EP1189253B1 - Kathodenstrahlröhre mit dotierter Oxidkathode - Google Patents

Kathodenstrahlröhre mit dotierter Oxidkathode Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP1189253B1
EP1189253B1 EP01000459A EP01000459A EP1189253B1 EP 1189253 B1 EP1189253 B1 EP 1189253B1 EP 01000459 A EP01000459 A EP 01000459A EP 01000459 A EP01000459 A EP 01000459A EP 1189253 B1 EP1189253 B1 EP 1189253B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cathode
oxide
ray tube
electron
oxides
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01000459A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1189253A1 (de
Inventor
Georg c/o Philips Corp.Int.Prop. GmbH Gärtner
Detlef c/o Philips Corp.Int.Prop. GmbH Raasch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Philips Intellectual Property and Standards GmbH
Koninklijke Philips NV
Original Assignee
Philips Intellectual Property and Standards GmbH
Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Philips Intellectual Property and Standards GmbH, Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV filed Critical Philips Intellectual Property and Standards GmbH
Publication of EP1189253A1 publication Critical patent/EP1189253A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1189253B1 publication Critical patent/EP1189253B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J29/00—Details of cathode-ray tubes or of electron-beam tubes of the types covered by group H01J31/00
    • H01J29/02—Electrodes; Screens; Mounting, supporting, spacing or insulating thereof
    • H01J29/04—Cathodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J1/00—Details of electrodes, of magnetic control means, of screens, or of the mounting or spacing thereof, common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J1/02—Main electrodes
    • H01J1/13—Solid thermionic cathodes
    • H01J1/14—Solid thermionic cathodes characterised by the material
    • H01J1/142—Solid thermionic cathodes characterised by the material with alkaline-earth metal oxides, or such oxides used in conjunction with reducing agents, as an emissive material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cathode ray tube equipped with at least one oxide cathode comprising a cathode support with a cathode base of a cathode metal and a cathode coating of an electron-emitting material containing an alkaline earth oxide selected from the group of oxides of calcium, strontium and barium and rare earth metal ,
  • the function group of the electron beam generation includes an electron-emitting cathode, which generates the electron current in the cathode ray tube and by a control grid, for.
  • An electron-emitting cathode for a cathode ray tube is usually a point-type heatable oxide cathode with an electron-emitting, oxide-containing cathode coating.
  • oxide cathode When the oxide cathode is heated, electrons from the emitting coating are evaporated into the surrounding vacuum. If the Wehnelt cylinder is clamped in relation to the cathode, then the quantity of the escaping electrons and thus the beam current of the cathode ray tube can be controlled.
  • the amount of electrons that can be emitted from the cathode coating depends on the work function of the electron-emitting material.
  • Nickel which is usually used as a cathode base, has a relatively high even Work function. Therefore, the metal of the cathode base is usually coated with a material whose main purpose is to improve the electron-emitting properties of the cathode base.
  • Characteristic of the electron-emitting coating materials of oxide cathodes in cathode ray tubes is that they contain an alkaline earth metal in the form of the alkaline earth metal oxide.
  • a correspondingly shaped sheet of nickel alloy is coated, for example, with the carbonates of the alkaline earth metals in a binder formulation.
  • the carbonates are converted to the oxides at temperatures of about 1000 ° C.
  • This burning of the cathode it already provides a significant emission current, which is not yet stable.
  • This activation process turns the originally non-conducting ion lattice of the alkaline earth oxides into an electronic semiconductor by incorporating donor-type impurities into the crystal lattice of the oxides.
  • the impurities consist essentially of elemental alkaline earth metal, for example calcium, strontium or barium.
  • the electron emission of the oxide cathodes is based on the impurity mechanism.
  • the purpose of the activation process is to provide a sufficient amount of excess elemental alkaline earth metal that allows the oxides in the electron-emitting coating to deliver the maximum emission current at a prescribed heat output.
  • An essential contribution to the activation process is the reduction of barium oxide to elemental barium by alloy components ("activators") of the nickel from the cathode base.
  • the cathode coating constantly loses alkaline earth metal during the life of the cathode.
  • the cathode material evaporates slowly because of the high temperature at the cathode, partly it is sputtered off by the ion current in the cathode ray tube.
