DE4109379A1 - Vehicle hybrid drive operating control - maintains constant RPM of IC engine at optimum fuel economy and exhaust emission point - Google Patents

Vehicle hybrid drive operating control - maintains constant RPM of IC engine at optimum fuel economy and exhaust emission point

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Publication number
DE4109379A1
DE4109379A1 DE4109379A DE4109379A DE4109379A1 DE 4109379 A1 DE4109379 A1 DE 4109379A1 DE 4109379 A DE4109379 A DE 4109379A DE 4109379 A DE4109379 A DE 4109379A DE 4109379 A1 DE4109379 A1 DE 4109379A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
engine
combustion engine
internal combustion
battery
control device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
DE4109379A
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Gerhard Ing Feichtinger
Othmar Dipl Ing Skatsche
Rudolf Ing Kroissenbrunner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AVL List GmbH
Original Assignee
AVL List GmbH
AVL Gesellschaft fuer Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Messtechnik mbH
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Publication date
Application filed by AVL List GmbH, AVL Gesellschaft fuer Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Messtechnik mbH filed Critical AVL List GmbH
Publication of DE4109379A1 publication Critical patent/DE4109379A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/24—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/46—Series type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/61—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
    • B60L50/62—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles charged by low-power generators primarily intended to support the batteries, e.g. range extenders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D29/00—Controlling engines, such controlling being peculiar to the devices driven thereby, the devices being other than parts or accessories essential to engine operation, e.g. controlling of engines by signals external thereto
    • F02D29/06—Controlling engines, such controlling being peculiar to the devices driven thereby, the devices being other than parts or accessories essential to engine operation, e.g. controlling of engines by signals external thereto peculiar to engines driving electric generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K7/00—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
    • B60K7/0007—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor being electric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
    • B60L2220/40—Electrical machine applications
    • B60L2220/46—Wheel motors, i.e. motor connected to only one wheel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2270/00—Problem solutions or means not otherwise provided for
    • B60L2270/10—Emission reduction
    • B60L2270/12—Emission reduction of exhaust
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)

Abstract

The hybrid drive uses an i.c. engine (1) and a generator / electromotor with a battery (3) for holding the electric charge. The i.c. engine r.p.m. are held constant by a control device (6) for obtaining optimum fuel economy and min exhaust emissions, the control device (6) responding to the battery charge level to switch between operation of the i.c. engine (1) at its optimum operating point and standstill of the i.c. engine(1). The control device can be overridden by the driver to allow the vehicle to be driven solely by the electric motor in defined areas and reduce the exhaust emissions to zero. ADVANTAGE - Good performance and increased range.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Kraftfahrzeugantrieb, bestehend aus einer Brennkraftmaschine, einem damit verbundenen Ge­ nerator/Elektromotor, mindestens einem Elektromotor zum An­ trieb des Kraftfahrzeuges, einer Batterie zur Speicherung von elektrischer Energie und einer Steuereinrichtung zum Konstant­ halten der Drehzahl der Brennkraftmaschine, wobei die Brenn­ kraftmaschine für einen einzigen Betriebspunkt in Bezug auf Kraftstoffverbrauch und Abgasemission optimal ausgelegt ist. Die Brennkraftmaschine dient dabei zum Antrieb des Generators, der für den Startvorgang auch als Elektromotor betrieben wer­ den kann.The invention relates to a motor vehicle drive, consisting from an internal combustion engine, a related Ge nerator / electric motor, at least one electric motor powered the motor vehicle, a battery for storing electrical energy and a control device for constant keep the speed of the internal combustion engine, the combustion engine for a single operating point with respect to Fuel consumption and exhaust emissions are optimally designed. The internal combustion engine serves to drive the generator, who is also operated as an electric motor for the starting process that can.

Aus der GB-PS 13 94 003 ist ein Kraftfahrzeug bekannt, dessen Antrieb über eine Gasturbine, einen Generator sowie über elek­ trische Fahrmotore erfolgt. Weiters sind bei diesem bekannten Fahrzeug Batterien vorgesehen, die unter anderen dazu dienen, bei Überholvorgängen größere Beschleunigungswerte erzielen zu können.From GB-PS 13 94 003 a motor vehicle is known, the Drive via a gas turbine, a generator and via elec trical driving motors. Furthermore, these are known Vehicle batteries are provided, which serve among other things achieve greater acceleration values when overtaking can.

