WO2008022865A1 - Hybrid drive for a motor vehicle, and a corresponding method - Google Patents

Hybrid drive for a motor vehicle, and a corresponding method Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008022865A1
WO2008022865A1 PCT/EP2007/057640 EP2007057640W WO2008022865A1 WO 2008022865 A1 WO2008022865 A1 WO 2008022865A1 EP 2007057640 W EP2007057640 W EP 2007057640W WO 2008022865 A1 WO2008022865 A1 WO 2008022865A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
diesel engine
hybrid drive
electric motor
designed
injection system
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2007/057640
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Marco Reuter
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Publication of WO2008022865A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008022865A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/24—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K6/485—Motor-assist type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/40—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with timing means in the recirculation passage, e.g. cyclically operating valves or regenerators; with arrangements involving pressure pulsations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/52—Systems for actuating EGR valves
    • F02M26/59—Systems for actuating EGR valves using positive pressure actuators; Check valves therefor
    • F02M26/61—Systems for actuating EGR valves using positive pressure actuators; Check valves therefor in response to exhaust pressure
    • F02M26/615—Systems for actuating EGR valves using positive pressure actuators; Check valves therefor in response to exhaust pressure the exhaust back pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/02—Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively
    • F02M63/0225—Fuel-injection apparatus having a common rail feeding several injectors ; Means for varying pressure in common rails; Pumps feeding common rails
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2300/00—Purposes or special features of road vehicle drive control systems
    • B60Y2300/47—Engine emissions
    • B60Y2300/476—Regeneration of particle filters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2400/00—Special features of vehicle units
    • B60Y2400/43—Engines
    • B60Y2400/435—Supercharger or turbochargers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/0231—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using special exhaust apparatus upstream of the filter for producing nitrogen dioxide, e.g. for continuous filter regeneration systems [CRT]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/12—Control of the pumps
    • F02B37/18—Control of the pumps by bypassing exhaust from the inlet to the outlet of turbine or to the atmosphere
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/02—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines
    • F02M26/04—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines with a single turbocharger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/04—Starting of engines by means of electric motors the motors being associated with current generators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hybrid drive of a motor vehicle, in particular a passenger car with a diesel engine having an injection system and at least one electric motor. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for operating a hybrid drive of a motor vehicle.
  • a hybrid drive which has a diesel engine and at least one electric motor.
  • the diesel engine is preferably operated in a low-consumption and / or low-emission operating range.
  • the vehicle may be driven either by the diesel engine or by the electric motor or by using the torques of both motors.
  • the motor vehicle is preferably equipped with an electrical storage that is charged in certain driving situations and supplies the electric motor with electrical energy in other driving situations.
  • the diesel engine works at high loads with high efficiency.
  • the fuel consumption is relatively low in steady state or quasi-stationary operation, while in this mode of operation at the same time the lowest possible emission is sought.
  • the electric motor the torque at low speeds, such as when starting, significantly increased. Since the hybrid drive with diesel engine and electric motor is a combination of two costly techniques, that should Hybrid concept includes measures that further reduce fuel consumption and pollutant emissions without significantly increasing the high initial cost of the hybrid drive.
  • the hybrid drive according to the invention has an injection system which is designed as an injection-pressure-limited injection system with an injection pressure below a pressure limit of 140 megapascals (140 MPa).
  • the injection-pressure-limited injection system can be, for example, a pump-nozzle, a pump-line-nozzle or a common-rail system.
  • By reducing the injection pressure to a value below the pressure limit of 140 MPa (1400 bar) results in a smaller pressure load of the components of the injection-pressure limited injection system compared to an injection system, which is designed for a higher injection pressure.
  • the operation of the diesel engine in stationary or quasi-stationary operation in an operating range of high loads results in spite of the limitation of the injection pressure low fuel consumption at relatively low pollutant emission.
  • the cost of the hybrid drive when using a injection pressure limited injection system can be significantly reduced. By braking by means of an electric machine designed as a generator (recuperation), a further energy saving can be achieved.
  • the hybrid drive is designed as a parallel hybrid drive.
  • the diesel engine and at least one electric motor acts at least temporarily in each case with a torque on the drive wheels of the vehicle.
