EP1194242B1 - Vorrichtung und verfahren zur zerkleinerung von material mittels turbulenter luftströmung - Google Patents

Vorrichtung und verfahren zur zerkleinerung von material mittels turbulenter luftströmung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1194242B1
EP1194242B1 EP00916384A EP00916384A EP1194242B1 EP 1194242 B1 EP1194242 B1 EP 1194242B1 EP 00916384 A EP00916384 A EP 00916384A EP 00916384 A EP00916384 A EP 00916384A EP 1194242 B1 EP1194242 B1 EP 1194242B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
enclosure
air
interior chamber
interior
hole
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP00916384A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1194242A4 (de
EP1194242A1 (de
Inventor
Francis D. Polifka
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Vortex Dehydration Technology LLC
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Vortex Dehydration Technology LLC
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Publication date
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Publication of EP1194242A4 publication Critical patent/EP1194242A4/de
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C19/00—Other disintegrating devices or methods
    • B02C19/06—Jet mills
    • B02C19/061—Jet mills of the cylindrical type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B17/00—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
    • F26B17/10—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by fluid currents, e.g. issuing from a nozzle, e.g. pneumatic, flash, vortex or entrainment dryers
    • F26B17/107—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by fluid currents, e.g. issuing from a nozzle, e.g. pneumatic, flash, vortex or entrainment dryers pneumatically inducing within the drying enclosure a curved flow path, e.g. circular, spiral, helical; Cyclone or Vortex dryers

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to material grinding and, more particularly, is concerned with an apparatus and method for circular vortex air flow material grinding.
  • Landfills often have limited space. In order to reduce the volume of space which discarded materials occupy in landfills, it is generally desirable to have an apparatus capable of grinding diverse materials typically disposed of in landfills.
  • Two approaches have employed air in the grinding process. One approach involves the use of a large volume of air which is generated by a fan. The other approach involves the use of air at high velocity instead of large volume.
  • a variety of grinding devices using air have been developed over the years. Representative examples of such prior art grinding devices and the like are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 1,123,033 to Stobie , U.S. Pat. No. 2,362,351 to Burmeister et al ., U.S. Pat. No. 2,562,753 to Trost , U.S. Pat. No.
  • the Trost patent uses air velocity in the grinding process.
  • the Trost patent discloses an anvil grinder which includes a cyclone chamber in communication with a grinding chamber. An upper portion of the cyclone chamber extends upwardly through the grinding chamber such that the grinding chamber surrounds an upper end of the cyclone chamber but is separated therefrom.
  • WO 93/19848 A discloses an apparatus for comminuting material in a vortex air flow.
  • Present claim 1 has been drafted in the two-part form in view of this document.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a material grinding apparatus which allows to improve the vortex air flow in the grinding chamber in an efficient and cost-effective manner.
  • the present invention provides an apparatus and method for compressed air vortex flow material grinding as defined in claims 1 and 12 designed to satisfy the aforementioned need.
  • the grinding apparatus uses high velocity compressed air in the grinding process for grinding, and also drying, diverse materials including by way of examples, but not limited to, glass, grain, paper, plastic, aluminum and granite.
  • the grinding apparatus includes an annular upper enclosure defining an upper chamber into which material to be ground is introduced, a conical lower enclosure defining a lower chamber provided in tandem with the upper enclosure and one or more holes defined in the upper enclosure for introducing compressed air that generates a relatively high velocity vortex flow of air and material in the upper enclosure for grinding and drying to take place.
  • the conical lower enclosure is a downward continuation and extension of the annular upper enclosure. The lower enclosure does not extend upwardly into nor past the upper chamber of the upper enclosure.
  • the material grinding apparatus comprises: (a) an upper enclosure including an upper annular sidewall, an supper end, open lower end and opposite exterior and interior sides, the upper annular sidewall defining an upper interior chamber at the interior side of the upper enclosure and having at least one hole of a predetermined size formed therethrough between the exterior and interior sides thereof providing flow communication between the exterior side of the upper enclosure and the upper interior chamber thereof; (b) a lower enclosure disposed below and in tandem with the upper enclosure, the lower enclosure including a lower annular sidewall having a substantially inverted conical configuration and open upper and lower ends and defining a lower interior chamber, the lower annular sidewall of the lower enclosure being mounted at the open upper end thereof to the open lower end of the upper enclosure such that the lower annular sidewall and lower interior chamber of the lower enclosure is substantially continuous from and in flow communication with the upper annular sidewall and upper interior chamber of the upper enclosure; (c) means for delivering material to be ground into the upper interior chamber of the upper enclosure through the upper end thereof; (d) means for supplying a flow
  • the hole through the upper annular sidewall of the upper enclosure is a slot having a height oriented so as to extend between and in a generally transverse relationship to the upper and lower ends of the upper enclosure and a length oriented so as to extend between and at an acute angle relative to the exterior and interior sides of the upper enclosure.
  • the upper enclosure further includes means disposed along the exterior side thereof for adjusting the width of the vertical slot.
  • the slot width adjusting means includes a plate and a releasable fastening arrangement mounting the plate to the upper annular sidewall at the exterior side of the upper enclosure adjacent to the hole for undergoing slidable movement in relation to the upper annular sidewall and the hole therethrough for varying the effective width of the hole through which the flow of air can pass.
  • the upper enclosure further includes a deflection plate mounted to the upper annular sidewall at the interior side of the upper enclosure adjacent to the hole through the upper annular sidewall and defining an angular configuration relative to the upper annular sidewall for deflecting air away from the hole so as to not disrupt the air flowing from the hole into the upper interior chamber of the upper enclosure.
  • the means for supplying air includes a manifold mounted to the upper annular sidewall of the upper enclosure on the exterior side thereof and defining an air collection cavity enclosing and disposed in flow communication with the hole through the upper annular sidewall of the upper enclosure.
  • the manifold has an air supply inlet.
  • At least one tube extends from an external source of compressed air and is connected to and in flow communication with the air supply inlet of the manifold such that air in the compressed state passes through the tube, through the air supply inlet of the manifold, into and through the air collection cavity of the manifold, through the hole of the upper enclosure and into the upper interior chamber of the upper enclosure.
  • the means for exhausting air from the upper interior chamber of the upper enclosure includes an exhaust pipe having an open upper end and an open lower end and being mounted to and disposed through the upper end of the upper enclosure such that the open upper end of the exhaust pipe is disposed externally of and above the upper enclosure and the open lower end of the exhaust pipe is disposed within and in flow communication with the upper interior chamber of the upper enclosure.
