WO2018050349A1 - Combined electric motor and internal combustion engine, drive train and method for operating a motor vehicle - Google Patents

Combined electric motor and internal combustion engine, drive train and method for operating a motor vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018050349A1
WO2018050349A1 PCT/EP2017/069417 EP2017069417W WO2018050349A1 WO 2018050349 A1 WO2018050349 A1 WO 2018050349A1 EP 2017069417 W EP2017069417 W EP 2017069417W WO 2018050349 A1 WO2018050349 A1 WO 2018050349A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rotor
stator
cylinder
combustion engine
internal combustion
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2017/069417
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Thomas Grossner
Thomas Gallner
Rainer Knorr
Stephanie PREISLER
Egor SAWAZKI
Helmut Hamperl
Vincent Vahee
Khosrau Heidary
Original Assignee
Continental Automotive Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Continental Automotive Gmbh filed Critical Continental Automotive Gmbh
Publication of WO2018050349A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018050349A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/24—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/28—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the electric energy storing means, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B60K6/405—Housings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/442—Series-parallel switching type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K6/485—Motor-assist type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
    • H02K7/1815—Rotary generators structurally associated with reciprocating piston engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2510/24—Energy storage means
    • B60W2510/242—Energy storage means for electrical energy
    • B60W2510/244—Charge state
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a combined electric and internal combustion engine, in particular for the drive of motor vehicles.
  • Li-ion batteries only have a specific energy of up to approx. 0.25 kWh per kilogram.
  • the specific energy content of gasoline is about 50 times higher than the Li-ion batteries, which are currently the most commonly used storage medium for energy in electric vehicles.
  • range extenders are internal combustion engines, which are operated to recharge the batteries, from which electric motors take their required energy.
  • the pure electrical range is about 50 to 180 km in real operation, but can be significantly increased by the range extender. Increase both approaches, high Batterieka ⁇ capacity and range extenders, although the range of the vehicle but at immense cost.
  • the concepts of the plug-in hybrids are pursuing a less progressive step, namely to increase the range of an electric vehicle by using an internal combustion engine.
  • These are actually vehicles with internal combustion engines, which, especially for urban and peri-urban areas, offer the possibility of driving purely electrically in order to reduce noise and pollutant emissions.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to provide an improved electric drive for a motor vehicle, with which the above-mentioned disadvantages, the short range and the high price, can be avoided or reduced.
  • a combined electric and internal combustion engine has at least one cylinder, with a combustion chamber which is displaceable by a cylinder which can be displaced in the cylinder
  • Cylinder piston is limited.
  • the combined electric and combustion engine has a first
  • Stator rotor unit which can be operated as an electric motor or as a generator.
  • the stator-rotor unit has a stator and a rotor which is rotatably connected to a shaft.
  • there is at least one connecting rod which is pivotally mounted on the one hand on the cylinder piston, and on the other hand rotatably connected to the rotor of the electric motor.
  • the connecting rod is adapted to translate translational movements of the cylinder piston and rotational movements of the rotor into each other.
  • the engine according to the invention is therefore a combination of a classic 1-cylinder engine and an electric motor.
  • the motor according to the invention is intended in particular for driving a motor vehicle, but other applications are conceivable.
  • connecting rods are used to convert translational movements of a cylinder piston into rotational movements of a crankshaft.
  • Translational movements of the cylinder piston are generated by cyclic combustion processes in the combustion chamber, for example after a 4-stroke or a 2-stroke principle.
  • no crankshaft is used.
  • the translational movements of the cylinder piston generated by the burns in the combustion chamber of the cylinder are directly connected by the connecting rod in rotational movements of the rotor
  • the connecting rod is usually an elongated body, also called a connecting rod, with two ends. At one end (the cylinder-side end) of the connecting rod, for example, via a piston pin pivotally mounted on the cylinder piston. At the opposite end it is rotatable with the rotor of the
  • Stator rotor unit connected.
  • the rotor is set up to rotate a shaft with which it is non-rotatably connected.
  • the rotatable connection of the connecting rod with the rotor takes place for example via an axis which is mounted eccentrically on the rotor. On this axis, in turn, the connecting rod is rotatably mounted.
  • Another variant is a rotatably mounted on the rotor eccentric shaft, on which in turn the connecting rod is rotatably mounted.
  • Electric motor converted a rotational movement of the rotor via the connecting rod in a translational movement of the cylinder piston.
  • the electric motor converts electrical energy, which is stored, for example, in an energy store of the vehicle, into rotational energy by setting the rotor in rotation about the shaft.
  • stator-rotor unit are basically all known variants of electric motors conceivable, eg synchronous machines, asynchronous machines, etc. It can be operated with a permanent magnet or an excitation current.
  • the internal combustion engine can be designed, for example, as a direct injection 4-stroke engine with turbocharger. It can be designed for use with petrol, diesel, natural gas, LPG, biogas, ethanol, etc. as a fuel. He may also have a Ab ⁇ gas recirculation device and a catalyst. The stroke volume is selectable.
  • the two components of the engine according to the invention ie the combustion cylinder on the one hand and the stator-rotor unit of the electric motor on the other hand, can each be operated individually or together.
  • the two components of the engine according to the invention ie the combustion cylinder on the one hand and the stator-rotor unit of the electric motor on the other hand, can each be operated individually or together.
  • the two components of the engine according to the invention ie the combustion cylinder on the one hand and the stat
  • Stator rotor unit can also be operated as a generator. Since at least one cylinder piston and a rotor are at least one stator-rotor unit directly to each other ver ⁇ connected via the connecting rod, it follows that when operating only one of the two components always also the other component co-rotates (the rotor) and resonates (cylinder piston ). The other component is then entrained or, for example, driven as a generator. Preferably, a corresponding motor control is provided which controls the functions of the individual components. In principle, all operating modes are possible with the combined electric and combustion engine according to the invention, which are also known from the plug-in hybrid models described above and the range extender systems.
  • a vehicle with the combined electric and combustion engine according to the invention can be driven purely by the combustion cylinder, while the electric motor or the stator-rotor unit operates as a generator and charges an energy store.
  • the unit of stator and rotor can work as a motor.
  • the combustion cylinder is off, the piston of the cylinder is dragged along.
  • both the engine and the stator-rotor unit work, both contribute to torque generation on the shaft.
  • the stator-rotor unit can also operate driven by the inertia of the vehicle as a generator and generate electrical energy (recuperation) while the combustion cylinder is on or off.
  • the invention offers the advantage that it is considerably less expensive than two independent drives.
  • the inventive combination of an electric and a combustion drive in a motor mechanical components are eliminated or reduced as far as possible by combining different functions on a component.
  • the combined electric and internal combustion engine comprises a second stator-rotor unit, which can be operated both as a motor and as a generator.
  • the second stator-rotor unit also points ⁇
  • stator and a rotor wherein the rotor is rotatably connected to a shaft.
  • the rotor of the second stator-rotor unit is arranged coaxially with the first rotor and with its shaft.
  • the second stator-rotor unit may be, for example, a synchronous electric motor or an asynchronous motor.
  • Stator rotor unit working as a generator, while the other works as a motor for propulsion. But they can also work together as a generator or as an engine.
  • the number of applications is further increased if, according to an advantageous embodiment, the shafts of the first rotor and the shaft of the second rotor via a releasable coupling element rotatably connected to each other.
  • a coupling element for example, a conventional friction clutch or a positive coupling, such as a dog clutch come into question.
  • Combustion cylinder may be arranged, wherein the connecting rod of the cylinder piston between the rotors of the stator-rotor units may be arranged and rotatably connected to one or both rotors.
  • the connecting rod is rotatably mounted on an eccentric mount at least to a rotor axis and adapted to convert translational movement of the piston and cy linder ⁇ rotary movements of the at least one rotor each other.
  • the connecting rod is rotatably connected to both rotors of the two stator-rotor units.
  • a further advantageous variant provides instead of the eccentrically fastened to the rotor axis a rotatably mounted on the rotor eccentric shaft, to which the connecting rod is rotatably mounted.
  • the eccentric shaft rotatably connected to a rotor or with two rotors.
  • the engine according to the invention has at least one second cylinder.
  • the second cylinder has, just like the first, a combustion chamber, which is delimited by a cylinder piston displaceable in the cylinder.
  • a second connecting rod is attached, which is rotatably connected at an opposite end with at least one rotor.
  • This connecting rod is also set up to convert translational movements of the additional cylinder piston and rotational movements of at least one rotor into one another.
  • the connecting rod of the additional cylinder like a connecting rod of the first cylinder, may be connected to one or two rotors of the electric motors.
  • a second cylinder can increase the efficiency of the engine. With even higher line requirements, even more cylinders can be integrated in the combined electric and combustion engine according to the invention. For example, depending on
  • the at least one cylinder has electrically operated intake and exhaust valves. This allows for further simplifications through the elimination of "
  • camshaft and camshaft drive and additional Variation ⁇ possibilities in the operation of the internal combustion engine are independent valve controls result in fully variable combustion calibration options.
  • inlet and outlet valves allow z.
  • Miller cycle processes early intake valve closure
  • Atkinson cycle processes intake valve late closure
  • scavenging a portion of the intake cold exhaust air purifies the in-cylinder hot exhaust gas in an exhaust manifold
  • exhaust gas components in the cylinder charge 0 to 100% which could replace an exhaust gas recirculation system.
  • the combined electric and internal combustion engine according to the invention is preferably used in a drive train for a motor vehicle.
  • the shaft of the at least one rotor is non-rotatably connected to an input shaft of a transmission.
  • the releasable coupling device may be a conventional friction clutch or a positive clutch, such as a positive clutch. a dog clutch.
