EP1189007B1 - Heat exchanger - Google Patents
Heat exchanger Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1189007B1 EP1189007B1 EP01121546A EP01121546A EP1189007B1 EP 1189007 B1 EP1189007 B1 EP 1189007B1 EP 01121546 A EP01121546 A EP 01121546A EP 01121546 A EP01121546 A EP 01121546A EP 1189007 B1 EP1189007 B1 EP 1189007B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- chamber
- fluid
- tubes
- tube plate
- evaporative condenser
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
- F25B39/02—Evaporators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
- F25B39/04—Condensers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
- F28B1/00—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser
- F28B1/06—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser using air or other gas as the cooling medium
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D5/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, using the cooling effect of natural or forced evaporation
- F28D5/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, using the cooling effect of natural or forced evaporation in which the evaporating medium flows in a continuous film or trickles freely over the conduits
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D7/0066—Multi-circuit heat-exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat-exchangers for more than two fluids
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D7/0066—Multi-circuit heat-exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat-exchangers for more than two fluids
- F28D7/0083—Multi-circuit heat-exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat-exchangers for more than two fluids with units having particular arrangement relative to a supplementary heat exchange medium, e.g. with interleaved units or with adjacent units arranged in common flow of supplementary heat exchange medium
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D7/10—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
- F28D7/106—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically consisting of two coaxial conduits or modules of two coaxial conduits
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
- F25B2339/04—Details of condensers
- F25B2339/041—Details of condensers of evaporative condensers
Definitions
- the present invention refers to a heat exchanger, that is to say an apparatus in which transfer or exchange of heat occurs between fluids at different temperatures, separated by conducting walls.
- the present invention refers in particular to a tube bundle heat exchanger particularly suitable to be employed as an evaporating, condensing or evaporative condensing device.
- prior art heat exchangers generally require a separate exchanger for subcooling the coolant fluid which from the heat exchanger must be recirculated in the refrigeration system for coolant supply. Said separate heat exchanger consequently involves greater complexity and additional costs.
- EP 031 919 discloses an annular space tube bundle heat exchanger having a greatly increased heat transfer surface.
- Said heat exchanger comprises first tubes in which the primary medium flows and second tubes which act as displacers for this medium and in which the secondary medium flows.
- WO 90/12992 discloses a jacket and straight tube heat exchanger in which two nested sets of tubes are fitted. In the space between the tubes a heat releasing or receiving liquid circulation, or alternatively, a steam-gas circulation, is supplied.
- An object of the present invention is to obviate the drawbacks of the prior art, providing an evaporative condenser comprising a heat exchanger that is versatile, practical, economical and easy to make.
- the heat exchanger according to the invention provides a plurality of pairs of tubes, each pair consisting of an inner tube disposed coaxially to an outer tube so as to leave a space or gap within which a fluid can flow.
- the inner tubes have their ends fixed to a first end tube plate and to a second end tube plate.
- the outer tubes have their ends fixed to a first intermediate tube plate and to a second intermediate tube plate.
- the pairs of tubes are disposed substantially parallel to each other and the tube plates are disposed substantially at right angles to the tubes and parallel to each other.
- the tube plates are laterally surrounded by casings so as to create a first chamber between the first end tube plate and the first intermediate tube plate, an intermediate chamber between the two intermediate tube plates and a second chamber between the second intermediate tube plate and the second end tube plate.
- the fluid to be cooled passes within the inner tubes or ducts and the coolant enters the second chamber, passes in the gaps between the outer tubes or ducts and the inner ducts in which it evaporates and leaves the first chamber.
- the intermediate chamber is used for subcooling the coolant fluid to be sent to the refrigeration system.
- a coolant fluid passes in the inner tubes or ducts, a hot gas enters the first chamber and passes into the gaps between the inner tubes and the outer tubes in which it condenses, the condensed liquid is collected in the second chamber and sent for use.
- the intermediate chamber is used for cooling the oil of the cooling compressor.
- the tubes are advantageously disposed vertically and the tube plates horizontally.
- a liquid is sent into the inner ducts and by means of a fan disposed above the first end tube plate air is sucked form the inner tubes.
- the water flows peripherally from top to bottom in the inner tubes or ducts and air flows axially in the inner ducts, in counter-current from bottom to top.
- a hot gas enters the first chamber, passes in the gaps between inner tubes and outer tubes in which it condenses and the condensed fluid collects in the second chamber and is sent for use.
- the intermediate chamber is used as a cooling tank for the cooling compressor oil.
- this arrangement of the tubes does not involve excessive construction difficulties, with a consequent saving in construction costs, thus stronger and more expensive materials can be used for the tubes, such as stainless steel and titanium.
