WO2008087201A2 - Method for operating a hybrid drive of a motor vehicle - Google Patents

Method for operating a hybrid drive of a motor vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008087201A2
WO2008087201A2 PCT/EP2008/050542 EP2008050542W WO2008087201A2 WO 2008087201 A2 WO2008087201 A2 WO 2008087201A2 EP 2008050542 W EP2008050542 W EP 2008050542W WO 2008087201 A2 WO2008087201 A2 WO 2008087201A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
combustion engine
internal combustion
hybrid drive
operating range
takes place
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2008/050542
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2008087201A3 (en
Inventor
Andreas Pfaeffle
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Publication of WO2008087201A2 publication Critical patent/WO2008087201A2/en
Publication of WO2008087201A3 publication Critical patent/WO2008087201A3/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/20—Control strategies involving selection of hybrid configuration, e.g. selection between series or parallel configuration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/445—Differential gearing distribution type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • B60L15/2045—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed for optimising the use of energy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/16—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/61—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/04—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
    • F02D41/10—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for acceleration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
    • F02D41/3011—Controlling fuel injection according to or using specific or several modes of combustion
    • F02D41/3017—Controlling fuel injection according to or using specific or several modes of combustion characterised by the mode(s) being used
    • F02D41/3035—Controlling fuel injection according to or using specific or several modes of combustion characterised by the mode(s) being used a mode being the premixed charge compression-ignition mode
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/02—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units comprising more than one electric motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
    • B60L2240/423—Torque
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/44—Drive Train control parameters related to combustion engines
    • B60L2240/441—Speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/44—Drive Train control parameters related to combustion engines
    • B60L2240/443—Torque
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2710/06—Combustion engines, Gas turbines
    • B60W2710/0616—Position of fuel or air injector
    • B60W2710/0622—Air-fuel ratio
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2250/00—Engine control related to specific problems or objectives
    • F02D2250/18—Control of the engine output torque
    • F02D2250/21—Control of the engine output torque during a transition between engine operation modes or states
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2250/00—Engine control related to specific problems or objectives
    • F02D2250/18—Control of the engine output torque
    • F02D2250/24—Control of the engine output torque by using an external load, e.g. a generator
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a hybrid drive of a vehicle, having at least one internal combustion engine and at least two electric machines, wherein the internal combustion engine is operated in at least one operating region with homogeneous combustion.
  • Such a method for operating a hybrid drive of a vehicle is known.
  • internal combustion engines such as diesel and gasoline engines are operated in certain homogeneous charge combustion (HCCI) operating zones.
  • HCCI homogeneous charge combustion
  • the ignition of the introduced fuel is regulated by the addition of exhaust gas into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine.
  • the operating range in which this combustion method is used is limited by the physical conditions for combustion air supply of the combustion chamber.
  • the maximum possible dynamics of the internal combustion engine is thus limited by the system behavior of an air system for combustion air supply. Dynamic can not always be set by physically related dead times of the air system always a correct or necessary exhaust gas recirculation, which can lead to an early ignition timing or a late ignition.
  • the early ignition is associated with a corresponding noise, the late ignition is associated with dropouts. Therefore, the operating range with homogeneous combustion and the dynamics of the
  • Combustion engine in homogeneous combustion determined by the dynamics of the air system, as well as the coupling of the ignition to the dynamics of the air system.
  • To increase the dynamics of the internal combustion engine is at least one of the operating parameters fuel supply, combustion air supply and / or Ignition timing changed.
  • these measures result in a higher fuel consumption and / or a higher pollutant emission.
  • the hybrid drive is operated either in serial or in parallel mode, wherein in the operating range at low, provided to the hybrid drive dynamic demand operation in the serial mode and high dynamic demand operation in parallel mode, at in that a dynamic demand exceeding the dynamic limit of the internal combustion engine is temporarily compensated by at least one of the electrical machines.
  • the internal combustion engine can be operated with operating parameters that are optimized for low-emission and / or fuel-saving operation. These operating parameters are in particular the fuel supply, the combustion air supply and / or the ignition timing in the internal combustion engine. At low dynamic demand on the hybrid drive this is operated in continuous operation in the serial mode.
  • operation takes place with two electric machines in such a way that, in the serial mode, the internal combustion engine drives one of the electric machines that operates as a generator to charge an electrical store and the other electric machine drives the electrical store out of the electrical store Vehicle drives.
  • Switching takes place here, for example, by opening / closing a switchable clutch between the engine and the electric machine operating as a generator on the one hand and the abthebs wh arranged, working as an electric motor electric machine on the other.
  • operation takes place with at least two electrical machines such that in parallel mode the internal combustion engine and at least one of the electric motors drive the vehicle.
  • the internal combustion engine is operated outside the one operating range in an extended operating range with conventional combustion. Operation of the conventional combustion engine results in the extended operating range with higher power and higher torque limits.
  • a power-split operation is provided.
  • a suitable design of the power split (planetary gear) a direct coupling to the wheel drive (differential) is possible.
  • an operation with a continuously variable transmission ratio of a transmission is provided in order to preferably carry out a quasi-stationary engine operation with simultaneous generator and motor operation of the two electrical machines.
