EP1201986A2 - Light deflection and deviation device for stationary use on a building façade for selective indoor illumination - Google Patents

Abstract

The light deflection and shading device has optical elements (C) arranged adjacent to each other in a row or in an array so that the light output sides (D) of the individual optical elements are at a distance apart and a light reflective or at least partially light absorbing material is arranged in the gaps between light output surfaces.

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to a device for redirecting light as well
- Suppression for stationary use in a translucent building facade for the targeted illumination of an interior with at least one translucent optical element, which provides a light entry side and a light exit side which is defined by a first curved interface and at least by a second interface, the curvature the first interface is designed such that light rays that strike the light entry side from a first solid angle area and couple into the optical element are concentrated in the way of total reflection at the first interface onto the area of the second interface and that light rays that come from a second solid angle area impinge on the light entry side and couple into the optical element, exit the optical element through the first interface.

State of the art

The invention relates to an element that is used in open and closed spaces Sun protection element and can be used as a light directing element. The Today 's lighting and thermal requirements for buildings, especially in The area of office use, particularly in the case of computer workstations, is high Requirements for sun protection and daylight supply Jobs. Many buildings meet these requirements sensor-controlled, tracking blind systems for use. This occurs in addition to undesirable interference effects due to the permanent readjustment of such Systems also face the problem that when the sun is low the interior is darkened too much and the use of artificial light is required.

Thanks to transparent prismatic sun protection elements, the direct Radiation portion of the sun can be reflected back effectively and at the same time a high residual light transmission of the diffuse sky light can be achieved, so that the space shaded by means of prismatic sun protection elements does not close must be darkened. However, for effective sun protection To ensure all occurring sun angles, prismatic systems must be used are also precisely tracked to the current position of the sun, as the Prism structure the radiation incident on this only within a small Angle range reflected. The technical effort for such a system is accordingly high.

Prismatic systems also have those that are often perceived as disadvantageous or disturbing Property that the radiation spectrally in when passing through the prism different directions is split, causing a color decomposition in the visible range of radiation occurs.

Another problem with the use of prismatic elements is common in that the radiation reflected by the prismatic element is reflected back into the exterior. This can happen when using such Elements in facade areas of buildings to glare problems in the Lead around the building. An overview of the development so far is in the OTTI Energy College: 1.-6. Conference proceedings "Innovative lighting technology in buildings" compiled.

By using so-called light-transparent CPC structures (compound Parabolic Concentrators) can be the angle of incidence range within which the direct sunlight is reflected back into the incidence half-space, in contrast to prismatic systems due to the shape within one wide angle range can be adjusted. So on the basis of such CPC structures also non-moving, stationary systems are manufactured that one effective sun protection and at the same time high diffuse light transmission allow. Such a system that is based on transparent, CPC structures stationary, seasonally effective sun protection can be used in the Published patent application DE 196 13 222 A1.

The device shown in the above publication serves the targeted Shadowing from sunlight that is on translucent building facades Interior lighting hits. The basis of the known device, Due to the spatial geometry, the optical principle of operation is one that turns sunlight around or. fading optical element is given and is based on the light concentration as well as the light deflection of solar radiation within a defined angle of incidence range, d. H. the optical element can do all of them Focus sun rays coming from a given first Solid angle range fall on the optical element and all others Sun rays are redirected accordingly. For a more detailed explanation, go to referred to Figure 2, in which the principle of operation of the known optical Element is shown. Figure 2 shows four shown in longitudinal section, optical elements C arranged next to one another, each having a common one Light entry side A have. Each individual optical element C points continuously curved side walls, each with a flat design Complete light exit side D. The optical element C can either be uniaxial cut linearly as well as rotationally symmetrical or biaxially or diagonally be formed. The curvature of the side walls of the optical element C is formed in such a way that light rays that come from a Impact solid angle range B, by total reflection on the side surfaces in the Be concentrated inside the optical element on the light exit side D. The light exit side D is provided with a coating E which blocks the radiation either absorbed or reflected back into the inlet half-space B. To this In this way, all light rays that come from the solid angle range B to the Strike light entry side of the respective optical element C before unhindered passage through the optical element C, they will consequently specifically hidden. Light rays that are directed onto the light entry side A encounter that lie outside the solid angle D, however, get into the optical element C and emerge from the side walls of the element and experience a redirection or fanning out.

Are such optical elements correspondingly along a translucent Building facade F attached, as shown in Figure 3, so the optical elements, the light rays incident on the light entry side to redirect, reflect or absorb accordingly. In Figure 3 are Possibilities for a corresponding light deflection through the optical element a building facade F shown. Depending on the orientation of the optical elements compared to the incident light rays, light rays can thus be targeted into the Redirected the interior of buildings or back into the free atmosphere be reflected.