  • the aim is to operate the diesel engine in an optimal operating point (with low fuel consumption and lowest pollutant emissions) and the electric motor in the for to use these favorable operating situations.
  • two hybrid concepts can be distinguished: the mild hybrid and the full hybrid.
  • mild hybrid the electric motor is used only to support the diesel engine.
  • both prime movers diesel engine and electric motor
  • the diesel engine is supported by the electric motor, especially in the low speed range, such as when starting. This happens, for example, in the known start-stop function for city traffic.
  • the full hybrid the motor vehicle is driven in the low-load range exclusively or almost exclusively with the electric motor and at high loads exclusively or almost exclusively with the diesel engine.
  • a diesel engine associated with the charging system is provided with at least one supercharger, in particular an exhaust gas turbocharger.
  • Chargers of this kind are known for diesel engines and other internal combustion engines. By compressing the air required for combustion of the fuel, they increase the air flow rate of the internal combustion engine (here diesel engine) and enable a higher power density.
  • loaders are known as mechanical superchargers, turbochargers and pressure wave superchargers.
  • the loader is designed as a waste-gate turbocharger.
  • a turbocharger with a simple and inexpensive waste gate boost pressure control is known.
  • Exhaust gas recirculation system provided with at least one, in particular designed as a flutter valve exhaust gas recirculation valve.
  • Such an exhaust gas recirculation system is used to reduce the nitrogen emissions in the exhaust gases. By adding already burned exhaust gas to the fresh air, the combustion Peak temperature lowered.
  • a defined partial flow is taken from the exhaust gas of the diesel engine and fed to the fresh air flow via the exhaust gas recirculation valve.
  • the control of the exhaust gas recirculation is done, for example, by pneumatic or mechanical systems, which depend on speed,
  • Intake manifold pressure and engine temperature metered the return amount. If the exhaust gas recirculation valve is designed as a flutter valve, then this is a simple flap device for regulating the partial flow taken from the exhaust gas.
  • the electric motor associated capacitor is provided as an electrical memory.
  • the electric motor may be associated with a capacitor as an electrical memory, which provides a high electrical current density in the short term, and thus enables a short-term peak torque of the electric motor.
  • a peak torque is particularly desirable in a boost function.
  • the boost function of the hybrid drive makes it possible in particular to compensate for a torque drop in turbochargers in the event of a torque request (turbo-hole).
  • a generator associated with the diesel engine is designed as a starter generator for starting the diesel engine.
  • a starter generator which serves as a starter and generator, eliminating one of the otherwise usual components of an alternator or a starter.
  • an exhaust device associated with the diesel engine is provided with at least one self-regenerating particulate filter.
  • the self-regenerating particulate filter is, for example, a CRT (Continuously Regenerating-Trap) particulate filter or other self-regenerating particulate filter that does not require additional engine measures to clean it.
  • the invention further relates to a method for operating a hybrid drive of a motor vehicle, in particular of a hybrid drive mentioned above, with at least one diesel engine having an injection system and at least one electric motor. It is envisaged that the injection system is designed as einspritzbuchbe interpersonal.es injection system that injects fuel at an injection pressure below a pressure limit of 140 megapascals. The limitations of the injection pressure result in significantly lower loads on the single-injection-limited injection system.
  • the hybrid drive is preferably operated in parallel mode.
  • the diesel engine and at least one electric motor each act with a torque on the drive wheels of the vehicle.
  • the aim is to operate the diesel engine as possible at high load in a stationary or quasi-stationary operation.
  • the drive can be supplemented by means of diesel engine by the drive by means of electric motor (mild hybrid) or each of the two forms of drive (drive by means of diesel engine or
  • Electric motor be equal (full hybrid).
  • the electric motor with additional torque requirement is switched to support the diesel engine.
  • This addition of the torque of the diesel engine by the torque of the electric motor is known as a boost function and particularly effective in the lower speed range.
  • the diesel engine is charged by a supercharger, in particular a supercharger designed as a wastegate turbocharger. During charging, the air flow rate of the air required for combustion of the fuel is increased by compression, so that a higher power density of the diesel engine is achieved.
  • a simple form of loader pressure control is realized in the known wastegate boost pressure control.
