EP1200712A1 - Moteur a combustion interne a mouvement alternatif, a mecanisme de manivelle hypocycloide - Google Patents

Moteur a combustion interne a mouvement alternatif, a mecanisme de manivelle hypocycloide

Info

Publication number
EP1200712A1
EP1200712A1 EP00956183A EP00956183A EP1200712A1 EP 1200712 A1 EP1200712 A1 EP 1200712A1 EP 00956183 A EP00956183 A EP 00956183A EP 00956183 A EP00956183 A EP 00956183A EP 1200712 A1 EP1200712 A1 EP 1200712A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
eccentric
annular member
engine
auxiliary
cylinder
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP00956183A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Andrea Titolo
Michele Anselmo
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fiat Auto SpA
Original Assignee
Fiat Auto SpA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fiat Auto SpA filed Critical Fiat Auto SpA
Publication of EP1200712A1 publication Critical patent/EP1200712A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B9/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by connections between pistons and main shafts and not specific to preceding groups
    • F01B9/02—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by connections between pistons and main shafts and not specific to preceding groups with crankshaft
    • F01B9/026—Rigid connections between piston and rod; Oscillating pistons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/32—Engines characterised by connections between pistons and main shafts and not specific to preceding main groups

Definitions

  • crank mechanism is intended to define a particular type of crank mechanism in which, unlike conventional connecting-rod and crank mechanisms in which each piston is articulated to a connecting rod by means of a pin, each piston is fixed, by means of a rod, to an annular member in which an intermediate element is rotatable, the intermediate element in turn being mounted rotatably in an eccentric position relative to a crank pin of the drive shaft.
  • the eccentric intermediate element rotates, as a result of the rotation of the drive shaft, with an angular velocity equal to that of the drive shaft but in the opposite direction, since its centre of rotation always coincides with the axis of the respective crank pin.
  • hypocycloid crank mechanisms enable considerable advantages to be achieved in comparison with conventional crank mechanisms .
  • the pistons may be partially or wholly without skirts .
  • an engine of this type has a simpler structure than conventional engines and also has the advantage of being more compact, enabling visibility from the passenger compartment of a vehicle in which it is mounted to be improved and allowing the designer greater stylistic freedom.
  • the life of the engine is also increased in comparison with engines with conventional crank mechanisms by virtue of the fact that the engine is subject to fewer vibrations since inertial forces and torques of orders higher than the 1st order are absent and the engine is also consequently less noisy.
  • the invention relates to a reciprocating internal combustion engine comprising a crankshaft mounted so as to be rotatable relative to the engine block and having at least one crank with which a piston is associated for sliding, as a result of the rotation of the crankshaft, in a cylinder connected to the block, each piston being connected to the respective crank by means of a hypocycloid crank-mechanism device including a principal eccentric mounted rotatably in an eccentric position relative to the crank and surrounded by a principal annular member which is rotatable coaxially relative to the principal eccentric and from which a connecting element of the respective piston extends .
  • an engine of the type indicated above has various advantages in comparison with conventional engines , it may be affected by a disadvantage which is that, when the engine is operating in lightly loaded conditions, for example, during the starting-up or stopping of the engine, and when a piston is close to the middle of its stroke in the respective cylinder, a condition of instability arises which may lead to stoppage of the engine .
  • the subject of the invention is an engine of the type defined above, characterized in that an auxiliary eccentric is connected rigidly to each principal eccentric, the auxiliary eccentric being mounted so as to be diametrally offset relative to the respective principal eccentric and being surrounded by an auxiliary annular member rotatable coaxially relative to the auxiliary eccentric and associated with rectilinear guide means connected to the block so as to be slidable along an axis substantially transverse the axis of the cylinder.
  • the engine according to the invention is free of any condition of instability in operation so that any possibility of stoppages occurring in operation is avoided, enabling optimal reversibility to be achieved between the rectilinear motion of the pistons within the respective cylinders and the rotary motion of the drive shaft .
  • each annular member connected to a respective piston has additional guide means for guiding its movement along an axis parallel to the axis of the respective cylinder, the additional guide means including a rod parallel to the axis of the respective cylinder, disposed inside the block, and engaged for sliding by a bush fixed to the respective annular member.
  • the operation of the engine according to the invention is particularly reliable and precise even if, after many operating cycles, play in its elements such as to introduce possible unreliability in their relative positioning may arise.
  • Figure 1 is a sectioned side elevational view of a first embodiment of the engine according to the invention
  • Figure 2 is a front elevational view of a portion of the engine of Figure 1, sectioned on the line II-II of Figure 1,
  • Figure 3 is a side elevational view of a detail indicated by the arrow III of Figure 1,
  • Figure 4 is a front elevational view of the detail of Figure 3, sectioned on the line IV of Figure 3,
  • Figure 5 is a view similar to Figure 1 of a variant of the engine of Figure 1,
  • Figure 6 is a sectioned side elevational view of another embodiment of the engine according to the invention.
  • Figure 7 is a view similar to Figure 6 of a variant of the engine of Figure 6
  • Figure 8 is a sectioned side view of another embodiment of the engine according to the invention
  • Figure 9 is a front view sectioned on the line IX-IX of Figure 8 .
  • Figures 10 and 11 are views similar to Figures 8 and 9, respectively, showing a variant of the engine of Figures 8 and 9,
  • Figure 12 is a sectioned side view of another embodiment of the engine according to the invention.
  • Figure 13 is a front view sectioned on the line XIII-XIII of Figure 12 .
  • Figure 14 is a sectioned side view of another embodiment of the engine according to the invention.
  • Figure 15 is a front view sectioned on the line XV-XV of Figure 14.
  • an internal combustion engine according to the invention is generally indicated 1.
  • the engine 1 comprises a block 2 which supports for rotation, by means of crankshaft bearings 3, a crankshaft 4 having a plurality of cranks 4a, preferably formed integrally with the shaft 4.
