EP1186952A1 - Verfahren zur Beschichtung einer laufenden Bahn - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Beschichtung einer laufenden Bahn Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1186952A1
EP1186952A1 EP01203370A EP01203370A EP1186952A1 EP 1186952 A1 EP1186952 A1 EP 1186952A1 EP 01203370 A EP01203370 A EP 01203370A EP 01203370 A EP01203370 A EP 01203370A EP 1186952 A1 EP1186952 A1 EP 1186952A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
web
process according
coating
gelatine
emulsion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP01203370A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Anton Van Der Pluym
Fuyuhiko Mori
Jan Bastiaan Bouwstra
Yuzo Toda
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fujifilm Manufacturing Europe BV
Original Assignee
Fujifilm Manufacturing Europe BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from EP00203106A external-priority patent/EP1186951A1/de
Application filed by Fujifilm Manufacturing Europe BV filed Critical Fujifilm Manufacturing Europe BV
Priority to EP01203370A priority Critical patent/EP1186952A1/de
Publication of EP1186952A1 publication Critical patent/EP1186952A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/74—Applying photosensitive compositions to the base; Drying processes therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/76—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers
    • G03C1/775—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers the base being of paper
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/76—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers
    • G03C1/775—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers the base being of paper
    • G03C1/79—Macromolecular coatings or impregnations therefor, e.g. varnishes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/76—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers
    • G03C1/795—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers the base being of macromolecular substances
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/76—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers
    • G03C1/795—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers the base being of macromolecular substances
    • G03C1/7954—Polyesters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/74—Applying photosensitive compositions to the base; Drying processes therefor
    • G03C2001/7496—Viscosity range
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C2200/00—Details
    • G03C2200/51—Polyvinyl chloride
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
    • G03C5/16—X-ray, infrared, or ultraviolet ray processes
    • G03C5/164—Infrared processes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of coating a continuously moving web, which comprises heating the surface of the web and setting a surface potential by a discharging device prior to applying one or more coating solutions (hereinafter referred to as "emulsion").
  • Said coating methodology is especially suitable for producing photographic materials such as photosensitised material film and photographic print paper at a high speed and with an excellent uniformity of the emulsion thickness.
  • the speed of coating is regarded as one of the important factors that influences the economical value of the product.
  • EP-A 0530752 it has been suggested to apply electrostatic charges on the surface of the web in order to prevent the air entrainment and to increase the coating speed significantly.
  • the application of the electrostatic charge is limited by the applied voltage.
  • a high voltage, which is needed as the coating speed is increasing, will result in a non-uniform coating thickness that causes a visible quality problem on the photographic product, known as "blur" or "mottle" defect.
  • the suggested coating methodology involves thus heating the web, followed by electrostatic charging the web prior to coating the emulsion.
  • EP 0 969 314 A is directed to a coating method for curtain coating wherein a deflector is moved at a relative speed between 20 and 350 mm/s.
  • a deflector is moved at a relative speed between 20 and 350 mm/s.
  • JP 57.102622 A concerns with an extrusion process for making a photographic base paper wherein the paper substrate is treated with corona and heated to 80-170 C prior to PE lamination. IR as heating means is mentioned, but again nothing is taught nor suggested with respect to specific wavelengths.
  • a need for a high speed coating method comprises of pre-heating and electrostatic charging the web, without having the problem with emulsion setting and non-uniformity of emulsion thickness caused by the non-uniform surface charge on the web.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a coating method for fulfilling the need described above that can not be realised by the conventional coating methods.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a coating method wherein an excellent uniformity of emulsion's thickness can be realised and, thus, providing a photographic material which is free from blur or mottle defects.
  • the foregoing object of the invention has been achieved by the provision of a coating process for coating a continuously moving web, comprising a heat treatment of the surface of the web with Infrared radiation having a wavelength of between 0.78 and 3.75 ⁇ m, prior or after setting a surface potential on the web with a discharging device, followed by applying at least one emulsion layer on the web with a coating device wherein the viscosity of the undermost emulsion layer, which comprises a solution containing at least gelatine, is lower than 40 mPas (at a shear rate of 50 sec -1 ).
  • the invention resides on the need for an improved product quality, especially the blur or mottle defect and an increase of the coating speed.
  • the most serious bottleneck for said method is the emulsion setting problem which will occur especially when the viscosity of the undermost layer is low.
  • the emulsion setting problem will not occur even at a very low viscosity of the undermost emulsion layer, when we heat up the surface of the web by using Infra Red radiation, especially at the wavelength which is defined as the Near Infra Red.
  • This invention provides thus a high speed coating method that contains a minimum level of the blur quality defect, and that does not result in any form of emulsion setting problem.
  • the invented method comprises heat treatment of the web by using Infra Red radiation, setting a surface potential on the surface of the web by a discharging device before coating the emulsion layers wherein the viscosity of the undermost emulsion layer is lower than 40 mPas.
  • the theory behind the above mentioned effect may perhaps be found in the fact that the Infra Red has a specific physical characteristic to interact with most of the hydroxyl groups which are mainly present on the surface of the web that is undercoated with gelatine.