  • Diesel engine already burnt exhaust gas admixed. This leads to the lowering of the combustion peak temperature. This is an effective way to reduce nitrogen emissions.
  • a defined partial flow is taken from the exhaust gas of the engine and via a controlled valve - the
  • the flutter valve is a flap device for air regulation.
  • the figure shows a hybrid drive according to the invention of a motor vehicle.
  • the figure shows a hybrid drive 1 of a motor vehicle not shown in detail, designed as a passenger car.
  • the hybrid drive has a diesel engine 2 and an electric motor 3 on.
  • the diesel engine 2 is assigned an injection-pressure-limited injection system 4.
  • the diesel engine 2 is supplied with diesel fuel from a tank 5 via the injection-pressure-limited injection system 4.
  • a supercharger 7 designed as a wastegate turbocharger 6 supplies the diesel engine 2 with air.
  • the structure of the formed as a waste-gate turbocharger 6 turbocharger with turbine, compressor and common shaft, and the fluidic total wiring with the diesel engine 2 is not shown here. Part of the exhaust gases of the diesel engine 2 is added to the fresh air (arrow 9) via an exhaust gas recirculation system 8.
  • the exhaust gas recirculation system 8 has an exhaust gas recirculation valve 11 designed as a flutter valve 10.
  • the remaining exhaust gas passes in an exhaust device 12 with a self-regenerating particulate filter 13.
  • the self-regenerating particulate filter 10 is to be understood as a CRT particulate filter (continuous regenerating trap).
  • the exhaust device has further, not shown components, such as lines and an end pot.
  • the diesel engine 2 and the electric motor 3 are connected via a
  • Planetary gear 14 coupled together. Further, a generator 15 is connected to the planetary gear 14, which also belongs to the hybrid drive 1 and is electrically connected to a power electronics unit 16. The electric motor 3 is also electrically connected to said power electronics unit 16
  • the arrangement shows a hybrid drive 1 designed as a parallel hybrid drive 21.
  • the exhaust gas recirculation system 8 is characterized by a simple control, in particular no lambda probe, no Air mass measurement by means of hot-film air mass measurement (HFM), no infinitely adjustable exhaust gas recirculation valve and no additional controlled cooling has.
  • HFM hot-film air mass measurement
  • a self-regenerating particulate filter 13 which requires no additional engine measures to clean it.
  • a PM catalyst is provided in particular.
  • the hybrid drive 1 shown here is coordinated, for example, by at least one control / regulating device, not shown, and operated as a mild hybrid or as a full hybrid.
  • the electric motor 3 may also be assigned at least one capacitor, not shown, which applies a sufficiently high current flow for generating a starting torque by the electric motor 3.
  • a turbocharger for example, waste-gate turbocharger 6
  • typical, short-term lack of torque turbine lag
  • the electric motor can assist the internal combustion engine during acceleration processes.
  • the generator 15 can be used during braking of the motor vehicle for energy recovery (recuperation) and charges the electrical storage 18 (battery 17 and / or capacitor).
  • the illustrated arrangement also makes it possible to shift the load state of the diesel engine 2 by connecting the electric motor 3 in a range of high efficiency.
  • the hybrid drive 1 is operated exclusively by means of an electric motor 3 in the low-load range, as long as the state of charge of the electrical accumulator 18 permits it.
  • the electric motor 3 can be integrated directly into the drive train of the diesel engine 2.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a hybrid drive for a motor vehicle, in particular a passenger vehicle, having a diesel engine with an injection system, and having at least one electric motor. The invention provides for the injection system to be in the form of an injection system (4) with a limited injection pressure, and with an injection pressure below a pressure limit of 140 Megapascals. The invention also relates to a corresponding method.

Description

Titel title
Hybridantrieb eines Kraftfahrzeugs und entsprechendes VerfahrenHybrid drive of a motor vehicle and corresponding method
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Hybridantrieb eines Kraftfahrzeugs, insbesondere eines Personenkraftwagens mit einem ein Einspritzsystem aufweisenden Dieselmotor und mindestens einem Elektromotor. Weiterhin betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Hybridantriebs eines Kraftfahrzeugs.The invention relates to a hybrid drive of a motor vehicle, in particular a passenger car with a diesel engine having an injection system and at least one electric motor. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for operating a hybrid drive of a motor vehicle.