  • the block 2 has a cylinder 5a in which a respective piston 6a is mounted for sliding, the piston being formed so as to have substantially only a crown and a small peripheral annular portion which is in contact with the lining of the cylinder 5a and is sufficient to accommodate a pair of piston rings, typically a split ring and an oil-scraper ring.
  • the piston 6a is connected to the crank 4a by means of a so-called hypocycloid crank mechanism which is intended to convert the rectilinear reciprocating motion of the piston 6a in the cylinder 5a into a rotary motion of the crankshaft 4.
  • the piston 6a is connected rigidly, by means of a rod-like connecting element 7a, to an annular member 8a in which an intermediate element 10a is mounted rotatably, the intermediate element 10a having, in an eccentric position, a hole 11 in which the respective crank 4a of the shaft 4 is mounted rotatably.
  • the piston 6a may be formed as an element separate from the connecting element 7a and may be connected thereto by means of a pair of parallel pins engaging respective holes formed in a corresponding end of the element 7a and a pair of seats formed in a inner surface portion of the piston 6a .
  • the piston 6a may be formed integrally with the connecting element 7a.
  • auxiliary intermediate element 10b Connected rigidly to the intermediate element 10a is another, auxiliary intermediate element 10b of substantially identical shape but offset therefrom diametrally relative to the hole 11, the hole 11 being common to the two elements 10a and 10b and having the same crank 4a of the shaft 4 extending through it.
  • the element 10b in turn is surrounded by an auxiliary annular element 8b connected by means of a respective connecting element 7b to another piston 6b mounted for sliding in a cylinder 5b which is also fixed to the block 2.
  • the cylinder 5b is arranged at an inclination of between 60° and 120° to the cylinder 5a so that the cylinder 5b constitutes a guide for the movement of the piston 6b, the guide being disposed predominantly transversely or having a substantially transverse component relative to the axis of the cylinder 5a, that is, to the axis of movement of the piston 6a.
  • the auxiliary cylinder 5b constitutes a device for guiding the movement of the auxiliary annular member 8b along an axis predominantly transverse the axis of the cylinder 5a.
  • the engine 1 thus has the structure of an engine with a V- shaped cylinder configuration with an inclination of between 60° and 120°, usable in engines, for example, with four, six or eight cylinders .
  • the axis of the cylinder 5b is preferably inclined at 90° to the axis of the cylinder 5a so that the engine 1 is a 90° V- shaped engine .
  • both of the pistons 6a and 6b of the pair of adjacent cylinders 5a and 5b are connected to the same crank 4a of the shaft 4 by means of respective hypocycloid crank mechanisms, the respective intermediate eccentric elements 10a, 10b being mutually offset by 180° so that each piston constitutes a rectilinear guide element for guiding the movement of the respective annular member along an axis substantially transverse the axis of the other cylinder.
  • the unit composed of the intermediate members 10a and 10b is advantageously formed in two pieces each of which defines one half of the hole 11 and which can be connected to one another by means of screws 12, facilitating assembly and dismantling of the hypocycloid crank-mechanism device.
  • annular member 8a has a bush 15a the axis of which is arranged parallel to the respective connecting element 7a and which is engaged for sliding on a guide rod 17a fixed to the block 2.
  • the annular member 8b also has a bush 15b the axis of which is parallel to that of the respective connecting element 7b and which is engaged for sliding on a respective guide rod 17b, also fixed to the block 2.
  • Figure 6 shows an in-line engine lb, for example, of the type with four cylinders, in which the auxiliary annular member 8b is connected rigidly by means of the connecting element 7b to a respective bush 19 which is engaged for sliding on a guide rod 20 fixed to the block 2 externally and protected from the outside atmosphere by an external fairing 21.
  • the unit constituted by the rod 20 and by the bush 19 constitutes a kind of "false cylinder" which is in a V-shaped arrangement relative to the cylinder 5a and the function of which is again that of constituting a guide transverse the axis of the cylinder 5a for the movement of the auxiliary annular member 8b.
  • Figure 7 shows a variant of the engine of Figure 6, which is indicated lc, and in which the annular members 8a and 8b have additional guides in a similar manner to the embodiment shown in Figure 5.
  • the member 8a and the member 8b have respective bushes 15a, 15b, each of which is engaged for sliding on a respective guide rod 17a, 17b fixed to the block along an axis parallel to the axis of the respective connecting element 7a, 7b.
  • Figures 8 and 9 show another embodiment of the engine according to the invention which can be used to produce an engine with 4 cylinders in line.
  • the auxiliary annular member 8b has a pair of arms 7c which are parallel to one another and to the axis of the connecting element 7a and which extend from the principal annular member 8a; respective coaxial bushes 19a are fixed to the ends of the arms 7c and both bushes 19a engage a common guide rod 20a fixed inside the block 2 along an axis perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder 5a.
  • Figures 10 and 11 show a variant of the embodiment of Figures 8 and 9 in which the respective engine, which is indicated le, comprises additional means for guiding the movement of the annular members 8a and 8b in a similar manner to the variants of Figures 5 and 7.
  • the additional guide means include a bush 15a fixed to the principal annular member 8a and mounted for sliding along a guide rod 17a fixed to the block 2 in a position parallel to the axis of the cylinder 5a.
  • Figures 12 and 13 show a further embodiment of the engine according to the invention which is indicated If and which can be used to produce a two-cylinder in-line engine.
  • a pair of pistons 6a is associated with the same crank pin 4a on which a pair of respective principal eccentric members 10a is mounted rotatably, each of the principal eccentric members 10a being surrounded, in a rotatable manner, by a respective principal annular member 8a.
  • a common auxiliary eccentric member 10b is fixed to each of the eccentric members 8a in a position diametrally offset by 180° and is disposed in an intermediate position between the principal eccentric members 10a, surrounded by an auxiliary annular member 8b having a pair of bushes 19b arranged in diametrally opposed positions and engaging respective parallel guide rods 20b fixed to the block 2 in positions transverse the axes of the two cylinders 5a.
  • FIGs 14 and 15 show a further embodiment of an engine according to the invention, generally indicated lg, which is similar to that shown in Figures 12 and 13 and is intended to be used to produce an engine with 4 cylinders in line .
  • each of the pistons 6a is associated with a respective crank 4a on which the unit formed by the principal eccentric member 10a and the auxiliary eccentric member 10b is mounted rotatably.
  • the latter member is rotatable inside an auxiliary annular member 8b which has a pair of bushes 19b fixed in diametrally opposed positions, each for engaging a respective guide rod 20b fixed inside the block 2 in a position transverse the axis of the cylinders 5a .