  • the internal combustion engine is designed as a diesel engine.
  • a homogeneous combustion diesel engine lower NOx emissions and almost no soot emissions result.
  • the internal combustion engine is designed as a gasoline engine.
  • a homogeneous combustion process in addition to low emissions, also achieves a significant reduction in consumption.
  • the operating range is a partial load operating range.
  • the partial load operating range a particularly low-emission and / or fuel-saving operation can be realized.
  • the invention further relates to a hybrid drive of a vehicle for
  • the hybrid drive has at least one internal combustion engine and at least two electrical machines, is switchable between a serial mode and a parallel mode and can be operated in at least one operating range with homogeneous combustion.
  • FIG. 1 shows a hybrid drive of a vehicle which can be switched between a parallel mode and a serial mode
  • FIG. 2 shows a diagram with a homogeneous combustion operating range and an extended operating range of conventional combustion
  • FIG. 3 shows a diagram in which a torque request is plotted over time.
  • a hybrid drive 1 consisting of an internal combustion engine 2 with an associated tank 3, as well as a Electric motor 4 working electric machine 5 with an associated power electronics unit 6 and designed as a rechargeable battery 7 electrical storage 8.
  • the engine 2 and the electric machine 5 are coupled together via a planetary gear 9.
  • a further electric machine 10 is connected to the planetary gear 9, which is designed as a generator 11.
  • the electric machine 10 is also electrically connected to the mentioned power electronics unit 6.
  • the output shaft 12 of the electric machine 5 is connected via a transmission 13 with a differential 14 in connection, which leads to the drive wheels 15 of the vehicle.
  • the hybrid drive 1 shown in FIG. 1 can be switched between a serial mode and a parallel mode.
  • the internal combustion engine 2 and the electric machine 5 can be coupled via the planetary gear 9 and drive the drive wheels 15 via the gear 13 and the differential 14.
  • Excess power of the internal combustion engine 2 can be converted by means of the electric machine 10 into electrical energy and stored in the electrical memory 8. If additional power is required temporarily, it is removed from the electric storage 8 and supplied to the electric machine 5 acting as the electric motor 4.
  • the storage of electrical energy and the removal of electrical energy from the electrical storage e is controlled via the power electronics unit 6 / regulated.
  • the planetary gear 9 separates the internal combustion engine 2 from the electric machine 4 and the transmission 13.
  • the internal combustion engine 2 drives in serial mode only the electric machine 10 acting as a generator 11, which acts as the electric motor 4 electric machine 5 operates and the electric storage 8 feeds.
  • the electric machine 5 drives the drive wheels 15 via the transmission 13 and the differential 14.
  • the designed as a diesel engine 16 or gasoline engine combustion engine 2 is operated in at least one operating range with homogeneous combustion.
  • homogeneous combustion HCCI combustion process
  • the corresponding fuel diesel fuel or petrol
  • the ignition of the introduced fuel is regulated by the addition of exhaust gas into the combustion chamber.
  • the range in which this combustion method can be used is limited by the physical condition of the air system of the internal combustion engine 2.
  • this operating range 17 results in the diesel engine 16, a low NOx emission and almost no soot emission.
  • the homogeneous combustion process achieves a significant reduction in fuel consumption in addition to the low emissions.
  • FIG. 2 shows a diagram for characterizing the internal combustion engine 2.
  • the torque M of the internal combustion engine 2 is shown as a function of the rotational speed n of the internal combustion engine 2 for a total operating region 18.
  • the total operating range 18 of the internal combustion engine 2 is limited by the idling speed n 0 , the maximum speed n max and an enveloping curve 19.
  • Within the overall operating range 18 is the operating range 17 with homogeneous combustion.
  • an extended operating range 20 is an extended operating range 20, in which the internal combustion engine 2 is operated only with conventional combustion.
  • the sum of the homogeneous combustion operating region 17 and the extended operating region 20 gives the total operating region 18 of the internal combustion engine 2.
  • the hybrid drive 1 is operated at a dynamic demand below a dynamic demand determined by the air system in the serial mode and above operated this dynamic limit in the parallel mode, wherein over the dynamic limit of the engine beyond dynamic demand is temporarily compensated by at least one of the electric machines 5, 10.
  • FIG. 3 shows a diagram in which the moment M is plotted over the time t. It shows the function 21 of a moment request and a function 22, which indicates the dynamic limit in the form of a dynamic torque limit of the internal combustion engine 2 with homogeneous combustion. If the instantaneous demand (function 21) lies above the momentarily dynamically realizable torque limit (function 22), then the torque difference is temporarily compensated by the electric machine 5 (regions 23). If the instantaneous demand (function 21) drops below the dynamically realizable torque limit (function 22) or dynamic limit, then the torque reduction can be achieved by a regenerative load torque of the electric machine 10 (range 24). In this case, the electric memory 8 is powered.