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Es ist bekannt, Kraftfahrzeuge mit einem Hybridantrieb anzutreiben, der einen Dieselmotor und mindestens einen Elektromotor aufweist. Der Dieselmotor wird bevorzugt in einem möglichst verbrauchsarmer und/oder schadstoffemissionsarmen Betriebsbereich betrieben. Je nach Konstruktion des Hybridantriebs und weiterer Fahrzeugkomponenten des Kraftfahrzeugs kann das Fahrzeug entweder mittels des Dieselmotors oder mittels des Elektromotors oder unter Verwendung der Drehmomente beider Motoren angetrieben werden. Das Kraftfahrzeug ist vorzugsweise mit einem elektrischen Speicher ausgerüstet, der in bestimmten Fahrsituationen aufgeladen wird und den Elektromotor in anderen Fahrsituationen mit elektrischer Energie versorgt. Der Dieselmotor arbeitet bei hohen Lasten mit hohem Wirkungsgrad. Der Kraftstoffverbrauch ist im stationären oder quasistationären Betrieb relativ gering, wobei in diesem Betriebsmodus gleichzeitig eine möglichst niedrige Emission angestrebt wird. Durch den Einsatz des Elektromotors wird das Drehmoment bei geringen Drehzahlen, wie zum Beispiel beim Anfahren, deutlich erhöht. Da es sich bei dem Hybridantrieb mit Dieselmotor und Elektromotor um eine Kombination zweier kostenintensiver Techniken handelt, sollte das Hybridkonzept solche Maßnahmen umfassen, die den Kraftstoffverbrauch und die Schadstoffemissionen weiter senken, ohne die hohen Anschaffungskosten des Hybridantriebs deutlich weiter zu erhöhen.It is known to drive motor vehicles with a hybrid drive, which has a diesel engine and at least one electric motor. The diesel engine is preferably operated in a low-consumption and / or low-emission operating range. Depending on the design of the hybrid drive and other vehicle components of the motor vehicle, the vehicle may be driven either by the diesel engine or by the electric motor or by using the torques of both motors. The motor vehicle is preferably equipped with an electrical storage that is charged in certain driving situations and supplies the electric motor with electrical energy in other driving situations. The diesel engine works at high loads with high efficiency. The fuel consumption is relatively low in steady state or quasi-stationary operation, while in this mode of operation at the same time the lowest possible emission is sought. By using the electric motor, the torque at low speeds, such as when starting, significantly increased. Since the hybrid drive with diesel engine and electric motor is a combination of two costly techniques, that should Hybrid concept includes measures that further reduce fuel consumption and pollutant emissions without significantly increasing the high initial cost of the hybrid drive.
Offenbarung der ErfindungDisclosure of the invention
Der erfindungsgemäße Hybridantrieb weist ein Einspritzsystem auf, das als einspritzdruckbegrenzt.es Einspritzsystem mit einem unterhalb einer Druckgrenze von 140 Megapascal (140 MPa) liegenden Einspritzdruck ausgebildet ist. Das einspritzdruckbegrenzte Einspritzsystem kann dabei zum Beispiel ein Pumpe-Düse-, ein Pumpe-Leitung-Düse- oder ein Common-Rail- System sein. Durch die Reduzierung des Einspritzdrucks auf einen Wert unterhalb der Druckgrenze von 140 MPa (1400 bar) ergibt sich eine kleinere Druckbelastung der Komponenten des einspritzdruckbegrenzten Einspritzsystems gegenüber einem Einspritzsystem, das für einen höheren Einspritzdruck ausgelegt ist. Durch den Betrieb des Dieselmotors im stationären oder quasistationären Betrieb in einem Betriebsbereich hoher Lasten ergibt sich trotz der Begrenzung des Einspritzdrucks ein geringer Kraftstoffverbrauch bei relativ niedriger Schadstoffemission. Weiterhin können die Kosten für den Hybridantrieb bei Verwendung eines einspritzdruckbegrenzten Einspritzsystems deutlich reduziert werden. Durch Bremsen mittels einer als Generator ausgebildeten elektrischen Maschine (Rekuperation) lässt sich eine weitere Energieeinsparung erreichen.The hybrid drive according to the invention has an injection system which is designed as an injection-pressure-limited injection system with an injection pressure below a pressure limit of 140 megapascals (140 MPa). The injection-pressure-limited injection system can be, for example, a pump-nozzle, a pump-line-nozzle or a common-rail system. By reducing the injection pressure to a value below the pressure limit of 140 MPa (1400 bar) results in a smaller pressure load of the components of the injection-pressure limited injection system compared to an injection system, which is designed for a higher injection pressure. The operation of the diesel engine in stationary or quasi-stationary operation in an operating range of high loads results in spite of the limitation of the injection pressure low fuel consumption at relatively low pollutant emission. Furthermore, the cost of the hybrid drive when using a injection pressure limited injection system can be significantly reduced. By braking by means of an electric machine designed as a generator (recuperation), a further energy saving can be achieved.
