EP1198622A1 - Procede de preparation de derives organozinciques par voie electrochimique associee a une catalyse par des sels de cobalt - Google Patents
Procede de preparation de derives organozinciques par voie electrochimique associee a une catalyse par des sels de cobaltInfo
- Publication number
- EP1198622A1 EP1198622A1 EP00949601A EP00949601A EP1198622A1 EP 1198622 A1 EP1198622 A1 EP 1198622A1 EP 00949601 A EP00949601 A EP 00949601A EP 00949601 A EP00949601 A EP 00949601A EP 1198622 A1 EP1198622 A1 EP 1198622A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cobalt
- use according
- advantageously
- zinc
- solvent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 150000001868 cobalt Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 4
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 title description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 19
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- -1 nitπle Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 15
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical group [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000074 antimony hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002466 imines Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- OUULRIDHGPHMNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N stibane Chemical compound [SbH3] OUULRIDHGPHMNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims 2
- 125000002490 anilino group Chemical group [H]N(*)C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001502 aryl halides Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1=CC=CC=C1 JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 235000017168 chlorine Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001174 sulfone group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 3
- XGLVDUUYFKXKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-n,n-bis[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]ethanamine Chemical compound COCCOCCN(CCOCCOC)CCOCCOC XGLVDUUYFKXKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical compound C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052798 chalcogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001787 chalcogens Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical class Cl* 0.000 description 2
- 235000019000 fluorine Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000002560 nitrile group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000002829 nitrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000005010 perfluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000003880 polar aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003222 pyridines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 2
- VNDYJBBGRKZCSX-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc bromide Chemical compound Br[Zn]Br VNDYJBBGRKZCSX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- AVQQQNCBBIEMEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,3,3-tetramethylurea Chemical compound CN(C)C(=O)N(C)C AVQQQNCBBIEMEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FPPLREPCQJZDAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpentanedinitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)CCC#N FPPLREPCQJZDAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004070 6 membered heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc dication Chemical compound [Zn+2] PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVVCDLLKIBUISQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetonitrile;pyridine Chemical compound CC#N.C1=CC=NC=C1 BVVCDLLKIBUISQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- BTGRAWJCKBQKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N adiponitrile Chemical compound N#CCCCCC#N BTGRAWJCKBQKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- VMPVEPPRYRXYNP-UHFFFAOYSA-I antimony(5+);pentachloride Chemical compound Cl[Sb](Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl VMPVEPPRYRXYNP-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001500 aryl chlorides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005841 biaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001246 bromo group Chemical class Br* 0.000 description 1
- JHRWWRDRBPCWTF-OLQVQODUSA-N captafol Chemical compound C1C=CC[C@H]2C(=O)N(SC(Cl)(Cl)C(Cl)Cl)C(=O)[C@H]21 JHRWWRDRBPCWTF-OLQVQODUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003983 crown ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000950 dibromo group Chemical group Br* 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZTOMUSMDRMJOTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N glutaronitrile Chemical compound N#CCCCC#N ZTOMUSMDRMJOTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LLEVMYXEJUDBTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptanedinitrile Chemical compound N#CCCCCCC#N LLEVMYXEJUDBTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- GNOIPBMMFNIUFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylphosphoric triamide Chemical compound CN(C)P(=O)(N(C)C)N(C)C GNOIPBMMFNIUFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- YAMHXTCMCPHKLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1NCCN1 YAMHXTCMCPHKLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- SNHMUERNLJLMHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodobenzene Chemical compound IC1=CC=CC=C1 SNHMUERNLJLMHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- NWKYZYGOSPOKDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylformamide;pyridine Chemical compound CN(C)C=O.C1=CC=NC=C1 NWKYZYGOSPOKDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BTNXBLUGMAMSSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanedinitrile Chemical compound N#CCCCCCCC#N BTNXBLUGMAMSSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002923 oximes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003138 primary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000009666 routine test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005207 tetraalkylammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000003577 thiophenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940102001 zinc bromide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940006486 zinc cation Drugs 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B3/00—Electrolytic production of organic compounds
- C25B3/01—Products
- C25B3/13—Organo-metallic compounds
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a new process for the synthesis of aryl organozinc derivatives. It relates more particularly to the synthesis of aryl organozinc derivatives by electrolytic route, in the catalytic presence of the cobalt element.
- organozincics especially aryl organozincics
- the reactivity of organozincics, especially aryl organozincics has many specificities which would make them particularly interesting in many organic synthesis operations.
- their access is difficult and often they are prepared from organometallics made with more electronegative, that is to say more reducing, metals.
- most techniques require the use of very aprotic and in particular very dry media.
- reactions of organozinc synthesis by an electrolytic route present the risk of two parasitic reactions, on the one hand, the reduction reaction to give a hydrogenated derivative and on the other hand, a coupling reaction (formation of biaryl).
