EP1189008B1

EP1189008B1 - Heat exchanger

Info

Publication number: EP1189008B1
Application number: EP00308062A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Youichi Nakamura; Kimiaki Nakano
Original assignee: Toyo Radiator Co Ltd
Current assignee: Toyo Radiator Co Ltd
Priority date: 2000-09-15
Filing date: 2000-09-15
Publication date: 2003-11-26
Anticipated expiration: 2020-09-15
Also published as: DE60006813D1; EP1189008A1; DE60006813T2

Description

The present invention relates to a heat exchanger provided with a casing, received in which casing is a heat exchanger core provided with a pair of inlet/outl et convex portions in its opposite end portions, wherein the core has its inlet/outlet convex portions project outward from the casing, and a difference in thermal expansion between the casing and the core is adequately absorbed in the heat exchanger.
A conventional heat exchanger is provided with a casing, which receives therein a heat exchanger core. Apair of inlet/outlet convex portions, for example such as inlet/outlet pipes and their corresponding boss portions in which the inlet/outlet pipes are mounted, are provided in opposite longitudinal end portions of the core. The inlet/outlet convex portions or pipes pass through the casing through a pair of through-hole portions of the casing, are brought into fluid-tight contact therewith and fixedly mounted therein through a suitable fixing means such as soldering and the like. A first fluid is introduced into the core through these inlet/outlet pipes. On the other hand, a second fluid is introduced into the casing so that the exchange of heat between the first and the second fluid is conducted in the conventional heat exchanger.
Now, the problem to be solved by the present invention will be described.
In the conventional heat exchanger having the above construction, for example, cold water which serves as the second fluid is introduced into the casing. On the other hand, hot fluid serving as the first fluid is introduced into the core. Under such circumstances, the casing reaches substantially the same temperature as that of the cold water. On the other hand, the core reaches substantially the same temperature as that of the hot fluid. In this case, the core is larger in thermal expansion than the casing, which causes thermal stresses to concentrate in root portions of the inlet/outlet pipes. Consequently, due to such concentration of the thermal stresses, there is a fear that a crack is produced in the root portions of the inlet/outlet pipes in use.
WO-A-9800679 discloses a heat exchanger according to the preamble of claim 1. Consequently, it would be desirable to be able to provide a heat exchanger, which is provided with means for absorbing any difference in thermal expansion between its components, wherein the means is simple and compact in construction to realize the heat exchanger high in reliability and large in crack-resistance properties.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a heat exchanger comprising: a core provided with a pair of inlet/outlet pipes, wherein said inlet/outlet pipes are longitudinally spaced apart from each other on an outer peripheral surface of said core; a casing for receiving therein said core, wherein said casing is provided with a pair of through-hole portions which are brought into liquid-tight contact with said inlet/outlet pipes of said core, wherein a first fluid and a second fluid are introduced into said core and said casing, respectively, to perform heat exchange between said first fluid and said second fluid; and a bellows interposed between at least one of said inlet/outlet pipes of said core and a corresponding one of said through-hole portions of said casing to realize fluid-tight contact between said bellows and each of said one of said inlet/outlet pipes of said core and said corresponding one of said through-hole portions of said casing, wherein said bellows permits said one of said inlet/outlet pipes of said core to move relative to said corresponding one of said through-hole portions of said casing in a radial direction of said corresponding one of said through-hole portions of said casing, a short sleeve portion larger in diameter than said one of said inlet/outlet pipes of said core is provided in a position corresponding to that of said corresponding one of said through-hole portions of said casing; said short sleeve portion of said casing has its top opening portion brought into fluid-tight contact with one of opposite ends of said bellows, the other one of said opposite ends of said bellows being brought into fluid-tight contact with said one of said inlet/outlet pipes of said core, and said short sleeve portion of said casing is provided with an inner flange portion in its root portion; and, a holding means for slidably holding said inner flange portion of said casing is provided in the root portion of said one of said inlet/outlet pipes of said core.
The holding means may be constructed of a flange member and an upper end plate of said core.
The short sleeve portion of the casing may assume a circular truncated cone shape.
The present invention will be more apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a heat exchanger ;
Fig. 2 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional view of an essential part of the heat exchanger shown in Fig. 1 in use;
Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section view of a first embodiment of the heat exchanger of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of a second embodiment of the heat exchanger of the present invention, illustrating the holding means (9,15) constructed of the flange (9) member provided in an outer peripheral portion of the inlet/outlet pipe (1) and the upper end plate (15) of the core (3); and
Fig. 5 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional view of an essential part of each of the embodiments of the present invention shown in Figs. 3 and 4, respectively, illustrating the bending moment (expressed by the arrow) to which the heat exchanger not provided with the holding means (9,15) are subjected.
The best modes for carrying out the present invention will be described in detail using embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 shows a heat exchanger . Fig. 2 shows deformation in a bellows 6 of the heat exchanger shown in Fig. 1.
The heat exchanger is provided with a core 3 which is of a multi-plate type, in which: a pair of dish-like metallic plates each provided with a pair of communication holes in its opposite end portions have their peripheral edge portions brought into fluid-tight contact and connected with each other to form an heat exchanger element 12; a plurality of the thus formed elements 12 are stacked together into a pile, and connected with each other through their communication holes. As shown in Fig. 1, such a pile thus formed has its top portion covered with an upper end plate 15. This upper end plate 15 of the core 3 is provided with a pair of openings in its opposite end portions, in which openings a pair of inlet/outlet pipes 1 are fixedly mounted to project upward as viewed in Fig. 1. Incidentally, the above-mentioned pile has its bottom portion covered with a lower end plate having no communication hole, so that the core 3 is formed. As is clear from Fig. 1, an outer fin 16 is interposed between adjacent ones of these heat exchanger elements 12.