Weiterhin ist vorgesehen, dass der Hybridantrieb als ein Parallelhybridantrieb ausgebildet ist. In einem solchen Falle wirkt der Dieselmotor und mindestens ein Elektromotor zumindest temporär jeweils mit einem Drehmoment auf die Antriebsräder des Fahrzeugs. Dabei ist es angestrebt, den Dieselmotor in einen optimalen Betriebspunkt (mit niedrigem Kraftstoffverbrauch und geringsten Schadstoffemissionen) zu betreiben und den Elektromotor in den für diesen günstigen Betriebssituationen zu nutzen. Grundsätzlich sind zwei Hybridkonzepte zu unterscheiden: Der Mild-Hybrid und der Vollhybrid. Beim Mild-Hybrid dient der Elektromotor nur zur Unterstützung des Dieselmotors. Beim Vollhybrid werden beide Antriebsmaschinen (Dieselmotor und Elektromotor) gleichwertig und vorzugsweise in den für sie günstigen Betriebssituationen zum Antrieb des Kraftfahrzeugs verwendet. Beim Mild-Hybrid wird der Dieselmotor insbesondere im niedrigen Drehzahlbereich, wie zum Beispiel beim Anfahren, durch den Elektromotor unterstützt. Dies geschieht zum Beispiel bei der bekannten Start-Stopp-Funktion für den Stadtverkehr. Beim Vollhybrid wird das Kraftfahrzeug im Niedriglastbereich ausschließlich oder fast ausschließlich mit dem Elektromotor angetrieben und bei hohen Lasten ausschließlich oder fast ausschließlich mit dem Dieselmotor.Furthermore, it is provided that the hybrid drive is designed as a parallel hybrid drive. In such a case, the diesel engine and at least one electric motor acts at least temporarily in each case with a torque on the drive wheels of the vehicle. The aim is to operate the diesel engine in an optimal operating point (with low fuel consumption and lowest pollutant emissions) and the electric motor in the for to use these favorable operating situations. Basically, two hybrid concepts can be distinguished: the mild hybrid and the full hybrid. In mild hybrid, the electric motor is used only to support the diesel engine. In the full hybrid, both prime movers (diesel engine and electric motor) are used equally and preferably in the operating conditions favorable to them for driving the motor vehicle. In the mild hybrid, the diesel engine is supported by the electric motor, especially in the low speed range, such as when starting. This happens, for example, in the known start-stop function for city traffic. In the full hybrid, the motor vehicle is driven in the low-load range exclusively or almost exclusively with the electric motor and at high loads exclusively or almost exclusively with the diesel engine.
Nach einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist ein dem Dieselmotor zugeordnetes Ladesystem mit mindestens einem Lader, insbesondere einem Abgasturbolader, vorgesehen. Derartige Lader (Aufladegeräte) sind für Dieselmotoren und andere Verbrennungsmotoren bekannt. Sie erhöhen durch Verdichtung der zur Verbrennung des Kraftstoffs benötigten Luft den Luftdurchsatz des Verbrennungsmotors (hier Dieselmotor) und ermöglichen eine höhere Leistungsdichte. Derartige Lader sind als mechanische Lader, Abgasturbolader und Druckwellenlader bekannt.According to a development of the invention, a diesel engine associated with the charging system is provided with at least one supercharger, in particular an exhaust gas turbocharger. Chargers of this kind are known for diesel engines and other internal combustion engines. By compressing the air required for combustion of the fuel, they increase the air flow rate of the internal combustion engine (here diesel engine) and enable a higher power density. Such loaders are known as mechanical superchargers, turbochargers and pressure wave superchargers.
