EP1186463A1 - Method for operating a drive using an internal combustion engine and an electric machine - Google Patents

Method for operating a drive using an internal combustion engine and an electric machine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1186463A1
EP1186463A1 EP00118614A EP00118614A EP1186463A1 EP 1186463 A1 EP1186463 A1 EP 1186463A1 EP 00118614 A EP00118614 A EP 00118614A EP 00118614 A EP00118614 A EP 00118614A EP 1186463 A1 EP1186463 A1 EP 1186463A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion engine
internal combustion
electrical machine
operating
drive
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP00118614A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Uwe Dehrmann
Marco Dr. Falco
Hans-Peter Johanning
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to EP00118614A priority Critical patent/EP1186463A1/en
Priority to PCT/EP2001/009474 priority patent/WO2002018169A1/en
Priority to EP01976094A priority patent/EP1313628B1/en
Priority to ES01976094T priority patent/ES2396601T3/en
Priority to US10/363,113 priority patent/US7040269B2/en
Publication of EP1186463A1 publication Critical patent/EP1186463A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/04—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
    • F02D41/06—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up
    • F02D41/068—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up for warming-up
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/15—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with additional electric power supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
    • F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/024—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D2041/026—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus using an external load, e.g. by increasing generator load or by changing the gear ratio
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a Drive with an internal combustion engine and an electric one Machine according to the preamble of claim 1; on such a method is e.g. known from DE 197 52 661 A1.
  • DE 197 52 661 A1 describes an electrical system for a motor vehicle with a combined drive using an electric Machine and an internal combustion engine operating on the same drive train.
  • the electrical machine supports e.g. on the one hand as the engine the starting process of the Internal combustion engine and on the other hand gives charging power as a generator to a vehicle operating battery and if necessary to an additional short-time starting capacitor.
  • a shortened warm-up phase reduced fuel consumption and exhaust gas pollution can be, according to the invention, preferably in Cold start operation, the electric machine as an additional Load of the internal combustion engine in the sense of a targeted cant of its heat loss compared to a normal one Driving operation used; in this sense the combustion engine reaches their optimal, faster due to low consumption and low exhaust gas pollution marked operating point; if the outside temperature is cool enough at the same time a faster heating of the interior of a Motor vehicle without a separate auxiliary heater can be achieved.
  • a first embodiment of the method according to the invention can the additional load by a corresponding of the electrical machine operating in generator mode an operating battery, preferably to an electrical one Main battery in a motor vehicle ensuring basic supply, delivered charging power can be achieved.
  • the setting of a deliberately worsened efficiency the electrical machine can e.g. with an asynchronous machine with field-oriented magnetic flux control, e.g. out DE 197 52 661 A1 mentioned at the beginning is known per se, by deliberately changing the magnetizing current from the in the known case to minimize electrical losses desired value can be achieved.
  • the figure shows, starting from that from DE 197 52 661 A1 known Brodnetz a drive for a motor vehicle hybrid drive with an internal combustion engine VB and one electrical machine in the form of a field-oriented regulated Asynchronous machine as a starter generator SG.
  • the electrical system shown in the figure can basically be divided into a first on-board power supply U1 with a Voltage level of e.g. 12 volts according to the voltage the battery B, in a second on-board power supply unit U2 for supply of high-current consumers with a voltage level of e.g. 180 volts, in a third on-board power supply U3 with a Voltage level of e.g. 400 volts to charge a start capacitor K to start an internal combustion engine VB a starter generator that can be fed via a converter U. SG; the third on-board power supply U3 is used in generator operation of the Starter generator SG continues to do so, its output voltage with a voltage level regulated via the converter U. of approximately 180 volts to the voltage level of the second on-board power supply Adapt U2.
  • a control section is used to optimize energy consumption Operation of the asynchronous machine provided as the starter generator SG, preferably with squirrel cage.
  • the starter generator SG In the course of preparing to start the internal combustion engine VB the starter generator SG then working as an asynchronous motor e.g. after actuation of the ignition key, using a Boost converter HSST (DC-DC converter) via the connection V1 a start capacitor K in the third on-board power supply U3 from the Battery B charged to a voltage of approximately 400 volts. Switches S1 and S2 in connection V2 and V3 are during this charging phase of the start capacitor K opened. By a Diode D1 in connection V1 is in the opposite direction locked to battery B.
  • Boost converter HSST DC-DC converter
  • the internal combustion engine VB with the help of the asynchronous motor of the starter generator SG a speed of approx. 400-700 U / min are ramped up; in the In the case of electronic valve control, the valves are expediently fully opened during startup and thus without compression.
  • the internal combustion engine VB ignited at normal valve position and the starter generator SG can be switched off on the drive side. If at Starting process the energy pre-stored in the starting capacitor K.
  • the starter generator can Switch to generator mode.
  • the switch S2 is opened and thus the connection V2 is interrupted and the switch S1 closed and thus the connection V3 from the on-board power supply U3 to the on-board power supply U2 manufactured; the step-up converter HSST is expediently put out of operation.
  • the starter generator SG now works in generator mode and supplies via the regulated DC link voltage of the on-board power supply U3 the on-board power supply U2 and the high-current consumers connected to it.
  • the electrical losses in the converter U and in the asynchronous machine provided for the starter-generator SG are advantageous kept low in that in a field-oriented control FOR the inner moment M i1 of the asynchronous machine of the starter generator SG is set according to the principle of loss-optimized control or regulation of the rotor flux by appropriate adaptation of the magnetizing current as a function of an active current determined in accordance with the respectively required drive torque becomes.
  • an additional load of the internal combustion engine VB in the sense of a targeted increase in its heat loss, in particular to shorten the warm-up phase can be set by deviating from the magnetizing current previously provided according to DE 197 52 661 A1 with regard to optimum efficiency.
  • an optimizer OPT is provided for switching over between known operation with optimal efficiency on the one hand and operation which deviates from this in the sense of an excessive power loss.
  • the specification of a corresponding nominal value for the field-oriented control FOR by setting an appropriate target torque M to * or equivalent magnetizing current flow to occur.
  • the speed of the internal combustion engine VB is given to the optimizer OPT and to the field-oriented control FOR via a speed sensor S.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The method involves operating the electrical machine (SG) as an additional load on the internal combustion engine (VB) for the purpose of causing a directed increase in the heat losses of the internal combustion engine. The generator is operated as an additional load to charge an operating battery, especially a vehicle battery for the basic electrical supply of the vehicle.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Antriebes mit einer Verbrennungsmaschine und einer elektrischen Maschine gemäß Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1; ein derartiges Verfahren ist z.B. aus der DE 197 52 661 A1 bekannt.The invention relates to a method for operating a Drive with an internal combustion engine and an electric one Machine according to the preamble of claim 1; on such a method is e.g. known from DE 197 52 661 A1.