  • the elemental alkaline earth metal is repeatedly supplied by reduction of the alkaline earth metal oxide on the cathode metal or activator metal.
  • the subsequent delivery comes to a standstill if a thin but high-resistance interface of alkaline earth silicate or alkaline earth aluminate forms over time between the cathode base and the emitting oxide. Life is also affected by the fact that the supply of activator metal in the nickel alloy of the cathode base is depleted over time.
  • an oxide cathode whose cathode base consists essentially of nickel doped with activators such as silicon, magnesium, aluminum and tungsten coated with an electron-emitting material (cathode coating) of alkaline earth oxides, for example a mixture of barium oxide and strontium oxide.
  • the electron-emitting material contains small amounts of rare earth oxides, wherein the number of rare earth metal atoms in the electron-emitting material is 10 to 500 ppm based on the number of alkaline earth metal atoms and the rare earth metal atoms are distributed substantially uniformly over the upper part of the electron-emitting material layer.
  • the rare-earth doping attempts to reduce the work function of the electron-emitting material and to achieve uniform distribution of the low work function regions.
  • oxide cathodes are out EP-A2-0 210 805 .
  • a description of oxide cathodes is also available in Meltzer and Widell, "Electron-Emission Coating for the Oxide Cathode," pp. 37-63, (1962 ) to find.
  • a cathode ray tube equipped with at least one oxide cathode comprising a cathode support with a cathode base of a cathode metal and a cathode coating of an electron-emitting material with oxide particles, wherein the oxide particles
  • An alkaline earth oxide selected from the group consisting of oxides of calcium, strontium and barium doped with oxide of an oxide selected from the oxides of scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium , Erbium, thulium, ytterbium and lutetium, and the electron-emitting material has an electrical conductivity of 3 * 10 -3 ⁇ -1 cm -1 to 12.5 * 10 -3 ⁇ -1 cm -1 .
  • the invention is based on the idea that in a cathode ray tube with an oxide cathode, the life of the oxide cathode is extended when the electrical conductivity of the cathode coating is adapted to the operating point of the average DC electrical load of the cathode.
  • a cathode ray tube with such an oxide cathode has a uniform beam current over a long period of time because the controlled conductivity of the cathode coating avoids both overheating and excessive cooling of the oxide cathode during operation of the cathode ray tube.
  • the working temperature in the oxide cathode is optimal. As a result, the reaction rate for the formation of elemental barium is optimal.
  • Continuous barium tracking avoids electron emission depletion, as known from conventional oxide cathodes. It can be realized without jeopardizing the cathode life much higher beam current density. This can also be exploited to pull the necessary electron beam currents from smaller cathode areas.
  • the spot size of the cathode spot is critical to the quality of beam focusing on the screen. The image sharpness over the entire screen is increased. In addition, as the cathodes age more slowly, image brightness and image sharpness can be kept stable at a high level throughout the life of the tube. Resolution and brightness of the CRT are improved or the operating temperature of the cathode can be kept lower with the same brightness and resolution.
  • the amount of the oxide doping is 240 ppm.
  • the oxide doping consists of Y 2 O 3 .
  • the barium emission becomes more uniform locally and temporally.
  • oxide cathodes with higher direct current capacity and lifetime.
  • the oxide doping comprises a sesquioxide selected from the sequioids of lanthanum, neodymium, samarium, cerium, praseodymium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium and holmium.
  • the oxide doping contains a sesquioxide selected from the sesquioxides of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium and neodymium.
  • a sesquioxide selected from the sesquioxides of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium and neodymium.
  • the invention also relates to an oxide cathode comprising a cathode support with a cathode base of a cathode metal and a cathode coating of an electron-emitting material with oxide particles, wherein the oxide particles an alkaline earth oxide selected from the group of oxides of calcium, strontium and barium, with an oxide doping of an oxide selected from the oxides of scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium and lutetium, and the electron-emitting material have electrical conductivity from 3 * 10 -3 ⁇ -1 cm -1 to 12.5 * 10 -3 ⁇ -1 cm -1 .
  • a cathode ray tube is equipped with an electron gun, usually including an array of one or more oxide cathodes.
  • An oxide cathode according to the invention comprises a cathode support with a cathode base and a cathode coating.
  • the cathode support contains the heater and the base for the cathode body.
  • the cathode support the structures and materials known from the prior art can be used.