- one of the aims of the present invention is to provide a process allowing access to organozinc derivatives with good yields, both reaction (RR) and transformation (TT).
- one of the aims of the present invention is to provide a technique which allows the transformation of the substrate with good selectivity (RT).
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a technique which makes it possible to reduce the reduction and coupling reactions.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a pathway capable of catalyzing the electrolytic synthesis reaction of aryl organozincics, from corresponding halogenated derivatives.
- cobalt could in particular be introduced into the electrolyte in the oxidation state II.
- cobalt can also be introduced in the form of cobalt III, but the medium being a reducing medium, this form will tend to disappear very quickly to be transformed into different species and in particular cobalt II. It has not been fully clarified in what state and in what form catalytically active cobalt was.
- the coordination of cobalt is advantageously carried out by compounds (solvents or solvating agents) having a high donor index. More specifically, it may be indicated that it is preferable for the donor index D of these solvents to be greater than or equal to 10, preferably less than or equal to 30, advantageously between 20 and 30, the limits being included. Said donor index corresponds to the ⁇ H (enthalpy variation) expressed in kilocalories of the association of said polar aprotic solvent or of said coordinating agent with antimony pentachloride. This is described more precisely in Christian REINHARDT's book: "Solvants and Solvant Effects in Organic Chemistry - VCH, page 19, 1988. On this page, we find the definition of the donor index expressed in Anglo-Saxon terms by Donor Number ".
- the atom coordinating the cobalt was an atom of the nitrogen column, and advantageously nitrogen .
- the coordinating atom does not carry an electrical charge.
- a specific coordinating agent which does not act as a solvent
- unidentified (or monodentated) coordinators it is desirable to use in the electrolyte a molar ratio between the coordinator (s) and the cobalt which is high ([Coor] / [Co] about 10 , advantageously> about 100), There is usually no upper limit since the co-insulators can serve as a solvent.
- the cobalt be present at a minimum concentration at least equal to O ⁇ M.
- the cobalt is not too concentrated, so it is preferred that the content in cobalt, at most equal to 0.2 M.
- the reaction medium advantageously comprises a solvent; this solvent must be sufficiently polar to dissolve the metals or more exactly the metal salts used and it must be sufficiently lipophilic to dissolve, at least in part, the substrates of which it is desired to form the organozinc.
- solvents which are sufficiently weakly acidic it is desirable that their pKa is at least equal to 16, advantageously to 20, preferably to 25), so that the reactions with hydrogen are as weak as possible.
- primary alcohols are too acidic to give very good results.
- polar aprotic solvents such as, for example, alone or as a mixture:
- purely oxygenated solvents in particular ethers, preferably polyethers such as dimethoxy-1, 2-ethane or cyclic ethers such as THF or dioxane;
- the solvents used can themselves play the role of complexing agents or coordinating agents. They can in particular, and this is advantageous, present one or more of the coordination functions mentioned above.
- the solvent can be a mixture of an apolar solvent and a polar solvent as defined above by the donor index. To facilitate the separation of the products from the reaction media, it is preferable that said solvent has a boiling point which is substantially different from the compound to be synthesized and from the starting compound.
- saline electrolytes are sometimes used, sometimes called bottom salts, possibly modified by the presence of complexing agents. These electrolytes are chosen so as not to disturb the reactions at the anode and at the cathode.
- an excess relative to the stoichiometrically necessary amount of zinc cation can be used as the base salt, advantageously in the form of a well dissociated salt (generally corresponding to an acid whose pKa is at most equal to 3, advantageously to 2, preferably to 1, more preferably to zero).
- the electrolyte can be chosen so as to have as cations those corresponding to the metals of the anode.
- the electrolyte can be chosen so as to have as cations metals with strong transporting power such as divalent, advantageously trivalent, of the aluminum type, and this provided that this does not disturb the basic reaction.
- the metals used in the base salts it is desirable to use those which exhibit, in addition to degree 0, only one stable degree of oxidation.
- the electrolyte can be chosen so that these cations are directly soluble in the reaction medium.
- "oniums" in the field of electrical inactivity.
- "Onium” means positively charged organic compounds whose name assigned to them by the nomenclature has an affix, generally suffix, "onium” (such as sulfonium [trisubstituted sulfur], phosphonium [tetrasubstituted phosphorus], ammonium [tetrasubstituted nitrogen] ).
- tetraalkylammoniums the alkyl groups taken in their etymological sense generally have from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- Phase transfer agents can also be used.
- the anions can be usual anions for the indifferent electrolytes, but it is preferable that they are chosen either from those released by the reaction, essentially halides, or for example by complex anions of the perfluorinated bis sulfonimide type, BF 4 ". , PF 6 " , CIO 4 -.