Die DE 197 52 661 A1 beschreibt ein Bordnetz für ein Kraftfahrzeug mit einem kombinierten Antrieb mittels einer elektrischen Maschine und einer Verbrennungsmaschine, die auf den gleichen Antriebsstrang wirken. Die elektrische Maschine unterstützt z.B. einerseits als Motor den Startvorgang der Verbrennungsmaschine und gibt andererseits als Generator Ladeleistung an eine Fahrzeug-Betriebsbatterie und gegebenenfalls an einen zusätzlichen Kurzzeit-Startkondensator ab. Um im Generatorbetrieb des Starter-Generators mit möglichst großem Wirkunggrad und somit mit möglichst geringer Belastung der Energiespeicher bzw. Energieversorger arbeiten zu können, sind die elektrischen Verluste sowohl im Umrichter als auch in der für den Starter-Generator vorgesehenen Asynchronmaschine in vorteilhafter Weise dadurch gering gehalten, daß in einer feldorientierten Regelung das innere Moment der Asynchronmaschine des Starter-Generators nach dem Prinzip der verlustoptimalen Steuerung bzw. Regelung des Rotorflusses durch entsprechende Adaptierung des Magnetisierungsstromes in Abhängigkeit von einem entsprechend dem jeweils geforderten Antriebsdrehmoment ermittelten Wirkstrom eingestellt wird.DE 197 52 661 A1 describes an electrical system for a motor vehicle with a combined drive using an electric Machine and an internal combustion engine operating on the same drive train. The electrical machine supports e.g. on the one hand as the engine the starting process of the Internal combustion engine and on the other hand gives charging power as a generator to a vehicle operating battery and if necessary to an additional short-time starting capacitor. Around in generator operation of the starter generator, if possible high degree of efficiency and thus with the least possible load the energy storage or energy supplier to be able to work, are the electrical losses both in the converter as well in the asynchronous machine provided for the starter generator advantageously kept low in that a field-oriented control the inner moment of the asynchronous machine of the starter generator according to the principle of loss-optimized control or regulation of the rotor flux by appropriate adaptation of the magnetizing current in Dependence on one according to the respectively required Drive torque determined active current is set.