- provision of the intermediate chamber acting as a fluid cooling tank for the refrigeration system spares the use of an additional heat exchanger for cooling fluid to be sent to the refrigeration system.
- the heat exchanger according to the invention is extremely versatile, since it can be applied to an evaporator, a condenser or an evaporative condenser.
- the heat exchanger 100 comprises a plurality of inner tubes 9 fixed at their ends by expanding or welding respectively to a first top end tube plate 7 and a second bottom end tube plate 7'.
- outer tubes 10 Externally and coaxially to the tubes 9 are disposed outer tubes 10, with a greater inside diameter than the outside diameter of the tubes 9, so as to leave a toroidal space or gap 18 inside which finning 20 can be contained to increase the turbulence of the fluid flow passing along the gap 18.
- the outer tubes 10 are fixed at their ends, by means of welding, to a first intermediate tube plate 8 disposed below the upper tube plate 7 and a second intermediate tube plate 8' disposed above the lower tube plate 7' and below the first intermediate tube plate 8.
- a cylindrical upper casing 14 Disposed between the upper tube plate 7 and the first intermediate tube plate 8 is a cylindrical upper casing 14 which defines an upper cylindrical chamber 24 within which the top parts of the inner tubes 9 are contained.
- a through hole 33 is provided, communicating with a duct 3 which protrudes externally from the casing 14 for outlet/inlet of a fluid from/into the chamber 24.
- a cylindrical intermediate casing 15 Disposed between the first intermediate tube plate 8 and the second intermediate tube plate 8' is a cylindrical intermediate casing 15 which defines a cylindrical intermediate chamber 25 within which the outer tubes 10 coaxial to the inner tubes 9 are contained.
- two through holes 34 and 35 are provided, communicating with the respective ducts 4 and 5 which protrude outward from the intermediate casing 15 for outlet/inlet of a liquid from/into the chamber 25.
- a cylindrical bottom casing 13 Disposed between the second intermediate tube plate 8' and the bottom tube plate 7' is a cylindrical bottom casing 13 which defines a cylindrical bottom chamber 23 inside which the bottom parts of the inner tubes 9 are contained.
- a through hole 36 is provided, communicating with a duct 6 which protrudes outward from the bottom casing 13 for outlet/inlet of a fluid from/into the chamber 23.
- an upper cylindrical wall 12 is provided above which a roof plate 11 is mounted, so as to delimit an upper end chamber.
- the upper end chamber is divided into a first upper end chamber 40 and a second upper end chamber 41.
- the roof plate 11 has two through holes 31 and 32 which put two outer ducts 1 and 2 respectively in communication with the first upper end chamber 40 and the second upper end chamber 41.
- the ducts 1 and 2 protrude upward from the top plate 11 for inlet/outlet of fluid into/out of the upper end chambers 40 and 41.
- a cylindrical bottom wall 12' supported by a base plate 11' is disposed so as to define a lower end chamber 43.
- the fluid to be cooled which for example can be a liquid, is introduced, through the inlet duct 1, into the first upper end chamber 40, from which it enters the inner tubes 9 in which it undergoes a first cooling.
- the fluid to be cooled then comes out of the inner tubes 9 in the lower end chamber 43 and, through pressure, enters other inner tubes 9, the top end of which opens into the second upper end chamber 41. In this manner the fluid to be cooled undergoes a second cooling and exits into the second top chamber 41.
- the cooled fluid leaves the second upper end chamber 41 through the outlet duct 2 and goes for use.
- the coolant fluid coming from a refrigeration system, passes through the inlet duct 6 and is let into the lower chamber 23.
- the coolant fluid passes from the lower chamber 23 into the gaps 18 between the inner tubes 9 and the outer tubes 10.
- finnings 20 the flow of coolant fluid becomes turbulent and there is a greater heat exchange between the coolant fluid and the walls of the inner tubes which are heated by the fluid to be cooled which circulates inside the inner tubes 9.
- the coolant fluid begins to evaporate, removing heat from the walls of the inner tubes 9 and thus aiding cooling of the fluid to be cooled by means of thermal exchange with the walls of the inner tubes 9.
- the evaporated coolant fluid leaving the spaces 18 goes into the upper chamber 24 which also serves to retain the liquid drops of the coolant fluid which has not evaporated. Steam leaves the chamber 24 through the outlet duct 3 and returns to the refrigeration compressor.
- the intermediate chamber 25 can be used as a tank for coolant liquid coming from the condenser of the refrigeration system.
- the coolant liquid coming from the refrigeration system is introduced, by means of the duct 4, into the intermediate chamber 25, in which it is in contact with the outer surface of the outer tubes 10 which have a temperature equal to the lower evaporation temperature of the coolant fluid entering the space 18, thus the liquid inside the intermediate chamber 25 is cooled.