Weiters sind sogenannte Hybridantriebe bekannt, die die oben angeführten Komponenten aufweisen. Bei einer bekannten Lösung eines solchen Hybridantriebes besteht der Antriebsstrang der Reihe nach aus einem Verbrennungsmotor, einer Kupplung, einem Elektromotor/Generator, einer weiteren Kupplung und dem Ge­ triebe samt Achsantrieb. Ein solcher Kraftfahrzeugantrieb kann in herkömmlicher Weise einen Verbrennungsmotor aufweisen, wo­ bei der Elektromotor/Generator ggf. wie eine Lichtmaschine die Batterie aufladen kann. Für einen rein elektrischen Betrieb wird der Verbrennungsmotor vom Antriebsstrang abgekuppelt und der Elektromotor/Generator entnimmt der Batterie die notwen­ dige Energie und treibt die Fahrräder über das Getriebe an. Bei einer solchen Lösung ist der Elektroantrieb nur als Hilfs­ antrieb für langsame Fahrt ohne wesentliche Beschleunigungs­ vorgänge ausgebildet, da der Elektromotor/Generator eine we­ sentlich geringere Leistung aufweist als der Verbrennungsmo­ tor. Beim Antrieb des Kraftfahrzeuges mit dem Verbrennungsmo­ tor gibt es in Hinsicht auf Verbrauch und Schadstoffemission keinerlei Vorteile gegenüber einem konventionellen Kraftfahr­ zeug, im Gegenteil entstehen sogar Nachteile wegen des höheren Gewichts der zusätzlichen Komponenten.Furthermore, so-called hybrid drives are known, which the above have listed components. With a known solution Such a hybrid drive consists of the drive train One after the other from an internal combustion engine, a clutch, a Electric motor / generator, another clutch and the Ge drives including final drive. Such a motor vehicle drive can conventionally have an internal combustion engine where with the electric motor / generator if necessary like an alternator Can charge battery. For purely electrical operation the combustion engine is uncoupled from the drive train and the electric motor / generator takes the necessary from the battery energy and drives the bicycles through the transmission. With such a solution, the electric drive is only an auxiliary drive for slow driving without significant acceleration Processes formed because the electric motor / generator a we has considerably less power than the combustion engine gate. When driving the motor vehicle with the combustion engine  There are gates in terms of consumption and pollutant emissions no advantages over a conventional motor vehicle on the contrary, there are even disadvantages because of the higher Weight of the additional components.

Weiters sind rein elektrische Fahrzeugantriebe bekannt, bei welchen jedoch das Problem des zu geringen Speichervermögens der Batterien der Anwendung enge Grenzen setzt.Furthermore, purely electric vehicle drives are known for which, however, the problem of insufficient storage capacity of batteries limits the application.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, einen Antrieb für ein Kraftfahrzeug zu schaffen, der den niedrigen Energiever­ brauch und die geringe Umweltbelastung von elektrischen An­ trieben mit der hohen Leistung und der großen Reichweite von Antrieben mit Brennkraftmaschinen verbindet.The object of the present invention is to provide a drive for to create a motor vehicle that the low Energiever and the low environmental impact of electrical equipment driven with the high performance and long range of Connects drives with internal combustion engines.

Erfindungsgemäß ist vorgesehen, daß die Steuereinrichtung die Brennkraftmaschine in Abhängigkeit vom Ladezustand der Batte­ rie, der benötigten Fahrleistung und von Emissionsbeschränkun­ gen, zwischen einem Betrieb im Optimalpunkt und dem Stillstand umschaltet, und eine Einflußnahme auf die Steuereinrichtung durch den Fahrer vorgesehen ist, um sicherzustellen, daß z. B. im Falle von Emissionsbeschränkungen in Ballungsgebieten das Kraftfahrzeug ausschließlich elektrisch betrieben wird.According to the invention it is provided that the control device Internal combustion engine depending on the state of charge of the battery rie, the required mileage and emission restrictions between operation at the optimum point and standstill switches, and an influence on the control device is provided by the driver to ensure that e.g. B. in the case of emission restrictions in metropolitan areas Motor vehicle is operated exclusively electrically.