Gemäß Aufgabe vorliegender Erfindung soll mit einfachen Mitteln die Umweltbelastung eines kombinierten Antriebes mit gemischtem Elektromotor-Verbrennungsmotor, insbesondere eines Kraftfahrzeuges mit entsprechendem Hybridantrieb, weiter gesenkt werden können. According to the object of the present invention, simple means the environmental impact of a combined drive with mixed Electric motor internal combustion engine, especially one Motor vehicle with a corresponding hybrid drive, further reduced can be.

Ausgehend von der Erkenntnis, dass durch eine verkürzte Warmlaufphase der Kraftstoffverbrauch und die Abgasbelastung gemindert werden können, ist erfindungsgemäß, vorzugsweise im Kaltstartbetrieb, die elektrische Maschine als zusätzliche Last der Verbrennungsmaschine im Sinne einer gezielten Überhöhung von dessen Verlustwärme im Vergleich zu einem üblichen Fahrbetrieb eingesetzt; in diesem Sinne erreicht die Verbrennungsmaschine schneller ihren optimalen, durch geringen Verbrauch und geringe Abgas-Umweltbelastung gekennzeichneten Betriebspunkt; bei entprechender kühler Außentemperatur kann gleichzeitig eine schnellere Aufheizung des Innenraumes eines Kraftfahrzeuges unter Verzicht auf eine gesonderte Zusatzheizung erreicht werden.Based on the knowledge that a shortened warm-up phase reduced fuel consumption and exhaust gas pollution can be, according to the invention, preferably in Cold start operation, the electric machine as an additional Load of the internal combustion engine in the sense of a targeted cant of its heat loss compared to a normal one Driving operation used; in this sense the combustion engine reaches their optimal, faster due to low consumption and low exhaust gas pollution marked operating point; if the outside temperature is cool enough at the same time a faster heating of the interior of a Motor vehicle without a separate auxiliary heater can be achieved.

In vorteilhafter Weise kann die bei gezieltem Betrieb der Verbrennungsmaschine außerhalb ihres optimalen Betriebspunktes auch die in der entsprechend die elektrische Maschine steuernden Elektronik entstehende Verlustwärme insbesondere zur Aufheizung des Innenraums eines von dem Antrieb angetriebenen Kraftfahrzeuges ausgenutzt werden.In an advantageous manner, the Internal combustion engine outside of its optimal operating point also the one corresponding to the electrical machine control electronics in particular, resulting heat loss for heating the interior of one driven by the drive Motor vehicle can be exploited.

Nach einer ersten Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens kann die zusätzliche Last durch eine entsprechende von der im Generatorbetrieb arbeitenden elektrischen Maschine an eine Betriebs-Batterie, vorzugsweise an eine die elektrische Grundversorgung gewährleistende Hauptbatterie in einem Kraftfahrzeug, abgegebene Ladeleistung erreicht werden.According to a first embodiment of the method according to the invention can the additional load by a corresponding of the electrical machine operating in generator mode an operating battery, preferably to an electrical one Main battery in a motor vehicle ensuring basic supply, delivered charging power can be achieved.

Falls eine solche zusätzliche Last in Form einer Batterie-Ladebelastung, z.B. aufgrund des Ladezustandes der Batterie, nicht abgeführt werden kann, ist nach einer weiteren Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens vorgesehen, die elektrische Maschine mit einem gegenüber dem aufgrund von Soll-Antriebsmoment und Drehzahl optimalen Wirkungsgrad jeweils verschlechterten Wirkungsgrad zu betreiben; die dabei in der elektrischen Maschine selbst entstehende Zusatzwärme kann vorteilhafterweise zur Aufheizung der Verbrennungsmaschine und/oder zur Zusatzbeheizung des Innenraums des Kraftfahrzeuges mitbenutzt werden.If such an additional load in the form of a battery charge load, e.g. due to the state of charge of the battery, cannot be discharged, is according to a further embodiment of the inventive method provided that electrical machine with one over that due to Target drive torque and speed optimal efficiency each operate deteriorated efficiency; the one there additional heat generated in the electrical machine itself can advantageously be used to heat the internal combustion engine and / or for additional heating of the interior of the motor vehicle be shared.