However, the known device described above has the disadvantage that it with appropriate attachment to a translucent building facade, none Has transparency properties, which makes their use straight in Window areas is unattractive.

Presentation of the invention

The invention has for its object a device for redirecting light and blanking for stationary use with a translucent Building facade for targeted lighting of an interior with at least one translucent optical element, according to the preamble of claim 1 to further develop in such a way that the linear or optical elements arranged in an array should exist therethrough. In particular it is a simple and inexpensive device for light suppression as well as specifying light deflection.

The object underlying the invention is achieved in claim 1 specified. Features which advantageously further develop the idea of the invention Subject of the subclaims and the rest of the description in particular with reference to the embodiments.

According to the invention, a device for light deflection and suppression is for stationary use with a translucent building facade for targeted Illumination of an interior with at least two translucent optical Elements formed according to the preamble of claim 1 such that the optical elements are arranged next to each other in such a linear or array-like manner, that the light exit sides of the individual optical elements from each other are spaced, and that in the between the light exit sides intermediate area forming a light reflecting or at least partially light absorbing means is provided.

By providing the light reflecting or at least partially or partially light-absorbing agents, not as in the case of the German patent application DE 196 13 222 A1 directly in the area of the light exit side, but in the Intermediate areas that extend from the respective light exit sides of the linear or optical elements arranged in an array are included specifically hiding that light on the light entry side of the individual optical elements from the second solid angle range. Light that on the other hand within the first solid angle range to the respective one The light entry side of the optical elements arrives almost unhindered Light exit side at which it emerges from the optical element accordingly can. This ensures that the optical element at least on the surfaces the light exit side is completely transparent, provided that the The light entry and exit sides are flat and parallel.

Brief description of the invention

Figur 1

Längsschnitt durch vier linear nebeneinander angeordnete optische Elemente,

Figur 2

Darstellung zum Stand der Technik,

Figur 3

Darstellung zum Stand der Technik,

Figur 4

schematische Darstellung zur Durchsicht,

Figur 5

optische Elemente mit transparentem Zusatzkörper,

Figur 6

optische Elemente mit optisch transparentem Zusatzkörper mit reliefartig ausgebildeten Strukturen,

Figur 7

optische Elemente mit bewegbarem Zusatzkörper,

Figur 8

spiegelbildliche Anordnung von optischen Elementen,

Figur 9

schematisierte Darstellung zur Beleuchtung des Innenraums eines Atriums sowie

Figur 10

optische Elemente in Kontakt zu einem lichtleitenden Körper.

The invention is described below by way of example without limitation of the general inventive concept using exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawing. Show it:

Figure 1

Longitudinal section through four optical elements arranged linearly next to each other,

Figure 2

State of the art representation,

Figure 3

State of the art representation,

Figure 4

schematic representation for review,

Figure 5

optical elements with transparent additional body,

Figure 6

optical elements with optically transparent additional body with relief-like structures,

Figure 7

optical elements with movable additional body,

Figure 8

mirror-image arrangement of optical elements,

Figure 9

schematic representation of the lighting of the interior of an atrium as well

Figure 10

optical elements in contact with a light-guiding body.

WAYS OF CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION, INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section through four linearly arranged side by side optical elements C, the light entry sides A each in a uniform Level. The light entry sides A are free Light exit sides D arranged, none compared to the prior art have light-absorbing layer. Rather are in the intermediate areas between the light exit sides D light-absorbing or reflecting means, For example, provided in the form of diaphragms BL, the light from the side of the Light entry side falls on the screens BL, absorb or into the light entry space reflect back again. In particular, this applies to those light components that affect the Light entry sides of the optical elements from the second solid angle range come to mind. If, on the other hand, light fails within the first solid angle range, that is area B (see FIG. 2), on the optical elements, these become Light components transmitted through the optical element with almost no loss. The The essential advantage of the optical elements shown in FIG. 1 is the possibility a direct view through the optical elements, at least in the area of their Light exit surfaces D. This relationship is shown graphically in FIG. at vertical arrangement of a plurality of arrayed optical elements for example within a window element, it is for an observer in the interior I possible, through the light exit sides of the respective optical elements to the outside to see (passband). However, sunlight falls on the outside Light entry sides of the optical elements within the second Solid angle range, the so-called Ausbelendbereich, this is Sunlight hidden by the presence of the BL aperture.

FIG. 5 shows a further embodiment for a linear or array-shaped one Arrangement consisting of a plurality of optical elements C shown. The individual optical elements C have a uniform light entry side A and are with their respective light emission sides with a transparent Carrier substrate T connected. The preferably plate-shaped, optical transparent carrier substrate T, which is preferably in one piece with the optical Elements C is connected, facing away from the optical elements Side on a flat, flat surface T1. Together with the also plan trained light entry side A is at least in the area of the light exit sides of the individual optical elements C the direct view through the optical Given order.