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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for operating a hybrid drive (1) of a motor vehicle comprising at least one combustion engine (2, 16) and at least two electric motors (4, 5, 10, 11). The combustion engine is operated with homogeneous combustion in at least one operational area. According to the invention, the hybrid drive is operated selectively in the serial or parallel mode. When the hybrid drive only requires a low dynamic input, it operates in the series mode and operation in the parallel mode takes place in the event of high dynamic input. When the dynamic input to be supplied exceeds the dynamic limit of the internal combustion engine, said input is temporally compensated by at least one of the electric motors.

Description

Beschreibung description
Titel Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Hybridantriebs eines FahrzeugsTitle Procedure for operating a hybrid drive of a vehicle
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Hybridantriebs eines Fahrzeugs, mit mindestens einem Verbrennungsmotor und mindestens zwei elektrischen Maschinen, wobei der Verbrennungsmotor in mindestens einem Betriebsbereich mit homogener Verbrennung betrieben wird.The invention relates to a method for operating a hybrid drive of a vehicle, having at least one internal combustion engine and at least two electric machines, wherein the internal combustion engine is operated in at least one operating region with homogeneous combustion.
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Ein derartiges Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Hybridantriebs eines Fahrzeugs ist bekannt. Aktuell werden Verbrennungsmotoren wie zum Beispiel Diesel- und Ottomotoren in bestimmten Betriebsbereichen mit homogener Verbrennung (HCCI: homogeneous Charge compression ignition) betrieben. Beim homogenen Brennverfahren ist das Entzünden des eingebrachten Kraftstoffs durch Zugabe von Abgas in den Brennraum des Verbrennungsmotors geregelt. Dabei ist der Betriebsbereich, in dem dieses Brennverfahren angewendet wird, durch die physikalischen Gegebenheiten zur Verbrennungsluftzufuhr des Brennraums eingeschränkt. Die maximal mögliche Dynamik des Verbrennungsmotors ist somit durch das Systemverhalten eines Luftsystems zur Verbrennungsluftversorgung limitiert. Dynamisch kann durch ebenfalls physikalisch bedingte Totzeiten des Luftsystems nicht immer eine korrekte beziehungsweise notwendige Abgasrückführung eingestellt werden, was zu einem frühen Zündzeitpunkt oder zu einem späten Zündzeitpunkt führen kann. Der frühe Zündzeitpunkt ist mit einem entsprechenden Geräusch verbunden, der späte Zündzeitpunkt ist mit Aussetzern verbunden. Daher wird der Betriebsbereich mit homogener Verbrennung und die Dynamik desSuch a method for operating a hybrid drive of a vehicle is known. Currently, internal combustion engines such as diesel and gasoline engines are operated in certain homogeneous charge combustion (HCCI) operating zones. In the homogeneous combustion process, the ignition of the introduced fuel is regulated by the addition of exhaust gas into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine. In this case, the operating range in which this combustion method is used is limited by the physical conditions for combustion air supply of the combustion chamber. The maximum possible dynamics of the internal combustion engine is thus limited by the system behavior of an air system for combustion air supply. Dynamic can not always be set by physically related dead times of the air system always a correct or necessary exhaust gas recirculation, which can lead to an early ignition timing or a late ignition. The early ignition is associated with a corresponding noise, the late ignition is associated with dropouts. Therefore, the operating range with homogeneous combustion and the dynamics of the
Verbrennungsmotors bei homogener Verbrennung durch die Dynamik des Luftsystems, sowie die Kopplung der Zündung an die Dynamik des Luftsystems bestimmt. Zur Erhöhung der Dynamik des Verbrennungsmotors wird mindestens einer der Betriebsparameter Kraftstoffzufuhr, Verbrennungsluftzufuhr und/oder Zündzeitpunkt verändert. Durch diese Maßnahmen ergibt sich jedoch ein höherer Kraftstoffverbrauch und/oder eine höhere Schadstoffemission.Combustion engine in homogeneous combustion determined by the dynamics of the air system, as well as the coupling of the ignition to the dynamics of the air system. To increase the dynamics of the internal combustion engine is at least one of the operating parameters fuel supply, combustion air supply and / or Ignition timing changed. However, these measures result in a higher fuel consumption and / or a higher pollutant emission.