  • a form-locking coupling synchronization can be done for example via control of the electric motor.
  • a purely electric starting is preferably provided by one or two stator-rotor units of the vehicle. Jaw clutches are lighter and smaller than conventional friction clutches. With the use of an additional coupling, the possibility of variation in the operating modes can be further increased.
  • the invention therefore also relates to a method for operating a Motor vehicle with a combined invention
  • at least one stator-rotor unit of the combined electrical and Burn ⁇ voltage motor at the traction of the vehicle.
  • at least one stator-rotor unit of the combined electrical and Burn ⁇ voltage motor at the traction of the vehicle.
  • Stator rotor units as well as all combustion cylinders contribute to the traction of the vehicle ("boosting").
  • any combinatorially conceivable operating mode is possible with the combined electric and combustion engine according to the invention.
  • the combustion ⁇ motor can generate the average required driving power, which requires the vehicle. Power peaks can over the
  • Electric motor i. the stator-rotor unit (s) are covered, which derive their energy from accumulators.
  • both electric motors that is, both stator-rotor units operate as a generator. They are driven, for example, by the mass inertia of the vehicle (recuperation). Otherwise, the two stator-rotor units operating as a generator can be driven by the burner in order to charge an energy store.
  • Another variant provides that only one of
  • Stator-rotor units operate in generator mode and thus the battery is charging, while the other works in the engine operation for propulsion.
  • the internal combustion engine can be on or off. Another variant is that only the combustion cylinder is while both stator-rotor units are being carried along.
  • the electrical system can be constructed with one or more batteries. With several rechargeable batteries different voltage levels can be realized (eg 12 Volt / 48 Volt, or 12 Volt / High Volt).
  • At generator operation at least one
  • Stator rotor unit can be charged one or both batteries.
  • the electrical energy can come from one or both batteries.
  • the use of a vehicle electrical voltage / power controller is appropriate.
  • a particularly advantageous variant of the method according to the invention for operating a motor vehicle is possible with a combined electric and combustion engine with at least two stator-rotor units and with two energy stores (preferably 48V) in the vehicle.
  • the at least one cylinder works for the traction of the vehicle.
  • Stator rotor unit is connected to a first energy store and works as a motor.
  • a second energy store is connected to a first energy store and works as a motor.
  • Stator-rotor unit is connected to a second energy storage and operates as a generator.
  • the operating mode can be changed, so that the first stator-rotor unit operates as a generator and the second stator-rotor unit as a motor.
  • this operating mode it is possible (using an engine control) to compensate for fluctuations in the drive torque generated by the 1-cylinder internal combustion engine by pulsed connection of the two stator-rotor units.
  • the "valleys" in the torque curve generated by the cylinder can be filled up, while the second stator-rotor unit is pulsed as a generator and flattening the torque peaks.
  • the fluctuations in the drive torque otherwise occurring in a 1-cylinder engine can be almost completely compensated.
  • Energy storage (battery) are assigned and maintain their operating modes for a certain period of time, a battery is always taken energy while the other is charged. After a certain time it is necessary that the two
  • Stator-rotor units exchange their functions. Preferably, a periodic change of the operating modes of the two stator-rotor units takes place. However, since the direction of the energy flow is maintained in each case for a certain period of time, the energy storage devices take no damage.
  • Figure 1 shows a first embodiment of the combined electric and internal combustion engine according to the invention in an end view of the shaft;
  • Figure 2 is a side view of the embodiment shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 shows a second advantageous embodiment of the inventions ⁇ to the invention electric and internal combustion engine with two stator-rotor units; a further alternative embodiment of a com ⁇ bined electric and internal combustion engine with two stator-rotor units; a further advantageous embodiment of the inventions ⁇ to the invention electric and internal combustion engine with two combustion cylinders.
  • Figure 1 shows an end view of a com ⁇ bined electric and internal combustion engine 1 according to the invention in plan view of the shaft 8.
  • the rotor 7 of the electric motor 5 is rotatably connected. Concentric thereto, outside the stator 6 is arranged, which is enclosed by a housing 11.
  • the connecting rod 9 is rotatably connected.
  • Fulcrum of the connecting rod is arranged eccentrically on the rotor.
  • the connecting rod 9 is pivotally attached to the cylinder piston 4 via a piston pin 12.
  • the cylinder piston 4 limits the combustion chamber 3 in Cylinder 2 of the internal combustion engine.
  • the inlet 30 and outlet 31 of the cylinder are arranged.
  • Figure 2 shows the same embodiment of the combined electric and internal combustion engine according to the invention in side view.
  • the connecting rod 9 of the combustion cylinder 2 is connected via an axis 20 directly to the rotor 7 of the electric motor.
  • the rotor 7 in turn is non-rotatably connected to a shaft 8, which transmits the torque generated by the combined combustion or electric motor 1 via a coupling 19 and a gear ⁇ input shaft 38 to the transmission 39. From the transmission, the torque via a drive shaft 40 to the wheels or to a differential gear (not shown) forwarded.
  • the variant of the electric and internal combustion engine 1 according to the invention shown in FIG. 3 contains a second one
  • Stator-rotor unit 15 as a second electric motor.
  • the non-rotatably mounted shaft 18 is coupled via a coupling 19 with the shaft of the first electric motor 5.
  • the shaft 18 leads to the input shaft 38 of a transmission 39.
  • a second clutch 19 can be introduced.
  • the variant with two electric motors 5 and 15 offers over the variant shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 the additional possibility that an electric motor 5, 15 is operated as a generator, while the second 15, 5 contributes to the traction.
  • the variant shown in Figure 4 also has two stator-rotor units 5.15, in which case the cylinder 2 of the internal combustion engine between the two stator-rotor units is arranged.
  • the connecting rod 9 is about an axis 20 with the two Rotors 7 and 17 of the two electric motors 5 and 15 are connected.
  • the shafts 8 and 18 of the two electric motors are arranged coaxially, but not directly coupled with each other. Via a coupling 19, the shaft 18 leads via the transmission input shaft 38 to the transmission 39.
  • the embodiment variant shown in FIG. 5 is similar to that shown in FIG.
  • the connecting rod 9 is not connected via an axis 20 with the rotors, but it is rotatably connected to an eccentric shaft 21, which in turn rotatably connected to the rotors 7 and 17 of the electric motors 5, 15 is connected.
  • a torque generated by the stator-rotor units and / or the internal combustion engine is transmitted via the shaft 18 and a clutch 19 to the transmission input shaft 38.
  • FIG. 6 shows a further advantageous embodiment is provided is ⁇ .
  • This variant has a second combustion cylinder 22 with a combustion chamber 23 which is bounded by a cylinder piston 24 for increased Leis ⁇ capacity requirements. Via the connecting rod 29, a translational movement of the cylinder piston 24 is transmitted to the rotor 7, 17 of the electric motor.
  • both the connecting rod 9 of the first cylinder 2 and the second connecting rod 29 of the second cylinder 22 are connected via an axis 20 rotatably connected to the rotor 7, 17 of the electric motor.
  • the two connecting rods 9, 19 could also be connected to the rotor via an eccentric shaft 21.

Abstract

Combined electric motor and internal combustion engine (1) having at least one cylinder (2) with a combustion chamber (3) which is delimited by way of a cylinder piston (4) which can be displaced in the cylinder (2), a first stator/rotor unit (5) which can be operated as an electric motor or as a generator, with a stator (6) and a rotor (7) which is connected fixedly to a shaft (8) so as to rotate with it, and having at least one connecting rod (9) which is fastened on one side pivotably to the cylinder piston (4) and is connected on the other side rotatably to the rotor (7), and which is set up to convert translational movements of the cylinder piston (4) and rotational movements of the rotor (7) into one another.

Description

Beschreibung description
KOMBINIERTER ELEKTRO- UND VERBRENNUNGSMOTOR, ANTRIEBSSTRANG  COMBINED ELECTRIC AND COMBUSTION ENGINE, DRIVE TRAY
UND VERFAHREN ZUM BETRIEB EINES KRAFTFAHRZEUGS  AND METHOD FOR OPERATING A MOTOR VEHICLE
Die Erfindung betrifft einen kombinierten Elektro- und Ver- brennungsmotor, insbesondere für den Antrieb von Kraftfahr- zeugen . The invention relates to a combined electric and internal combustion engine, in particular for the drive of motor vehicles.
Seit mehreren Jahren werden elektrisch angetriebene Fahrzeuge als umweltfreundlichere Alternative zu mit Verbrennungsmotoren angetriebenen Fahrzeugen angesehen. In einigen Ländern herrscht der politische Wille, die Einführung und den Anteil von For several years, electrically driven vehicles have been considered as a more environmentally friendly alternative to internal combustion engine driven vehicles. In some countries, the political will, the introduction and the share of
Elektrofahrzeugen im Straßenverkehr zu erhöhen. Der Verkauf und die Neuzulassung von Elektrofahrzeugen sollen daher auch durch Kaufprämien gefördert werden. Trotzdem ist das Interesse der Verbraucher noch verhältnismäßig gering. Als Hauptgründe für die Zurückhaltung beim Kauf von Elektroautos gelten die als zu gering eingeschätzte Reichweite und der vergleichsweise hohe An¬ schaffungspreis . Increase electric vehicles in traffic. The sale and new registration of electric vehicles should therefore also be promoted by purchase premiums. Nevertheless, consumer interest is still relatively low. The main reasons for the reluctance on the purchase of electric cars had been considered too low range and the comparatively high at ¬ creating award-apply.