  • the open lower end of the exhaust pipe is located closer to the open lower end of the upper enclosure than to the upper end thereof.
  • the exhaust pipe also has an upper side opening disposed externally of and above the upper enclosure and a lower side opening disposed within and in flow communication with the upper interior chamber of the upper enclosure.
  • the means for delivering material to be ground into the upper interior chamber of the upper enclosure includes a feed tube having an open upper end and an open lower end and being mounted to and disposed through the upper and lower sides openings of the exhaust pipe such that the open upper end of the feed tube is disposed externally of the upper enclosure and adjacent to a side of the exhaust pipe and the open lower end of the feed tube is disposed internally of the upper enclosure and adjacent to an opposite side of the exhaust pipe and within and in flow communication with the upper interior chamber of the upper enclosure such that material to be ground can be fed via the feed tube across the exhaust pipe from exteriorly of the upper enclosure into the circular vortex flow of air in the upper interior chamber of the upper enclosure.
  • the material grinding method comprises the steps of: (a) providing an upper enclosure with at least one hole of a predetermined size formed therethrough between exterior and interior sides thereof and oriented so as to extend between and at an acute angle relative to the exterior and interior side so as to provide flow communication between the exterior side thereof and an upper interior chamber thereof; (b) providing a lower enclosure below and in tandem with the upper enclosure and having an inverted conical configuration such that an lower interior chamber of the lower enclosure is substantially continuous and in flow communication with the upper interior chamber of the upper enclosure; (c) delivering material to be ground into the upper interior chamber of the upper enclosure through an upper end thereof; (d) supplying a flow of air, such as in a compressed state, through the hole in the upper enclosure into the upper interior chamber thereof to along a flow path extending about the interior side of the upper enclosure; and (e) exhausting air from the upper interior chamber of the upper enclosure through the upper end thereof such that the supplying of air and the exhausting of air coact with the hole in the upper enclosure and with the upper and interior chambers to create a circular
  • the grinding apparatus 10 basically includes an upper enclosure 12, a lower enclosure 14, an air supplying means 16, an air exhausting means 18 and a material delivering means 20.
  • the grinding apparatus 10 also includes a support structure 22 supporting the upper and lower enclosures 12, 14 in an upright tandem orientation.
  • the upper enclosure 12 includes a continuous upper annular sidewall 24 and has opposite exterior and interior sides 12A, 12B, an open lower end 12C and a closed upper end 12D. Its closed upper end 12D is provided preferably in the form of a top cover 26 removably mounted on and overlying the upper annular sidewall 24.
  • the upper annular side wall 24 has a main annular wall portion 24A of substantially cylindrical configuration and upper and lower annular lip portions 24B, 24C being substantially identical to one another.
  • the upper and lower annular lip portions 24B, 24C are rigidly fixed to upper and lower opposite open ends of the main annular wall portion 24A and extending substantially perpendicularly and outwardly therefrom.
  • the top cover 26 has a substantially rigid flat disc-like configuration and is supported at its peripheral edge portion 26A upon the upper annular lip portion 24B of the upper annular sidewall 24 so as to overlie and close the open upper end of the main annular wall portion 24A of the upper annular sidewall 24 and thus the upper end 12D of the upper enclosure 12.
  • the top cover 26 has defined therethrough a central opening 28 of a substantially circular configuration.
  • the lower enclosure 14 in the form of a continuous lower annular sidewall 30.
  • the lower annular sidewall 30 has a substantially inverted truncated conical configuration and opposite open upper and lower ends 30A, 30B.
  • the open upper end 30A of the lower annular sidewall 30 has a diameter which is substantially greater than the diameter of the open lower end 30B thereof and substantially the same as the diameter of the upper annular sidewall 24 at the lower end 12C of the upper enclosure 12.
  • the lower annular sidewall 30 has an upper annular lip 32 which is rigidly fixed to the open upper end 30A of the lower annular sidewall 30 and extends substantially perpendicularly and outwardly therefrom.
  • the lower annular sidewall 30 at the upper annular lip 32 thereof is mounted to the lower annular lip portion 24C of the upper annular sidewall 24 such that the upper annular sidewall 24 of the upper enclosure 12 and the lower annular side wall 30 of the lower enclosure 14 are substantially continuous with one another.
  • the upper enclosure 12 at the interior side 12B thereof defines an upper interior chamber 34 within the upper annular sidewall 24, below the top cover 24 and above the open lower end 12C of the upper enclosure 12.
  • the lower enclosure 14 defines a lower interior chamber 36 within the lower annular sidewall 30 and between the open upper and lower ends 30A, 30B thereof.
  • the lower interior chamber 36 of the lower enclosure 14 is disposed substantially continuous from and in flow communication with the upper interior chamber 34 of the upper enclosure 12.
  • the upper annular sidewall 24 and the top cover 26 of the upper enclosure 12 and the lower annular sidewall 30 of the lower enclosure 14 are made of the same heavy metal material to ensure a relatively long wear life for the upper and lower enclosures 12, 14.
  • the upper annular sidewall 24 and top cover 26 of the upper enclosure 12 at their respective upper annular lip portion 24B and peripheral edge portion 26A are sealably secured together by an upper annular seal 38 clamped therebetween and a plurality of fasteners extending between and interconnecting the upper annular lip portion 24B and the peripheral edge portion 26A at locations circumferentially spaced apart about the upper enclosure 12.
  • the upper annular sidewall 24 and lower annular sidewall 30 at their respective lower annular lip portion 24C and upper annular lip portion 32 are sealably secured together by a lower annular seal 40 clamped therebetween and a plurality of fasteners extending between and interconnecting the lower annular lip portion 24C and upper annular lip portion 32 at locations spaced apart circumferentially about the upper and lower enclosures 12, 14.
  • the upper and lower annular seals 38, 40 are substantially identical to one another and have substantially circular configurations. They provide respective air-tight seals between the upper annular sidewall 24 and top cover 26 of the upper enclosure 12 and the upper and lower annular sidewalls 24, 30 of the upper and lower enclosures 12, 14.
  • Each fastener can be of any conventional form per se, such as a bolt 42 as seen in FIG. 1 , or, alternatively, an overcenter toggle clamp 44 as seen in FIGS. 2 and 3 .
  • the overcenter toggle clamps 44 function in a manner that is well-known to releasably clamp and lock the upper annular sidewall 24 and top cover 26 together and the upper and lower annular sidewalls 24, 30 together.