Wesentlich bei der Erfindung ist es, daß das Ein- und Aus­ schalten der Brennkraftmaschine sowohl automatisch nach dem Ladezustand der Batterie erfolgen kann als auch manuell vom Fahrer beeinflußt werden kann. Dieser kann beispielsweise bei Vorliegen von Emissionsbeschränkungen in Ballungsgebieten den betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine unterbinden.It is essential in the invention that the on and off switch the internal combustion engine both automatically after Battery charge can be done manually as well Driver can be influenced. This can be, for example, at Existence of emission restrictions in metropolitan areas Prevent operation of the internal combustion engine.

Wenn eine Brennkraftmaschine, sei es ein Kolbenmotor oder eine Gasturbine, konsequent auf einen Betriebspunkt hin ausgelegt ist, so können erhebliche Verbesserungen des Kraftstoffver­ brauches, des Schadstoffausstoßes und des Leistungsgewichtes erzielt werden. Jegliche Kompromisse, die bei herkömmlichen Brennkraftmaschinen für Kraftfahrzeuge gemacht werden müssen, um ein befriedigendes Beschleunigungs- und Teillastverhalten zu erzielen, können dadurch vermieden werden. Außerdem kann dabei mit kostengünstigen Konzepten gearbeitet werden. Die Brennkraftmaschine und der Generator sind dabei optimal auf­ einander abgestimmt. Da keine mechanische Verbindung von der Brennkraftmaschine zu den Antriebsrädern vorgesehen ist, kön­ nen Bauteile, wie Getriebe, Kupplung u. dgl. weitgehend ent­ fallen. Die Steuerungseinrichtung schaltet die Brennkraftma­ schine lediglich zwischen den zwei Zuständen, Stillstand und Betrieb im Optimalpunkt, hin und her .If an internal combustion engine, be it a piston engine or one Gas turbine, consistently designed for an operating point is, significant improvements in the fuel consumption consumption, pollutant emissions and power-to-weight ratio be achieved. Any compromises made with conventional Internal combustion engines for motor vehicles must be made a satisfactory acceleration and part-load behavior to achieve can be avoided. Besides, can work with inexpensive concepts. The The internal combustion engine and the generator are optimally on coordinated with each other. Since no mechanical connection from the Internal combustion engine is provided to the drive wheels, can  NEN components, such as gear, clutch and. Largely the like fall. The control device switches the internal combustion engine seem only between the two states, standstill and Operation at the optimum point, back and forth.

Bei Vollast, also z. B. auf der Autobahn oder bei längeren Bergaufstrecken, wird die Brennkaftmaschine permanent in Be­ trieb sein, sodaß die Leistung der Brennkraftmaschine abzüg­ lich der unvermeidlichen Verluste auch an der Antriebsachse zur Verfügung steht. Kurzzeitig, z. B. für Überholvorgänge, kann die verfügbare Leistung durch Entnahme von zusätzlichem Strom aus der Batterie auch über die Leistung der Brennkraft­ maschine hinausgehen.At full load, e.g. B. on the highway or for longer Uphill stretching, the Brennkaftmaschine is permanently in Be be driven so that the performance of the internal combustion engine is deducted Lich the inevitable losses also on the drive axle is available. Briefly, e.g. B. for overtaking, can increase the available service by taking additional Electricity from the battery also depends on the power of the internal combustion engine machine go out.

Im Teillastbereich, also beispielsweise im Stadtverkehr, wird das Kraftfahrzeug teilweise bei abgeschalteter Brennkraftma­ schine von der Batterie her betrieben. Wenn diese an einem be­ timmten Punkt der Entladung angelangt ist, wird die Brenn­ kraftmaschine gestartet und der erzeugte Strom abhängig vom augenblicklichen Bedarf teilweise zum Fahrbetrieb und teil­ weise zum Laden der Batterien verwendet. Sobald die Batterie voll aufgeladen ist, wird die Brennkraftmaschine wiederum ab­ geschaltet. Diese automatische Regelung durch die Steuerein­ richtung kann durch den Fahrer beeinflußt werden. So ist es z. B. möglich, im Falle von Emissionsbeschränkungen in Bal­ lungsgebieten sicherzustellen, daß das Kraftfahrzeug aus­ schließlich elektrisch betrieben wird. Da es selbstverständ­ lich auch möglich ist, die Batterie an der Steckdose aufzula­ den, kann die Steuereinrichtung auch so beeinflußt werden, daß die Batterien von der Brennkraftmaschine nicht mehr aufgeladen wird, wenn absehbar ist, daß das Fahrzeug an einem Stützpunkt mit einer Möglichkeit zur Aufladung der Batterie abgestellt wird.In the partial load range, for example in city traffic the motor vehicle partially with the internal combustion engine switched off machine operated from the battery. If this on a be When the point of discharge is reached, the firing engine started and the electricity generated depends on current needs partly for driving and partly used to charge the batteries. Once the battery is fully charged, the engine will turn off switched. This automatic regulation by the tax authorities direction can be influenced by the driver. That's the way it is e.g. B. possible, in the case of emission restrictions in Bal areas to ensure that the motor vehicle from is finally operated electrically. Since it goes without saying it is also possible to open the battery at the socket the control device can also be influenced so that the batteries are no longer charged by the internal combustion engine if it is foreseeable that the vehicle will be at a base with a way to charge the battery becomes.

Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand eines Beispieles näher erläutert: Die Brennkraftmaschine ist ein Einzylinder-Zweitaktmotor mit ventilgesteuerter Umkehrspülung. Der Zylinder ist liegend in Längsrichtung des Fahrzeuges angeordnet. Die Daten der Brenn­ kraftmaschine sind: Nennleistung: 25 kW, einzige Betriebsdreh­ zahl 3000 l/min, Bohrung 75 mm, Hub 120 mm, Hubvolumen 0,53 l Gewicht ohne Schwungrad etwa 40 kg. Die notwendige Druckhöhe für die Spülung wird mit einer Resonanzaufladung erzielt. Es ist jedoch auch eine Komprexaufladung möglich. Der Motor ist samt Generator/Elektromotor in einer trockenen, fahrzeuggebun­ denen Kapsel eingebaut.The invention will be explained in more detail below using an example explains: The internal combustion engine is a single-cylinder two-stroke engine with valve-controlled reverse flushing. The cylinder is lying in Arranged in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle. The data of the Brenn engine are: Nominal power: 25 kW, single operating rotation number 3000 l / min, bore 75 mm, stroke 120 mm, stroke volume 0.53 l Weight without flywheel about 40 kg. The necessary pressure level  for rinsing is achieved with a resonance charge. It however, Komprex charging is also possible. The engine is together with the generator / electric motor in a dry vehicle which capsule installed.

In der Zeichnung ist der erfindungsgemäße Kraftfahrzeugantrieb schematisch dargestellt.In the drawing is the motor vehicle drive according to the invention shown schematically.

Eine Brennkraftmaschine 1 treibt über seine Welle den Genera­ tor 2 an. Der Generator 2 ist über eine elektrische Leitung 9 mit einer Batterie 3 verbunden. Die Batterie 3 speist über eine Leitung 10 den Elektromotor 4, der das Rad 5 über eine Welle 11 antreibt. Eine Steuerungsvorrichtung 6 wird über Si­ gnalleitungen 12 und 13 mit Werten über den Ladezustand der Batterie 3 und die augenblickliche Belastung des Elektromo­ tors 4 versorgt. Über eine Steuerleitung 14 schaltet die Steuereinrichtung 6 die Brennkraftmaschine 1 ein und aus. Über die z. B. mittels eines Pedales betätigten Bedienungselemente 7 des Kraftfahrzeuges, welche über eine Steuerleitung 15 mit dem Elektromotor 4 verbunden sind, kann der Fahrer des Kraftfahr­ zeuges den Elektromotor 4 und damit die Fahrgeschwindigkeit steuern. Über eine weitere Steuerleitung 16 kann der Fahrer auch die Steuereinrichtung 6 beeinflussen. Insbesonders ist es möglich, ein Starten der Brennkraftmaschine 1 zu verhindern. Weiters ist ein Netzteil 17 vorgesehen, das mit der Batterie 3 verbunden ist und eine Aufladung der Batterie 3 von der Steck­ dose her ermöglicht.An internal combustion engine 1 drives the generator 2 via its shaft. The generator 2 is connected to a battery 3 via an electrical line 9 . The battery 3 feeds the electric motor 4 via a line 10 , which drives the wheel 5 via a shaft 11 . A control device 6 is supplied via signal lines 12 and 13 with values relating to the state of charge of the battery 3 and the instantaneous load on the electric motor 4 . The control device 6 switches the internal combustion engine 1 on and off via a control line 14 . About the z. B. by means of a pedal operated controls 7 of the motor vehicle, which are connected via a control line 15 to the electric motor 4 , the driver of the motor driving tool can control the electric motor 4 and thus the driving speed. The driver can also influence the control device 6 via a further control line 16 . In particular, it is possible to prevent the internal combustion engine 1 from starting. Furthermore, a power supply unit 17 is provided, which is connected to the battery 3 and enables the battery 3 to be charged from the plug socket.