Die Reichweite von rein elektrisch angetriebenen Automobilen hängt in erster Linie von der Batteriekapazität ab. Trotz deutlichem Fortschritt in der Batterietechnologie in den letzten Jahren ist es aber immer noch so, dass für eine größere Reichweite mehr Batteriezellen eingebaut werden müssen. Dies treibt den Preis und das Fahrzeuggewicht in die Höhe und verringert den Nutzraum. The range of purely electrically driven cars depends primarily on the battery capacity. Despite significant advances in battery technology in recent years, it is still the case that more battery cells need to be installed for greater range. This drives up the price and the vehicle weight and reduces the usable space.
Der Hauptnachteil von Batterien gegenüber fossilen Kraftstoffen ist ihre spezifische Energiedichte. In einem Kilogramm Benzin sind ca. 12 kWh Energie in chemischer Form gespeichert. Li-Ionen Akkumulatoren haben dagegen nur eine spezifische Energie von bis zu ca. 0,25 kWh pro Kilogramm. Der spezifische Energiegehalt von Benzin ist also ca. 50 Mal höher als der Li-Ionen Akkumulatoren, die das derzeit am häufigsten eingesetzte Speichermedium für Energie in Elektrofahrzeugen sind. The main disadvantage of batteries over fossil fuels is their specific energy density. In one kilogram of gas, about 12 kWh of energy is stored in chemical form. By contrast, Li-ion batteries only have a specific energy of up to approx. 0.25 kWh per kilogram. The specific energy content of gasoline is about 50 times higher than the Li-ion batteries, which are currently the most commonly used storage medium for energy in electric vehicles.
Manche Hersteller setzen daher nicht mehr auf mehr Batterie- kapazität, um die Reichweite zu erhöhen, sondern nutzen den oben beschrieben Vorteil der sehr hohen Energiedichte von fossilen Kraftstoffen und verwenden hierzu sogenannte Range Extender. Das sind Verbrennungsmotoren, die betrieben werden, um die Batterien wieder zu laden, aus denen Elektromotoren ihre benötigte Energie entnehmen. Die rein elektrische Reichweite beträgt ca. 50 bis 180 km im realen Betrieb, können aber durch die Range Extender erheblich gesteigert werden. Beide Ansätze, hohe Batterieka¬ pazität und Range Extender, erhöhen zwar die Reichweite des Fahrzeugs, das aber zu immensen Kosten. Therefore, some manufacturers no longer rely on more battery capacity to increase the range, but use the advantage of the very high energy density of fossil fuels described above, and use so-called range extenders. These are internal combustion engines, which are operated to recharge the batteries, from which electric motors take their required energy. The pure electrical range is about 50 to 180 km in real operation, but can be significantly increased by the range extender. Increase both approaches, high Batterieka ¬ capacity and range extenders, although the range of the vehicle but at immense cost.
Einen nicht ganz so progressiven Schritt, nämlich ein Elekt- rofahrzeug durch den Einsatz eines Verbrennungsmotors in ihrer Reichweite zu erhöhen, verfolgen die Konzepte der Plug-in Hybriden. Dies sind eigentlich Fahrzeuge mit Verbrennungsmo- toren, die vor allem für die innerstädtischen und stadtnahen Bereiche die Möglichkeit bieten, rein elektrisch zu fahren, um Geräusch- und Schadstoffausstoß zu reduzieren. The concepts of the plug-in hybrids are pursuing a less progressive step, namely to increase the range of an electric vehicle by using an internal combustion engine. These are actually vehicles with internal combustion engines, which, especially for urban and peri-urban areas, offer the possibility of driving purely electrically in order to reduce noise and pollutant emissions.
Einen großen Nachteil haben aber sowohl die Konzepte der heutigen Range Extender Fahrzeuge als auch die Plug-in Hybriden nach wie vor: Es sind zwei vollständige Antriebssysteme, Verbren¬ nungsmotor und elektrischer Antrieb verbaut. Die beiden eigenständigen Antriebssysteme nehmen sehr viel Platz in Anspruch und nehmen damit viel Nutzraum weg. Außerdem sind das Gewicht und die Kosten dieser Fahrzeuge vergleichsweise hoch. But have a great disadvantage both the concepts of today's range extender vehicles and plug-in hybrids still: There are two complete drive systems, Burn ¬ voltage motor and electric drive installed. The two independent drive systems take up a lot of space and thus take away a lot of usable space. In addition, the weight and cost of these vehicles are comparatively high.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen verbesserten Elektroantrieb für ein Kraftfahrzeug anzugeben, mit welchem die oben genannten Nachteile, die geringe Reichweite und der hohe Preis, vermieden oder reduziert werden können. The invention is therefore based on the object to provide an improved electric drive for a motor vehicle, with which the above-mentioned disadvantages, the short range and the high price, can be avoided or reduced.
Die Aufgabe wird gelöst durch einen kombinierten Elektro- und Verbrennungsmotor gemäß dem unabhängigen Anspruch 1, sowie durch einen Antriebsstrang mit einem erfindungsgemäßen kombinierten Elektro- und Verbrennungsmotor und durch ein Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Kraftfahrzeugs mit einem erfindungsgemäßen kombinierten Elektro- und Verbrennungsmotor gemäß den unab- hängigen Ansprüchen. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen angegeben. The object is achieved by a combined electric and internal combustion engine according to the independent claim 1, and by a drive train with a combined electric and internal combustion engine according to the invention and by a method for operating a motor vehicle with a combined electric and internal combustion engine according to the invention according to the independent claims. Advantageous developments are specified in the dependent claims.
Ein erfindungsgemäßer kombinierter Elektro- und Verbrennungsmotor weist mindestens einen Zylinder auf, mit einem Brennraum, welcher durch einen im Zylinder verschiebbarenA combined electric and internal combustion engine according to the invention has at least one cylinder, with a combustion chamber which is displaceable by a cylinder which can be displaced in the cylinder
Zylinderkolben begrenzt wird. Darüber hinaus weist der kombinierte Elektro- und Verbrennungsmotor eine erste Cylinder piston is limited. In addition, the combined electric and combustion engine has a first
Stator-Rotor-Einheit auf, welche als Elektromotor oder als Generator betrieben werden kann. Die Stator-Rotor-Einheit hat einen Stator und einen Rotor, welcher drehfest mit einer Welle verbunden ist. Erfindungsgemäß ist mindestens ein Pleuel vorhanden, welcher einerseits schwenkbar an dem Zylinderkolben befestigt ist, und andererseits drehbar mit dem Rotor des Elektromotors verbunden ist. Der Pleuel ist eingerichtet, Translationsbewegungen des Zylinderkolbens und Drehbewegungen des Rotors ineinander umzuwandeln. Stator rotor unit, which can be operated as an electric motor or as a generator. The stator-rotor unit has a stator and a rotor which is rotatably connected to a shaft. According to the invention there is at least one connecting rod, which is pivotally mounted on the one hand on the cylinder piston, and on the other hand rotatably connected to the rotor of the electric motor. The connecting rod is adapted to translate translational movements of the cylinder piston and rotational movements of the rotor into each other.
Der erfindungsgemäße Motor ist daher also eine Kombination aus einem klassischen 1-Zylinder Motor und einem Elektromotor. Der erfindungsgemäße Motor ist insbesondere für den Antrieb eines Kraftfahrzeugs vorgesehen, jedoch sind auch andere Anwendungen denkbar . Bei herkömmlichen Verbrennungsmotoren werden Pleuel dafür eingesetzt, Translationsbewegungen eines Zylinderkolbens in Rotationsbewegungen einer Kurbelwelle umzuwandeln. Translationsbewegungen des Zylinderkolbens werden durch zyklische Verbrennungsvorgänge im Brennraum, beispielsweise nach einem 4-Takt oder einem 2-Takt Prinzip erzeugt. Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Motor wird hingegen keine Kurbelwelle eingesetzt. Die durch die Verbrennungen im Brennraum des Zylinders erzeugten Translationsbewegungen des Zylinderkolbens werden durch den Pleuel direkt in Rotationsbewegungen des Rotors der The engine according to the invention is therefore a combination of a classic 1-cylinder engine and an electric motor. The motor according to the invention is intended in particular for driving a motor vehicle, but other applications are conceivable. In conventional internal combustion engines, connecting rods are used to convert translational movements of a cylinder piston into rotational movements of a crankshaft. Translational movements of the cylinder piston are generated by cyclic combustion processes in the combustion chamber, for example after a 4-stroke or a 2-stroke principle. In the engine according to the invention, however, no crankshaft is used. The translational movements of the cylinder piston generated by the burns in the combustion chamber of the cylinder are directly connected by the connecting rod in rotational movements of the rotor
Stator-Rotor-Einheit umgewandelt . Stator rotor unit converted.