  • Each overcenter toggle clamp 44 includes a lever 46 pivotally mounted at one end 46A to an outer end 48A of a bracket 48 fixedly attached on respective ones of the peripheral edge portion 26A of the top cover and upper annular lip portion 32 of the lower annular sidewall 30, a bolt 50 pivotally mounted at one end to the lever 46 between the opposite ends 46A, 46B thereof and having a nut 52 applied on the other end of the bolt 50.
  • a lever 46 pivotally mounted at one end 46A to an outer end 48A of a bracket 48 fixedly attached on respective ones of the peripheral edge portion 26A of the top cover and upper annular lip portion 32 of the lower annular sidewall 30, a bolt 50 pivotally mounted at one end to the lever 46 between the opposite ends 46A, 46B thereof and having a nut 52 applied on the other end of the bolt 50.
  • the bolt 50 extends through a notch in another bracket 54 attached to and projecting outwardly from respective ones of the upper and lower lip portions 24B, 24C of the upper annular sidewall 24 and the nut 52 on the bolt 50 is disposed on an opposite side of the bracket 54 from the lever 46.
  • the lever 46 is pivoted outwardly from the overcenter locked position to a released position, as seen in dashed line form in FIG. 2 , the bolt and its nut (not shown) are released from engagement with the bracket 54.
  • the upper enclosure 12 has at least one and, preferably, a plurality of air holes 56, such as three in number, formed through the main annular wall portion 24A of the upper annular side wall 24 of the upper enclosure 12 and open at each of the exterior and interior sides 12A, 12B thereof.
  • the number of air holes 56 is determined by the desired diameter of the upper enclosure 12.
  • the air holes 56 can be substantially identical to one another, although they need not be so.
  • the air holes 56 are circumferentially spaced apart, such as through equal distances, from one another.
  • Each air hole 56 preferably is in the form of a vertical slot having a vertical height H ( FIG.
  • each hole 56 is substantially greater than the length L and a width W thereof.
  • the upper enclosure 12 also includes a plurality of means 58 for adjusting the effective width W of each air holes 56.
  • the width adjusting means 58 includes a pair of plates 60, 62 and a plurality of fasteners 64, such as bolts. More particularly, there is one adjustable plate 60, one stationary plate 62 and four fasteners 64 for each air hole 56, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 .
  • the adjustable and stationary plates 60, 62 have the same size.
  • the stationary plate 62 is fixedly mounted to the upper annular sidewall 24 of the upper enclosure 12 at the exterior side 12A thereof on one side of the adjacent air hole 56.
  • the adjustable plate 60 is slidably mounted to the upper annular sidewall 24 on an opposite side of the adjacent air hole 56 and, upon loosening of two of bolts 64, can undergo slidable movement toward and away from the stationary plate 62 relative to the upper annular sidewall 24 and the hole 56 therethrough to vary the effective width W of the adjacent air hole 56.
  • the movement of the adjustable plate 60 in the opposite directions causes the orifice or spacing between the adjustable and stationary plates 60, 62 aligned with the hole 56 to correspondingly increase or decrease in size and thereby expose more or less of the adjacent air hole 56 so as to vary the effective width of the air hole 56 between facing edges 60A, 62A of the plates 60, 62 which are angled in a direction consistent with the angle of the adjacent air hole 56.
  • the adjustable plate 60 has a pair of spaced apart slots 66 formed therethrough which are identical and parallel to one another.
  • the two fasteners 64 are received through the slots 66 and threadable into the upper annular sidewall 24.
  • the two fasteners 64 may be tightened or loosened in relation to the adjustable plate 60 and the upper annular sidewall 24 for holding the plate 60 in place or for allowing the plate 60 to be moved along the lengths of the slots 66 through the desired amount before retightening of the fasteners 64.
  • the air supplying means 16 of the apparatus 10 delivers air, preferably in a compressed state, through each of the air holes 56 in the upper annular sidewall 24 and into the upper interior chamber 34 of the upper enclosure 12.
  • the air supplying means 16 includes at least one and, preferably, a plurality of manifolds 68 and at least one and, preferably, a plurality of air tubes 70.
  • One manifold 68 and one air tube 70 are used in conjunction with each of the air hole 56 of the upper enclosure 12. Where there are three holes 56, there will be three manifolds 68.
  • Each manifold 68 is attached to the upper annular sidewall 24 of the upper enclosure 12 on the exterior side 12A thereof.
  • the manifolds 68 are preferably spaced apart from one another through equal distances along the upper annular sidewall 24 of the upper enclosure 12.
  • Each manifold 68 has a pair of opposite side walls 72, a top wall 74, a bottom wall 76, an annular seal 78, a front cover 80 and a plurality of fasteners 82, such as bolts.
  • the side walls 72 are substantially identical to and mirror images of one another, having substantially slanted L-shaped transverse configurations.
  • the top and bottom walls 74, 76 are substantially identical to and mirror images of one another and extend between and rigidly interconnected opposite upper and lower edges of the side walls 72.
  • the annular seal 78 and front cover 80 have substantially rectangular configurations.
  • the annular seal 78 is disposed and provides an air-tight seal between the periphery of the front cover 80 and adjoining edge portions of the side walls 72, top wall 74 and bottom wall 76.
  • the front cover 80 has a plurality of spaced apart holes at the corners thereof, such as six in number, that receive the fasteners 82 which, in turn, are removably threaded into a plurality of corresponding holes 84 in the manifold 68.
  • the front cover 80 is thereby removable for providing access to the width adjusting means 58 of the upper enclosure 12.
  • Each manifold 68 defines an air collection cavity 86 therein and an air supply inlet 88.
  • the air collection cavity 86 is disposed between the upper annular sidewall 24 and the side walls 72, top wall 74, bottom wall 76 and front cover 80.
  • the air collection cavity 86 thus encloses, overlies and is disposed in flow communication with the one adjacent air hole 56 of the upper enclosure 12.
  • the air supply inlet 88 of the manifold 68 is circular in shape and formed through one of the side walls 72.
  • the air supply inlet 88 also is in flow communication with the air collection cavity 86.
  • Each air tube 70 of the air supplying means 16 has a cylindrical shape. There are three air tubes 70 matching the number of manifolds 68.
  • Each air tube 70 extends from an external source of compressed air (not shown), such as a conventional air compressor, and is connected to and in flow communication with the air supply inlet 88 of one of the manifolds 68 such that air in a compressed state may pass through the air tube 70, through the air supply inlet 88 of the respective one manifold 68, into and through the air collection cavity 86 of the one manifold 68, through the adjacent air hole 56 of the upper enclosure 12 and into the upper interior chamber 34 of the upper enclosure 12, as shown in Fig. 4 .