  • the oxide cathode consists of a cathode support, ie a cylindrical tube 3, into which the heating wire 4 is inserted, with a cap 2, which forms the cathode base, and a cathode coating 1, which represents the actual cathode body.
  • the material of the cathode base is usually a nickel alloy.
  • the nickel alloy may consist, for example, of nickel with an alloying component of a reducing activator element selected from the group consisting of silicon, magnesium, aluminum, tungsten, molybdenum, manganese and carbon.
  • the cathode coating contains doped oxide particles.
  • the main constituent of the electron-emitting material is an alkaline earth oxide, preferably barium oxide, together with calcium oxide and / or strontium oxide. They are applied as a physical mixture of alkaline earth oxides or as binary or ternary mixed crystals of the alkaline earth metal oxides. Preferred is a ternary alkaline earth mixed crystal oxide of barium oxide, strontium oxide and calcium oxide or a binary mixture of barium oxide and calcium oxide.
  • the alkaline earth oxide contains a doping of an oxide selected from the oxides of scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium and lutetium in an amount of 120 up to 500 ppm.
  • the ions of mentioned rare earth metals occupy lattice sites or interstitials in the crystal lattice of alkaline earth metal oxides.
  • the doping of barium oxide with trivalent ions is preferably selected from the group of the lanthanum (III), neodymium (III) and samarium (III) ions, because their ionic radii of> 93 ⁇ m are comparable to those of the divalent barium of 135 ⁇ m are. These trivalent ions can occupy the lattice sites of the barium and the doping of the barium oxide lattice occurs without major lattice deformations.
  • Characteristic of the electron-coating of the inventive oxide cathode is its electrical conductivity in the temperature range corresponding to the usual conditions in a cathode ray tube, between 3 * 10 -3 ⁇ -1 cm -1 to 12.5 * 10 -3 ⁇ -1 cm - 1 lies. Due to the controlled conductivity of the cathode a life-time reducing overheating or underheating is avoided.
  • the carbonates of the alkaline earth metals calcium, strontium and barium are milled and with each other and with a starting compound for the oxide of the rare earth metals scandium yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium , Holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium and lutetium mixed in the desired weight ratio.
  • Preferred starting compounds for the oxides of the rare earth metals are the rare earth metal nitrates or rare earth metal hydroxides.
  • the weight ratio of calcium carbonate: strontium carbonate: barium carbonate is 1: 1.25: 6 or 1:12:22 or 1: 1.5: 2.5 or 1: 4: 6
  • the raw material can still be mixed with a binder preparation.
  • the binder preparation may contain as solvent water, ethanol, ethyl nitrate, ethyl acetate or diethyl acetate.
  • the raw material for the cathode coating is then applied by brushing, dipping, cataphoretic Deposition or spraying applied to the carrier.
  • the coated cathode is installed in the cathode ray tube. During the evacuation of the cathode ray tube, the cathode is formed.
  • the alkaline earth carbonates are converted to the alkaline earth oxides to release CO and CO 2 and then form a porous sintered body.
  • Essential in this transformation process is the crystallographic change by mixed crystal formation, which is a prerequisite for a good oxide cathode.
  • the activation takes place, which has the purpose to provide excess embedded in the oxides, elemental alkaline earth metal.
  • the excess alkaline earth metal is formed by reduction of alkaline earth metal oxide.
  • the alkaline earth oxide is reduced by the liberated CO or activator metal from the cathode base.
  • there is a current activation which generates the required free alkaline earth metal by electrolytic processes at high temperatures.
  • a cathode cathode cathode cathode according to a first embodiment of the invention has a cap-shaped cathode base made of an alloy of nickel with 0.03 wt% Mg 0.02 wt% A1 and 1.0 wt% W.
  • the cathode base is located at the top of a cylindrical cathode support (sleeve) in which the heater is mounted.
  • the cathode has a cathode coating on top of the cathode base.
  • the cathode base is first cleaned. Then powders of starting compounds for the oxides are suspended in a solution of ethanol, butyl acetate and nitrocellulose.
  • the powder with the starting compounds for the oxides consists, for example, of barium strontium carbonate in the weight ratio 1: 1.25: 6 with 240 ppm of yttrium oxide.
  • This suspension is sprayed onto the cathode base.
  • the layer is at a Temperature of 1000 ° C is formed to effect the alloying and diffusion between the metal base of the metal base and the metal particles.
  • the oxide cathode thus formed has a conductivity of 6 * 10 -3 ⁇ -1 cm -1 , a direct current carrying capacity of 3.5 A / cm 2 with a lifetime of 20 000 h and a tube internal pressure of about 2 * 10 -4 Pa ( ⁇ 2 * 10 -9 bar).