Der Pleuel ist üblicherweise ein lang gestreckter Körper, auch Pleuelstange genannt, mit zwei Enden. An dem einen Ende (dem zylinderseitigen Ende) ist der Pleuel beispielsweise über einen Kolbenbolzen schwenkbar am Zylinderkolben befestigt. Am gegenüberliegenden Ende ist er drehbar mit dem Rotor der The connecting rod is usually an elongated body, also called a connecting rod, with two ends. At one end (the cylinder-side end) of the connecting rod, for example, via a piston pin pivotally mounted on the cylinder piston. At the opposite end it is rotatable with the rotor of the
Stator-Rotor-Einheit verbunden. Der Rotor ist eingerichtet, um eine Welle, mit welcher er drehfest verbunden ist, Rotati- onsbewegungen auszuführen. Die drehbare Verbindung des Pleuels mit dem Rotor erfolgt zum Beispiel über eine Achse, welche exzentrisch am Rotor befestigt ist. An dieser Achse ist wiederum der Pleuel drehbar befestigt. Eine andere Variante ist eine am Rotor drehfest befestigte Exzenterwelle, auf welcher wiederum der Pleuel drehbar befestigt ist. Damit wird, wie von her¬ kömmlichen Verbrennungsmotoren bekannt, die Translationsbewegung des Zylinderkolbens in eine Rotationsbewegung umge¬ wandelt. Erfindungsgemäß wird jedoch nicht eine Kurbelwelle in Rotation versetzt, sondern direkt der Rotor eines Elektromotors. Der Rotor dient hier also gleichzeitig als Kurbelwelle und als Massenschwungrad für den Verbrennungsmotor und sorgt somit auch für eine Schwingungsdämpfung. Umgekehrt wird bei Betrieb der Stator-Rotor-Einheit als Stator rotor unit connected. The rotor is set up to rotate a shaft with which it is non-rotatably connected. The rotatable connection of the connecting rod with the rotor takes place for example via an axis which is mounted eccentrically on the rotor. On this axis, in turn, the connecting rod is rotatably mounted. Another variant is a rotatably mounted on the rotor eccentric shaft, on which in turn the connecting rod is rotatably mounted. Thus, the translational movement of the cylinder piston as known from her ¬ conventional internal combustion engines, vice ¬ converts into a rotational movement. According to the invention, however, not a crankshaft is set in rotation, but directly the rotor of an electric motor. The rotor thus serves as a crankshaft and as a flywheel for the internal combustion engine and thus also provides vibration damping. Conversely, when operating the stator-rotor unit as
Elektromotor eine Rotationsbewegung des Rotors über den Pleuel in eine Translationsbewegung des Zylinderkolbens umgewandelt. Durch den Elektromotor wird elektrische Energie, welche bei- spielsweise in einem Energiespeicher des Fahrzeugs gespeichert ist, in Rotationsenergie umgewandelt, indem der Rotor in Rotation um die Welle versetzt wird. Electric motor converted a rotational movement of the rotor via the connecting rod in a translational movement of the cylinder piston. The electric motor converts electrical energy, which is stored, for example, in an energy store of the vehicle, into rotational energy by setting the rotor in rotation about the shaft.
Als Stator-Rotor-Einheit sind grundsätzlich alle bekannten Varianten von Elektromotoren denkbar, z.B. Synchronmaschinen, Asynchronmaschinen etc. Sie kann mit einem Dauermagneten betrieben werden oder über einen Erregerstrom. Der Verbrennungsmotor kann beispielsweise als Direct Injection 4-Takt-Motor mit Turbolader ausgeführt sein. Er kann für die Anwendung mit Benzin, Diesel, Erdgas, Autogas, Biogas, Ethanol, etc. als Kraftstoff ausgeführt sein. Er kann darüber hinaus eine Ab¬ gasrückführungseinrichtung aufweisen sowie einen Katalysator. Das Hubvolumen ist wählbar. Die beiden Komponenten des erfindungsgemäßen Motors, d.h. der Verbrennungs-Zylinder einerseits und die Stator-Rotor-Einheit des Elektromotors andererseits, können jeweils einzeln oder gemeinsam betrieben werden. Darüber hinaus kann die As a stator-rotor unit are basically all known variants of electric motors conceivable, eg synchronous machines, asynchronous machines, etc. It can be operated with a permanent magnet or an excitation current. The internal combustion engine can be designed, for example, as a direct injection 4-stroke engine with turbocharger. It can be designed for use with petrol, diesel, natural gas, LPG, biogas, ethanol, etc. as a fuel. He may also have a Ab ¬ gas recirculation device and a catalyst. The stroke volume is selectable. The two components of the engine according to the invention, ie the combustion cylinder on the one hand and the stator-rotor unit of the electric motor on the other hand, can each be operated individually or together. In addition, the
Stator-Rotor-Einheit auch als Generator betrieben werden. Da mindestens ein Zylinderkolben und ein Rotor mindestens einer Stator-Rotor-Einheit über den Pleuel direkt miteinander ver¬ bunden sind, folgt, dass sich bei Betrieb auch nur einer der beiden Komponenten immer auch die andere Komponente mitdreht (Rotor) bzw. mitschwingt (Zylinderkolben). Die jeweils andere Komponente wird also dann mitgeschleppt oder beispielsweise als Generator angetrieben. Vorzugsweise ist eine entsprechende Motorsteuerung vorhanden, die die Funktionen der einzelnen Komponenten regelt. Grundsätzlich sind mit dem erfindungsgemäßen kombinierten Elektro- und Verbrennungsmotor alle Betriebsmodi möglich, welche auch von den oben beschriebenen Plug-in Hybridmodellen und den Range-Extender Systemen bekannt sind. Stator rotor unit can also be operated as a generator. Since at least one cylinder piston and a rotor are at least one stator-rotor unit directly to each other ver ¬ connected via the connecting rod, it follows that when operating only one of the two components always also the other component co-rotates (the rotor) and resonates (cylinder piston ). The other component is then entrained or, for example, driven as a generator. Preferably, a corresponding motor control is provided which controls the functions of the individual components. In principle, all operating modes are possible with the combined electric and combustion engine according to the invention, which are also known from the plug-in hybrid models described above and the range extender systems.
So kann ein Fahrzeug mit dem erfindungsgemäßen kombinierten Elektro- und Verbrennungsmotor beispielsweise rein durch den Verbrennungszylinder angetrieben werden, während der Elekt- romotor bzw. die Stator-Rotor-Einheit als Generator arbeitet und einen Energiespeicher auflädt. Andererseits kann auch die Einheit aus Stator und Rotor als Motor arbeiten. Wenn der Verbrennungszylinder dabei aus ist, wird der Kolben des Zylinders mitgeschleppt. Wenn sowohl der Verbrennungsmotor als auch die Stator-Rotor-Einheit arbeiten, tragen beide zur Drehmomenterzeugung auf der Welle bei. Thus, for example, a vehicle with the combined electric and combustion engine according to the invention can be driven purely by the combustion cylinder, while the electric motor or the stator-rotor unit operates as a generator and charges an energy store. On the other hand, the unit of stator and rotor can work as a motor. When the combustion cylinder is off, the piston of the cylinder is dragged along. When both the engine and the stator-rotor unit work, both contribute to torque generation on the shaft.
Die Stator-Rotor-Einheit kann auch durch die Massenträgheit des Fahrzeugs angetrieben als Generator arbeiten und elektrische Energie erzeugen (Rekuperation) während der Verbrennungszylinder an oder aus ist. The stator-rotor unit can also operate driven by the inertia of the vehicle as a generator and generate electrical energy (recuperation) while the combustion cylinder is on or off.
Die Erfindung bietet gegenüber den bekannten Plug-in Hybridmodellen und den Range-Extender Systemen den Vorteil, dass sie wesentlich kostengünstiger ist als zwei eigenständige Antriebe. Durch die erfindungsgemäße Kombination eines elektrischen und eines Verbrennungsantriebs in einem Motor sind mechanische Komponenten soweit möglich eliminiert oder reduziert, indem verschiedene Funktionen auf eine Komponente vereinigt werden. Compared with the known plug-in hybrid models and the range extender systems, the invention offers the advantage that it is considerably less expensive than two independent drives. The inventive combination of an electric and a combustion drive in a motor mechanical components are eliminated or reduced as far as possible by combining different functions on a component.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Weiterbildung umfasst der kombinierte Elektro- und Verbrennungsmotor eine zweite Stator-Rotor- Einheit, welche sowohl als Motor als auch als Generator betrieben werden kann. Die zweite Stator-Rotor-Einheit weist ebenfalls ^ According to a preferred development of the combined electric and internal combustion engine comprises a second stator-rotor unit, which can be operated both as a motor and as a generator. The second stator-rotor unit also points ^
einen Stator und einen Rotor auf, wobei der Rotor drehfest mit einer Welle verbunden ist. Vorzugsweise ist der Rotor der zweite Stator-Rotor-Einheit koaxial zum ersten Rotor und zu dessen Welle angeordnet. Wie auch schon bei der ersten Stator-Rotor- Einheit, sind auch hier sämtliche bekannte Varianten füra stator and a rotor, wherein the rotor is rotatably connected to a shaft. Preferably, the rotor of the second stator-rotor unit is arranged coaxially with the first rotor and with its shaft. As with the first stator-rotor unit, all known variants for
Elektromotoren möglich. Die zweite Stator-Rotor-Einheit kann beispielsweise ein elektrischer Synchronmotor oder ein Asynchronmotor sein. Electric motors possible. The second stator-rotor unit may be, for example, a synchronous electric motor or an asynchronous motor.
Durch diese Variante des erfindungsgemäßen kombinierten Elektro- und Verbrennungsmotors mit einer zweiten Stator-Rotor-Einheit wird die Variationsmöglichkeit der einsetzbaren Betriebsmodi weiter gesteigert. Beispielsweise kann eine By this variant of the combined electric and internal combustion engine according to the invention with a second stator-rotor unit, the possibility of varying the usable operating modes is further increased. For example, a
Stator-Rotor-Einheit als Generator arbeiten, während die andere als Motor für den Vortrieb arbeitet. Es können aber auch beide gemeinsam als Generator arbeiten oder als Motor. Die Zahl der Einsatzmöglichkeiten wird noch gesteigert, wenn gemäß einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung die Wellen des ersten Rotors und die Welle des zweiten Rotors über ein lösbares Kupplungselement drehfest miteinander verbindbar sind. Als Kupplungselement kommen beispielsweise eine übliche Reibkupplung oder auch eine formschlüssige Kupplung, wie eine Klauenkupplung in Frage.  Stator rotor unit working as a generator, while the other works as a motor for propulsion. But they can also work together as a generator or as an engine. The number of applications is further increased if, according to an advantageous embodiment, the shafts of the first rotor and the shaft of the second rotor via a releasable coupling element rotatably connected to each other. As a coupling element, for example, a conventional friction clutch or a positive coupling, such as a dog clutch come into question.