  • the upper enclosure 12 also includes at least one and, preferably, a plurality of deflection plates 90.
  • Each deflection plate 90 has a substantially angular configuration and is mounted to the upper annular sidewall 24 of the upper enclosure 12 at the interior side 12B thereof and adjacent to a respective one of the air holes 56 of the upper enclosure 12.
  • Each deflection plate 90 functions to slightly deflect the flow of air circulating within the upper interior chamber away from the air hole 56 as it passes the air hole 56 so as to not disrupt the incoming air flow from the hole 56 into the upper interior chamber 34 of the upper enclosure 12.
  • the angular configuration of the deflection plate 90 provides a gap between it and the upper annular sidewall 24 to allow the maximum amount of air to flow unrestricted into the upper interior chamber 34.
  • the air exhausting means 18 of the apparatus 10 is provided for exhausting air from the flow thereof circulating in the upper interior chamber 34 of the upper enclosure 12.
  • the air exhausting means 18 includes an exhaust pipe 92.
  • the exhaust pipe 92 has a cylindrical configuration and opposite open upper and lower end 92A, 92B.
  • the exhaust pipe 92 also has upper and lower side openings 94, 96 of substantially circular configurations disposed on opposite sides of the exhaust pipe 92.
  • the cross-sectional size of the exhaust pipe 92 is generally determined by the combined sizes of the upper and lower interior chambers 34, 36 of the respective upper and lower enclosures 12, 14.
  • the exhaust pipe 92 snugly fits through and is mounted to and disposed through the central opening 28 of the top cover 26 of the upper enclosure 12 such that the open upper end 92A and the upper side opening 94 of the exhaust pipe 92 are disposed externally above the upper enclosure 12 and the open lower end 92B and the lower side opening 96 of the exhaust pipe 98 are disposed within and in flow communication with the upper interior chamber 34 of the upper enclosure 12.
  • air in the upper interior chamber 34 of the upper enclosure 12 can be exhausted into and upwardly through the exhaust pipe 92 in the direction indicated by arrows B in FIG. 2 .
  • the open lower end 92B of the exhaust pipe 92 is disposed closer to the open lower end 12B than to the closed upper end 12A of the upper enclosure 12.
  • the open upper end 92A of the exhaust pipe 92 is disposed from the top cover 26 of the upper enclosure 12 at a distance substantially greater than the distance the open lower end 92B of the exhaust pipe 92 is disposed from the top cover 26.
  • the upper enclosure 12 also includes a top annular seal 98, a top annular seal cover 100 and fasteners 102.
  • the top annular seal 98 and top annular seal cover 100 both have a substantially circular configuration.
  • the top annular seal 98 is disposed on top of the top cover 26 around the central opening 28 therethrough, the top annular seal cover 100 is disposed on and overlies the top annular seal 100 and the fasteners 102 secure both to the top cover 26 about the central opening 28.
  • the top annular seal 98 of the upper enclosure 12 provides an air-tight seal between the exhaust pipe 92 and the top cover 26 of the upper enclosure 12.
  • the apparatus 10 also includes a damper 104 mounted on the open upper end 92A of the exhaust pipe 92 and an actuator 106.
  • the damper 104 has two half portions 104A, 104B substantially identical to and mirror images of one another.
  • the actuator 106 interconnects the half portions 104A, 104B and is operable for moving them toward or away from one another so as to decrease or increase the size of a central space 108 therebetween.
  • the damper 104 has an actuator 116 for causing movement of the half portions 104A, 104B.
  • the actuator 106 which can be hydraulic or electric, is manually operated remotely.
  • the damper 104 is thereby mounted upon the exhaust pipe 92 at the upper end 92A thereof and operable for regulating the flow of air from the upper and lower interior chambers 34, 36 of the respective upper and lower enclosures 12, 20 through the exhaust pipe 98 of the air exhausting means 16 and thereby for regulating the size to which the material is ground in the upper and lower chambers 34, 36 of the upper and lower enclosures 12, 14, as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1 .
  • the damper 104 can be adjusted to permit lighter material to be retained longer in the upper and lower interior chambers 34, 36 of the upper and lower enclosures 12, 14 for more complete grinding of the material.
  • the material delivering means 20 of the apparatus 10 is for delivering material to be ground to the upper interior chamber 34 of the upper enclosure 12.
  • the material delivering means 20 includes a feed tube 110 of a substantially cylindrical configuration.
  • the feed tube 110 has opposite open upper and lower ends 110A, 110B.
  • the upper end 110A of the feed tube 110 can be in the form of a hopper or the like for receiving the material to be ground feed thereto by any suitable means, such as manually, by vacuum or the discharge end of a material elevator or auger.
  • the feed tube 110 is mounted to the exhaust tube 92 and disposed through the upper and lower side openings 94, 96 of the exhaust pipe 92 such that the open upper end 110A of the feed tube 110 is disposed externally to the upper enclosure 12 and the exhaust pipe 92 whereas the open lower end 110B of the feed tube 110 is disposed in and in flow communication with the upper interior chamber 34 of the upper enclosure 12 such that material to be ground can be fed via the feed tube 110 across the exhaust pipe 92 from exteriorly of the upper enclosure 12 into the circular vortex flow of air in the upper interior chamber 34 of the upper enclosure 12.
  • the feed tube 110 is disposed at an acute angle relative to the top cover 26 of the upper enclosure 12.
  • the material to be ground is fed into the feed tube 110 after the compressed air is delivered into the upper interior chamber 34 of the upper enclosure 12 via the angled air holes 56.
  • the feed tube 110 can be inserted through the top cover 26 adjacent to the peripheral edge portion 26A thereof, such as at the location 112 shown in dashed outline in FIG. 1 .
  • the mounting braces 114 have substantially triangular shapes and are circumferentially spaced apart from one another.
  • the mounting braces 114 are fixedly mounted in vertical orientations to upper annular sidewall 24 of the upper enclosure 12 at the exterior side 12A thereof and extend radially outwardly therefrom so as to overlie the support platform 116.
  • the support platform 116 has a generally flat configuration and a central opening 116A.
  • the attached upper and lower enclosures 12, 14 are received through the central opening 116A of the support platform 116 and the mounting braces 114 by resting upon the support platform 116 about its central opening 116A thereby support and retain the attached upper and lower enclosures 12, 14 in the upright tandem orientation.