Die Brennkraftmaschine kann in einer weiteren bevorzugten Wei­ terbildung der Erfindung als Gasturbine ausgebildet sein. Die bekannten Nachteile von Gasturbinen im Bezug auf das schlechte Ansprechverhalten, fallen bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Antrieb nicht ins Gewicht. Die neuen Entwicklungen auf dem Gebiet der Keramiktechnologie erlauben es in sehr vorteilhafter Weise, Turbinen für den Antrieb von Kraftfahrzeugen herzustellen.The internal combustion engine can in a further preferred Wei terbildung the invention be designed as a gas turbine. The known disadvantages of gas turbines in relation to the bad Responsiveness, fall in the drive according to the invention not weight. The new developments in the field of Ceramic technology allows in a very advantageous way Manufacture turbines for driving motor vehicles.

Ein weitgehender Wegfall von Bauteilen zur Kraftübertragung wird erreicht, wenn die Elektromotoren zum Antrieb des Kraft­ fahrzeuges in den Radnaben integriert sind. Insbesonders ist es dadurch auf sehr einfache Weise möglich, einen Allradan­ trieb zu verwirklichen. Extensive elimination of components for power transmission is achieved when the electric motors drive the power vehicle are integrated in the wheel hubs. Especially is it makes it very easy to get an all-wheel drive urged to realize.  

Eine Verringerung der Einschaltdauer der Brennkraftmaschine kann erreicht werden, wenn die Elektromotoren zum Antrieb des Kraftfahrzeuges in an sich bekannter Weise auch zur Rückgewin­ nung von Energie beim Bremsvorgang geeignet sind. Auf diese Weise kann Verbrauch und Schadstoffausstoß weiter herabgesetzt werden.A reduction in the duty cycle of the internal combustion engine can be achieved if the electric motors drive the Motor vehicle in a manner known per se also for recovery of energy during braking are suitable. To this This can further reduce consumption and pollutant emissions will.

Die vorliegende Erfindung erlaubt es, ein einfaches, kosten­ günstiges Antriebssystem für Kraftfahrzeuge zu verwirklichen, das einen äußerst geringen Verbrauch bei einem minimalen Schadstoffausstoß gewährleistet.The present invention allows a simple, cost to implement an inexpensive drive system for motor vehicles, an extremely low consumption with a minimal Guaranteed pollutant emissions.

Claims (1)

Kraftfahrzeugantrieb, bestehend aus einer Brennkraftma­ schine, einem damit verbundenen Generator/Elektromotor, mindestens einem Elektromotor zum Antrieb des Kraftfahr­ zeuges, einer Batterie zur Speicherung von elektrischer Energie und einer Steuereinrichtung zum Konstanthalten der Drehzahl der Brennkraftmaschine, wobei die Brenn­ kraftmaschine für einen einzigen Betriebspunkt in Bezug auf Kraftstoffverbrauch und Abgasemission optimal ausge­ legt ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Steuereinrich­ tung (6) die Brennkraftmaschine (1) in Abhängigkeit vom Ladezustand der Batterie (3), der benötigten Fahrleistung und von Emissionsbeschränkungen, zwischen einem Betrieb im Optimalpunkt und dem Stillstand umschaltet, und eine Ein­ flußnahme auf die Steuereinrichtung (6) durch den Fahrer vorgesehen ist, um sicherzustellen, daß z. B. im Falle von Emissionsbeschränkungen in Ballungsgebieten das Kraftfahr­ zeug ausschließlich elektrisch betrieben wird.Motor vehicle drive, consisting of an internal combustion engine, an associated generator / electric motor, at least one electric motor for driving the motor vehicle, a battery for storing electrical energy and a control device for keeping the speed of the internal combustion engine constant, the internal combustion engine for a single operating point in In terms of fuel consumption and exhaust gas emissions is optimally characterized, characterized in that the Steuereinrich device ( 6 ) the internal combustion engine ( 1 ) depending on the state of charge of the battery ( 3 ), the driving performance required and emission restrictions, between operation at the optimum point and standstill switches, and a flow on the control device ( 6 ) is provided by the driver to ensure that, for. B. in the case of emission restrictions in metropolitan areas the motor vehicle is operated exclusively electrically.
DE4109379A 1990-04-04 1991-03-21 Vehicle hybrid drive operating control - maintains constant RPM of IC engine at optimum fuel economy and exhaust emission point Ceased DE4109379A1 (en)