In einer anderen alternativen Ausgestaltung können die beiden Stator-Rotor-Einheiten auf gegenüberliegenden Seiten desIn another alternative embodiment, the two stator-rotor units on opposite sides of the
Verbrennungszylinders angeordnet sein, wobei der Pleuel des Zylinderkolbens zwischen den Rotoren der Stator-Rotor-Einheiten angeordnet sein kann und mit einem oder beiden Rotoren drehbar verbunden sein kann. Beispielsweise ist das Pleuel an einer mindestens an einem Rotor exzentrisch befestigen Achse drehbar befestigt und eingerichtet, Translationsbewegungen des Zy¬ linderkolbens und Drehbewegungen des mindestens einen Rotors ineinander umzuwandeln. Vorzugsweise ist der Pleuel mit beiden Rotoren der beiden Stator-Rotor-Einheiten drehbar verbunden. 0 Combustion cylinder may be arranged, wherein the connecting rod of the cylinder piston between the rotors of the stator-rotor units may be arranged and rotatably connected to one or both rotors. For example, the connecting rod is rotatably mounted on an eccentric mount at least to a rotor axis and adapted to convert translational movement of the piston and cy linder ¬ rotary movements of the at least one rotor each other. Preferably, the connecting rod is rotatably connected to both rotors of the two stator-rotor units. 0
Eine weitere vorteilhafte Variante sieht statt der exzentrisch am Rotor befestigen Achse eine drehfest am Rotor befestigte Exzenterwelle vor, an welcher der Pleuel drehbar befestigt ist. Auch hier kann die Exzenterwelle mit einem Rotor oder auch mit zwei Rotoren drehfest verbunden sein. Hierbei können ebenso Translationsbewegungen des Zylinderkolbens und Drehbewegungen des mindestens einen Rotors ineinander umgewandelt werden. Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Variante weist der erfindungsgemäße Motor mindestens einen zweiten Zylinder auf. Der zweite Zylinder weist, ebenso wie der erste, einen Brennraum auf, welcher durch einen im Zylinder verschiebbaren Zylinderkolben begrenzt wird. An dem Zylinderkolben ist wiederum ein zweiter Pleuel befestigt, welcher an einem gegenüberliegenden Ende drehbar mit mindestens einem Rotor verbunden ist. Auch dieser Pleuel ist eingerichtet, Translationsbewegungen des zusätzlichen Zylinderkolbens und Drehbewegungen von mindestens einem Rotor ineinander umzuwandeln. Der Pleuel des zusätzlichen Zylinders kann, ebenso wie ein Pleuel des ersten Zylinders, mit einem oder zwei Rotoren der Elektromotoren verbunden sein. Ein zweiter Zylinder kann die Leistungsfähigkeit des Motors erhöhen. Bei noch höherem Leitungsbedarf können auch noch weitere Zylinder in dem erfindungsgemäßen kombinierten Elektro- und Verbren- nungsmotor integriert werden. Beispielsweise sind je nachA further advantageous variant provides instead of the eccentrically fastened to the rotor axis a rotatably mounted on the rotor eccentric shaft, to which the connecting rod is rotatably mounted. Again, the eccentric shaft rotatably connected to a rotor or with two rotors. In this case also translational movements of the cylinder piston and rotational movements of the at least one rotor can be converted into each other. According to another preferred variant, the engine according to the invention has at least one second cylinder. The second cylinder has, just like the first, a combustion chamber, which is delimited by a cylinder piston displaceable in the cylinder. On the cylinder piston, in turn, a second connecting rod is attached, which is rotatably connected at an opposite end with at least one rotor. This connecting rod is also set up to convert translational movements of the additional cylinder piston and rotational movements of at least one rotor into one another. The connecting rod of the additional cylinder, like a connecting rod of the first cylinder, may be connected to one or two rotors of the electric motors. A second cylinder can increase the efficiency of the engine. With even higher line requirements, even more cylinders can be integrated in the combined electric and combustion engine according to the invention. For example, depending on
Leistungsbedarf zwei, drei, vier oder fünf oder mehr Zylinder möglich. Wie oben für den ersten Zylinder beschrieben, sind auch für den zweiten oder alle weiteren Zylinder sämtliche Kraftstoffe oder Takt-Varianten möglich. Power requirement two, three, four or five or more cylinders possible. As described above for the first cylinder, all fuels or timing variants are possible for the second or all other cylinders.
Eine weitere verbesserte Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Motors besteht darin, dass der mindestens eine Zylinder elektrisch betätigte Einlass- und Auslassventile aufweist. Dies ermöglicht weitere Vereinfachungen durch den Entfall von No- „ Another improved embodiment of the engine according to the invention is that the at least one cylinder has electrically operated intake and exhaust valves. This allows for further simplifications through the elimination of "
ckenwellen und Nockenwellentrieb und zusätzliche Variations¬ möglichkeiten in der Betriebsführung des Verbrennungsmotors. Beispielsweise ergeben sich durch unabhängige Ventilsteuerungen voll variable Verbrennungskalibrationsmöglichkeiten . camshaft and camshaft drive and additional Variation ¬ possibilities in the operation of the internal combustion engine. For example, independent valve controls result in fully variable combustion calibration options.
Elektrisch betätigbare Ein- und Auslassventile erlauben z . B. die Anwendung von Miller-Kreisprozessen (frühes Schließen des Einlassventils) oder Atkinson-Kreisprozessen (spätes Schließen des Einlassventils) , Scavenging (ein Teil der angesaugten kalten Frischluft spült das im Zylinder befindliche heiße Abgas in einem Abgaskrümmer) oder Abgasanteile in der Zylinderladung von 0 bis 100%, womit ein Abgasrückführungssystem ersetzt werden könnte. Electrically actuated inlet and outlet valves allow z. For example, the use of Miller cycle processes (early intake valve closure) or Atkinson cycle processes (intake valve late closure), scavenging (a portion of the intake cold exhaust air purifies the in-cylinder hot exhaust gas in an exhaust manifold), or exhaust gas components in the cylinder charge 0 to 100%, which could replace an exhaust gas recirculation system.
Der erfindungsgemäße kombinierte Elektro- und Verbrennungsmotor ist vorzugsweise in einem Antriebsstrang für ein Kraftfahrzeug eingesetzt. Dabei ist die Welle des mindestens einen Rotors drehfest mit einer Eingangswelle eines Getriebes verbunden. Dies kann vorzugsweise durch eine lösbare Kupplungseinrichtung zur lösbar drehfesten Verbindung erfolgen. Die lösbare Kupplungseinrichtung kann eine herkömmliche Reibkupplung sein oder eine Formschlusskupplung, wie z.B. eine Klauenkupplung. Bei Verwendung einer Formschlusskupplung kann die Synchronisation beispielsweise über Ansteuerung des Elektromotors erfolgen. In diesem Fall ist vorzugsweise ein rein elektrisches Anfahren durch eine oder zwei Stator-Rotor-Einheiten des Fahrzeugs vorgesehen. Klauenkupplungen sind leichter und kleiner als übliche Reibkupplungen. Mit Einsatz einer zusätzlichen Kupplung kann die Variationsmöglichkeit in den Betriebsmodi weiter erhöht werden. The combined electric and internal combustion engine according to the invention is preferably used in a drive train for a motor vehicle. In this case, the shaft of the at least one rotor is non-rotatably connected to an input shaft of a transmission. This can preferably be done by a releasable coupling device for releasably rotationally fixed connection. The releasable coupling device may be a conventional friction clutch or a positive clutch, such as a positive clutch. a dog clutch. When using a form-locking coupling synchronization can be done for example via control of the electric motor. In this case, a purely electric starting is preferably provided by one or two stator-rotor units of the vehicle. Jaw clutches are lighter and smaller than conventional friction clutches. With the use of an additional coupling, the possibility of variation in the operating modes can be further increased.
Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen kombinierten Elektro- und Verbren- nungsmotor bzw. mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Antriebsstrang in einem Kraftfahrzeug sind, wie oben bereits erwähnt, zahlreiche verschiedene Betriebsmodi des Kraftfahrzeugs möglich. Die Erfindung betrifft daher auch ein Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Kraftfahrzeugs mit einem erfindungsgemäßen kombinierten As already mentioned above, numerous different operating modes of the motor vehicle are possible with the combined electric and combustion engine according to the invention or with the drive train according to the invention in a motor vehicle. The invention therefore also relates to a method for operating a Motor vehicle with a combined invention
Elektro- und Verbrennungsmotor. Electric and combustion engine.
Gemäß einer ersten bevorzugten Variante trägt mindestens eine Stator-Rotor-Einheit des kombinierten Elektro- und Verbren¬ nungsmotors zur Traktion des Fahrzeugs bei. Gemäß einer anderen vorteilhaften Variante wird mindestens eine According to a first preferred variant, carries at least one stator-rotor unit of the combined electrical and Burn ¬ voltage motor at the traction of the vehicle. According to another advantageous variant, at least one
Stator-Rotor-Einheit des kombinierten Elektro- und Verbren¬ nungsmotors als Generator betrieben. Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Variante werden sowohl alle Stator rotor unit of the combined electric and combus ¬ tion motor operated as a generator. According to a further advantageous variant, both all
Stator-Rotor-Einheiten als auch alle Verbrennungszylinder zur Traktion des Fahrzeugs beitragen („boosting" ) .  Stator rotor units as well as all combustion cylinders contribute to the traction of the vehicle ("boosting").