- DMF used with tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate as a background salt at a concentration of 0.01 M, has given good results.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a medium which can be used for carrying out electrolysis and which leads to organozincics. This object was achieved by means of a composition comprising at least: • A cobalt salt,
- the solvent and the cobalt coordinating agent can constitute a single entity, and even a single compound when the solvent is a single compound.
- the cobalt content is advantageously between and 2.10 “1 and 10 " 1 M, preferably between 5.10 “3 and 5.10 “ 2 M (closed interval, that is to say including the limits).
- the zinc content is advantageously between 0.05 M and the limit of solubility in the medium.
- a solid phase consisting of zinc salt (s) it may be possible for a solid phase consisting of zinc salt (s) to be present.
- composition when used to produce organozincics, also comprises an aryl halide, the preferred chemical characteristics of which will be detailed later.
- This aryl halide is advantageously present at a concentration of 0.1 to
- the molar ratio (dissolved species and of course without taking into account the organozincic formed) zinc on cobalt is between 100 and 1, preferably between 10 and 2 (closed interval, that is to say comprising the limits) . It is also advised that the molar ratio (of course dissolved species and without taking into account the organozincics formed) zinc on aryl halide is between 0.05 and 4, preferably between 0.01 and 2 (closed range, i.e. - say including the terminals). The lowest values correspond to the case where a zinc soluble anode is used.
- the intensity and the surface of the reactive electrode, more precisely of the electrode where the reaction takes place are chosen, so that the current density / is between 5 and 5.10 2 A / m 2 , preferably between 20 and 200 A / m 2 (closed interval, that is to say including the terminals).
- the substrates capable of being transformed into organozincics by the present invention represent a wide range of compounds.
- the halides are generally halides corresponding to relatively heavy halogens, that is to say to halogens heavier than fluorine.
- halogen when the halogen is linked to an aromatic nucleus depleted in electrons, it is preferable to use bromines or chlorines as halogen, the chlorines being reserved for nuclei particularly depleted in electrons. If the condition is fulfilled by the six-membered heterocycles, in the case of homocyclic aryls, to use a chloride, it is preferable that the sum of the Hammett constants ⁇ p of the substituents (without taking into account the leaving halide) is at least equal 0.40, preferably 0.50. On the other hand, nuclei that are particularly enriched in electrons can use iodine as the halide.
- the electron depletion of the nucleus may be due either to the presence of electron-attracting groups as substituents, or, in the case of six-membered nuclei, to the replacement of a carbon by a heteroatom.
- the electron-depleted nucleus can be a six-membered heterocyclic nucleus, in particular heterocyclic nuclei having a nitrogen column atom and more particularly nitrogen.
- aromatic substrate derivative of the present process advantageously corresponds to the following formula:
- two of the radicals R, R v R ⁇ R j can be linked to form rings.
- the aryls can be in particular of formula: where Z1 is chosen from the same meanings as those given for Z.
- the radicals Ri, R 2 , R 3 are chosen from the substituents mentioned above and in particular:
- the electron-attracting groups in particular the acyl groups, the nitrile groups, the sulfone groups, the carboxylate groups, the trifluoromethyl groups or, more generally, the perfluoroalkyl groups and the halogens of lower rank than the halide which will be transformed in organozincic.
- the donor groups in particular the aryloxyl, alkyloxyl groups, the hydrocarbyl groups such as aryls and alkyls (this last word being taken in its etymological meaning), the amino groups, including the mono- and disubstituted by alcoylamine hydrocarbon groups.
- the substrates have at most 50 carbon atoms, advantageously at most 30 carbon atoms, preferably at most 20 carbon atoms.
- halides preferably aryl chlorides, carrying in particular in the meta position, an aliphatic carbon (ie sp 3 ) carrying at least two fluorines.
- halides preferably trifluoromethylaryl chlorides.
- organozincics can be extended, on the one hand to all of the organozincics linked to carbon atoms of sp 2 hybridization and in particular to the synthesis of organozincics from vinyl halides, especially when the latter are conjugated with aromatic nuclei.
- One of the advantages of the present invention is that it only requires complexing agents, or coordinators, which are easy to access, such as nitriles (preferably aromatic or bidentate) or else pyridines and derivatives of the pyridine nucleus, such as quinoline. Furthermore, the bipyridyls, being bidentate, also give good results as a separate coordinator of the solvent. Bis nitriles, although capable of acting as bidentates, are not very complexing and must be used in high proportions of the same order as monodentates. They give good results.
- the bis nitriles constituting the solvent, part of the solvent, or the coordinator prefferably be such that by the most direct route, two nitrile functions are separated by at least two carbons, advantageously three carbons.
- Another advantage of the present invention is that it can be carried out easily at room temperature and, more generally, at a temperature below 50 ° C.
- reaction does not require an indifferent electrolyte, the zinc salt being able to be used as an indifferent electrolyte.