Landscapes

  • Solid Thermionic Cathode (AREA)
  • Electrodes For Cathode-Ray Tubes (AREA)
EP01000459A 2000-09-14 2001-09-13 Kathodenstrahlröhre mit dotierter Oxidkathode Expired - Lifetime EP1189253B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10045406A DE10045406A1 (de) 2000-09-14 2000-09-14 Kathodenstrahlröhre mit dotierter Oxidkathode
DE10045406 2000-09-14

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1189253A1 EP1189253A1 (de) 2002-03-20
EP1189253B1 true EP1189253B1 (de) 2010-07-14

Family

ID=7656142

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01000459A Expired - Lifetime EP1189253B1 (de) 2000-09-14 2001-09-13 Kathodenstrahlröhre mit dotierter Oxidkathode

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US6600257B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP1189253B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP5226921B2 (zh)
KR (1) KR100776699B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN1254838C (zh)
DE (2) DE10045406A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10254697A1 (de) * 2002-11-23 2004-06-03 Philips Intellectual Property & Standards Gmbh Vakuumelektronenröhre mit Oxidkathode
US8311186B2 (en) * 2007-12-14 2012-11-13 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Bi-directional dispenser cathode
US7786661B2 (en) * 2008-06-06 2010-08-31 General Electric Company Emissive electrode materials for electric lamps and methods of making
KR102123028B1 (ko) * 2018-12-04 2020-06-26 한남대학교 산학협력단 이오나이저용 금속산화물 텅스텐 필라멘트 및 이의 제조방법
KR102123029B1 (ko) * 2018-12-04 2020-06-15 한남대학교 산학협력단 고효율 전자방출용 금속산화물이 코팅된 텅스텐 와이어 및 이의 제조방법

Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1794298A (en) * 1926-09-21 1931-02-24 Gen Electric Thermionic cathode
CA1270890A (en) * 1985-07-19 1990-06-26 Keiji Watanabe Cathode for electron tube
KR910002969B1 (ko) * 1987-06-12 1991-05-11 미쓰비시전기주식회사 전자관음극(cathode for an electron tube)
JPH01143117A (ja) * 1987-11-27 1989-06-05 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 陰極構体
NL9002291A (nl) 1990-10-22 1992-05-18 Philips Nv Oxydekathode.
KR950006905A (ko) * 1993-08-28 1995-03-21 대우전자 주식회사 음극선관용 전자총의 산화물음극
JPH09147735A (ja) * 1995-09-21 1997-06-06 Matsushita Electron Corp 陰極線管用エミッタ材料及びその製造方法
KR100366073B1 (ko) * 1995-10-30 2003-03-06 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 전자관용음극
TW375753B (en) * 1995-12-27 1999-12-01 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Electron tube cathode
JPH09320448A (ja) * 1996-05-28 1997-12-12 Hitachi Ltd 電子管用酸化物陰極及びその製造方法
JP2876591B2 (ja) * 1996-11-29 1999-03-31 三菱電機株式会社 電子管用陰極
JP2000357464A (ja) * 1999-06-14 2000-12-26 Hitachi Ltd 陰極線管
US6495949B1 (en) * 1999-11-03 2002-12-17 Orion Electric Co., Ltd. Electron tube cathode