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EP0570240A1 (en) * 1992-05-15 1993-11-18 Mitsubishi Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha A hybrid car and an operating method therefor
EP0570234A1 (en) 1992-05-15 1993-11-18 Mitsubishi Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Operating method for a hybrid car
EP0570242A1 (en) * 1992-05-15 1993-11-18 Mitsubishi Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Operating method for a hybrid car
FR2695597A1 (en) * 1992-09-16 1994-03-18 Programme 3 Patent Holdings A propulsion unit for a road vehicle, a road vehicle equipped with this assembly and a method of propelling this road vehicle.
EP0645278A1 (en) * 1993-09-24 1995-03-29 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Generator controller and controlling method for hybrid vehicle
US5441829A (en) * 1992-09-17 1995-08-15 Aabh Patent Holdings Societe Anonyme Electrochemical cell
DE4427322A1 (en) * 1994-08-02 1996-02-15 Wolfgang Hill Electricity generation set for series hybrid vehicle and stationary thermal plant
WO1996005977A2 (en) * 1994-08-22 1996-02-29 Irmscher Gmbh Car with a power-heat cogeneration system, in particular for private local travel
DE19505431A1 (en) * 1995-02-17 1996-08-22 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Power control system for hybrid-drive motor vehicle with power-converting elements
DE19749548A1 (en) * 1996-11-20 1998-10-08 Volkswagen Ag Method for operating hybrid vehicle
WO2000032438A1 (en) * 1998-11-27 2000-06-08 Hair S.A. Intelligent energy generating unit for maintaining an electric vehicle batteries charged
WO2001053128A2 (en) * 2000-01-19 2001-07-26 Hair S.A. Non polluting micro-power station
EP1106411A3 (en) * 1999-12-10 2001-10-10 Interpump Engineering S.r.l. Power unit for small self-propelled machines
DE10033736A1 (en) * 2000-07-12 2002-01-24 Lennart Preu Miniature gas turbine for generator drive in hybrid drive vehicle has secondary energy converter for recovery of exhaust gas thermal energy
DE102007004172A1 (en) 2007-01-27 2008-07-31 Volkswagen Ag Motor vehicle e.g. zero emission vehicle, has generator activated and/or deactivated in parking condition of vehicle and started after activation of drive, where disconnection of drive of generator is carried out after deactivation
DE102009012980A1 (en) 2008-08-20 2010-04-08 Wenzel, Egmond, Dr.med. Electric hub motor for motor vehicle, has rotor provided with magnetic piston, implementing reciprocating movement in cylinder and connected with crank shaft by connecting rod, where cylinder coil surrounds cylinder
ITVI20100153A1 (en) * 2010-05-28 2011-11-29 Agata S R L HYBRID MOTORIZATION SYSTEM FOR VEHICLES, HYBRID VEHICLE INCLUDING THE SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SYSTEM CONTROL
US8201650B2 (en) 2005-10-28 2012-06-19 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Drive device for hybrid vehicle
DE102011015539A1 (en) * 2011-03-30 2012-10-04 GM Global Technology Operations LLC (n. d. Gesetzen des Staates Delaware) Method for operating powertrain of motor home that is utilized in camping site, involves switching-on operation mode, where engine is switched-on, and battery is charged in operation mode if charging state lies above threshold value

