EP1201986B1 - Light deflection and deviation device for stationary use on a building façade for selective indoor illumination - Google Patents

Abstract

The light deflection and shading device has optical elements (C) arranged adjacent to each other in a row or in an array so that the light output sides (D) of the individual optical elements are at a distance apart and a light reflective or at least partially light absorbing material is arranged in the gaps between light output surfaces.

Description

Technical area

The invention relates to a device for light deflection as well Suppression for stationary use in a translucent building façade for targeted illumination of an interior with at least one translucent optical element having a newly formed light entrance side and a Light exit side provides, by a first curved interface as well is bounded at least by a second interface, wherein the curvature of the first interface is formed such that light rays from a first Solid angle range incident on the light entrance side and into the optical element couple by total reflection at the first interface to the area be concentrated at the second interface and that light rays coming from a second solid angle range incident on the light entrance side and in the optical Coupling element, through the first interface of the optical element escape.

State of the art

The invention relates to an element that in open and closed spaces as Sun protection element and can be used as a light-guiding element. The today's lighting and thermal requirements for buildings, especially in the Area of office use, especially at VDU workstations, place high Requirements for the sun protection as well as the daylight supply Jobs. To fulfill these claims come in many buildings sensor-controlled, tracked blind systems are used. It occurs in addition to unwanted interference effects by the permanent control of such Systems additionally have the problem that in shallow sun the interior darkens too much and the use of artificial light is required.

Through transparent prismatic sun protection elements, the direct Radiation component of the sun are effectively reflected back and simultaneously a high residual light transmission of the diffuse light of the sky can be achieved, then that the shaded by means of prismatic sun protection elements room not too must be darkened. However, to have an effective sunscreen for To ensure all occurring sun angles must be prismatic systems also be precisely tracked the current position of the sun, as the Prism structure on this incident radiation only within a small Angular range reflects. The technical effort for such system is accordingly high.

Prismatic systems also often have the disadvantageous or disturbing felt Property that the radiation when passing through the prism spectrally in different directions is split, creating a color separation in the visible range of radiation occurs.

Another problem with the use of prismatic elements often occurs in that the radiation reflected by the prismatic element reflected back into the exterior space. That may be the case when using such Elements in facade areas of buildings to glare problems in the Lead the environment of the building. An overview of the previous development is at the OTTI Energy College: 1.-6. Proceedings "Innovative Lighting Technology in Buildings" compiled.

By using so-called light transparent CPC structures (Compound Parabolic Concentrators), the angle of incidence within which the incident direct solar radiation is reflected back into the incident half-space, unlike prismatic systems by the shaping within one wide angular range can be adjusted. Thus, based on such CPC structures Also, non-moving, stationary systems are manufactured, the one effective sun protection and at the same time a high diffuse light transmission allow. Such a system based on transparent, CPC structures as stationary, seasonally effective sunscreen is used in the Published patent application DE 196 13 222 A1.

The device shown in the above document is the targeted Shading of sunlight on translucent building facades Interior lighting hits. The underlying of the known device, The optical principle of operation is characterized by the spatial geometry of one that converts sunlight. or blanking optical element specified and is basically based on the light concentration and the light deflection of solar radiation within a defined angle of incidence range, d. H. the optical element is capable of all those To focus on sunbeams coming from a given first Solid angle range incident on the optical element and all others Sunbeams are redirected accordingly. For a more detailed explanation, see Figure 2 referenced, in which the principle of operation of the known optical Element is shown. FIG. 2 shows four longitudinal sections, juxtaposed optical elements C, each having a common Light entrance side A have. Each individual optical element C has steadily curved side walls, each with a newly formed Close light exit side D. The optical element C can be either uniaxial linear as well as rotationally symmetric or biaxially or diagonally blended be formed. The curvature of the side walls of the optical element C is formed such that light rays on the light entrance side A from a Solid angle area B impinge, by way of total reflection at the side surfaces in the Be concentrated inside the optical element on the light exit side D. The light exit side D is provided with a coating E, which is the radiation either absorbed or reflected back into the entrance compartment B. To this Way, all light rays coming from the solid angle area B on the Be light entry side of the respective optical element C, before the unhindered passage through the optical element C prevented they become consequently hidden. Light rays on the light entrance side A incident, which are outside the solid angle B, however, get into the optical element C and emerge from the side walls of the element and experience a diversion or fanning.