Offenbarung der ErfindungDisclosure of the invention
Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren ist vorgesehen, dass der Hybridantrieb wahlweise im seriellen oder im parallelen Modus betrieben wird, wobei in dem Betriebsbereich bei niedriger, an den Hybridantrieb gestellten Dynamikanforderung ein Betrieb im seriellen Modus erfolgt und bei hoher Dynamikanforderung ein Betrieb im parallelen Modus erfolgt, bei dem eine über die Dynamikgrenze des Verbrennungsmotors hinausgehende Dynamikanforderung temporär durch mindestens eine der elektrischen Maschinen ausgeglichen wird. Durch den Ausgleich einer über die Dynamikgrenze des Verbrennungsmotors bei homogener Verbrennung hinausgehende Dynamikanforderung durch mindestens eine der elektrischen Maschinen, kann der Verbrennungsmotor mit Betriebsparametern betrieben werden, die auf einen emissionsarmen und/oder kraftstoffsparenden Betrieb optimiert sind. Diese Betriebsparameter sind insbesondere die Kraftstoffzufuhr, die Verbrennungsluftzufuhr und/oder der Zündzeitpunkt beim Verbrennungsmotor. Bei niedriger Dynamikanforderung an den Hybridantrieb wird dieser bei kontinuierlichem Betrieb im seriellen Modus betrieben. In diesem Betriebsmodus arbeitet der Verbrennungsmotor besonders emissionsarm und/oder kraftstoffsparend. Bei Dynamikanforderungen - zum Beispiel durch Betätigen eines Fahrpedals durch einen Fahrer des Fahrzeugs -, die über die Dynamikgrenze des Hybridantriebs mit dem mit homogener Verbrennung betriebenen Verbrennungsmotors hinausgehen, wird auf einen parallelen Betrieb des Hybridantriebs umgeschaltet, bei dem die verbrennungsmotorische Leistung des Verbrennungsmotors durch elektromotorische Leistung mindestens einer der elektrischen Maschinen ergänzt wird. Kurzfristige zusätzliche Leistungsanforderungen an den Hybridantrieb werden somit durch Zuschalten der elektrischen Maschine erfüllt (Boostbetheb). Unter einer Dynamikanforderung ist im Zusammenhang mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren die Dynamik einer Moment- oder Leistungsanforderung an den Hybridantrieb zu verstehen. Weiterhin ist mit Vorteil vorgesehen, dass ein Betrieb mit zwei elektrischen Maschinen derart erfolgt, dass im seriellen Modus der Verbrennungsmotor eine der elektrischen Maschinen, die als Generator arbeitet, zum Laden eines elektrischen Speichers antreibt und die andere elektrische Maschine durch Energieentnahme aus dem elektrischen Speicher das Fahrzeug antreibt. Ein Umschalten erfolgt dabei zum Beispiel durch Öffnen/Schließen einer schaltbaren Kupplung zwischen dem Verbrennungsmotor und der als Generator arbeitenden elektrischen Maschine einerseits und der abthebsseitig angeordneten, als Elektromotor arbeitenden elektrischen Maschine andererseits.In the method according to the invention it is provided that the hybrid drive is operated either in serial or in parallel mode, wherein in the operating range at low, provided to the hybrid drive dynamic demand operation in the serial mode and high dynamic demand operation in parallel mode, at in that a dynamic demand exceeding the dynamic limit of the internal combustion engine is temporarily compensated by at least one of the electrical machines. By compensating for a dynamic demand exceeding the dynamic limit of the internal combustion engine with homogeneous combustion by at least one of the electrical machines, the internal combustion engine can be operated with operating parameters that are optimized for low-emission and / or fuel-saving operation. These operating parameters are in particular the fuel supply, the combustion air supply and / or the ignition timing in the internal combustion engine. At low dynamic demand on the hybrid drive this is operated in continuous operation in the serial mode. In this mode of operation of the internal combustion engine operates particularly low emissions and / or fuel-efficient. In dynamic requirements - for example, by pressing an accelerator pedal by a driver of the vehicle - beyond the dynamic limit of the hybrid drive with the homogeneous combustion engine running, is switched to a parallel operation of the hybrid drive, wherein the internal combustion engine power of the engine by electromotive power at least one of the electrical machines is supplemented. Short-term additional power requirements for the hybrid drive are thus met by connecting the electric machine (Boostbetheb). In the context of the method according to the invention, a dynamic requirement is to be understood as meaning the dynamics of a moment or power requirement on the hybrid drive. Furthermore, it is advantageously provided that operation takes place with two electric machines in such a way that, in the serial mode, the internal combustion engine drives one of the electric machines that operates as a generator to charge an electrical store and the other electric machine drives the electrical store out of the electrical store Vehicle drives. Switching takes place here, for example, by opening / closing a switchable clutch between the engine and the electric machine operating as a generator on the one hand and the abthebsseitig arranged, working as an electric motor electric machine on the other.
Mit Vorteil ist vorgesehen, dass ein Betrieb mit mindestens zwei elektrischen Maschinen derart erfolgt, dass im parallelen Modus der Verbrennungsmotor und mindestens einer der Elektromotoren das Fahrzeug antreibt.It is advantageously provided that operation takes place with at least two electrical machines such that in parallel mode the internal combustion engine and at least one of the electric motors drive the vehicle.
Insbesondere ist vorgesehen, dass der Verbrennungsmotor außerhalb des einen Betriebsbereichs in einem erweiterten Betriebsbereich mit konventioneller Verbrennung betrieben wird. Bei einem Betrieb des Verbrennungsmotors mit konventioneller Verbrennung ergibt sich der erweiterter Betriebsbereich mit höherer Leistungs- und höherer Drehmomentgrenze.In particular, it is provided that the internal combustion engine is operated outside the one operating range in an extended operating range with conventional combustion. Operation of the conventional combustion engine results in the extended operating range with higher power and higher torque limits.
Nach einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist ein leistungsverzweigter Betrieb vorgesehen. Bei geeigneter Auslegung der Leistungsverzweigung (Planetengetriebe) ist eine direkte Ankopplung an den Radantrieb (Differenzial) möglich.According to a development of the invention, a power-split operation is provided. With a suitable design of the power split (planetary gear) a direct coupling to the wheel drive (differential) is possible.