  • the leg members 118 having top and bottom ends 118A, 118B and are rigidly connected at their upper ends 118A to the support platform 116 at the respective corners 116B thereof so as to dispose the platform in a horizontal orientation and at a desired height above a support surface, such as the ground. Pairs of the leg members 118 at their bottom ends 118B may be interconnected by horizontal brace members 122 and rest on the support surface.
  • Each of the support actuators 120 can be any suitable conventional type, such as ones manually, mechanically, pneumatically or hydraulically operated.
  • Each actuator 120 is mounted to the top cover 26 of the upper enclosure 12 and extends upright therefrom and is connected at corners of a bracket arrangement 124 surrounding and extending outwardly from the exhaust pipe 92.
  • the actuators 120 can be actuated so as to selectively raise and lower the exhaust pipe 92, via the bracket arrangement 124, relative to the top cover 26 to different positions relative to the upper enclosure 12 and thus to extend to different depths within the upper interior chamber 34 of the upper enclosure 12.
  • the upper interior chamber 34 of the upper enclosure 12 receives from a suitable external source, via the feed tube 110, diverse materials to be ground, such as glass, grain, paper, plastic, aluminum, granite and the like.
  • the upper interior chamber 34 also receives, via the angled air holes 56 in the upper annular sidewall 24, the flow of air in compressed state that interacts with the material as the latter is received in the upper interior chamber 34 of the upper enclosure 12.
  • the angle of each of the air holes 30 is selected to cause the compressed air to flow at high velocity in one of a clockwise or counterclockwise direction in the upper interior chamber 34 such that the compressed air, by its high velocity, causes forceful impacts on the material which result in the reduction and grinding of the material into small sizes within the upper interior chamber 34.
  • the lower interior chamber 36 of the lower enclosure 14 which is continuous and in flow communication with the upper interior chamber 34 of the upper enclosure 12 has a substantially inverted conical configuration that augments the creation and maintenance of the circular vortex flow of air within the upper and lower interior chambers 34, 36 of the upper and lower enclosures 12, 20 that facilitates the grinding of the material therein.
  • the material ground in the upper interior chamber 34 falls or descends into the lower interior chamber 36 and downward therethrough along the lower annular sidewall 30 of the lower enclosures 14 toward and out the open lower end 30B thereof, as shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the circular vortex flow creates a vacuum in the center of each of the upper and lower interior chambers 34, 36 of the upper and lower enclosures 12, 14 which allows the ground material to fall downward through the lower interior chamber 36 and out the lower end 30B of the lower annular sidewall 30 of the lower enclosure 14 while excess air flows from the upper and lower interior chambers 34, 36 upward through the exhaust pipe 92.
  • a vacuum condition is also present in the feed tube 110 which tends to draw the material to be processed into the upper interior chamber 34 of the upper enclosures 12. Concurrently, with the grinding of the material by the apparatus 10 it is also dried therein.
  • the sizes of the upper and lower enclosures 12, 14 as well as the other components of the apparatus 10 can vary depending upon the type of material to be ground and the capacity needed.
  • the apparatus 10 illustrated in the drawings is but one exemplary embodiment.
  • the compressed air introduced into the upper interior chamber 34 of the upper enclosure 12 may have a preselected pressure that falls within a wide range of from about 1.5 mPa to about 90 mPa (about 10 to about 600 pounds per square inch (psi)).
  • the compressed air may have a velocity that falls within a wide range of from about 0.1 to about 320 m 3 /min (about 5 to about 12,00 cubic feet per minute (cfm)).
  • the compressed air also may have a temperature which may be varied. The temperature of the compressed air may be raised, such as by use of a heat exchanger unit (not shown) or the like, to enhance the grinding and drying of the material.
  • the temperature of the air may fall within a wide range of about 4°C (40°F) to about 500°C (900°F).
  • Steam can also be used to heat the compressed air.
  • the steam may be at a temperature falling within a wide range of about 100°C (212°F) to 1100° (2000°F). This will greatly enhance the drying process as well as increase the shearing force of the compressed air.
  • Steam may also be used to operate the apparatus 10 at a specific pressure, temperature and cubic metre (cubic feet) per minute.
  • cooled air such as air which has been cooled to below freezing temperatures
  • liquid nitrogen, carbon dioxide, cooling vortex tubes, refrigeration equipment and/or underground or surface water could be used to cool the air.
  • a suitable flow of air can be delivered at the velocity, pressure and temperature required, by other known techniques than compression of the air, to operate the apparatus 10. The variation of the air in terms of its velocity, pressure and temperature depends on the type of material being processed and size of the apparatus 10.
  • Another dead air (low pressure) space is found along the interior of the sidewall 30 of the lower enclosure 14 allowing the processed material to drop down to the bottom of the lower interior chamber 36 and exit the lower enclosure 14.
  • a vacuum is formed between the dead air in the center of the apparatus 10 and the dead air space along the perimeter of the lower enclosure 14.
  • the apparatus 10 is designed to efficiently and easily grind, dry and dehydrate diverse materials. As described in more detail below, the apparatus 10 has many practical applications which include, but are not limited to, the grinding, drying and pasteurization of animal or agricultural products, the grinding of industrial waste cleanup, the recycling of consumer waste, desalination of salt water, the grinding of fuels for more efficient burning, and the grinding of medical products for more efficient delivery.
  • the drying, dehydrating and grinding characteristics of the apparatus 10 appears to be a cost-effective supplement or replacement of conventional spray drying operations.
  • the apparatus 10 also appears capable of being downsized to provide small grinders and dryers for use in a household with consumer products.
  • Pasteurization The temperature of the air at 66°C (150°F) or higher and the pulverizing effect of the colliding particles combine to produce a uniquely efficient pasteurization process.
  • Liquid egg, a byproduct of the hatchery and egg breaking industry, can be reduced to a powder, even though the solid content of the liquid egg is only about 18% to 20%.
  • the powder seems to have a pleasant odor and good shelf life.
  • the moisture content of the powder averages from 1% to 4%.
  • Agricultural Products All types of grains can be ground into flour and dried in the same operation. The mill wastes from the grain can then be ground into a fine powder, making more of the nutrients available so it can then be utilized in feed products. Water plants, such as algae, seaweed, duckweed and other plant life, can be dried and ground at low temperatures thereby preserving their nutritional value. Herbs can be ground into a fine powder potentially increasing their potency.
  • shellfish and marine life products such as crab, lobster, shrimp, oyster, etc.