Grundsätzlich ist mit dem erfindungsgemäßen kombinierten Elektro- und Verbrennungsmotor jeder kombinatorisch denkbare Betriebsmodus möglich. Beispielsweise kann der Verbrennungs¬ motor die mittlere benötigte Antriebsleistung erzeugen, welche das Fahrzeug benötigt. Leistungsspitzen können über den In principle, any combinatorially conceivable operating mode is possible with the combined electric and combustion engine according to the invention. For example, the combustion ¬ motor can generate the average required driving power, which requires the vehicle. Power peaks can over the
Elektromotor d.h. die Stator-Rotor-Einheit (en) abgedeckt werden, die ihre Energie aus Akkumulatoren beziehen. Electric motor i. the stator-rotor unit (s) are covered, which derive their energy from accumulators.
Eine andere Variante sieht vor, dass beide Elektromotoren, das heißt beide Stator-Rotor-Einheiten als Generator arbeiten. Sie werden beispielsweise über die Massenträgheit des Fahrzeugs angetrieben (Rekuperation) . Andernfalls können die beiden als Generator arbeitenden Stator-Rotor-Einheiten durch den Ver- brenner angetrieben werden um einen Energiespeicher zu laden. Another variant provides that both electric motors, that is, both stator-rotor units operate as a generator. They are driven, for example, by the mass inertia of the vehicle (recuperation). Otherwise, the two stator-rotor units operating as a generator can be driven by the burner in order to charge an energy store.
Eine weitere Variante sieht vor, dass nur eine der Another variant provides that only one of
Stator-Rotor-Einheiten im Generatorbetrieb arbeitet und somit den Akku lädt, während der andere im Motorbetrieb für den Vortrieb arbeitet. Der Verbrennungsmotor kann dabei an oder aus sein. Eine weitere Variante ist, dass nur der Verbrennungszylinder ar- beitet, während beide Stator-Rotor-Einheiten mitgeschleppt werden . Stator-rotor units operate in generator mode and thus the battery is charging, while the other works in the engine operation for propulsion. The internal combustion engine can be on or off. Another variant is that only the combustion cylinder is while both stator-rotor units are being carried along.
Der erfindungsgemäße kombinierte Elektro- und Verbrennungsmotor lässt die Realisierung jedes anderen vorstellbaren Betriebsmodus zu. So kann beispielsweise das Bordnetz mit einem oder mehreren Akkus aufgebaut sein. Bei mehreren Akkus können auch verschiedene Spannungslevel realisiert werden (z. B. 12 Volt/48 Volt, oder 12 Volt/Hochvolt) . Bei Generatorbetrieb mindestens einer The combined electric and internal combustion engine according to the invention allows the realization of any other conceivable operating mode. For example, the electrical system can be constructed with one or more batteries. With several rechargeable batteries different voltage levels can be realized (eg 12 Volt / 48 Volt, or 12 Volt / High Volt). At generator operation at least one
Stator-Rotor-Einheit kann einer oder beide Akkus geladen werden. Bei Motorbetrieb mindestens einer Stator-Rotor-Einheit kann die elektrische Energie aus einer oder beiden Akkus kommen. Der Einsatz eines Bordnetz-Spannungs-/-Leistungsreglers ist zweckmäßig . Stator rotor unit can be charged one or both batteries. When operating at least one stator-rotor unit, the electrical energy can come from one or both batteries. The use of a vehicle electrical voltage / power controller is appropriate.
Eine besonders vorteilhafte Variante des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zum Betrieb eines Kraftfahrzeugs ist möglich mit einem kombinierten Elektro- und Verbrennungsmotor mit mindestens zwei Stator-Rotor-Einheiten sowie mit zwei Energiespeichern (vor- zugsweise 48V) im Fahrzeug. Dabei arbeitet der mindestens eine Zylinder für die Traktion des Fahrzeugs. Eine erste A particularly advantageous variant of the method according to the invention for operating a motor vehicle is possible with a combined electric and combustion engine with at least two stator-rotor units and with two energy stores (preferably 48V) in the vehicle. In this case, the at least one cylinder works for the traction of the vehicle. A first
Stator-Rotor-Einheit ist mit einem ersten Energiespeicher verbunden ist und arbeitet als Motor. Eine zweite Stator rotor unit is connected to a first energy store and works as a motor. A second
Stator-Rotor-Einheit ist mit einem zweiten Energiespeicher verbunden und arbeitet als Generator. In Abhängigkeit von einem Ladezustand der beiden Energiespeicher kann der Betriebsmodus gewechselt werden, so dass die erste Stator-Rotor-Einheit als Generator arbeitet und die zweite Stator-Rotor-Einheit als Motor. In diesem Betriebsmodus ist es möglich (mit Hilfe einer Motorsteuerung) Schwankungen im durch den 1-Zylinder Verbrennungsmotor erzeugten Antriebsmoment durch gepulstes Zuschalten der beiden Stator-Rotor-Einheiten auszugleichen. Indem eine Stator-Rotor-Einheit als Motor arbeitet, können die „Täler" im vom Zylinder erzeugten Drehmomentverlauf aufgefüllt werden, während die zweite Stator-Rotor-Einheit gepulst als Generator arbeitet und die Drehmomentspitzen abflacht. Somit können die ansonsten bei einem 1-Zylinder-Motor auftretenden Schwankungen im Antriebsmoment fast vollständig ausgeglichen werden. Stator-rotor unit is connected to a second energy storage and operates as a generator. Depending on a state of charge of the two energy storage, the operating mode can be changed, so that the first stator-rotor unit operates as a generator and the second stator-rotor unit as a motor. In this operating mode, it is possible (using an engine control) to compensate for fluctuations in the drive torque generated by the 1-cylinder internal combustion engine by pulsed connection of the two stator-rotor units. By operating a stator-rotor unit as a motor, the "valleys" in the torque curve generated by the cylinder can be filled up, while the second stator-rotor unit is pulsed as a generator and flattening the torque peaks. Thus, the fluctuations in the drive torque otherwise occurring in a 1-cylinder engine can be almost completely compensated.
Da die beiden Stator-Rotor-Einheiten jeweils fest einem Since the two stator-rotor units each fixed
Energiespeicher (Akku) zugeordnet sind und für eine gewisse Zeitdauer ihre Betriebsmodi beibehalten, wird einem Akku immer Energie entnommen, während der andere aufgeladen wird. Nach einer bestimmten Zeit ist es erforderlich, dass die beiden Energy storage (battery) are assigned and maintain their operating modes for a certain period of time, a battery is always taken energy while the other is charged. After a certain time it is necessary that the two
Stator-Rotor-Einheiten ihre Funktionen tauschen. Vorzugsweise findet ein periodischer Wechsel der Betriebsmodi der beiden Stator-Rotor-Einheiten statt. Da die Richtung des Energieflusses dabei aber jeweils für eine gewisse Zeitdauer aufrecht erhalten wird, nehmen die Energiespeicher dabei keinen Schaden.  Stator-rotor units exchange their functions. Preferably, a periodic change of the operating modes of the two stator-rotor units takes place. However, since the direction of the energy flow is maintained in each case for a certain period of time, the energy storage devices take no damage.
Weitere Vereinfachungen und Verbilligungen sind möglich durch downgrading des Direct Injection Verbrennungsmotors durch einen Multiport-Inj ection-Verbrennungsmotor . Weiterhin ist ein Entfall des Turboladers möglich oder das Vier-Takt-Prinzip des Verbrennungsmotors kann beispielsweise durch einen Zwei-Takt ersetzt werden. Further simplifications and reductions are possible by downgrading the direct injection internal combustion engine by a multiport injection engine. Furthermore, an elimination of the turbocharger is possible or the four-stroke principle of the internal combustion engine can be replaced for example by a two-stroke.
Die erfindungsgemäße Zusammenführung von Verbrennungsmotor und Elektromotor/Generator in eine funktionelle Einheit ermöglicht die Umsetzung weitestgehender Vereinfachungen im Aufbau sowie Erreichen maximal flexibler Ansteuerung. Dies erlaubt eine maximale Flexibilisierung der möglichen Betriebsmodi des Antriebskonzepts mit dem Ziel maximaler Effizienz, minimalen CO2- und Schadstoffausstoß, sowie minimalem Gewicht bei gleichzeitig minimalen Kosten. The merger of internal combustion engine and electric motor / generator according to the invention into a functional unit makes it possible to implement as far as possible simplifications in the design and to achieve maximum flexible control. This allows a maximum flexibility of the possible operating modes of the drive concept with the goal of maximum efficiency, minimum CO 2 and pollutant emissions, as well as minimum weight with minimum costs.