Mit Vorteil ist ein Betrieb mit kontinuierlich verstellbarem Übersetzungsverhältnis eines Getriebes vorgesehen, um vorzugsweise einen quasistationären Verbrennungsmotorbetrieb bei gleichzeitigem generatorischen und motorischem Betreiben der beiden elektrischen Maschinen vorzunehmen.Advantageously, an operation with a continuously variable transmission ratio of a transmission is provided in order to preferably carry out a quasi-stationary engine operation with simultaneous generator and motor operation of the two electrical machines.
Nach einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass der Verbrennungsmotor als Dieselmotor ausgebildet ist. Bei einem mit homogener Verbrennung betriebenen Dieselmotor ergeben sich geringere NOx-Emissionen und nahezu keine Rußemissionen. Alternativ ist insbesondere vorgesehen, dass der Verbrennungsmotor als Ottomotor ausgebildet ist. Beim Ottomotor wird durch ein homogenes Brennverfahren zusätzlich zu niedrigen Emissionen auch eine deutliche Reduktion des Verbrauchs realisiert.According to a development of the invention it is provided that the internal combustion engine is designed as a diesel engine. In a homogeneous combustion diesel engine, lower NOx emissions and almost no soot emissions result. Alternatively, it is particularly provided that the internal combustion engine is designed as a gasoline engine. In the gasoline engine, a homogeneous combustion process, in addition to low emissions, also achieves a significant reduction in consumption.
Weiterhin ist mit Vorteil vorgesehen, dass der Betriebsbereich ein Teillast- Betriebsbereich ist. Im Teillast-Betriebsbereich kann eine besonders emissionsarmer und/oder kraftstoffsparender Betrieb realisiert werden.Furthermore, it is advantageously provided that the operating range is a partial load operating range. In the partial load operating range, a particularly low-emission and / or fuel-saving operation can be realized.
Die Erfindung betrifft weiterhin einen Hybridantrieb eines Fahrzeugs zurThe invention further relates to a hybrid drive of a vehicle for
Verwendung mit dem vorstehend genannten Verfahren. Der Hybridantrieb weist mindestens einen Verbrennungsmotor und mindestens zwei elektrische Maschinen auf, ist zwischen einem seriellen Modus und einem parallelen Modus umschaltbar und kann in mindestens einem Betriebsbereich mit homogener Verbrennung betrieben werden.Use with the above-mentioned method. The hybrid drive has at least one internal combustion engine and at least two electrical machines, is switchable between a serial mode and a parallel mode and can be operated in at least one operating range with homogeneous combustion.
Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungenBrief description of the drawings
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand der zugehörigen Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it:
Figur 1 einen Hybridantrieb eines Fahrzeugs, der zwischen einem parallelen Modus und einem seriellen Modus umschaltbar ist,FIG. 1 shows a hybrid drive of a vehicle which can be switched between a parallel mode and a serial mode,
Figur 2 ein Diagramm mit einem Betriebsbereich homogener Verbrennung und einem erweiterten Betriebsbereich konventioneller Verbrennung undFIG. 2 shows a diagram with a homogeneous combustion operating range and an extended operating range of conventional combustion and FIG
Figur 3 ein Diagramm, bei dem eine Momentenanforderung über der Zeit aufgetragen ist.3 shows a diagram in which a torque request is plotted over time.
Ausführungsform(en) der ErfindungEmbodiment (s) of the invention
Die Figur 1 zeigt einen Hybridantrieb 1 bestehend aus einem Verbrennungsmotor 2 mit einem zugeordneten Tank 3, sowie einer als Elektromotor 4 arbeitenden elektrischen Maschine 5 mit einer zugeordneten Leistungselektronik-Einheit 6 und einem als wiederaufladbare Batterie 7 ausgebildeten elektrischen Speicher 8. Der Verbrennungsmotor 2 und die elektrische Maschine 5 sind über ein Planetengetriebe 9 miteinander kuppelbar. Ferner ist mit dem Planetengetriebe 9 eine weitere elektrische Maschine 10 verbunden, die als Generator 11 ausgebildet ist. Die elektrische Maschine 10 steht ebenfalls mit der genannten Leistungselektronik-Einheit 6 elektrisch in Verbindung. Die Abtriebswelle 12 der elektrischen Maschine 5 steht über ein Getriebe 13 mit einem Differenzial 14 in Verbindung, das zu den Antriebsrädern 15 des Fahrzeugs führt.1 shows a hybrid drive 1 consisting of an internal combustion engine 2 with an associated tank 3, as well as a Electric motor 4 working electric machine 5 with an associated power electronics unit 6 and designed as a rechargeable battery 7 electrical storage 8. The engine 2 and the electric machine 5 are coupled together via a planetary gear 9. Further, a further electric machine 10 is connected to the planetary gear 9, which is designed as a generator 11. The electric machine 10 is also electrically connected to the mentioned power electronics unit 6. The output shaft 12 of the electric machine 5 is connected via a transmission 13 with a differential 14 in connection, which leads to the drive wheels 15 of the vehicle.