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un moteur à combustion interne à mouvement alternatif, comprenant un bras de manivelle (4) qui tourne par rapport à un bloc moteur (2), et au moins une manivelle (4a) associée à un piston (6a), de façon à coulisser dans un cylindre (5a) relié audit bloc (2). Chacun des pistons (6a) est relié à une manivelle (4a) au moyen d'un dispositif de mécanisme de manivelle hypocycloïde. Ce dispositif comprend un excentrique principal (10a) qui tourne de manière excentrique par rapport à ladite manivelle (4a), et est entouré par un élément annulaire (8a) principal qui tourne de manière coaxiale par rapport audit excentrique principal, et à partir duquel s'étend un élément de connexion (7a) du piston (6a).
EP00956183A 1999-07-16 2000-07-13 Moteur a combustion interne a mouvement alternatif, a mecanisme de manivelle hypocycloide Withdrawn EP1200712A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITTO990630 IT1310116B1 (it) 1999-07-16 1999-07-16 Perfezionamenti relativi ai motori alternativi a combustione internaprovvisti di un manovellismo ipocicloidale.
ITTO990630 1999-07-16
PCT/EP2000/006704 WO2001006092A1 (fr) 1999-07-16 2000-07-13 Moteur a combustion interne a mouvement alternatif, a mecanisme de manivelle hypocycloide