- the cooled liquid is made to leave the intermediate chamber 25 through the outlet duct 5 and is sent to the refrigeration system.
- This cooling of the cooling liquid in the intermediate chamber 25 is very important, because it increases the enthalpy variation of the cooling liquid and consequently the efficiency of the refrigeration compressor.
- prior art heat exchangers are connected to air condensation or evaporative condenser refrigeration systems in which a containment tank is installed for the coolant liquid. Said tank is connected to an additional heat exchanger on which a thermostatic control is also installed to cause part of the coolant to expand. This results in further structural complications and additional costs for the separate exchanger and the containment tank for the coolant liquid.
- a coolant fluid enters the duct 1, for example cold water coming from the refrigeration system, which circulates inside the inner tubes 9, so as to cool the wall of the inner tubes.
- a heat exchange takes place between the hot gas circulating in the gaps or spaces 18 and the walls of the inner tubes 9, which causes condensation of the hot gas that circulates in the gaps 18.
- the heat exchanger according to the invention avoids the use of an additional heat exchanger for cooling oil in the screw refrigeration compressor, required in prior art exchangers.
- a heat exchanger 100 has been illustrated in which the tube bundle 9 and 10 is vertically disposed and the tube plates 7, 8, 8', 7' are horizontally disposed, however a heat exchanger can be provided in which the tube bundle 9 and 10 is horizontally disposed or inclined and the tube plates 7, 8, 8', 7' are vertically disposed or inclined, without thereby departing from the scope of the invention.
- Said heat exchanger is designated as a whole by reference numeral 300 and is applied to an evaporative condenser, designated as a whole with reference numeral 200.
- the heat exchanger 300 is substantially similar to the heat exchanger 100 described in the first embodiment.
- the upper wall 12, the dividing or partition wall 42, the roof plate 11, the lower wall 12' and the base plate 11' are eliminated.
- a cylindrical casing 50 which defines a cylindrical chamber 51 is mounted above the top plate 7 of the heat exchanger 300.
- a helical or centrifugal ventilator 52 able to generate an air flow from the bottom upward in the chamber 51 is mounted inside the cylindrical chamber 51.
- the cylindrical casing 50 has a through hole 54 in communication with a duct 53 for entry of a fluid into the chamber 51.
- delivery nozzles 55 are provided in the vicinity of the entry mouths of the inner tubes 9, so that a fluid can be introduced uniformly into the tubes 9.
- a containment tank 60 is provided for a fluid, preferably in liquid form and in particular water.
- the tank 60 is connected by means of a hydraulic duct 62 to the inlet duct 53 of the chamber 51.
- a pump 63 is provided to allow the flow of water in the hydraulic duct 62 from the bottom upward, that is to say from the tank 60 to the inlet duct 53 of the chamber 51.
- the hydraulic duct 62 can also be connected to the delivery nozzles 55.
- the fan 52 draws air from the bottom upward into the chamber 51, thus the air is also drawn inside the tube 9. Consequently a flow of water is produced that flows peripherally, from top to bottom, inside each inner tube 9 and a flow of air is produced which flows axially, counter-current, from bottom to top inside each inner tube 9. Air thus enters the tube 9 from beneath the bottom tube plate 7' and exits from the tubes 9 in the chamber 51, into which it is drawn by the fan 52.
- the water in direct contact with the air, in part evaporates, removing heat and cooling the walls of the tubes 9. Consequently the hot gas which is introduced from the duct 3 into the upper chamber 24, passing in the gaps 18 is cooled by thermal exchange with the inner tubes 9.
- the hot gas in the gap 18 condenses and the condensed liquid collects in the bottom chamber 23, from which it exits through the duct 6 and is sent for use.