Der in Figur 1 gezeigte Hybridantrieb 1 kann zwischen einem seriellen Modus und einem parallelen Modus umgeschaltet werden. Im parallelen Modus sind Verbrennungsmotor 2 und elektrische Maschine 5 über das Planetengetriebe 9 kuppelbar und treiben die Antriebsräder 15 über das Getriebe 13 und das Differenzial 14 an. Überschüssige Leistung des Verbrennungsmotors 2 kann mittels der elektrischen Maschine 10 in elektrische Energie umgewandelt und im elektrischen Speicher 8 gespeichert werden. Wird temporär zusätzliche Leistung benötigt, so wird diese aus dem elektrischen Speicher 8 entnommen und der als Elektromotor 4 wirkenden elektrischen Maschine 5 zugeführt. Das Speichern von elektrischer Energie und die Entnahme elektrischer Energie aus dem elektrischen Speicher e wird über die Leistungselektronik-Einheit 6 gesteuert/geregelt. In einem seriellen Modus des Hybridantriebs 1 trennt das Planetengetriebe 9 den Verbrennungsmotor 2 von der elektrischen Maschine 4 und dem Getriebe 13. Der Verbrennungsmotor 2 treibt im seriellen Modus lediglich die als Generator 11 wirkende elektrische Maschine 10 an, die die als Elektromotor 4 wirkende elektrische Maschine 5 betreibt und den elektrischen Speicher 8 speist. Die elektrische Maschine 5 treibt die Antriebsräder 15 über das Getriebe 13 und das Differenzial 14 an.The hybrid drive 1 shown in FIG. 1 can be switched between a serial mode and a parallel mode. In the parallel mode, the internal combustion engine 2 and the electric machine 5 can be coupled via the planetary gear 9 and drive the drive wheels 15 via the gear 13 and the differential 14. Excess power of the internal combustion engine 2 can be converted by means of the electric machine 10 into electrical energy and stored in the electrical memory 8. If additional power is required temporarily, it is removed from the electric storage 8 and supplied to the electric machine 5 acting as the electric motor 4. The storage of electrical energy and the removal of electrical energy from the electrical storage e is controlled via the power electronics unit 6 / regulated. In a serial mode of the hybrid drive 1, the planetary gear 9 separates the internal combustion engine 2 from the electric machine 4 and the transmission 13. The internal combustion engine 2 drives in serial mode only the electric machine 10 acting as a generator 11, which acts as the electric motor 4 electric machine 5 operates and the electric storage 8 feeds. The electric machine 5 drives the drive wheels 15 via the transmission 13 and the differential 14.
Es ergibt sich folgende Funktion des Hybridantriebs 1 bei Verwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren: Der als Dieselmotor 16 oder Ottomotor ausgebildete Verbrennungsmotor 2 wird in mindestens einem Betriebsbereich mit homogener Verbrennung betrieben. Bei der homogenen Verbrennung (HCCI-Brennverfahren) wird der entsprechende Kraftstoff (Dieselkraftstoff beziehungsweise Ottokraftstoff) eingespritzt, wobei das hier durch im Brennraum vorliegende Kraftstoff-Luftgemisch erst gezündet wird, wenn die für den Motortakt erforderliche, gesamte Kraftstoffmenge in den jeweiligen Brennraum eingespritzt wurde. Bei beiden Brennverfahren wird das Zünden des eingebrachten Kraftstoffs durch die Zugabe von Abgas in den Brennraum geregelt. Dabei ist der Bereich, in dem dieses Brennverfahren angewendet werden kann, durch die physikalische Gegebenheit des Luftsystems des Verbrennungsmotors 2 limitiert. Es ergibt sich mindestens ein Betriebsbereich 17, bei dem homogene Verbrennung des Kraftstoffs möglich ist. In diesem Betriebsbereich 17 ergibt sich beim Dieselmotor 16 eine geringe NOx-Emission und nahezu keine Rußemission. Beim Ottomotor wird durch das homogene Brennverfahren zusätzlich zu den niedrigen Emissionen eine deutliche Reduktion des Kraftstoffverbrauchs realisiert.This results in the following function of the hybrid drive 1 when using the method according to the invention: The designed as a diesel engine 16 or gasoline engine combustion engine 2 is operated in at least one operating range with homogeneous combustion. In homogeneous combustion (HCCI combustion process), the corresponding fuel (diesel fuel or petrol) injected, wherein the present here in the combustion chamber fuel-air mixture is ignited only when the time required for the engine cycle, the total amount of fuel was injected into the respective combustion chamber. In both combustion methods, the ignition of the introduced fuel is regulated by the addition of exhaust gas into the combustion chamber. In this case, the range in which this combustion method can be used is limited by the physical condition of the air system of the internal combustion engine 2. This results in at least one operating range 17, in which homogeneous combustion of the fuel is possible. In this operating range 17 results in the diesel engine 16, a low NOx emission and almost no soot emission. In the gasoline engine, the homogeneous combustion process achieves a significant reduction in fuel consumption in addition to the low emissions.