Im Folgenden soll die Erfindung anhand der beigefügten In the following, the invention with reference to the accompanying
Zeichnungen näher erläutert werden. Es zeigen schematisch: Figur 1 eine erste Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen kombinierten Elektro- und Verbrennungsmotors in Stirnansicht auf die Welle; Drawings are explained in more detail. They show schematically: Figure 1 shows a first embodiment of the combined electric and internal combustion engine according to the invention in an end view of the shaft;
Figur 2 eine Seitenansicht der in Figur 1 gezeigten Ausführungsform; Figure 2 is a side view of the embodiment shown in Figure 1;
Figur 3 eine vorteilhafte Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Figure 3 shows an advantageous development of the invention
Elektro- und Verbrennungsmotors mit zwei Sta¬ tor-Rotor-Einheiten; Electric and internal combustion engine with two Sta ¬ tor rotor units;
Figur 4 eine zweite vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung des erfin¬ dungsgemäßen Elektro- und Verbrennungsmotors mit zwei Stator-Rotor-Einheiten; eine weitere alternative Ausgestaltung eines kom¬ binierten Elektro- und Verbrennungsmotors mit zwei Stator-Rotor-Einheiten; eine weitere vorteilhafte Weiterbildung des erfin¬ dungsgemäßen Elektro- und Verbrennungsmotors mit zwei Verbrennungszylindern . Figur 1 zeigt eine Stirnansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen kom¬ binierten Elektro- und Verbrennungsmotors 1 in Draufsicht auf die Welle 8. Mit der Welle 8 ist der Rotor 7 des Elektromotors 5 drehfest verbunden. Konzentrisch dazu, außenherum ist der Stator 6 angeordnet, welcher von einem Gehäuse 11 umschlossen ist. Mit dem Rotor 7 ist der Pleuel 9 drehfest verbunden. Wobei derFigure 4 shows a second advantageous embodiment of the inventions ¬ to the invention electric and internal combustion engine with two stator-rotor units; a further alternative embodiment of a com ¬ bined electric and internal combustion engine with two stator-rotor units; a further advantageous embodiment of the inventions ¬ to the invention electric and internal combustion engine with two combustion cylinders. Figure 1 shows an end view of a com ¬ bined electric and internal combustion engine 1 according to the invention in plan view of the shaft 8. With the shaft 8, the rotor 7 of the electric motor 5 is rotatably connected. Concentric thereto, outside the stator 6 is arranged, which is enclosed by a housing 11. With the rotor 7, the connecting rod 9 is rotatably connected. Whereby the
Drehpunkt des Pleuels an dem Rotor exzentrisch angeordnet ist. Am anderen Ende des langgestreckten Pleuels 9 ist der Pleuel 9 über einen Kolbenbolzen 12 schwenkbar an dem Zylinderkolben 4 befestigt. Der Zylinderkolben 4 begrenzt den Brennraum 3 im Zylinder 2 des Verbrennungsmotors. Oben am Brennraum des Zylinders 2 sind die Einlass- 30 und Auslassventile 31 des Zylinders angeordnet . Figur 2 zeigt dieselbe Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen kombinierten Elektro- und Verbrennungsmotors in Seitenansicht. Das Pleuel 9 des Verbrennungszylinders 2 ist über eine Achse 20 direkt mit dem Rotor 7 des Elektromotors verbunden. Der Rotor 7 wiederum ist drehfest mit einer Welle 8 verbunden, welche das durch den kombinierten Verbrennungs- oder Elektromotor 1 erzeugte Drehmoment über eine Kupplung 19 und eine Getriebe¬ eingangswelle 38 an das Getriebe 39 weiterleitet. Vom Getriebe wird das Drehmoment über eine Antriebswelle 40 an die Räder bzw. an ein Differentialgetriebe (nicht gezeigt) weitergeleitet. Der kombinierte Elektro- und Verbrennungsmotor 1 bildet zusammen mit der Kupplung 38 und dem Getriebe 39 einen Antriebsstrang 10 eines Kraftfahrzeugs . Fulcrum of the connecting rod is arranged eccentrically on the rotor. At the other end of the elongated connecting rod 9, the connecting rod 9 is pivotally attached to the cylinder piston 4 via a piston pin 12. The cylinder piston 4 limits the combustion chamber 3 in Cylinder 2 of the internal combustion engine. At the top of the combustion chamber of the cylinder 2, the inlet 30 and outlet 31 of the cylinder are arranged. Figure 2 shows the same embodiment of the combined electric and internal combustion engine according to the invention in side view. The connecting rod 9 of the combustion cylinder 2 is connected via an axis 20 directly to the rotor 7 of the electric motor. The rotor 7 in turn is non-rotatably connected to a shaft 8, which transmits the torque generated by the combined combustion or electric motor 1 via a coupling 19 and a gear ¬ input shaft 38 to the transmission 39. From the transmission, the torque via a drive shaft 40 to the wheels or to a differential gear (not shown) forwarded. The combined electric and internal combustion engine 1, together with the clutch 38 and the transmission 39, a drive train 10 of a motor vehicle.
Die in Figur 3 gezeigte Variante des erfindungsgemäßen Elektro- und Verbrennungsmotors 1 enthält eine zweite The variant of the electric and internal combustion engine 1 according to the invention shown in FIG. 3 contains a second one
Stator-Rotor-Einheit 15 als zweiten Elektromotor. Die daran drehfest befestige Welle 18 ist über eine Kupplung 19 mit der Welle des ersten Elektromotors 5 gekoppelt. Auf der Ausgangsseite führt die Welle 18 zur Eingangswelle 38 eines Getriebes 39. Hier kann wahlweise auch noch eine zweite Kupplung 19 eingeführt werden. Die Variante mit zwei Elektromotoren 5 und 15 bietet gegenüber der in Figur 1 und 2 gezeigten Variante die zusätzliche Möglichkeit, dass ein Elektromotor 5,15 als Generator betrieben wird, während der zweite 15,5 zur Traktion beiträgt.  Stator-rotor unit 15 as a second electric motor. The non-rotatably mounted shaft 18 is coupled via a coupling 19 with the shaft of the first electric motor 5. On the output side, the shaft 18 leads to the input shaft 38 of a transmission 39. Here, optionally, also a second clutch 19 can be introduced. The variant with two electric motors 5 and 15 offers over the variant shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 the additional possibility that an electric motor 5, 15 is operated as a generator, while the second 15, 5 contributes to the traction.
Die in Figur 4 gezeigte Variante verfügt ebenfalls über zwei Stator-Rotor-Einheiten 5,15, wobei hierbei der Zylinder 2 des Verbrennungsmotors zwischen den beiden Stator-Rotor-Einheiten angeordnet ist. Der Pleuel 9 ist über eine Achse 20 mit den beiden Rotoren 7 und 17 der beiden Elektromotoren 5 und 15 verbunden. Die Wellen 8 und 18 der beiden Elektromotoren sind koaxial angeordnet, aber nicht direkt miteinander gekoppelt. Über eine Kupplung 19 führt die Welle 18 über die Getriebeeingangswelle 38 zum Getriebe 39. The variant shown in Figure 4 also has two stator-rotor units 5.15, in which case the cylinder 2 of the internal combustion engine between the two stator-rotor units is arranged. The connecting rod 9 is about an axis 20 with the two Rotors 7 and 17 of the two electric motors 5 and 15 are connected. The shafts 8 and 18 of the two electric motors are arranged coaxially, but not directly coupled with each other. Via a coupling 19, the shaft 18 leads via the transmission input shaft 38 to the transmission 39.
Die in Figur 5 gezeigte Ausführungsvariante ähnelt der in Figur 4 gezeigten. Jedoch ist die Pleuelstange 9 hierbei nicht über eine Achse 20 mit den Rotoren verbunden, sondern sie ist drehbar mit einer Exzenterwelle 21 verbunden, welche ihrerseits drehfest mit den Rotoren 7 und 17 der Elektromotoren 5, 15 verbunden ist. Ein von den Stator-Rotor-Einheiten und/oder dem Verbrennungsmotor erzeugtes Drehmoment wird über die Welle 18 und eine Kupplung 19 an die Getriebeeingangswelle 38 weitergeleitet. The embodiment variant shown in FIG. 5 is similar to that shown in FIG. However, the connecting rod 9 is not connected via an axis 20 with the rotors, but it is rotatably connected to an eccentric shaft 21, which in turn rotatably connected to the rotors 7 and 17 of the electric motors 5, 15 is connected. A torque generated by the stator-rotor units and / or the internal combustion engine is transmitted via the shaft 18 and a clutch 19 to the transmission input shaft 38.
In Figur 6 ist eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung dar¬ gestellt. Diese Variante besitzt für einen erhöhten Leis¬ tungsbedarf einen zweiten Verbrennungszylinder 22 mit einem Brennraum 23, welcher von einem Zylinderkolben 24 begrenzt wird. Über den Pleuel 29 wird eine Translationsbewegung des Zylinderkolbens 24 an den Rotor 7, 17 des Elektromotors übertragen. In der dargestellten Variante sind sowohl die Pleuelstange 9 des ersten Zylinders 2 als auch die zweite Pleuelstange 29 des zweiten Zylinders 22 über eine Achse 20 drehbar mit dem Rotor 7, 17 des Elektromotors verbunden. Alternativ könnten die beiden Pleuel 9, 19 auch über eine Exzenterwelle 21 mit dem Rotor verbunden sein. 6 shows a further advantageous embodiment is provided is ¬. This variant has a second combustion cylinder 22 with a combustion chamber 23 which is bounded by a cylinder piston 24 for increased Leis ¬ capacity requirements. Via the connecting rod 29, a translational movement of the cylinder piston 24 is transmitted to the rotor 7, 17 of the electric motor. In the illustrated variant, both the connecting rod 9 of the first cylinder 2 and the second connecting rod 29 of the second cylinder 22 are connected via an axis 20 rotatably connected to the rotor 7, 17 of the electric motor. Alternatively, the two connecting rods 9, 19 could also be connected to the rotor via an eccentric shaft 21.
