had a state of surface charge distribution different from that of the other hemisphere portion which was not painted.
  • the medium was immersed in ethanol from the surface opposite the surface in which the nylon line pieces were embedded, and the nylon line pieces were separated from the adhesive layer while the adhesive layer was dissolved in ethanol.
  • the hemisphere portions of the nylon line pieces which had been embedded in the adhesive layer were not painted whereas the other hemisphere portions exposed were colored black.
  • the nylon line pieces were further cut by using a cutter so that the length of the cut pieces became about 1 mm. In this manner, a number of display elements of cylindrical shape was obtained.
  • a display device of a light receiving type device may be easily produced which is capable of forming an image that is kind to the eye in a manner like that of printed matter, and does not cause eyestrain due to flickering of emitted light. Also, according to the present invention, since a display medium which is capable of accurately reproducing an image information is obtained, a significant contribution may be made to industry.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)
  • Illuminated Signs And Luminous Advertising (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Eine Anzeigeneinheit, umfassend ein transparentes hohles Röhrenelement, wenigstens ein Anzeigenelement, das in dem hohlen Röhrenelement abgedichtet ist, und eine Flüssigkeit, die sich zwischen dem transparenten hohlen Röhrenelement und dem Anzeigenelement befindet, wobei das Anzeigenelement imstande ist, unabhängig zu rotieren, wobei das Anzeigenelement eine Oberfläche hat, die in eine Vielzahl von Bereichen mit verschiedenen Farben unterteilt ist, und das Anzeigenelement polarisiert ist, um wenigstens zwei Pole mit verschiedenen Ladungszuständen zu haben, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Flüssigkeit in dem transparenten hohlen Röhrenelement abgedichtet ist und ein spezifisches Gewicht hat, das in der Nähe desjenigen des Anzeigenelements liegt.
  2. Anzeigeneinheit nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Form des Anzeigenelements aus einer Gruppe ausgewählt ist, die einen Kreis, ein Oval und einen Zylinder umfasst.
  3. Anzeigenvorrichtung umfassend eine Anzeigeneinheit nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Vielzahl der Anzeigeneinheiten über dem gesamten Anzeigenbereich der Anzeigenvorrichtung angeordnet ist.
  4. Anzeigenvorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sämtliche der Vielzahl von Anzeigeneinheiten angeordnet sind, um parallel zueinander zu sein.
  5. Anzeigenvorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie desweiteren eine Anlegungsvorrichtung für ein elektrisches Feld umfasst, die ein elektrisches Feld an der Anzeigeneinheit anlegt.
  6. Anzeigeneinheit nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sämtliche der Vielzahl der Anzeigeneinheiten in einer Gitterform angeordnet sind.
  7. Anzeigeneinheit nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das transparente hohle Röhrenelement eine zylinderförmige Form hat, so dass wenigstens ein Teil einer Umfangsfläche des transparenten hohlen Röhrenelements einen Effekt einer konvexen Linse hat und einen Anzeigenabschnitt in dem transparenten hohlen Röhrenelement vergrößert.
  8. Anzeigeneinheit nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass wenigstens ein Anzeigenelement koaxial zu dem transparenten hohlen Röhrenelement positioniert ist.
EP20010309224 2000-11-01 2001-10-31 Anzeigeeinheit Expired - Lifetime EP1204086B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2000334193 2000-11-01
JP2000334193 2000-11-01

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1204086A2 EP1204086A2 (de) 2002-05-08
EP1204086A3 EP1204086A3 (de) 2004-06-09
EP1204086B1 true EP1204086B1 (de) 2006-04-05

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EP20010309224 Expired - Lifetime EP1204086B1 (de) 2000-11-01 2001-10-31 Anzeigeeinheit

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DE (1) DE60118494T2 (de)

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4008825A1 (de) * 1989-09-08 1991-03-14 Rose Walter Gmbh & Co Kg Vorrichtung zur grafischen darstellung von informationen
US6055091A (en) * 1996-06-27 2000-04-25 Xerox Corporation Twisting-cylinder display
US6428868B1 (en) * 1996-06-27 2002-08-06 Xerox Corporation Twisting-cylinder display
US5922268A (en) * 1997-10-30 1999-07-13 Xerox Corporation Method of manufacturing a twisting cylinder display using multiple chromatic values

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DE60118494D1 (de) 2006-05-18
EP1204086A2 (de) 2002-05-08
DE60118494T2 (de) 2006-09-07
EP1204086A3 (de) 2004-06-09

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