Die Figur 2 zeigt ein Diagramm zur Charakterisierung des Verbrennungsmotors 2. Dabei ist das Drehmoment M des Verbrennungsmotors 2 in Abhängigkeit von der Drehzahl n des Verbrennungsmotors 2 für einen Gesamtbetriebsbereich 18 gezeigt. Der Gesamtbetriebsbereich 18 des Verbrennungsmotors 2 ist durch die Leerlaufdrehzahl n0, die Maximaldrehzahl nmax und eine einhüllende Kurve 19 begrenzt. Innerhalb des Gesamtbetriebsbereich 18 findet sich der Betriebsbereich 17 mit homogener Verbrennung. Außerhalb dieses Betriebsbereichs 17 befindet sich ein erweiterter Betriebsbereich 20, in dem der Verbrennungsmotor 2 nur mit konventioneller Verbrennung betrieben wird. Die Summe aus dem Betriebsbereich 17 mit homogener Verbrennung und dem erweiterten Betriebsbereich 20 ergibt den Gesamtbetriebsbereich 18 des Verbrennungsmotors 2.FIG. 2 shows a diagram for characterizing the internal combustion engine 2. The torque M of the internal combustion engine 2 is shown as a function of the rotational speed n of the internal combustion engine 2 for a total operating region 18. The total operating range 18 of the internal combustion engine 2 is limited by the idling speed n 0 , the maximum speed n max and an enveloping curve 19. Within the overall operating range 18 is the operating range 17 with homogeneous combustion. Outside this operating range 17 is an extended operating range 20, in which the internal combustion engine 2 is operated only with conventional combustion. The sum of the homogeneous combustion operating region 17 and the extended operating region 20 gives the total operating region 18 of the internal combustion engine 2.
Neben der Beschränkung der homogenen Verbrennung im Verbrennungsmotor 2 auf den Betriebsbereich 17 geben sich auch dynamische Grenzen der homogenen Verbrennung. Dynamisch kann durch die physikalisch bedingten Totzeiten eines Luftsystems zur Verbrennungsluftversorgung des Verbrennungsmotors 2 nicht immer die korrekte beziehungsweise notwendige Abgasrückführung eingestellt werden, was zu deutlich frühen Zündzeitpunkten und einem Geräusch oder zu späten Zündzeitpunkten und Zündaussetzern führen kann. Um diese Probleme bei der Zündungsregelung und damit die Kopplung des homogenen Brennverfahrens an die langsame Führungsgröße des Luftsystems zu umgehen und die Vorteile des homogenen Brennverfahrens (niedrige Emissionen und/oder niedriger Verbrauch) nutzen zu können, wird der Hybridantrieb 1 bei einer Dynamikanforderung unterhalb einer vom Luftsystem bestimmten Dynamikanforderung im seriellen Modus betrieben und oberhalb dieser Dynamikgrenze im parallelen Modus betrieben, wobei die über die Dynamikgrenze des Verbrennungsmotors hinausgehende Dynamikanforderung temporär durch mindestens eine der elektrischen Maschinen 5, 10 ausgeglichen wird. Je nach dem Verhältnis der Effizienz von seriellem und parallelem Modus ergeben sich auch zwei Dynamikgrenzen: Die Dynamikgrenze desIn addition to the restriction of the homogeneous combustion in the internal combustion engine 2 to the operating range 17, there are also dynamic limits of homogeneous combustion. Dynamically can not always be set by the physically related dead times of an air system for combustion air supply of the internal combustion engine 2, the correct or necessary exhaust gas recirculation, which can lead to significantly early ignition and noise or too late ignition and misfires. To these problems in the ignition control and thus the Coupling of the homogeneous combustion process to the slow reference variable of the air system to be able to use the advantages of the homogeneous combustion method (low emissions and / or low consumption), the hybrid drive 1 is operated at a dynamic demand below a dynamic demand determined by the air system in the serial mode and above operated this dynamic limit in the parallel mode, wherein over the dynamic limit of the engine beyond dynamic demand is temporarily compensated by at least one of the electric machines 5, 10. Depending on the ratio of the efficiency of serial and parallel mode, there are also two dynamic limits: The dynamic limit of the
Verbrennungsmotors 2 innerhalb des parallelen Modus und eine Dynamikgrenze des Hybridantriebs 1 im seriellen Modus (nicht gezeigt).Internal combustion engine 2 within the parallel mode and a dynamic limit of the hybrid drive 1 in the serial mode (not shown).
Die Figur 3 zeigt ein Diagramm, bei dem das Moment M über der Zeit t aufgetragen ist. Es zeigt die Funktion 21 einer Momentanforderung und eine Funktion 22, die die Dynamikgrenze in Form einer dynamischen Momentgrenze des Verbrennungsmotors 2 bei homogener Verbrennung angibt. Liegt die Momentanforderung (Funktion 21 ) oberhalb der momentan dynamisch realisierbaren Momentgrenze (Funktion 22), so wird die Momentdifferenz temporär durch die elektrische Maschine 5 ausgeglichen (Bereiche 23). Sinkt die Momentanforderung (Funktion 21 ) unterhalb der dynamisch realisierbaren Momentgrenze (Funktion 22) beziehungsweise Dynamikgrenze, so kann die Momentenreduktion durch ein generatorisches Lastmoment der elektrischen Maschine 10 erreicht werden (Bereich 24). Dabei wird der elektrische Speicher 8 gespeist. FIG. 3 shows a diagram in which the moment M is plotted over the time t. It shows the function 21 of a moment request and a function 22, which indicates the dynamic limit in the form of a dynamic torque limit of the internal combustion engine 2 with homogeneous combustion. If the instantaneous demand (function 21) lies above the momentarily dynamically realizable torque limit (function 22), then the torque difference is temporarily compensated by the electric machine 5 (regions 23). If the instantaneous demand (function 21) drops below the dynamically realizable torque limit (function 22) or dynamic limit, then the torque reduction can be achieved by a regenerative load torque of the electric machine 10 (range 24). In this case, the electric memory 8 is powered.