Die Einstellung eines bewusst verschlechterten Wirkungsgrades der elektrischen Maschine kann z.B. bei einer Asynchronmaschine mit feldorientierter Magentflußregelung, die z.B. aus der eingangs genannten DE 197 52 661 A1 an sich bekannt ist, durch gezielte Veränderung des Magnetisierungsstromes von dem im bekannten Fall zur Minimierung der elektrischen Verluste angestrebten Wert erreicht werden.The setting of a deliberately worsened efficiency the electrical machine can e.g. with an asynchronous machine with field-oriented magnetic flux control, e.g. out DE 197 52 661 A1 mentioned at the beginning is known per se, by deliberately changing the magnetizing current from the in the known case to minimize electrical losses desired value can be achieved.

Die Figur zeigt ausgehend von dem aus der DE 197 52 661 A1 bekannten Brodnetz einen Antrieb für einen Kraftfahrzeug-Hybridantrieb mit einer Verbrennungsmaschine VB und einer elektrischen Maschine in Form einer feldorientiert geregelten Asynchronmaschine als Starter-Generator SG.The figure shows, starting from that from DE 197 52 661 A1 known Brodnetz a drive for a motor vehicle hybrid drive with an internal combustion engine VB and one electrical machine in the form of a field-oriented regulated Asynchronous machine as a starter generator SG.

Das in der Figur dargestellte Bordnetz kann grundsätzlich aufgeteilt werden in einen ersten Bordnetzteil U1 mit einem Spannungsniveau von z.B. 12 Volt entsprechend der Spannung der Batterie B, in einen zweiten Bordnetzteil U2 zur Versorgung von Hochstrom-Verbrauchern mit einem Spannungsniveau von z.B. 180 Volt, in einen dritten Bordnetzteil U3 mit einem Spannungsniveau von z.B. 400 Volt zur Ladung eines Start-Kondensators K zum Starten eines Verbrennungsmotors VB mittels eines über einen Umrichter U speisbaren Starter-Generators SG; der dritte Bordnetzteil U3 dient im Generatorbetrieb des Starter-Generators SG weiterhin dazu, dessen Ausgangsspannung mit einem über den Umrichter U eingeregelten Spannungsniveau von ca. 180 Volt an das Spannungsniveau des zweiten Bordnetzteils U2 anzupassen. Ein Regelungsteil dient zum energieoptimalen Betrieb der als Starter-Generator SG vorgesehenen Asynchronmaschine, vorzugsweise mit Käfigläufer.The electrical system shown in the figure can basically be divided into a first on-board power supply U1 with a Voltage level of e.g. 12 volts according to the voltage the battery B, in a second on-board power supply unit U2 for supply of high-current consumers with a voltage level of e.g. 180 volts, in a third on-board power supply U3 with a Voltage level of e.g. 400 volts to charge a start capacitor K to start an internal combustion engine VB a starter generator that can be fed via a converter U. SG; the third on-board power supply U3 is used in generator operation of the Starter generator SG continues to do so, its output voltage with a voltage level regulated via the converter U. of approximately 180 volts to the voltage level of the second on-board power supply Adapt U2. A control section is used to optimize energy consumption Operation of the asynchronous machine provided as the starter generator SG, preferably with squirrel cage.