  • the shells, a byproduct of processing can be dried and ground into a fine powder that makes extraction of products such as chitin more feasible.
  • Most of the shellfish shells can be ground to the micron size desired enhancing the interaction with different elements.
  • animal wastes as well as byproducts from animal processing plants can be ground and dried.
  • Animal wastes such as hen manure from commercial layer houses, can be dried and ground to produce a fertilizer-grade product.
  • D.A.F. a waste product from animal processing plants, can be dried and ground. This material has good protein content and can be used in animal feeds.
  • D.A.F. contains a high bacteria content, but through the use of the apparatus 10, the bacteria reproduction in some cases was reduced or eliminated.
  • Poultry products such as eggshells from hatcheries and egg breaking plants can be ground and dried. Eggshell can be better utilized by grinding the shell into a fine powder. The membranes from the inside of the shell having a high content of collagen will remain in large particles. These can then be easily removed from the calcium with the use of a screen. Both membrane and calcium can be dried and ground to the desired size.
  • the apparatus 10 can be used to grind high fracture materials such as coal, concrete, aluminum, glass, wood, paper, hard plastics, rock, limestone, mineral ores, etc. Its grinding-drying motion and dehydrating can be used on contaminated soils as well as industrial and hazardous wastes. Pollution prevention and waste reduction goals of EPA regulations can be addressed by this apparatus.
  • filter cakes are mostly water. If the water is removed, the remaining materials, chromium, nickel, tin, iron, etc., effectively become more concentrated and thus have value. The process of extracting and recycling them, then, may become more economically feasible.
  • Element extraction is based on specific atomic gravity of each element found in its own strata in the vortex after the initial grinding has taken place. Extraction should be relatively simple once the elements are located.
  • Consumer Waste Recycling Many consumer products can be separated into their components, ground and dried, and then recycled. Glass can be processed into a fine powder or silica. Glass products having labeling on them can be processed without removing the labels. The paper or labels will remain in larger pieces and can be easily removed from the silica with the use of a screen. Other products, for example baby diapers, can be separated and dried, enabling the recycling of the components that can be recycled, and reducing the volume of the wastes that must be deposited in landfills.
  • the apparatus 10 has the potential to desalinate seawater. Ionization is possible for use of separation and processing of materials.
  • the apparatus 10 may have the ability to grind fuels such as coal into micro particles that may be burned more efficiently, with reduced pollution.
  • the ability to grind particles to microscopic sizes may have the ability to render drugs, vitamins and minerals more available to humans and animals.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Materialzerkleinerungsgerät mit:
    einem oberen Gehäuse (12) mit einer oberen ringförmigen Seitenwand (24) und einem oberen Ende (12D), einem offenen unteren Ende (12C) und entgegengesetzten äußeren und inneren Seiten (12A, 12B), wobei die obere ringförmige Seitenwand (24) eine obere Innenkammer (34) an der Innenseite des oberen Gehäuses (12) eingrenzt und wenigstens ein Loch (56) vorbestimmter Größe aufweist, das durch die obere ringförmige Seitenwand (24) zwischen der äußeren und der inneren Seite (12A, 12B) des oberen Gehäuses (12) gebildet ist, um eine Strömungskommunikation zwischen der Außenseite des oberen Gehäuses (12) und dessen oberer Innenkammer (34) zu ermöglichen;
    einem unteren Gehäuse (14), das unterhalb und in einer Tandemanordnung mit dem oberen Gehäuse (12) angeordnet ist, wobei das untere Gehäuse (14) eine untere ringförmige Seitenwand (30) mit im Wesentlichen umgekehrter konischer Konfiguration und offenen oberen und unteren Enden (30A, 30B) aufweist und eine untere Innenkammer (36) eingrenzt, wobei die untere ringförmige Seitenwand (30) des unteren Gehäuses (14) an deren offenem unteren Ende (30A) an der oberen ringförmigen Seitenwand (24) an dem offenen unteren Ende (30B) des oberen Gehäuses (12) befestigt ist, so dass die untere ringförmige Seitenwand (30) und die untere Innenkammer (36) im Wesentlichen kontinuierlich verlaufen und in Strömungskommunikation mit der oberen ringförmigen Seitenwand (24) und der oberen Innenkammer (34) stehen;
    einer Einrichtung (20) zum Befördern von zu zerkleinerndem Material in die obere Innenkammer (34) des oberen Gehäuses (12) durch dessen oberes Ende (12D);
    einer Einrichtung (16) zum Zuführen eines Luftstroms durch das Loch (56) in der oberen ringförmigen Seitenwand (24) in die obere Innenkammer (34) längs eines Strömungspfads, der an der Innenseite des oberen Gehäuses (12) verläuft; und
    einer Einrichtung (18) zum Ausstoßen von Luft aus der oberen Innenkammer (34) des oberen Gehäuses (12) durch dessen oberes Ende (12D), so dass die Einrichtung (16) zum Zuführen von Luft und die Einrichtung (18) zum Ausstoßen von Luft mit dem Loch (56) in der oberen ringförmigen Seitenwand (24) und der oberen und der unteren Innenkammer (34, 36) zusammenwirken, um einen zirkulären Wirbelluftstrom innerhalb der oberen und der unteren Innenkammer (34, 36) zu erzeugen, der ein Zerkleinern und Trocknen von Material im Wesentlichen in der oberen Innenkammer (34), einen Auslass von Luft von der oberen Innenkammer (34) nach oben durch deren oberes Ende, eine Bewegung von zerkleinertem Material durch die untere Innenkammer (36) nach unten und einen Auslass des zerkleinerten Materials aus der unteren Innenkammer (36) durch das offene untere Ende (30B) des unteren Gehäuses (14) bewirkt, wobei die untere Innenkammer (36) eine umgekehrte konische Form aufweist, die den zirkulären Wirbelstrom von Luft und Material in der oberen und der unteren Innenkammer (34, 36) verstärkt,
    gekennzeichnet durch wenigstens eine Ablenkplatte (90), die an der oberen ringförmigen Seitenwand (24) an der Innenseite des oberen Gehäuses (12) neben dem Loch (56) befestigt ist und eine ringförmige Konfiguration relativ zu der oberen ringförmigen Seitenwand (24) zum Ablenken von Luft weg von dem Loch (56) definiert, so dass die Luft von der Einrichtung (16) zum Zuführen eines Luftstroms durch das Loch (56) in die obere Innenkammer (34) nicht gestört wird.