Für einen weiter erhöhten Leistungsbedarf könnten auch zusätzliche Zylinder nach dem gleichen Prinzip angebaut werden. Darüber hinaus ist auch eine Variante mit zwei oder mehrFor a further increase in power requirements, additional cylinders could be built on the same principle. In addition, there is also a variant with two or more
Verbrennungszylindern und zwei oder mehr Rotor-/Statoreinheiten denkbar . Die in den Figuren gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiele sind lediglich beispielhaft aufzufassen. Alle oben beschriebenen Aspekte der Erfindung können sowohl einzeln, als auch in Kombination in der Erfindung zum Einsatz kommen. Combustion cylinders and two or more rotor / stator units conceivable. The embodiments shown in the figures are to be considered as exemplary only. All aspects of the invention described above can be used both individually and in combination in the invention.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Kombinierter Elektro- und Verbrennungsmotor (1) mit1. Combined electric and internal combustion engine (1) with
- mindestens einem Zylinder (2) mit einem Brennraum (3), welcher durch einen im Zylinder (2) verschiebbaren Zylinderkolben (4) begrenzt wird, - At least one cylinder (2) with a combustion chamber (3) which is bounded by a cylinder piston (4) displaceable in the cylinder (2),
- einer ersten Stator-Rotor-Einheit (5) , welche als Elektromotor oder als Generator betrieben werden kann, mit einem Stator (6) und einem Rotor (7), welcher drehfest mit einer Welle  - A first stator-rotor unit (5) which can be operated as an electric motor or as a generator, with a stator (6) and a rotor (7) which rotatably with a shaft
(8)verbunden ist, (8) is connected,
und mit and with
- mindestens einem Pleuel (9), welcher einerseits schwenkbar an dem Zylinderkolben (4) befestigt ist und andererseits drehbar mit dem Rotor (7) verbunden ist, und welcher eingerichtet ist, Translationsbewegungen des Zylinderkolbens (4) und Drehbewe¬ gungen des Rotors (7) ineinander umzuwandeln. - At least one connecting rod (9) which is pivotally mounted on the one hand on the cylinder piston (4) and on the other hand rotatably connected to the rotor (7), and which is arranged, translation movements of the cylinder piston (4) and Drehbewe ¬ tions of the rotor (7 ) into each other.
2. Kombinierter Elektro- und Verbrennungsmotor (1) gemäß Anspruch 1, 2. Combined electric and internal combustion engine (1) according to claim 1,
mit einer zweiten Stator-Rotor-Einheit (15), mit einem zweiten Stator (16) und einem zweiten Rotor (17), welcher drehfest mit einer Welle (18) verbunden ist. with a second stator-rotor unit (15), with a second stator (16) and a second rotor (17), which is non-rotatably connected to a shaft (18).
3. Kombinierter Elektro- und Verbrennungsmotor (1) gemäß Anspruch 2, 3. Combined electric and internal combustion engine (1) according to claim 2,
wobei die Welle (8) der ersten Stator-Rotor-Einheit (5) und die Welle (18) der zweiten Stator-Rotor-Einheit (15) über eine lösbare Kupplung (19) drehfest miteinander verbindbar sind. wherein the shaft (8) of the first stator-rotor unit (5) and the shaft (18) of the second stator-rotor unit (15) via a releasable coupling (19) are rotatably connected to each other.
4. Kombinierter Elektro- und Verbrennungsmotor (1) gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, 4. Combined electric and internal combustion engine (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
wobei der Pleuel (9) an einer an mindestens einem Rotor (7, 17) exzentrisch befestigten Achse (20) drehbar befestigt ist, und eingerichtet ist, Translationsbewegungen des Zylinderkolbens (4) und Drehbewegungen des mindestens einen Rotors (7,17) ineinander umzuwandeln. wherein the connecting rod (9) is rotatably mounted on an axis (20) mounted eccentrically on at least one rotor (7, 17), and is arranged for translational movements of the cylinder piston (4) and rotational movements of the at least one rotor (7,17) into each other to convert.
5. Kombinierter Elektro- und Verbrennungsmotor (1) gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, 5. Combined electric and internal combustion engine (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
wobei der Pleuel (9) an einer an mindestens einem Rotor (7, 17) drehfest befestigten Exzenterwelle (21) drehbar befestigt ist, und eingerichtet ist, Translationsbewegungen des Zylinderkolbens (4) und Drehbewegungen des mindestens einen Rotors (7, 17) ineinander umzuwandeln. wherein the connecting rod (9) is rotatably mounted on an eccentric shaft (21) rotatably mounted on at least one rotor (7, 17) and adapted to convert translational movements of the cylinder piston (4) and rotational movements of the at least one rotor (7, 17) into each other ,
6. Kombinierter Elektro- und Verbrennungsmotor (1) gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, 6. Combined electric and internal combustion engine (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
mit mindestens einem zweiten Zylinder (22) mit einem Brennraum (23), welcher durch einen im Zylinder (22) verschiebbaren Zylinderkolben (24) begrenzt wird, with at least one second cylinder (22) with a combustion chamber (23) which is delimited by a cylinder piston (24) displaceable in the cylinder (22),
und einem Pleuel (29), welcher einerseits schwenkbar an dem Zylinderkolben (24) des mindestens einen zweiten Zylinders (22 ) befestigt ist und andererseits drehbar mit mindestens einem Rotor (7, 17) einer Stator-Rotor-Einheit (5, 15) verbunden ist, und welcher eingerichtet ist, Translationsbewegungen des Zylinderkolbens (24) und Drehbewegungen des mindestens einen Rotors (7, 17) ineinander umzuwandeln. and a connecting rod (29), which on the one hand pivotally mounted on the cylinder piston (24) of the at least one second cylinder (22) and on the other hand rotatably connected to at least one rotor (7, 17) of a stator-rotor unit (5, 15) is, and which is adapted to translational movements of the cylinder piston (24) and rotational movements of the at least one rotor (7, 17) into each other.
7. Kombinierter Elektro- und Verbrennungsmotor gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, 7. Combined electric and internal combustion engine according to one of the preceding claims,
wobei der mindestens eine Zylinder (2, 22) elektrisch betätigte Einlass- (30) und Auslassventile (31) aufweist. wherein the at least one cylinder (2, 22) has electrically actuated inlet (30) and exhaust valves (31).
8. Antriebsstrang (10) für ein Kraftfahrzeug mit einem kombinierten Elektro- und Verbrennungsmotor (1) gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche. 8. powertrain (10) for a motor vehicle with a combined electric and internal combustion engine (1) according to one of the preceding claims.
9. Antriebsstrang (10) für eine Kraftfahrzeug gemäß Anspruch 8, 9. powertrain (10) for a motor vehicle according to claim 8,
wobei die Welle (8, 18) mindestens eines Rotors (7, 17) drehfest mit einer Eingangswelle (38) eines Getriebes (39) verbunden ist. wherein the shaft (8, 18) of at least one rotor (7, 17) is non-rotatably connected to an input shaft (38) of a transmission (39).
10. Antriebsstrang (10) für ein Kraftfahrzeug gemäß Anspruch 8, wobei zwischen einer Getriebeeingangswelle (38) und der Welle (8, 18) der mindestens einen Stator-Rotor-Einheit (5, 15) eine lösbare Kupplungseinrichtung (19) zur lösbaren drehfesten Verbindung angeordnet ist. 10. powertrain (10) for a motor vehicle according to claim 8, wherein between a transmission input shaft (38) and the shaft (8, 18) of the at least one stator-rotor unit (5, 15) a releasable coupling means (19) for releasably rotationally fixed Connection is arranged.
11. Antriebsstrang (10) für ein Kraftfahrzeug gemäß einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 10, mit einer Steuereinheit zur Ansteuerung des mindestens einen Zylinders und der mindestens einen 11. Drive train (10) for a motor vehicle according to one of claims 8 to 10, with a control unit for controlling the at least one cylinder and the at least one
Stator-Rotor-Einheit des kombinierten Elektro- und Verbren¬ nungsmotors . Stator-rotor unit of the combined electric and combus ¬ tion motor.
12. Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Kraftfahrzeugs mit einem kombinierten Elektro- und Verbrennungsmotor (1) gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7. 12. A method for operating a motor vehicle with a combined electric and internal combustion engine (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7.
13. Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Kraftfahrzeugs gemäß Anspruch 12, wobei mindestens ein Elektromotor (5, 15) zur Traktion des Fahrzeugs beiträgt oder als Generator arbeitet. 13. A method for operating a motor vehicle according to claim 12, wherein at least one electric motor (5, 15) contributes to the traction of the vehicle or operates as a generator.
14. Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Kraftfahrzeugs mit einem kombinierten Elektro- und Verbrennungsmotor (1) gemäß Anspruch 2 oder 3, sowie mit zwei Energiespeichern, wobei der Zylinder (2) zur Traktion des Fahrzeugs beiträgt und eine erste 14. A method for operating a motor vehicle with a combined electric and internal combustion engine (1) according to claim 2 or 3, and with two energy storage devices, wherein the cylinder (2) contributes to the traction of the vehicle and a first
Stator-Rotor-Einheit (5) mit einem ersten Energiespeicher verbunden ist und als Motor arbeitet und eine zweite Stator rotor unit (5) is connected to a first energy storage and operates as a motor and a second
Stator-Rotor-Einheit (15) mit einem zweiten Energiespeicher verbunden ist und als Generator arbeitet. Stator rotor unit (15) is connected to a second energy storage and operates as a generator.
15. Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Kraftfahrzeugs gemäß Anspruch 14, wobei in Abhängigkeit von einem Ladezustand der Energiespeicher der Betriebsmodus gewechselt wird, so dass die erste 15. A method for operating a motor vehicle according to claim 14, wherein in response to a state of charge of the energy storage of the operating mode is changed, so that the first
Stator-Rotor-Einheit (5) als Generator arbeitet und die zweite Stator-Rotor-Einheit (15) als Motor arbeitet. Stator rotor unit (5) operates as a generator and the second stator-rotor unit (15) operates as a motor.
PCT/EP2017/069417 2016-09-14 2017-08-01 Combined electric motor and internal combustion engine, drive train and method for operating a motor vehicle WO2018050349A1 (en)

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