- the intermediate chamber 25 of the evaporative condenser 200 can be used as an oil tank and cooler for the screw compressor refrigeration system.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
- Power Steering Mechanism (AREA)
- Compression-Type Refrigeration Machines With Reversible Cycles (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ITMI002039 | 2000-09-19 | ||
IT2000MI002039A IT1318877B1 (it) | 2000-09-19 | 2000-09-19 | Scambiatore di calore |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1189007A2 EP1189007A2 (en) | 2002-03-20 |
EP1189007A3 EP1189007A3 (en) | 2005-02-09 |
EP1189007B1 true EP1189007B1 (en) | 2006-11-02 |
Family
ID=11445823
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01121546A Expired - Lifetime EP1189007B1 (en) | 2000-09-19 | 2001-09-10 | Heat exchanger |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1189007B1 (it) |
AT (1) | ATE344430T1 (it) |
DE (1) | DE60124191T2 (it) |
ES (1) | ES2275594T3 (it) |
IT (1) | IT1318877B1 (it) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10634401B2 (en) | 2015-05-28 | 2020-04-28 | Efficient Energy Gmbh | Heat pump with interleaved evaporator/condenser arrangement |
Families Citing this family (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN100427870C (zh) * | 2006-06-30 | 2008-10-22 | 华南理工大学 | 多相流非饱和管内蒸发直接冷却装置 |
WO2008089777A1 (fr) * | 2007-01-24 | 2008-07-31 | Bougriou Cherif | Echangeur de chaleur a doubles tubes concentriques et calandre |
WO2009016244A2 (de) * | 2007-08-01 | 2009-02-05 | Georg Albersinger | Kwk-vorrichtung |
CN101825271B (zh) * | 2009-03-06 | 2016-04-13 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种多液相平行分布的换热器 |
CN101963466A (zh) * | 2009-07-22 | 2011-02-02 | 中国石油化工集团公司 | 一种不互溶液体多孔进料的换热器 |
DE102010008175B4 (de) * | 2010-02-16 | 2014-12-04 | Thesys Gmbh | Wärmeübertrager |
CN102072678B (zh) * | 2010-12-03 | 2012-09-26 | 新地能源工程技术有限公司 | 水浴式气化器 |
CN102410527A (zh) * | 2011-11-10 | 2012-04-11 | 王海波 | 用于锅炉烟气余热回收的复合相变换热器 |
CN103292309A (zh) * | 2013-06-19 | 2013-09-11 | 铁岭众缘环保设备制造有限公司 | 蒸汽锅炉复合余热回收装置 |
DE102015105378A1 (de) * | 2015-04-09 | 2016-10-13 | Denso Automotive Deutschland Gmbh | Kältemittelkreislauf, insbesondere für ein Kraftfahrzeug |
CN110567288B (zh) * | 2019-08-16 | 2020-11-20 | 新疆金禾山能源科技有限公司 | 一种烟气除湿消白用冷凝换热器 |
CN114320522B (zh) * | 2020-09-29 | 2023-07-14 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | 一种用于发动机的冷却装置及发动机 |
CN115307461B (zh) * | 2022-07-19 | 2023-04-07 | 李清军 | 一种工业设备降温循环的管式换热器 |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH402027A (de) * | 1962-07-11 | 1965-11-15 | Escher Wyss Ag | Röhrenwärmeaustauscher |
US4284133A (en) * | 1979-09-19 | 1981-08-18 | Dunham-Bush, Inc. | Concentric tube heat exchange assembly with improved internal fin structure |
US4326582A (en) * | 1979-09-24 | 1982-04-27 | Rockwell International Corporation | Single element tube row heat exchanger |
DE2951549A1 (de) * | 1979-12-21 | 1981-07-02 | Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt | Ringspalt-rohrbuendel-waermetauscher |
GB2129110A (en) * | 1982-10-14 | 1984-05-10 | Huetoetechnika Ipari Szoevetke | Condenser |
JPS61285389A (ja) * | 1985-06-12 | 1986-12-16 | Toshiba Corp | 熱交換器 |
FI88203C (fi) * | 1989-04-26 | 1993-04-13 | Kalervo Paeivioe Maekinen | Anordning foer oeverfoering av vaerme |
US5048597A (en) * | 1989-12-18 | 1991-09-17 | Rockwell International Corporation | Leak-safe hydrogen/air heat exchanger in an ACE system |
US5377500A (en) * | 1993-06-03 | 1995-01-03 | Fast Maker Enterprise Co., Ltd. | Water cooled air conditioner |
US5735342A (en) * | 1996-05-17 | 1998-04-07 | Nitta; Minoru | Heat exchanger |
-
2000
- 2000-09-19 IT IT2000MI002039A patent/IT1318877B1/it active
-
2001
- 2001-09-10 AT AT01121546T patent/ATE344430T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-09-10 ES ES01121546T patent/ES2275594T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-09-10 DE DE60124191T patent/DE60124191T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-09-10 EP EP01121546A patent/EP1189007B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10634401B2 (en) | 2015-05-28 | 2020-04-28 | Efficient Energy Gmbh | Heat pump with interleaved evaporator/condenser arrangement |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1189007A2 (en) | 2002-03-20 |
IT1318877B1 (it) | 2003-09-10 |
ITMI20002039A1 (it) | 2002-03-19 |
ES2275594T3 (es) | 2007-06-16 |
DE60124191D1 (de) | 2006-12-14 |
DE60124191T2 (de) | 2007-09-13 |
EP1189007A3 (en) | 2005-02-09 |
ATE344430T1 (de) | 2006-11-15 |
ITMI20002039A0 (it) | 2000-09-19 |
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