Im Zuge der Startvorbereitung des Verbrennungsmotors VB über den dann als Asynchronmotor arbeitenden Starter-Generator SG wird, z.B. nach Betätigung des Zündschlüssels, mit Hilfe eines Hochsetzstellers HSST (DC-DC-Wandler) über die Verbindung V1 ein Start-Kondensator K im dritten Bordnetzteil U3 aus der Batterie B auf eine Spannung von ca. 400 Volt aufgeladen. Schalter S1 bzw.S2 in der Verbindung V2 bzw.V3 sind während dieser Ladephase des Start-Kondensators K geöffnet. Durch eine Diode D1 in der Verbindung V1 ist diese in Gegenrichtung zur Batterie B gesperrt.In the course of preparing to start the internal combustion engine VB the starter generator SG then working as an asynchronous motor e.g. after actuation of the ignition key, using a Boost converter HSST (DC-DC converter) via the connection V1 a start capacitor K in the third on-board power supply U3 from the Battery B charged to a voltage of approximately 400 volts. Switches S1 and S2 in connection V2 and V3 are during this charging phase of the start capacitor K opened. By a Diode D1 in connection V1 is in the opposite direction locked to battery B.

Beim eigentlichen Startvorgang kann der Verbrennungsmotor VB mit Hilfe des Asynchronmotors des Starter-Generators SG auf eine Drehzahl von ca. 400-700 U/min hochgefahren werden; im Falle einer elektronischen Ventilsteuerung sind die Ventile zweckmäßigerweise während des Hochfahrens voll geöffnet und damit kompressionslos gestellt. Sobald der Verbrennungsmotor VB eine vorgesehene Drehzahl bzw. den erforderlichen Drehwinkel seiner Kurbelwelle erreicht hat, kann der Verbrennungsmotor VB bei normaler Ventilstellung gezündet und der Starter-Generator SG antriebsseitig abgeschaltet werden. Falls beim Startvorgang die im Start-Kondensator K vorgespeicherte Energie nicht ausreicht, kann für den Fall, daß das Spannungsniveau des dritten Bordnetzteils U3 kleiner ist als das Spannungsniveau des zweiten Bordnetzteils U2, zusätzlich Energie aus der Batterie B über den Hochsetzsteller HSST und die Verbindung V1 für den über den Umrichter U gespeisten Starter-Generator SG bezogen werden.During the actual starting process, the internal combustion engine VB with the help of the asynchronous motor of the starter generator SG a speed of approx. 400-700 U / min are ramped up; in the In the case of electronic valve control, the valves are expediently fully opened during startup and thus without compression. Once the internal combustion engine VB a specified speed or the required angle of rotation has reached its crankshaft, the internal combustion engine VB ignited at normal valve position and the starter generator SG can be switched off on the drive side. If at Starting process the energy pre-stored in the starting capacitor K. not sufficient, in the event that the voltage level of the third on-board power supply U3 is less than the voltage level of the second on-board power supply U2, additional energy from battery B via the step-up converter HSST and the connection V1 for the starter generator fed via the U converter SG can be obtained.

Nach dem Zündvorgang des Verbrennungsmotors VB kann der Starter-Generator SG in den Generatorbetrieb übergehen. Dabei wird das Spannungsniveau des dritten Bordnetzteils U3 als Zwischenkreisspannung über den Umrichter U und den zweckmäßigerweise als Zwischenkreiskondensator benutzten Start-Kondensator K auf das Spannungsniveau des zweiten Bordnetzteils U2, von z.B. auf 180 Volt, geregelt. Nach Erreichen des Spannungsniveaus des Bordnetzteils U2 wird der Schalter S2 geöffnet und somit die Verbindung V2 unterbrochen und der Schalter S1 geschlossen und somit die Verbindung V3 vom Bordnetzteil U3 zum Bordnetzteil U2 hergestellt; der Hochsetzsteller HSST wird zweckmäßigerweise außer Betrieb gesetzt. Der Starter-Generator SG arbeitet nunmehr im Generatorbetrieb und versorgt über die geregelte Zwischenkreisspannung des Bordnetzteils U3 das Bordnetzteil U2 und die daran angeschlossenen Hochstrom-Verbraucher.After the ignition process of the internal combustion engine VB, the starter generator can Switch to generator mode. there is the voltage level of the third on-board power supply U3 as DC link voltage across the converter U and the expedient Start capacitor used as an intermediate circuit capacitor K to the voltage level of the second on-board power supply U2, from e.g. regulated to 180 volts. After reaching the voltage level of the on-board power supply U2, the switch S2 is opened and thus the connection V2 is interrupted and the switch S1 closed and thus the connection V3 from the on-board power supply U3 to the on-board power supply U2 manufactured; the step-up converter HSST is expediently put out of operation. The starter generator SG now works in generator mode and supplies via the regulated DC link voltage of the on-board power supply U3 the on-board power supply U2 and the high-current consumers connected to it.