Claims

Ansprüche claims
1. Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Hybridantriebs eines Fahrzeugs, mit mindestens einem Verbrennungsmotor und mindestens zwei elektrischen Maschinen, wobei der Verbrennungsmotor in mindestens einem Betriebsbereich mit homogener Verbrennung betrieben wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Hybridantrieb wahlweise im seriellen oder im parallelen Modus betrieben wird, wobei in dem Betriebsbereich bei niedriger, an den Hybridantrieb gestellten Dynamikanforderung ein Betrieb im seriellen Modus erfolgt und bei hoher Dynamikanforderung ein Betrieb im parallelen Modus erfolgt, bei dem eine über die Dynamikgrenze des Verbrennungsmotors hinausgehende Dynamikanforderung temporär durch mindestens eine der elektrischen Maschinen ausgeglichen wird.A method for operating a hybrid drive of a vehicle, comprising at least one internal combustion engine and at least two electric machines, wherein the internal combustion engine is operated in at least one operating range with homogeneous combustion, characterized in that the hybrid drive is operated in either serial or parallel mode, wherein in the operating range with low dynamic demand placed on the hybrid drive, a mode takes place in the serial mode and with high dynamic demand a parallel mode takes place in which a dynamic demand beyond the dynamic limit of the internal combustion engine is temporarily compensated by at least one of the electrical machines.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Betrieb mit zwei elektrischen Maschinen derart erfolgt, dass im seriellen Modus der Verbrennungsmotor eine der elektrischen Maschinen, die als Generator arbeitet, zum Laden eines elektrischen Speichers antreibt und die andere elektrische Maschine durch Energieentnahme aus dem elektrischen Speicher das Fahrzeug antreibt.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that an operation with two electric machines takes place such that in the serial mode, the internal combustion engine drives one of the electric machines, which operates as a generator for charging an electrical storage and the other electric machine by energy extraction the electric memory drives the vehicle.
3. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Betrieb mit mindestens zwei elektrischen Maschinen derart erfolgt, dass im parallelen Modus der Verbrennungsmotor und mindestens einer der Elektromotoren das Fahrzeug antreiben.3. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an operation with at least two electric machines takes place such that in the parallel mode, the internal combustion engine and at least one of the electric motors drive the vehicle.
4. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Verbrennungsmotor außerhalb des einen Betriebsbereichs, in einem erweiterten Betriebsbereich mit konventioneller Verbrennung betrieben wird.4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the internal combustion engine is operated outside the one operating range, in an extended operating range with conventional combustion.
5. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein leistungsverzweigter Betrieb erfolgt. 5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a power-split operation takes place.
6. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch einen Betrieb mit kontinuierlich verstellbarem Übersetzungsverhältnis.6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by an operation with continuously variable transmission ratio.
7. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Verbrennungsmotor als Dieselmotor ausgebildet ist.7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the internal combustion engine is designed as a diesel engine.
8. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Verbrennungsmotor als Ottomotor ausgebildet ist.8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the internal combustion engine is designed as a gasoline engine.
9. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Betriebsbereich ein Teillast-Betriebsbereich ist.9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the operating range is a partial load operating range.
10. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass kinetische Energie des Fahrzeugs beim Bremsen zum Aufladen des elektrischen Speichers durch mindestens eine der elektrischen Maschinen genutzt wird.10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that kinetic energy of the vehicle is used during braking for charging the electrical storage by at least one of the electrical machines.
11. Hybridantrieb zur Verwendung mit einem Verfahren nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10. 11. Hybrid drive for use with a method according to any one of claims 1 to 10.
PCT/EP2008/050542 2007-01-18 2008-01-18 Method for operating a hybrid drive of a motor vehicle WO2008087201A2 (en)

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DE102008042544A1 (en) 2008-10-01 2010-04-08 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method for operating a vehicle with a hybrid engine system and engine system and vehicle
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JP5483019B2 (en) * 2010-09-21 2014-05-07 スズキ株式会社 Output control device for internal combustion engine
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EP1083319A4 (en) * 1998-04-28 2005-12-28 Hitachi Ltd Hybrid car, and method and apparatus for driving hybrid car
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US7104349B2 (en) * 2004-01-26 2006-09-12 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The United States Environmental Protection Agency Hybrid powertrain motor vehicle with homogenous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine, and method of operation thereof

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