In the spaces in which the panels BL are provided Air inclusions L are provided if the arrangement is array-shaped. The Diaphragms BL themselves preferably have on their side facing the light entry side Surface on a reflective layer so that the incident on it Sunlight is reflected back into the entrance half space. In contrast, can individually design the visible surface N of the BL panels facing the interior be colored, so that on the one hand the visual attractiveness of the whole Optical arrangement is improved and the transparency properties of can be improved inside out.

For individual light transmission from the first solid angle range, the Passage area, light incident on the optical elements into the interior is the transparent support structure T on its side facing the interior preferably with surface structures S according to FIG. 6. The Surface structures S can do this through the light exit sides in the Carrier substrate T to direct incident light into the interior, for example. for the purpose of targeted optical room lighting.

This also extends the possible uses of the optical elements be that shown in the embodiments of Figures 5 and 6 Support structure T is provided with diaphragms BL, for example as opaque Surface strips are formed, the support structure T as a movable Element O is executed (see Figure 7).

The movable support plate T basically results in two Applications:

Are the aperture areas BL in shape and size to the spaces between adapted to the individual light exit sides of the individual optical elements and also correspond to the light exit sides D of the individual optical Elements C, for example by moving element O by one Period of the angular range can be switched within which the to the optical Element incident radiation is reflected, d. H. the transmission behavior of the optical element can be moved by moving the aperture in the area of individual light exit sides of the individual optical elements are reversed.

Furthermore, in the case of a narrower design of the diaphragms BL than the respective one Intermediate area with a corresponding shift, the element O compared to Light exit sides a targeted suppression of direct radiation with increased Diffuse light transmission can be achieved, especially since the radiation in a certain Angular range largely focused on the light exit sides of the respective optical elements occurs.

Since the spatial distribution of the light intensity incident on the diaphragms BL as well as the retroreflection into the outside space with a change of Irradiation directions can be varied, for example, by targeted application Color stripe codes on the panels BL achieve a direction-dependent color effect become. In this way, both the outside effect and the Interior effect of a facade changes color depending on the direction become.

With diffuse radiation, the appearance of the facade is from the outside strongly depends on the viewer's line of sight. With direct Sun exposure will affect the exterior appearance of the facade within the Masking area from the relative angle of incidence to the optical axis of each individual optical element determined. This effect can be used, for example be used that with not completely absorbent or opaque coating the BL panels in the interior have a color effect that varies with the position of the sun of the elements can be created. Similarly, the color temperature in the Interior can be set by the angular position of the elements to the sun. The Color change can also serve to ensure the correct position of the elements Check sun or as a control criterion for automatic control be used. In addition, the color scheme can be deliberately considered design element can be used that the inside and outside effect of Facade and a relationship between the viewing location, viewing direction and generated external lighting conditions.

Basically, it is possible to use the linear or array-shaped optical Design elements as a horizontal or vertical slat system, flat in Facades or in roofs, canopies and other roofs integrate. Use indoors and outdoors, in the space between Double facades or the integration in the space between the panes of Insulating glazing is possible.

Figure 8 shows another possible combination of the optical elements C. Das 1 designed with another optical element C in mirror-image arrangement combined as shown. That way Light, on the one hand, via the light entry side A from the first solid angle range B falls into the interior of the optical arrangement, otherwise via the Light entry side A 'in the first solid angle region B' from the arrangement again.

FIG. 9 shows a specific form of application of the one designed according to the invention Device for the interior lighting of an atrium shown. In the energetic optimization of a roofed between two buildings 1 Atriums 2 often involve direct tasks Block radiation components to prevent overheating in the interior, and on the other hand, let enough diffuse light through for lighting. Through commitment of the optical element designed according to the invention in the roof surface of the Atriums 2 this can be ensured by the optical element in such a way is aligned that the occurring sun angle is not or at least lie outside the passband or the first solid angle range.

The passing zenith light that comes from angular areas within the Passband meets the element, is largely transmitted and occurs the light exit side in area 4 diffuse.

To the transmission behavior of the optical designed according to the invention Improving element is as in some above Specified embodiments, the light exit side of each individual optical Element with another optically transparent body, such as the Support structure T connected. Such an optical coupling can transmitted light can also be redirected in a way that determines Lighting situations is adjusted.