Are such optical elements corresponding along a translucent Building façade F attached, as shown in Figure 3, so fortune the optical elements, the light rays incident on the light entrance side to redirect, reflect or absorb accordingly. In Figure 3 are Possibilities of a corresponding light deflection through the optical element a building facade F shown. Depending on the orientation of the optical elements Light rays can thus be directed into the light beam in relation to the incident light rays Interior of buildings redirected or back to the free atmosphere be reflected.

However, the known device described above has the disadvantage that it with appropriate attachment to a translucent building facade no Has translucent properties, which makes their use straight in Window areas is unattractive.

Presentation of the invention

The invention is based on the object, a device for light deflection and suppression for stationary use in a translucent Building facade for the targeted illumination of an interior with at least one translucent optical element, according to the preamble of claim 1 in such a way that a Durchsichtmöglichkeit by the linear or should consist of arrayed optical elements therethrough. Especially It applies a simple and inexpensive device for light suppression and redirecting the light.

The solution of the problem underlying the invention is in claim 1 specified. The idea of the invention advantageously further-forming features Subject matter of the subclaims and the rest of the description in particular with reference to the embodiments.

According to the invention, a device for light deflection and suppression for the stationary use in a translucent building façade for targeted Illumination of an interior space with at least two translucent optical Elements according to the preamble of claim 1 designed such that the optical elements are arranged in such a linear or arrayed manner next to each other, that the light exit sides of the individual optical elements from each other are spaced, and that in which between the light exit sides forming intermediate area a light-reflecting or at least partially light-absorbing agent is provided.

By providing the light-reflecting or at least partially or partially light-absorbing agent, not as in the case of the German patent application DE 196 13 222 A1 directly in the area of the light exit side, but in the Intermediate areas of the respective light exit sides of the linear or Be included arrayed optical elements is flat that light specifically faded out on the light entry side of the individual optical elements from the second solid angle range is incident. Light, that however, within the first solid angle range to the respective Light entry side of the optical elements arrives, passes almost unhindered Light exit side on which it accordingly emerge from the optical element can. This ensures that the optical element at least on the surfaces the light exit side is completely transparent, provided that the Light entry side and exit side are flat and parallel.

Brief description of the invention

Figur 1

Längsschnitt durch vier linear nebeneinander angeordnete optische Elemente,

Figur 2

Darstellung zum Stand der Technik,

Figur 3

Darstellung zum Stand der Technik,

Figur 4

schematische Darstellung zur Durchsicht,

Figur 5

optische Elemente mit transparentem Zusatzkörper,

Figur 6

optische Elemente mit optisch transparentem Zusatzkörper mit reliefartig ausgebildeten Strukturen,

Figur 7

optische Elemente mit bewegbarem Zusatzkörper,

Figur 8

spiegelbildliche Anordnung von optischen Elementen,

Figur 9

schematisierte Darstellung zur Beleuchtung des Innenraums eines Atriums sowie

Figur 10

optische Elemente in Kontakt zu einem lichtleitenden Körper.

The invention will now be described by way of example without limitation of the general inventive idea by means of embodiments with reference to the drawing. Show it:

FIG. 1

Longitudinal section through four linear juxtaposed optical elements,

FIG. 2

Representation of the prior art,

FIG. 3

Representation of the prior art,

FIG. 4

schematic representation for review,

FIG. 5

optical elements with transparent additional body,

FIG. 6

optical elements with optically transparent additional body with relief-like structures,

FIG. 7

optical elements with movable auxiliary body,

FIG. 8

mirror-image arrangement of optical elements,

FIG. 9

Schematic representation of the illumination of the interior of an atrium and

FIG. 10

optical elements in contact with a photoconductive body.