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1200712A1 true EP1200712A1 (fr) 2002-05-02

Family

ID=11417975

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00956183A Withdrawn EP1200712A1 (fr) 1999-07-16 2000-07-13 Moteur a combustion interne a mouvement alternatif, a mecanisme de manivelle hypocycloide

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1200712A1 (fr)
IT (1) IT1310116B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2001006092A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8894530B1 (en) 2009-04-27 2014-11-25 Thomas M. Read Hypocycloidal crank apparatus

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100436779C (zh) * 2004-08-18 2008-11-26 何观龙 一种内燃机活塞零侧压技术及装置
US7640910B2 (en) * 2006-03-16 2010-01-05 Achates Power, Inc Opposed piston internal-combustion engine with hypocycloidal drive and generator apparatus
CN203809627U (zh) * 2013-12-12 2014-09-03 北京中清能发动机技术有限公司 一种曲柄圆滑块机构及一种柱塞泵

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3927593A1 (de) * 1989-08-22 1991-02-28 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Hubgetriebe, insbesondere fuer hubkolbenmaschinen
DE4035139A1 (de) * 1990-11-06 1992-05-07 Josef Brucher Exzenterwellenschieber
US5503038A (en) * 1994-04-01 1996-04-02 Aquino; Giovanni Free floating multiple eccentric device
DE19509155A1 (de) * 1995-03-14 1996-09-19 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Hypozykloidisches Kurbelgetriebe für Hubkolbenmaschinen, insbesondere für Brennkraftmaschinen mit gegenüberliegenden Zylinderreihen
FI2718U1 (fi) * 1996-05-29 1997-01-21 Ismo Haeyrynen Mäntämekanismi

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO0106092A1 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8894530B1 (en) 2009-04-27 2014-11-25 Thomas M. Read Hypocycloidal crank apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT1310116B1 (it) 2002-02-11
ITTO990630A1 (it) 2001-01-16
WO2001006092A1 (fr) 2001-01-25

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