For example, it is possible for the light to be generated using the light source shown in FIG. 8 shown arrangement for illuminating the interior of the atrium according to the figure 9, which is incident on the optical elements in the pass region, down through the 8 transmitted, whereby the bottom of the atrium in the Cone area 4 is illuminated more. However, if you use an optical one Element arrangement according to the embodiment of Figure 6, in which the Carrier structure T has suitable deflecting structures S, so that is transmitted Light deflected in such a way that it emerges at a shallow angle. For those in Figure 9 illustrated lighting situation, this means that the interior facades of the atrium 3 are illuminated more intensely.

Another advantageous use of the designed according to the invention optical element is shown in Figure 10. Here is that optical element C according to the invention in a multiple linear arrangement an optical circuit board LE arranged. The light is through the optical Circuit board LE deflected on its surfaces by means of total reflection and guided. Due to the fact that it is in direct contact with the surface of the light guide plate LE, those light components can also be coated with a reflective layer BL be thrown back into the light guide plate LE, which is the total reflection angle exceed. Preferably, in the arrangement shown in FIG Apertures BL are not optically coupled to the surface of the light guide plate LE in order to To get total reflection for shallower angles. On those surfaces where the optical elements with their light emission sides to the surface of the Coupling the LE circuit board, light can escape from the light guide in a targeted manner. The in that Inside of the optical elements incident light rays experience through Total reflection on the curved side walls of the optical elements corresponding diversion to the surface normal NO. This arrangement can targeted light from a light guide plate LE or a light-guiding material be coupled out.

The element can also be used as an anti-glare louvre without a light guide by placing it directly in front of a light source.
In this application, not only linear, but also particularly 3d structures (rotationally symmetrical, cut crosswise) are useful.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

A

Light entering side

B

first solid angle range = passband

BL

cover

C

optical element

D

Light output side

e

coating

F

window facade

L

air lock

LE

Light guide plate

T

Carrier plate, carrier substrate

T1

Top of the carrier plate

N

aperture surface

NO

surface normal

1

building

2

Atrium

3

Inside of the building

4

central cone of light

5

page range

Claims (16)

Device for deflecting and hiding light for stationary use in a translucent building facade for the targeted illumination of an interior with at least two translucent optical elements, each of which has a flat light entry side and a light exit side that extends from a first curved interface and at least from a second interface is limited, wherein the curvature of the first interface is designed such that light rays that strike the light entry side from a first solid angle region and couple into the optical element are concentrated on the region of the second interface by way of total reflection at the first interface, and that light rays which impinge on the light entry side from a second solid angle region and couple into the optical element and exit the optical element through the first interface,
characterized in that the optical elements are arranged next to one another in a linear or array-shaped manner such that the light exit sides of the individual optical elements are spaced apart from one another, and in that a light-reflecting or at least partially light-absorbing means is provided in the intermediate region formed between the light exit sides. Device according to claim 1,
characterized in that the agent is an aperture. Device according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that the agent is a translucent carrier substrate, on the top of which is adapted in shape and size to the intermediate region, at least one light-reflecting or at least one partially light-absorbing layer region is applied. Device according to claim 3,
characterized in that the translucent carrier substrate is integrally connected to the light exit surfaces. Device according to claim 3 or 4,
characterized in that the carrier substrate has an upper side facing away from the optical elements, which is flat or structured. Device according to claim 1,
characterized in that the means is a translucent surface element, which is adapted in shape and size to the intermediate region, has at least one light-reflecting or at least partially light-absorbing region, and that the surface element is displaceable relative to the light exit surfaces of the optical elements. Apparatus according to claim 6,
characterized in that the shape and size of the intermediate area is equal to the shape and size of the light exit sides. Apparatus according to claim 6,
characterized in that the shape and size of the intermediate area is smaller than the shape and size of the light exit sides. Device according to one of claims 3 to 5,
characterized in that the light-reflecting or the at least partially light-absorbing layer area is colored. Device according to one of claims 6 to 9,
characterized in that the light-reflecting or at least partially light-absorbing area is colored. Device according to claim 9 or 10,
characterized in that the coloring takes place gradually. Device according to claim 9 or 10,
characterized in that the coloring is done in stages, with several adjacent colors. Use of the device according to one of claims 1 to 12 as Interior lighting means that in a translucent building facade is integrated that the direct sunlight is not in the first solid angle range, but only from the second solid angle area to the light entry side incident. Device according to one of claims 1 to 12,
characterized in that further optical elements with their respective light exit sides are arranged in mirror image on the light exit sides of the optical elements. Use of the device according to claim 14 as Interior lighting means that in a translucent building facade is integrated that in the first solid angle area on the light entry side of the light directed towards the sun through the arrangement of the optical elements passes through and from the light entry sides of the sun facing optical elements in the same way within their first Solid angle area emerges. Device according to one of claims 1 to 12,
characterized in that the light exit sides of the optical elements are optically coupled to a surface of a light-guiding body.

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