Ways to carry out the invention, industrial usability

FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through four linearly arranged side by side optical elements C, whose light entry sides A each in a uniform Lie flat. The light entry sides A are opposite free Light exit sides D arranged, compared to the prior art no having light-absorbing layer. Rather, in the intermediate areas between the light exit sides D light-absorbing or reflective means, For example, in the form of apertures BL, the light provided by the sides Light entrance side to the aperture BL falls, absorb or in the light entry space reflect back again. In particular, this applies to those portions of light that are on the Light entry sides of the optical elements from the second solid angle range come to mind. In contrast, light falls within the first solid angle range, so off the area B (see Figure 2), on the optical elements, so they are Light components transmitted through the optical element almost lossless. Of the The essential advantage of the optical elements shown in FIG. 1 is the possibility the direct view through the optical elements at least in the area of their Light exit surfaces D. In Figure 4, this relationship is shown graphically. at vertical arrangement of a plurality of arrayed optical elements For example, within a window element, it is for a viewer in the interior I possible, through the light exit sides of the respective optical elements to the outside to see (passband). In contrast, sunlight falls on the outside of the Light entry sides of the optical elements within the second Solid angle range, the so-called Ausbelendbereich, so this is Sunlight hidden by the presence of the aperture BL.

FIG. 5 shows a further embodiment for a linear or array-shaped one Arrangement consisting of a plurality of optical elements C shown. The individual optical elements C have a uniform light entrance side A. and are with their respective light exit sides with a transparent Carrier substrate T connected. The preferably plate-shaped, optically transparent carrier substrate T, which is preferably integral with the optical Elements C is connected, facing away from the optical elements on its Side a flat, planar surface T1 on. Together with the likewise plan formed light entrance side A is at least in the region of the light exit sides the individual optical elements C the direct view through the optical Arrangement given.

In the spaces in which the apertures BL are provided, are Air inclusions L provided if the arrangement is formed array-shaped. The Apertures BL themselves preferably have at their the light entry side facing Surface a reflective layer so that it is incident on it Sunlight is reflected back into the entrance half-space. In contrast, can the interior side facing visible surface N of the aperture BL individually be colored, so that on the one hand, the visual appeal of the entire optical arrangement is improved and, moreover, the see-through characteristics of can be improved inside out.

For individual light transmission from the first solid angle range, the Passage area, on the optical elements of incident light in the interior is the transparent support structure T on its side facing the interior preferably formed with surface structures S according to FIG. The Surface structures S are able to do this through the light exit sides Carrier substrate T incidental light in the interior continue to lead, eg. for the purpose of targeted optical room lighting.

The possible uses of the optical elements can also be extended thereby be that shown in the embodiments of FIG 5 and 6 Carrier structure T is provided with diaphragms BL, for example, as opaque Surface strips are formed, wherein the support structure T as a movable Element O is executed (see FIG. 7).

Due to the movable support plate T basically two Applications:

Are the aperture areas BL in shape and size of the spaces between adapted to the individual light exit sides of the individual optical elements and correspond beyond the light exit sides D of the individual optical Elements C, for example, by moving the element O by one Period of the angular range can be switched within the on the optical Element incident radiation is reflected, d. H. the transmission behavior of the optical element can by moving the aperture in the area of individual light exit sides of the individual optical elements are reversed.

Furthermore, in the case of a narrower version of the apertures BL than the respective Intermediate area with a corresponding shift the element O to the Lichtaustrittsseiten a targeted suppression of direct radiation with increased Diffuse light transmission can be achieved, especially as the radiation in a given Angle range largely focused on the light exit sides of the respective incident optical elements.