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR100776699B1 (ko) 2007-11-16
US6600257B2 (en) 2003-07-29
JP5226921B2 (ja) 2013-07-03
DE10045406A1 (de) 2002-03-28
US20020070651A1 (en) 2002-06-13
CN1342988A (zh) 2002-04-03
EP1189253A1 (de) 2002-03-20
JP2002140999A (ja) 2002-05-17
CN1254838C (zh) 2006-05-03
DE50115554D1 (de) 2010-08-26
KR20020021336A (ko) 2002-03-20

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DE2344936C3 (de) Nachlieferungs-Reaktions-Kathode für Elektronenröhren
EP0143222B1 (de) Glühkathode mit hohem Emissionsvermögen für eine Elektronenröhre und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung
DE69503198T2 (de) Vorratskathode und verfahren zur herstellung einer vorratskathode
EP1104933A2 (de) Gasentladungslampe mit Oxidemitter-Elektrode
EP1189253B1 (de) Kathodenstrahlröhre mit dotierter Oxidkathode
EP1232511B1 (de) Oxidkathode
DE2947313C2 (de) Elektronenröhrenkathode
KR100811719B1 (ko) 음극선관 및 산화물 음극
DE69718363T2 (de) Thermionische Kathode und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung
DE10142396A1 (de) Kathode und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung
DE10254697A1 (de) Vakuumelektronenröhre mit Oxidkathode
EP1104005B1 (de) Gasentladungslampe mit Oxidemitter-Elektrode
DE10121442B4 (de) Kathodenstrahlröhre mit Oxidkathode
DE2738207A1 (de) Basismetallplattenwerkstoff fuer eine direkt erhitzte oxidkathode
DE19828729A1 (de) Scandat-Vorratskathode mit Barium-Calcium-Aluminat-Beschichtung
WO2021185922A1 (de) Elektronen emittierende keramik
DE19961672B4 (de) Scandat-Vorratskathode
EP1255274A2 (de) Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Vorratskathode für eine Kathodenstrahlröhre
DE3238817A1 (de) Elektronenroehre und vorratskathode mit impraegnierung von hohem emissionsvermoegen
DE1539521C3 (de) Elektrode für elektrische Entladungslampen

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE TR

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): DE FR GB

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Free format text: AL;LT;LV;MK;RO;SI

RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: PHILIPS CORPORATE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY GMBH

Owner name: KONINKLIJKE PHILIPS ELECTRONICS N.V.

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20020920

AKX Designation fees paid

Free format text: DE FR GB

RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: KONINKLIJKE PHILIPS ELECTRONICS N.V.

Owner name: PHILIPS INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY & STANDARDS GMBH

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20040527

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): DE FR GB

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: NOT ENGLISH

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 50115554

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 20100826

Kind code of ref document: P

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20110415

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R097

Ref document number: 50115554

Country of ref document: DE

Effective date: 20110415

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R081

Ref document number: 50115554

Country of ref document: DE

Owner name: PHILIPS DEUTSCHLAND GMBH, DE

Free format text: FORMER OWNER: PHILIPS INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY & STANDARDS GMBH, 20099 HAMBURG, DE

Effective date: 20140331

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R081

Ref document number: 50115554

Country of ref document: DE

Owner name: PHILIPS GMBH, DE

Free format text: FORMER OWNER: PHILIPS INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY & STANDARDS GMBH, 20099 HAMBURG, DE

Effective date: 20140331

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: CD

Owner name: KONINKLIJKE PHILIPS ELECTRONICS N.V., NL

Effective date: 20141126

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: CA

Effective date: 20141126

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: CD

Owner name: PHILIPS INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY & STANDARDS GMBH, DE

Effective date: 20141126

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R081

Ref document number: 50115554

Country of ref document: DE

Owner name: PHILIPS GMBH, DE

Free format text: FORMER OWNER: PHILIPS DEUTSCHLAND GMBH, 20099 HAMBURG, DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: PLFP

Year of fee payment: 15

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: PLFP

Year of fee payment: 16

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: PLFP

Year of fee payment: 17

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20170929

Year of fee payment: 17

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20171130

Year of fee payment: 17

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20171002

Year of fee payment: 17

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R119

Ref document number: 50115554

Country of ref document: DE

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20180913

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20190402

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20180930

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20180913