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US5785138A (en) * 1992-05-15 1998-07-28 Mitsubishi Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Operating method for a hybrid car
EP0570242A1 (en) * 1992-05-15 1993-11-18 Mitsubishi Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Operating method for a hybrid car
EP0570240A1 (en) * 1992-05-15 1993-11-18 Mitsubishi Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha A hybrid car and an operating method therefor
EP0570234A1 (en) 1992-05-15 1993-11-18 Mitsubishi Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Operating method for a hybrid car
US5359228A (en) * 1992-05-15 1994-10-25 Mitsubishi Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Operating method for a hybrid car
AU666187B2 (en) * 1992-05-15 1996-02-01 Mitsubishi Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Operating method for a hybrid car
US5441122A (en) * 1992-05-15 1995-08-15 Mitsubishi Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Hybrid car and an operating method therefor
FR2695597A1 (en) * 1992-09-16 1994-03-18 Programme 3 Patent Holdings A propulsion unit for a road vehicle, a road vehicle equipped with this assembly and a method of propelling this road vehicle.
US5441829A (en) * 1992-09-17 1995-08-15 Aabh Patent Holdings Societe Anonyme Electrochemical cell
US5550445A (en) * 1993-09-24 1996-08-27 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Generator controller and controlling method for hybrid vehicle
EP0645278A1 (en) * 1993-09-24 1995-03-29 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Generator controller and controlling method for hybrid vehicle
DE4427322A1 (en) * 1994-08-02 1996-02-15 Wolfgang Hill Electricity generation set for series hybrid vehicle and stationary thermal plant
DE4427322C2 (en) * 1994-08-02 2000-07-27 Wolfgang Hill Electricity generation unit for series hybrid vehicles and combined heat and power plants
WO1996005977A3 (en) * 1994-08-22 1996-05-30 Irmscher Gmbh Car with a power-heat cogeneration system, in particular for private local travel
WO1996005977A2 (en) * 1994-08-22 1996-02-29 Irmscher Gmbh Car with a power-heat cogeneration system, in particular for private local travel
DE19505431A1 (en) * 1995-02-17 1996-08-22 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Power control system for hybrid-drive motor vehicle with power-converting elements
US5788004A (en) * 1995-02-17 1998-08-04 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Power control system for motor vehicles with a plurality of power-converting components
DE19505431B4 (en) * 1995-02-17 2010-04-29 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Power control system for motor vehicles with a plurality of power converting components
DE19749548A1 (en) * 1996-11-20 1998-10-08 Volkswagen Ag Method for operating hybrid vehicle
DE19749548B4 (en) * 1996-11-20 2008-01-10 Volkswagen Ag Operation of a motor vehicle
WO2000032438A1 (en) * 1998-11-27 2000-06-08 Hair S.A. Intelligent energy generating unit for maintaining an electric vehicle batteries charged
EP1106411A3 (en) * 1999-12-10 2001-10-10 Interpump Engineering S.r.l. Power unit for small self-propelled machines
WO2001053128A2 (en) * 2000-01-19 2001-07-26 Hair S.A. Non polluting micro-power station
WO2001053128A3 (en) * 2000-01-19 2001-12-27 Hair S A Non polluting micro-power station
DE10033736A1 (en) * 2000-07-12 2002-01-24 Lennart Preu Miniature gas turbine for generator drive in hybrid drive vehicle has secondary energy converter for recovery of exhaust gas thermal energy
US8201650B2 (en) 2005-10-28 2012-06-19 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Drive device for hybrid vehicle
DE102007004172A1 (en) 2007-01-27 2008-07-31 Volkswagen Ag Motor vehicle e.g. zero emission vehicle, has generator activated and/or deactivated in parking condition of vehicle and started after activation of drive, where disconnection of drive of generator is carried out after deactivation
DE102009012980A1 (en) 2008-08-20 2010-04-08 Wenzel, Egmond, Dr.med. Electric hub motor for motor vehicle, has rotor provided with magnetic piston, implementing reciprocating movement in cylinder and connected with crank shaft by connecting rod, where cylinder coil surrounds cylinder
ITVI20100153A1 (en) * 2010-05-28 2011-11-29 Agata S R L HYBRID MOTORIZATION SYSTEM FOR VEHICLES, HYBRID VEHICLE INCLUDING THE SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SYSTEM CONTROL
DE102011015539A1 (en) * 2011-03-30 2012-10-04 GM Global Technology Operations LLC (n. d. Gesetzen des Staates Delaware) Method for operating powertrain of motor home that is utilized in camping site, involves switching-on operation mode, where engine is switched-on, and battery is charged in operation mode if charging state lies above threshold value

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