Each of the inlet/outlet pipes 1 of the core 3 is constructed as a small-diameter pipe. A right-hand one of these inlet/outlet pipes 1 as viewed in Fig. 1 is fixedly mounted in a corresponding one of a pair of through-hole portions 4 of the casing 5 by means of soldering and like fastening means, so that this right-hand one is brought into fluid-tight contact with the corresponding one of the through-hole portions 4 of the casing 5. On the other hand, a left-hand one of the inlet/outlet pipes 1 of the core 3 has its upper end portion connected with a lower end portion of the bellows 6 interposed between the left-hand one of the inlet/outlet pipes 1 and a short pipe 10. As shown in Fig. 1, this short pipe 10 has its upper end portion brought into fluid-tight contact with a top through-hole portion 4 of a short sleeve portion 7 of the casing 5 and fixedly mounted in this top through-hole portion 4 by means of soldering and like fastening means.
The short sleeve portion 7 of the casing 5 is provided in an outer peripheral surface of the casing 5 in a position corresponding to that of the left-hand one of the inlet/outlet pipes 1 of the core 3 to project radially outwardly therefrom. An inner diameter of the short sleeve portion 7 of the casing 5 is sufficiently larger than an outer diameter of the bellows 6 to permit the bellows 6 to deform laterally.
A hot oil serving as a first fluid 17 is introduced into the individual heat exchanger elements 12 of the core 3 through a right-hand one of the inlet/outlet pipes 1 of the core 3, as shown in Fig. 1. Such a first fluid or hot oil 17 thus passed through the core 3 is then discharged out of the left-hand one of the inlet/outlet pipes 1 of the core 3. On the other hand, as viewed from Fig. 1, cold water serving as a second fluid 18 is introduced into the casing 5 from a left-hand inlet opening (not shown), passes through the casing 5, and is then discharged from a right-hand outlet opening (not shown) of the casing 5, wherein heat exchange is performed between the hot oil serving as the first fluid 17 and the cold water serving as the fluid 18. At this time, a difference in thermal expansion appears between each of the elements 12 of the core 3 and the casing 5. Such difference in thermal expansion therebetween is absorbed by deformation of the bellows 6, as shown in Fig. 2. Incidentally, such deformation of the bellows 6 shown in Fig. 2 is exaggerated for the purpose of illustration. An actual amount of such deformation of the bellows 6 is very small in most cases. In any case, the bellows 6 is capable of absorbing any difference in thermal expansion between the components of the heat exchanger of the present invention to reduce thermal stresses imposed on base portions (i.e., root portions) of the inlet/outlet pipes 1 of the core 3.
Next, a first embodiment of the heat exchanger of the present invention is shown in Fig. 3. More specifically, in the first embodiment, an inner flange portion 8 of the casing 5 is provided in the root portion of the sleeve-like portion 7 of the casing 5 of the heat exchanger shown in Fig. 1 to form the first embodiment shown in Fig. 3. In this first embodiment, as is clear from Fig. 3, the inner flange portion 8 is sandwiched between: the upper end plate 15 of the core 3; and a flat surface portion (i.e., flange member 9) of a small reservoir portion 11. In order words, the inner flange portion 8 of the casing 5 is held by holding means 9,15, wherein the holding means 9,15 is constructed of the upper end plate 15 of the core 3 and the flat surface portion (i.e. flange member 9) of the small reservoir portion 11, as is clear from Fig. 3. In the first embodiment of the present invention having the above construction, the small reservoir portion 11 is laterally slidable relative to the inner flange portion 8 of the casing 5. Incidentally, in this first embodiment shown in Fig. 3, the sleeve-like portion 7 assumes a circular truncated cone shape. Consequently, in operation, the root portions of the inlet/outlet pipes 1 in the first embodiment of the present invention shown in Fig. 3 are free from any bending moment resulted from a difference in thermal expansion between the components of the heat exchanger.
In other words, in case that the holding means 9,15 is not provided in the heat exchanger of the present invention, as is clear from Fig. 5, the inlet/outlet pipe 1 is also deformed when the bellows 6 is deformed. As a result of such a deformation of the inlet/outlet pipe 1, the root portion of the inlet/outlet pipe 1 is subjected to a considerably large amount of bending moment (expressed by the arrow of Fig. 5). As is clear from this fact, it is recognized that the holding means 9,15 is capable of effectively minimizing such bending moment.
Fig. 4 is a second embodiment of the heat exchanger of the present invention, in which the holding means 9,15 is constructed of: the flange member 9 mounted on an outer peripheral portion of the inlet/outlet pipe 1; and the upper end plate 15 of the core 3 to permit the inner flange portion 8 of the casing 5 to laterally slidably move relative to the holding means 9,15.
Now, the action and the effect of the present invention will be described.
The bellows 6 of the heat exchanger of the present invention having the above construction is capable of sufficiently absorbing any difference in thermal expansion between the core 3 and casing 5 even when a difference in length between the core 3 and the casing 5 is produced due to their thermal expansion.
Further, as is clear from Fig. 1, the heat exchange of the first embodiment of the present invention is provided with the bellows 6 between the top opening portion of the short sleeve portion 7 of the casing 5 and the inlet/outlet pipe 1 of the core 3, it is possible to prevent the bellows 6 from being exposed outward. Further, it is also possible to permit the bellows 6 to be smoothly deformed within the short sleeve portion 7 of the casing 5, which makes it possible to sufficiently absorb any difference in thermal expansion between the core 3 and the casing 5.
The first embodiment of the heat exchanger of the present invention is provided with the holding means 9,15 in the root portion of the inlet/outlet pipe 1 of the core 3. Since such a holding means 9,15 is slidably movable relative to the inner flange portion 8 of the casing 5, it is possible for the resiliency of such a bellows 6 to minimize any bending moment appearing in the root portion of the inlet/outlet pipe 1 of the core 3, which improves the root portion of the inlet/outlet pipe 1 of the core 3 in reliability.