Um im Generatorbetrieb des Starter-Generators SG mit möglichst großem Wirkunggrad und somit mit möglichst geringer Belastung der Energiespeicher bzw. Energieversorger arbeiten zu können, sind die elektrischen Verluste sowohl im Umrichter U als auch in der für den Starter-Generator SG vorgesehenen Asynchronmaschine in vorteilhafter Weise dadurch gering gehalten, daß in einer feldorientierten Regelung FOR das innere Moment Mi1 der Asynchronmaschine des Starter-Generators SG nach dem Prinzip der verlustoptimalen Steuerung bzw. Regelung des Rotorflusses durch entsprechende Adaptierung des Magnetisierungsstromes in Abhängigkeit von einem entsprechend dem jeweils geforderten Antriebsdrehmoment ermittelten Wirkstrom eingestellt wird.In order to be able to work in generator operation of the starter-generator SG with the greatest possible efficiency and thus with the least possible load on the energy store or energy supplier, the electrical losses in the converter U and in the asynchronous machine provided for the starter-generator SG are advantageous kept low in that in a field-oriented control FOR the inner moment M i1 of the asynchronous machine of the starter generator SG is set according to the principle of loss-optimized control or regulation of the rotor flux by appropriate adaptation of the magnetizing current as a function of an active current determined in accordance with the respectively required drive torque becomes.

Erfindungsgemäß kann durch abweichende Einstellung von dem zuvor gemäß der DE 197 52 661 A1 hinsichtlich eines optimalen Wirkungsgrades vorgesehenen Magnetisierungsstrom eine zusätzliche Last der Verbrennungsmaschine VB im Sinne einer gezielten Erhöhung von deren Verlustwärme, insbesondere zur Verkürzung der Warmlaufphase, eingestellt werden. Dazu ist ein Optimierer OPT zur Umschaltung zwischen bekanntem Betrieb mit optimalem Wirkungsgrad einerseits und erfindungsgemäß davon abweichendem Betrieb im Sinne einer überhöhten Verlustleistung vorgesehen. Die Vorgabe eines entsprechenden Sollwertes für die feldorientierte Regelung FOR kann durch Einstellung eines entsprechenden Soll-Drehmomentes Msoll* oder eines entsprechenden Magnetisierungsstromes Flußsoll erfolgen. Zur jeweils drehzahlentsprechenden Regelung ist über einen Drehzahlsensor S die Drehzahl der Verbrennungsmaschine VB an den Optimierer OPT als auch an die feldorientierte Regelung FOR gegeben.According to the invention, an additional load of the internal combustion engine VB in the sense of a targeted increase in its heat loss, in particular to shorten the warm-up phase, can be set by deviating from the magnetizing current previously provided according to DE 197 52 661 A1 with regard to optimum efficiency. For this purpose, an optimizer OPT is provided for switching over between known operation with optimal efficiency on the one hand and operation which deviates from this in the sense of an excessive power loss. The specification of a corresponding nominal value for the field-oriented control FOR, by setting an appropriate target torque M to * or equivalent magnetizing current flow to occur. For the respective speed-related control, the speed of the internal combustion engine VB is given to the optimizer OPT and to the field-oriented control FOR via a speed sensor S.

Claims (10)

1. Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Antriebs mit einer Verbrennungsmaschine und einer elektrischen Maschine, insbesondere einer Asynchronmaschine, gekennzeichnet durch einen Betrieb der elektrischen Maschine als zusätzliche Last der Verbrennungsmaschine im Sinne einer gezielten Überhöhung der Verlustwärme der Verbrennungsmaschine. 1. A method for operating a drive with an internal combustion engine and an electrical machine, in particular an asynchronous machine, characterized by operating the electrical machine as an additional load of the internal combustion engine in the sense of a targeted increase in the heat loss of the internal combustion engine. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet durch eine zusätzliche Last durch Betrieb der elektrischen Maschine als Generator zur Ladung einer Betriebs-Batterie, insbesondere eine Fahrzeug-Batterie zur elektrischen Grundversorgung eines Kraftfahrzeuges. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized by an additional load by operating the electrical machine as a generator for charging an operating battery, in particular a vehicle battery for the basic electrical supply of a motor vehicle. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet durch einen Betrieb der elektrischen Maschine im Sinne einer erhöhten Eigen-Verlusterwärmung. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized by an operation of the electrical machine in the sense of an increased self-loss heating. 4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, gekennzeichnet durch einen Betrieb der elektrischen Maschine als Generator mit verschlechtertem Wirkungsgrad. 4. The method according to claim 3, characterized by an operation of the electrical machine as a generator with deteriorated efficiency. 5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, gekennzeichnet durch einen Betrieb der elektrischen Maschine, insbesondere in Form einer Asynchronmaschine mit feldorientierter Regelung, als Generator mit einem von einer wirkungsgradoptimalen Einstellung abweichenden Magnetisierungsstrom. 5. The method according to claim 4, characterized by an operation of the electrical machine, in particular in the form of an asynchronous machine with field-oriented control, as a generator with a magnetizing current deviating from an efficiency-optimal setting. 6. Verfahren nach zumindest einem der Ansprüche 1-5, gekennzeichnet durch einen Betrieb der elektrischen Maschine als Starter-Generator. 6. The method according to at least one of claims 1-5, characterized by an operation of the electrical machine as a starter generator. 7. Verfahren nach zumindest einem der Ansprüche 1-6, gekennzeichnet durch eine Verwendung für einen Hybrid-Anrieb, insbesondere zum Antrieb eines Kraftfahrzeuges. 7. The method according to at least one of claims 1-6, characterized by use for a hybrid drive, in particular for driving a motor vehicle. 8. Verfahren nach zumindest einem der Ansprüche 1-7, gekennzeichnet durch Verwendung der zusätzlichen Verlustwärme der Verbrennungsmaschine zur Verkürzung der Warmlaufphase der Verbrennungsmaschine. 8. The method according to at least one of claims 1-7, characterized by using the additional heat loss of the internal combustion engine to shorten the warm-up phase of the internal combustion engine. 9. Verfahren nach zumindest einem der Ansprüche 1-8, gekennzeichnet durch eine Verwendung der zusätzlichen Verlustwärme der Verbrennungsmaschine zur Erhöhung der Innentemperatur eines von dem Antrieb angetriebenen Fahrzeugs. 9. The method according to at least one of claims 1-8, characterized by using the additional heat loss of the internal combustion engine to increase the internal temperature of a vehicle driven by the drive. 10. Verfahren nach zumindest einem der Ansprüche 1-8, gekennzeichnet durch eine Verwendung der zuästzlichen Verlustwärme der die elektrische Maschine steuerenden Elektronik zur Erhöhung der Innentemperatur eines von dem Antrieb angetriebenen Fahrzeugs. 10. The method according to at least one of claims 1-8, characterized by using the additional heat loss of the electronics controlling the electrical machine to increase the internal temperature of a vehicle driven by the drive.
EP00118614A 2000-08-28 2000-08-28 Method for operating a drive using an internal combustion engine and an electric machine Withdrawn EP1186463A1 (en)

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EP00118614A EP1186463A1 (en) 2000-08-28 2000-08-28 Method for operating a drive using an internal combustion engine and an electric machine
PCT/EP2001/009474 WO2002018169A1 (en) 2000-08-28 2001-08-16 Method for operating a drive with an internal combustion engine and an electric machine
EP01976094A EP1313628B1 (en) 2000-08-28 2001-08-16 Method for operating a drive with an internal combustion engine and an electric machine
ES01976094T ES2396601T3 (en) 2000-08-28 2001-08-16 Procedure for operating a drive with an internal combustion engine and an electric machine
US10/363,113 US7040269B2 (en) 2000-08-28 2001-08-16 Method for operating a drive with an internal combustion engine and an electric machine

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EP00118614A EP1186463A1 (en) 2000-08-28 2000-08-28 Method for operating a drive using an internal combustion engine and an electric machine

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ES2396601T3 (en) 2013-02-22
US20030196631A1 (en) 2003-10-23
EP1313628A1 (en) 2003-05-28
US7040269B2 (en) 2006-05-09
WO2002018169A1 (en) 2002-03-07
EP1313628B1 (en) 2012-10-10

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