  2. Gerät nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Loch (56) durch die obere ringförmige Seitenwand (24) ein Schlitz ist, der
    eine Höhe aufweist, die so orientiert ist, dass sie zwischen dem oberen und dem unteren Ende des oberen Gehäuses (12) und generell quer dazu verläuft, und/oder
    eine Länge aufweist, die so orientiert ist, dass sie zwischen der äußeren und der inneren Seite (12A, 12B) des oberen Gehäuses (12) und in einem spitzen Winkel dazu verläuft.
  3. Gerät nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, ferner mit einer Stützstruktur zum Halten des oberen und des unteren Gehäuses (12, 14) in einer aufrechten Orientierung mit dem oberen Gehäuse (12) über dem unteren Gehäuse (14), so dass das obere und das untere Gehäuse (12, 14) und deren obere und untere Innenkammern (34, 36) eine Tandemorientierung zueinander aufweisen.
  4. Gerät nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei das obere Gehäuse (12) ferner eine Einrichtung (58) zum Anpassen der Größe des Lochs (56) durch die obere ringförmige Seitenwand (24) aufweist.
  5. Gerät nach Anspruch 4, wobei die Einrichtung (58) zum Anpassen der Größe des Lochs (56) eine Platte (60) und eine entriegelbare Befestigungsanordnung (64) aufweist, die die Platte (60) an der oberen ringförmigen Seitenwand (24) an der Außenseite des oberen Gehäuses (12) neben dem Loch (56) durch die obere ringförmige Seitenwand (24) befestigt, um eine Schiebebewegung bezüglich der oberen ringförmigen Seitenwand (24) und des Lochs (56) dadurch zu ermöglichen, so dass die effektive Größe des Lochs (56), durch das der Luftstrom hindurchtreten kann, variiert.
  6. Gerät nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Einrichtung (16) zum Zuführen von Luft die Luft in komprimierter Form bereitstellt.
  7. Gerät nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Einrichtung (16) zum Zuführen von Luft aufweist:
    wenigstens eine Rohrverzweigung (68), die an der oberen ringförmigen Seitenwand (24) des oberen Gehäuses (12) an dessen Außenseite befestigt ist und einen Luftsammelhohlraum (86) eingrenzt, der das Loch (56) durch die obere ringförmige Seitenwand (24) aufweist und in Strömungskommunikation damit angeordnet ist, wobei die Rohrverzweigung (68) einen Luftzuführeinlass (88) aufweist; und
    wenigstens ein Rohr (70), das von einer externen Quelle mit vorzugsweise komprimierter Luft ausgeht und mit dem Luftzuführeinlass (88) der Rohrverzweigung (68) in Strömungskommunikation verbunden ist, so dass die Luftströmung durch das Rohr (70), durch den Luftzuführeinlass (88) der Rohrverzweigung (68), in und durch den Luftsammelhohlraum der Rohrverzweigung (68), durch das Loch (56) des oberen Gehäuses (12) und in die obere Innenkammer (34) strömt.
  8. Gerät nach Anspruch 7, wobei die Einrichtung (18) zum Ausstoßen von Luft aus der oberen Innenkammer (34) ein Ausstoßrohr (92) aufweist, das ein offenes oberes Ende (92A) und ein offenes unteres Ende (92B) hat und an dem oberen Ende (12D) des oberen Gehäuses (12) befestigt ist und durch dieses hindurchreicht, so dass das offene obere Ende (92A) des Ausstoßrohrs (92) außerhalb und oberhalb des oberen Gehäuses (12) angeordnet ist, und das offene untere Ende (92B) des Ausstoßrohrs (92) innerhalb und in Strömungskommunikation mit der oberen Innenkammer (34) angeordnet ist, wobei das offene untere Ende (92B) des Ausstoßrohrs (92) näher an dem offenen unteren Ende (12C) des oberen Gehäuses (12) als an dessen oberen Ende (12D) angeordnet ist.
  9. Gerät nach Anspruch 8, wobei das obere Ende (12D) des oberen Gehäuses (12) eine Oberseitenabdeckung (26) mit einer im Wesentlichen zentrischen Öffnung (28) aufweist.
  10. Gerät nach Anspruch 8 oder 9, wobei
    das Ausstoßrohr (92) auch eine Oberseitenöffnung (94) aufweist, die außerhalb und oberhalb des oberen Gehäuses (12) angeordnet ist, sowie eine Unterseitenöffnung (96), die innerhalb und in Strömungskommunikation mit der oberen Innenkammer (34) des oberen Gehäuses (12) angeordnet ist, und
    die Einrichtung (20) zum Befördern von zu zerkleinerndem Material in die obere Innenkammer (34) ein Versorgungsrohr (110) mit einem offenen oberen Ende (110A) und einem offenen unteren Ende (110B) aufweist und an der oberen und der unteren Seitenöffnung (94, 96) des Ausstoßrohrs (92) befestigt und durch dieses hindurch angeordnet ist, so dass das offene obere Ende (110A) des Versorgungsrohrs (110) außerhalb des oberen Gehäuses (12) und neben einer Seite des Ausstoßrohrs (92) angeordnet ist, und das offene untere Ende (110B) des Versorgungsrohrs (110) innerhalb des oberen Gehäuses (12) und neben einer entgegengesetzten Seite des Ausstoßrohrs (92) und innerhalb und in Strömungskommunikation mit der oberen Innenkammer (34) angeordnet ist, so dass zu zerkleinerndes Material über das Versorgungsrohr (110) durch das Ausstoßrohr (92) von außerhalb des oberen Gehäuses (12) in den zirkulären Wirbelluftstrom in der oberen Innenkammer (34) des oberen Gehäuses (12) zugeführt werden kann.
  11. Gerät nach Anspruch 9 oder 10, ferner mit einer Klappe (104), die bewegbar an dem Ausstoßrohr (92) befestigt ist und zum Regeln des Luftstroms von der oberen Innenkammer (34) durch das Ausstoßrohr (92) anpassbar ist, um dadurch die Größe, zu der das Material in der oberen Innenkammer (34) zerkleinert werden soll, zu regulieren.