  • This effect which is different compared to the conventional method where the whole web is heated, has presumably resulted in heat treatment of the web-surface only. Consequently, a relatively low amount of heat is absorbed by the web, which will not cause emulsion setting problem.
  • the high surface temperature will still increase the mobility of the ions at the surface of the web, resulting in a uniform potential distribution.
  • the Infra Red wavelength between 0.78 and 1.5 ⁇ m which is known as the Near Infra Red
  • the said coating method can be applied to a web which has a surface temperature, measured directly after the heat treatment, of up to 120°C without having any emulsion setting problem. At this surface temperature, the surface potential is distributed very uniformly, such that the observed small non-uniformity of the emulsion thickness can only originate from the coating nozzle.
  • the (N)IR apparatus which may be used according to this invention has a wavelength distribution between 0.50 and 3.75 ⁇ m and has a maximum spectral radiation at a wavelength of 0.8 ⁇ m.
  • the unique characteristics of the NIR lamps used according to the invention lies in the fact that it can generate a radiation temperature of 2000 degree K, whereas a conventional IR lamps can only generates radiation temperature of less than 2000K (Ullmann's Encyclopaedia Vol. B3, 15 -4).
  • a high radiation temperature can be generated, especially at a wavelength between 0.78 and 1.5 ⁇ m.
  • the web temperature can be increased in an extremely short treatment period, usually less than 1 seconds, even at coating speed higher than 250 m/min.
  • the Near Infrared device at a radiation temperature above 2500°K, preferably above 3000°K.
  • the advantage of applying such a high web temperature is that one can use electrodes which are known to cause a poor potential distribution, e.g. needles, brush etc.
  • the minimum temperature at the surface of the web is 30°C. At temperature lower than 30°C, the mobility of the ions will be very low and no significant blur improvement can be expected.
  • the preference temperature range for the surface of the web according to the invention is between 35°C and 90°C, and more preferably from above 45°C to 85°C.
  • the surface potential discharging device is located in between the Infra Red radiation device and the coating nozzle
  • the Infra red radiation device is located in between the surface potential discharging device and the coating nozzle.
  • the difference between these two alignments lies in the necessity of heating up the surface of the web before or after setting the surface potential on the web by the discharging device.
  • it is preferable to heat up the web first before setting the surface potential since the surface of plastic films is easier to be stretched flat at a high temperature.
  • the surface of the web is already flat even at room temperature. Therefore, charging of surface potential on said paper can be effectively done at low surface temperature whereafter the Infra Red radiation will heat up the web-surface and provide a uniform potential distribution on the surface of the web.
  • web is intended to include those of paper, plastic film, resin-coated paper and synthetic paper, wherein an undercoat layer of gelatine is formed on the web.
  • the material of the plastic film examples include polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, vinyl copolymers such as polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl chloride and polystyrene, polyamide such as 6,6-nylon and 6-nylon, polyesters such as polyethylene terephtalate, polyethylene-2 and 6-naphthalate and polycarbonate, and cellulose acetates such as cellulose triacetate and cellulose diacetate.
  • the resin employed for manufacturing the resin-coated paper is typically polyolefin, such as polyethylene.
  • coating solution or "emulsion” as used herein is intended to include a variety of coating solutions, such as those used to form a photo emulsion layer, undercoat layer, protective layer, and a back layer thereby to form a photographic or photo-sensitive material, or those for forming an adhesive layer or colouring layer.
  • the emulsion or coating solution comprises at least gelatine solution.
  • suitable gelatine are pigskin gelatines, bone gelatines, fish gelatines, gelatine produced by biotechnological process, chemically modified gelatines and hydrolysed gelatines.
  • Photo-sensitive layers containing silver-halide, colour filter layers and a protective layer were coated on the web by means of a slide coating method.
  • the total quantity of emulsion solution was 95 cc/m 2 .
  • the undermost layer which was a yellow colouring layer, had a gelatine concentration of 3.5 ⁇ 6 wt.%, a viscosity of 15 ⁇ 40 mPas (at a shear rate of 50 sec -1 ) and a flow rate of 10 cc/m 2 .
  • the coating was carried out with a coating gap of 200 ⁇ m and a coating pressure of about 60 mm H 2 O under the atmospheric pressure.
  • Photo-sensitive layers containing silver-halide, colour filter layers and a protective layer were coated on the web by means of a slide coating method.
  • the total quantity of emulsion solution was 95 cc/m 2 .
  • the undermost layer which was a yellow colouring layer, had a gelatine concentration of 3.5 wt.%, a viscosity of 15 mPas (at a shear rate of 50 sec -1 ) and a flow rate of 10 cc/m 2 .
  • the coating was carried out with a coating gap of 200 ⁇ m and a coating pressure of about 60 mm H 2 O under the atmospheric pressure.
  • a surface potential was applied to the web by a corona discharge-like electrode.
  • the web was heated by using a Near Infrared (NIR) heating, which has a radiation temperature higher than 2500 K.
  • the desired surface temperature was achieved by adjusting the NIR radiation temperature.
  • the distance between the heater and slide coating device was designed as short as possible in order to keep temperature losses minimal. Thereafter the web was coated at a web-temperature varying between 22 °C to 75°C, while the web-surface potential was varied up to 1.00 kV.
  • the surface potential was recorded in machine- and cross web direction.
  • the coating quality was determined by measuring the whiteness parameters -a and -b. The bigger the variation in a and b, the bigger the mottle. Measurements were done using a BARBIERI electronic spectrophotometer model Spectro 100xy.
  • the surface potential as well as the temperature of the web surface was measured just before applying the emulsion.
  • the noise and the uniformity of the surface potential are improved significantly by increasing the webtemperature.
  • the improvement in quality is reflected in a reduction of the a- and b-variations.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
EP01203370A 2000-09-06 2001-09-06 Verfahren zur Beschichtung einer laufenden Bahn Withdrawn EP1186952A1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP01203370A EP1186952A1 (de) 2000-09-06 2001-09-06 Verfahren zur Beschichtung einer laufenden Bahn