- Soluble zinc anodes can be used in this technique.
- the present invention has made it possible to obtain families of organozinc compounds corresponding to the preceding substrate formulas and where X has been replaced by a zinc function (generally denoted -Zn- X 'where X' is halogen) which could not be obtained before.
- a zinc function generally denoted -Zn- X 'where X' is halogen
- R, R v R 2 , R 3 is a monosubstituted aniline function and above all not substituted.
- one of the radicals R, R r R ⁇ R 3 is a group carrying a sulfone group (-SO 2 -), including the sulfonates, vicinal of the aromatic nucleus, it is that is, it adjoins it.
- Condition A Device Single compartment electrolysis cell fitted with a zinc anode and a nickel foam cathode (gold or stainless steel cathodes can also be used in particular).
- Solvent dimethylformamide-pyridine (45 ml-5 ml) Ambient temperature (20 to 25 °)
- Aryl halide 10 millimoles
- Electrode surface 20 cm 2
- the asterisk * indicates that the performance measurement was performed by the coupling of the organozinc with phenyl iodide.
- Aromatic halides
- the thiophene derivatives exhibit exceptional reactivity and it was possible in this case to carry out a monotransformation of a dibromo.
- THF made conductive by tetrabutylammonium fluoroborate gives good results in organozincics, although slightly weaker than in dimethylformamide.
- the other amides such as dimethylacetamide also give good yields of organozincics.
- Nitriles such as acetonitrile give as much zinc as when dimethylformamide is used.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Pyridine Compounds (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9908480A FR2795750B1 (fr) | 1999-07-01 | 1999-07-01 | Procede de preparation de derives organozinciques par voie electrochimique associee a une catalyse par des sels de cobalt |
| FR9908480 | 1999-07-01 | ||
| PCT/FR2000/001865 WO2001002625A1 (fr) | 1999-07-01 | 2000-06-30 | Procede de preparation de derives organozinciques par voie electrochimique associee a une catalyse par des sels de cobalt |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1198622A1 true EP1198622A1 (fr) | 2002-04-24 |
| EP1198622B1 EP1198622B1 (fr) | 2004-10-06 |
Family
ID=9547587
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP00949601A Expired - Lifetime EP1198622B1 (fr) | 1999-07-01 | 2000-06-30 | Procede de preparation de derives organozinciques par voie electrochimique associee a une catalyse par des sels de cobalt |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6808655B1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1198622B1 (fr) |
| AT (1) | ATE278820T1 (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU6290500A (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2376968A1 (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE60014654T2 (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES2226888T3 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2795750B1 (fr) |
| HU (1) | HUP0201885A2 (fr) |
| PT (1) | PT1198622E (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2001002625A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2826963B1 (fr) * | 2001-07-04 | 2006-01-27 | Rhodia Chimie Sa | Preparation d'organozinciques aromatiques et composition pour ce faire |
| US7332268B2 (en) * | 2005-04-07 | 2008-02-19 | Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. | Layered support sheet for high-yield spot cutting from gels or membranes |
| CA2758760A1 (fr) * | 2009-04-20 | 2010-10-28 | Basf Se | Procede de production de zinc reactif par reduction electrochimique |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS565541A (en) * | 1979-06-27 | 1981-01-21 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Photosensitive heat-sensitive composition |
-
1999
- 1999-07-01 FR FR9908480A patent/FR2795750B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-06-30 CA CA002376968A patent/CA2376968A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2000-06-30 PT PT00949601T patent/PT1198622E/pt unknown
- 2000-06-30 WO PCT/FR2000/001865 patent/WO2001002625A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2000-06-30 HU HU0201885A patent/HUP0201885A2/hu unknown
- 2000-06-30 DE DE60014654T patent/DE60014654T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-06-30 EP EP00949601A patent/EP1198622B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-06-30 AT AT00949601T patent/ATE278820T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-06-30 US US10/019,145 patent/US6808655B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-06-30 ES ES00949601T patent/ES2226888T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-06-30 AU AU62905/00A patent/AU6290500A/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO0102625A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE60014654D1 (de) | 2004-11-11 |
| FR2795750A1 (fr) | 2001-01-05 |
| ATE278820T1 (de) | 2004-10-15 |
| PT1198622E (pt) | 2004-12-31 |
| AU6290500A (en) | 2001-01-22 |
| CA2376968A1 (fr) | 2001-01-11 |
| HUP0201885A2 (en) | 2002-09-28 |
| EP1198622B1 (fr) | 2004-10-06 |
| ES2226888T3 (es) | 2005-04-01 |
| DE60014654T2 (de) | 2005-11-17 |
| FR2795750B1 (fr) | 2001-09-07 |
| US6808655B1 (en) | 2004-10-26 |
| WO2001002625A1 (fr) | 2001-01-11 |
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