  12. Verfahren zum Zerkleinern von Material, wobei:
    ein oberes Gehäuse (12) vorgesehen wird, das eine innere und eine äußere Seite aufweist, wobei die innere Seite eine Innenkammer eingrenzt, die wenigstens ein Loch (56) vorbestimmter Größe aufweist, das zwischen deren äußerer und innerer Seite (12A, 12B) gebildet und so orientiert ist, dass sie zwischen der äußeren und der inneren Seite (12A, 12B) und in einem spitzen Winkel dazu verläuft, um eine Strömungskommunikation zwischen der äußeren Seite und deren oberer Innenkammer (34) zu ermöglichen;
    ein unteres Gehäuse (14) vorgesehen wird, das unterhalb und in einer Tandemanordnung mit dem oberen Gehäuse (12) angeordnet ist, und eine umgekehrte konische Konfiguration aufweist, so dass eine untere Innenkammer (36) des unteren Gehäuses (14) im Wesentlichen kontinuierlich und in Strömungskommunikation mit der oberen Innenkammer (34) des oberen Gehäuses (12) verläuft;
    zu zerkleinerndes Material durch ein oberes Ende (12D) des oberen Gehäuses (12) in die obere Innenkammer (34) befördert wird;
    ein Luftstrom durch das Loch (56) in dem oberen Gehäuse (12) in deren obere Innenkammer (34) längs eines Strömungspfads zugeführt wird, der an der Innenseite des oberen Gehäuses (12) verläuft;
    der innerhalb des oberen Gehäuses (12) zirkulierende Luftstrom weg von dem Loch (56) abgelenkt wird, so dass die innerhalb des oberen Gehäuses (12) zirkulierende Luft nicht die Luft stört, die durch das Loch (56) in die obere Innenkammer (34) strömt, wobei wenigstens eine Ablenkplatte (90) verwendet wird, die an der oberen ringförmigen Seitenwand (24) an der inneren Seite des oberen Gehäuses (12) neben dem Loch (56) befestigt ist und eine ringförmige Konfiguration relativ zu der inneren Seite des oberen Gehäuses (12) aufweist; und
    Luft aus der oberen Innenkammer (34) des oberen Gehäuses (12) durch dessen oberes Ende (12D) ausgestoßen wird, so dass das Zuführen und das Ausstoßen von Luft mit dem Loch (56) in dem oberen Gehäuses (12) und der oberen und der unteren Innenkammer (34, 36) zusammenwirken, um einen zirkulären Wirbelluftstrom innerhalb der oberen und der unteren Innenkammer (34, 36) zu erzeugen, der ein Zerkleinern und Trocknen von Material im Wesentlichen in der oberen Innenkammer (34), eine Bewegung von zerkleinertem Material durch die untere Innenkammer (36) nach unten und einen Auslass des zerkleinerten Materials aus der unteren Innenkammer (36) des unteren Gehäuses (14) durch dessen offenes unteres Ende (30B) bewirkt, wobei die untere Innenkammer (36) eine umgekehrte konische Form aufweist, die den zirkulären Wirbelstrom von Luft und Material in der oberen und der unteren Innenkammer (34, 36) verstärkt.
  13. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12, wobei die zugeführte Luft
    in komprimierter Form vorliegt, und/oder
    in einer Temperatur innerhalb des Bereichs von etwa 4°C (40°F) bis etwa 500°C (900°F) vorliegt, und/oder
    in einem Druck innerhalb des Bereichs von etwa 1,5 mPa (10 psi) bis etwa 90 mPa (600 psi) vorliegt, und/oder
    in einer Geschwindigkeit innerhalb des Bereichs von etwa 0,1 m3/Min. (5 Kubikfuß/Min.) bis etwa 320 m3/Min. (12000 Kubikfuß/Min.) vorliegt, und/oder
    Dampf mit einer Temperatur innerhalb des Bereichs von etwa 100°C (212°F) bis etwa 1100°C (2000°F) aufweist.
  14. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12, wobei ferner die Größe des Lochs (56) des oberen Gehäuses (12) angepasst wird.
EP00916384A 1999-03-23 2000-03-16 Vorrichtung und verfahren zur zerkleinerung von material mittels turbulenter luftströmung Expired - Lifetime EP1194242B1 (de)

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US12557099P 1999-03-23 1999-03-23
US125570P 1999-03-23
PCT/US2000/006853 WO2000056460A1 (en) 1999-03-23 2000-03-16 Apparatus and method for circular vortex air flow material grinding
CA002357938A CA2357938A1 (en) 1999-03-23 2001-09-28 Apparatus and method for circular vortex air flow material grinding

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KR101041275B1 (ko) 2003-09-05 2011-06-14 닛신 엔지니어링 가부시키가이샤 제트밀
US20050132893A1 (en) * 2003-12-17 2005-06-23 Kraft Foods Holdings, Inc. Process for single-stage heat treatment and grinding of coffee beans
US20060029703A1 (en) * 2004-08-06 2006-02-09 Kraft Foods Holdings, Inc. Process for single-stage heat treatment and grinding of mustard bran, and product and its uses
US20060083834A1 (en) * 2004-10-14 2006-04-20 Kraft Foods Holdings, Inc. Process for granulation of wet processed foods and use thereof
US20060286230A1 (en) * 2005-06-15 2006-12-21 Kraft Foods Holdings, Inc. Process for packing separation and granulation of processed food content thereof, and products and uses thereof
DE102008035188A1 (de) 2007-07-31 2009-02-19 Anton Maier Strahlmühle mit einem Fluidstrahl zum Zerkleinern und/oder Trennen eines Mahlgutes
US8726532B2 (en) * 2010-11-01 2014-05-20 Flash Rockwell Technologies, Llc Methods and systems for drying materials and inducing controlled phase changes in substances
WO2012102619A2 (en) 2011-01-24 2012-08-02 Agroplas Asa A materials processing device and method
US9618263B2 (en) 2012-12-14 2017-04-11 Flash Rockwell Technologies, Llc Non-thermal drying systems with vacuum throttle flash generators and processing vessels

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US2316207A (en) * 1941-04-08 1943-04-13 Atlantic Res Associates Inc Method and apparatus for rapidly drying casein curd and like substances
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US2474314A (en) * 1944-11-28 1949-06-28 Johns Manville Method and apparatus for size reduction and fiberizing of crude fibrous materials
US2846151A (en) * 1953-08-17 1958-08-05 Bayer Ag Selective disintegration and separation of pigments
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CA2367908A1 (en) 2000-09-28
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EP1194242A1 (de) 2002-04-10
CA2367908C (en) 2007-08-21
DE60041136D1 (de) 2009-01-29
WO2000056460A1 (en) 2000-09-28
CA2357938A1 (en) 2003-03-28
ES2319851T3 (es) 2009-05-14
MXPA01009555A (es) 2003-08-19
ATE417668T1 (de) 2009-01-15
DK1194242T3 (da) 2009-04-06

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