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP00203106 2000-09-06
EP00203106A EP1186951A1 (de) 2000-09-06 2000-09-06 Verfahren zur Beschichtung einer laufenden Bahn
EP01203370A EP1186952A1 (de) 2000-09-06 2001-09-06 Verfahren zur Beschichtung einer laufenden Bahn

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1186952A1 true EP1186952A1 (de) 2002-03-13

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01203370A Withdrawn EP1186952A1 (de) 2000-09-06 2001-09-06 Verfahren zur Beschichtung einer laufenden Bahn

Country Status (1)

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EP (1) EP1186952A1 (de)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1999047276A1 (de) * 1998-03-16 1999-09-23 Advanced Photonics Technologies Ag Verfahren zur pulverlackierung
EP0969314A1 (de) * 1996-10-09 2000-01-05 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Vorhangsbeschichtungsverfahren
EP1130460A1 (de) * 2000-03-03 2001-09-05 Fuji Photo Film B.V. Verfahren zur Herstellung polymerlaminierter Papierträger und durch dieses Verfahren hergestellte polymerlaminierte photographische Papierträger

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0969314A1 (de) * 1996-10-09 2000-01-05 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Vorhangsbeschichtungsverfahren
WO1999047276A1 (de) * 1998-03-16 1999-09-23 Advanced Photonics Technologies Ag Verfahren zur pulverlackierung
EP1130460A1 (de) * 2000-03-03 2001-09-05 Fuji Photo Film B.V. Verfahren zur Herstellung polymerlaminierter Papierträger und durch dieses Verfahren hergestellte polymerlaminierte photographische Papierträger

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