Claims

A heat exchanger comprising:

a core (3) provided with a pair of inlet/outlet pipes (1), wherein said inlet/outlet pipes (1) are longitudinally spaced apart from each other on an outer peripheral surface of said core (3);

a casing (5) for receiving therein said core (3), wherein said casing (5) is provided with a pair of through-hole portions (4) which are brought into liquid-tight contact with said inlet/outlet pipes (1) of said core (3), wherein a first fluid (17) and a second fluid (18) are introduced into said core (3) and said casing (5), respectively, to perform heat exchange between said first fluid (17) and said second fluid (18); and

a bellows (6) interposed between at least one of said inlet/outlet pipes (1) of said core (3) and a corresponding one of said through-hole portions (4) of said casing (5) to realize fluid-tight contact between said bellows and each of said one of said inlet/outlet pipes (1) of said core (3) and said corresponding one of said through-hole portions (4) of said casing (5), wherein said bellows (6) permits said one of said inlet/outlet pipes (1) of said core (3) to move relative to said corresponding one of said through-hole portions (4) of said casing (5) in a radial direction of said corresponding one of said through-hole portions (4) of said casing (5),

a short sleeve portion (7) larger in diameter than said one of said inlet/outlet pipes (1) of said core (3) is provided in a position corresponding to that of said corresponding one of said through-hole portions (4) of said casing (5); said short sleeve portion (7) of said casing (5) has its top opening portion brought into fluid-tight contact with one of opposite ends of said bellows (6), the other one of said opposite ends of said bellows (6) being brought into fluid-tight contact with said one of said inlet/outlet pipes (1) of said core (3), characterized in that:

said short sleeve portion (7) of said casing (5) is provided with an inner flange portion (8) in its root portion; and, a holding means (9,15) for slidably holding said inner flange portion (8) of said casing (5) is provided in the root portion of said one of said inlet/outlet pipes (1) of said core (3).
A heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1 in which said holding means (9,15) is constructed of a flange member (9) and an upper end plate (15) of said core (3).
The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, in which said short sleeve portion (7) of said casing (5) assumes a circular truncated cone shape.