As the spatial distribution of incident on the aperture BL light intensity as well as the reverberation to the outside with change of the Einstrahlrichtungen varies, can by targeted application, for example, a Color bar codes on the aperture BL achieved a directional color effect become. In this way, both the outdoor space effect and the Interior effect of a façade depending on the direction, changing color become.

In the case of diffuse radiation, the appearance of the façade is from the outside strongly dependent on the viewing direction of the viewer. In direct Solar radiation is the external effect of the facade within the Blanking range from the relative angle of incidence to the optical axis of each determined individual optical element. This effect can for example be used that not completely absorbent or opaque occupancy the panels BL in the interior a changeable with the position of the sun color effect the elements can be generated. Similarly, the color temperature in the Interior set by the angular position of the elements to the sun. The Color change can also serve to correct the position of the elements Sun check or as a rule criterion for automatic control be used. In addition, the color design can be conscious as be used as a creative element that the internal and external effect of Facade shapes and a relation between viewing location, line of sight and generated external light conditions.

In principle, it is possible for the linear or arrayed optical Form elements as a horizontal or vertical lamella system, flat in Facades or in roofs, canopies and other roofing too integrate. The use in the interior and exterior, in the space of Double facades or the integration in the space between the panes of Insulating glazing is possible.

FIG. 8 shows a further possible combination of the optical elements C. The formed according to Figure 1 element is connected to a further optical element C in mirror image arrangement as shown combined. Get in this way Light, on the one hand on the light entrance side A from the first solid angle area B falls into the interior of the optical arrangement, on the other hand over the Light entrance side A 'in the first Raumwinkelbreich B' from the arrangement again.

FIG. 9 shows a concrete application form of the invention Device for the interior lighting of an atrium shown. In the energetic optimization of a covered between two buildings 1 covered Atriums 2 is often the task in this, on the one hand the direct To block radiation components in order to avoid overheating in the interior, and on the other hand enough diffuse light to let through lighting. By use of the inventively embodied optical element in the roof surface of the Atriums 2, this can be ensured by the optical element such is aligned that the occurring sun angles do not or at least lie outside the passband or the first solid angle range.

The passing zenith light, which consists of angular areas within the Passage area encounters the element is largely transmitted and occurs the light exit side in the area 4 diffuse.

To the transmission behavior of the invention designed optical Element to improve, as already mentioned in some Embodiments specified, the light exit side of each optical Element with another optically transparent body, such as the Carrier structure T connected. By such optical coupling, the In addition, transmitted light should be redirected in a way that determined Lighting situations is adjusted.

For example, it is possible for the light to be detected using the method shown in FIG. 8 illustrated arrangement for illuminating the interior of the atrium according to FIG 9 incident on the optical elements in the passband, down through the transmitted optical arrangement of Figure 8, whereby the bottom of the atrium in Cone area 4 is illuminated more. If you use an optical Element arrangement according to the embodiment of Figure 6, in which the Carrier structure T has suitable deflection S, so the transmitted Redirected light so that it emerges at a shallower angle. For the in Figure 9 illustrated lighting situation, this means that the interior facades of the atrium 3 are illuminated more strongly.

A further advantageous use of the inventively designed optical element is shown in FIG. Here it is Optical element C according to the invention in a multiple linear arrangement an optical circuit board LE arranged. The light is through the optical PCB LE deflected by total reflection at their surfaces and guided. By the directly adjacent to the surface of the light guide plate LE, With a reflective layer coated aperture BL can also those light components thrown back into the light guide plate LE, the total reflection angle exceed. Preferably, in the arrangement shown in Figure 10 the Apertures BL are not optically coupled to the surface of the light guide plate LE to the To get total reflection for shallower angles. On those surfaces where the optical elements with their light exit sides to the surface of Coupling circuit board LE, light can escape from the light guide targeted. The in the Inside of the optical elements incident light rays undergo Total reflection at the curved side walls of the optical elements one corresponding deflection to the surface normal NO. By this arrangement can specifically light from a light guide plate LE or a light-conducting material be decoupled.

The element can also be used without a light guide as Verblendungsraster by being placed directly in front of a light source.
In this application, not only linear, but also especially 3d structures (rotationally symmetric, cross-cut) make sense.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

A

Light entering side

B

first solid angle range = passband

BL

cover

C

optical element

D

Light output side

e

coating

F

window facade

L

air lock

LE

Light guide plate

T

Carrier plate, carrier substrate

T1

Top of the carrier plate

N

aperture surface

NO

surface normal

1

building

2

Atrium

3

Inside of the building

4

central light cone

5

page range

Claims (16)

1. A device for deflecting light as well as for fading light out for stationary use in a translucent building façade for selective illumination of an interior space having at least two translucent optical elements C, each of which is provided with a plane light entry side A and a light exit side D, which is delimited by a first curved interface and at least one second interface, with the curvature of the first interface being designed in such a manner that rays impinging on the light entry side A from a first solid angle region B and coupling into the optical element C by way of total reflection at the first interface are concentrated on the region of the second solid angle region and that light rays impinging from a second solid angle region on the light entry side A and coupling into the optical element C exit from the optical element C through the first interface,
   wherein the optical elements C are placed linearly or array-like side by side in such a manner that the light exit sides D of the individual optical elements C are spaced apart, and
   a light-reflecting or at least partially light-absorbing means is provided in the intermediate region forming between the light exit sides D.
2. A device according to claim 1,
   wherein the means is a diaphragm BL.
3. A device according to claim 1 or 2,
   wherein the means is a translucent carrier substrate T on whose upper side at least one light-reflecting or at least one partially light-absorbing layer region is applied matching the intermediate region in size and shape.
4. A device according to claim 3,
   wherein the translucent carrier substrate T is joined one-piece with the light exit areas D.
5. A device according to claim 3 or 4,
   wherein the carrier substrate T has an upper side which faces away from the optical elements C and is designed plane or structured.
6. A device according to claim 1,
   wherein the means is a translucent flat element which matches the intermediate region in size and shape and has at least one light-reflecting or at least one light-absorbing region and
   the flat element is movable in relation to the light exit areas D of the optical elements C.
7. A device according to claim 6,
   wherein the shape and size of the intermediate region is the same as the shape and size of the light exit sides D.
8. A device according to claim 6,
   wherein the shape and size of the intermediate region is smaller than the shape and size of the light exit sides D.
9. A device according to one of the claims 3 to 5.
   wherein the light-reflecting and the at least partially light-absorbing layer region is tinted.
10. A device according to one of the claims 6 to 9,
    wherein the light-reflecting or the at least partially light-absorbing region is tinted.
11. A device according to claim 9 or 10.
    wherein the tinting occurs gradually.
12. A device according to claim 9 or 10,
    wherein the tinting occurs in steps with a multiplicity of adjacent colors.
13. Use of the device according to one of the claims 1 to 12 as an interior illumination means which is integrated in a translucent building façade in such a manner that the direct sunlight does not fall in the first solid angle region B but only from the second solid angle region onto the light entry side A.
14. A device according to one of the claims 1 to 12,
    wherein additional optical elements C are placed with their respective light exit sides D mirror-inverted on the light exit sides D of the optical elements C.
15. Use of the device according to claim 14 as an interior illumination means which is integrated in a translucent building façade in such a manner that the light falling in the first solid angle region B onto the light entry side A of the optical elements C which are directed to the sun passes through the arrangement of the optical elements C and exits from the light entry sides A of the optical elements C facing away from the sun in the same manner within its first solid angle region B.
16. A device according to one of the claims 1 to 12,
    wherein the light exit sides D of the optical elements C are optically coupled to a surface of a light-conducting body LE.

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