Weiterhin ist vorgesehen, dass der Lader als Waste-Gate-Turbolader ausgebildet ist. Ein Turbolader mit einer einfachen und preisgünstigen Waste-Gate-Ladedruckregelung ist bekannt.Furthermore, it is provided that the loader is designed as a waste-gate turbocharger. A turbocharger with a simple and inexpensive waste gate boost pressure control is known.
Mit Vorteil ist ein dem Dieselmotor zugeordnetesAdvantageously, an associated with the diesel engine
Abgasrückführsystem mit mindestens einem, insbesondere als Flatterventil ausgebildeten Abgasrückführungsventil vorgesehen. Ein derartiges Abgasrückführsystem wird zur Absenkung der Stickstoffemissionen in den Abgasen genutzt. Durch Zumischen von bereits verbrannten Abgas zur Frischluft wird die Verbrennungs- Spitzentemperatur gesenkt. Dazu wird dem Abgas des Dieselmotors ein definierter Teilstrom entnommen und dem Frischluftstrom über das Abgasrückführungsventil zugeführt. Die Steuerung der Abgasrückführung geschieht zum Beispiel durch pneumatische oder mechanische Systeme, die in Abhängigkeit von Drehzahl,Exhaust gas recirculation system provided with at least one, in particular designed as a flutter valve exhaust gas recirculation valve. Such an exhaust gas recirculation system is used to reduce the nitrogen emissions in the exhaust gases. By adding already burned exhaust gas to the fresh air, the combustion Peak temperature lowered. For this purpose, a defined partial flow is taken from the exhaust gas of the diesel engine and fed to the fresh air flow via the exhaust gas recirculation valve. The control of the exhaust gas recirculation is done, for example, by pneumatic or mechanical systems, which depend on speed,
Saugrohrdruck und Motortemperatur die Rückführmenge dosiert. Ist das Abgasrückführungsventil als Flatterventil ausgebildet, so handelt es sich dabei um eine einfache Klappenvorrichtung zur Regulierung des aus dem Abgas entnommenen Teilstroms.Intake manifold pressure and engine temperature metered the return amount. If the exhaust gas recirculation valve is designed as a flutter valve, then this is a simple flap device for regulating the partial flow taken from the exhaust gas.
Nach einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist mindestens ein, dem Elektromotor zugeordneter Kondensator als elektrischer Speicher vorgesehen. Neben einem als Batterie oder Akkumulator ausgebildeter elektrischer Speicher kann dem Elektromotor ein Kondensator als elektrischer Speicher zugeordnet sein, der kurzfristig eine hohe elektrische Stromdichte bereitstellt, und damit ein kurzfristiges Spitzen-Drehmoment des Elektromotors ermöglicht. Ein solches Spitzen-Drehmoment ist insbesondere bei einer Boost- Funktion erwünscht. Durch die Boost-Funktion des Hybridantriebs kann insbesondere ein Drehmoment-Einbruch bei Turboladern bei einer Drehmomentanforderung (Turbo-Loch) kompensiert werden.According to a development of the invention, at least one, the electric motor associated capacitor is provided as an electrical memory. In addition to a designed as a battery or accumulator electrical storage, the electric motor may be associated with a capacitor as an electrical memory, which provides a high electrical current density in the short term, and thus enables a short-term peak torque of the electric motor. Such a peak torque is particularly desirable in a boost function. The boost function of the hybrid drive makes it possible in particular to compensate for a torque drop in turbochargers in the event of a torque request (turbo-hole).
Weiterhin ist vorgesehen, dass ein dem Dieselmotor zugeordneter Generator als Startergenerator zum Starten des Dieselmotors ausgebildet ist. Durch einen Startergenerator, der als Starter und als Generator dient, entfällt eines der sonst üblichen Bauteile einer Lichtmaschine oder eines Anlassers.Furthermore, it is provided that a generator associated with the diesel engine is designed as a starter generator for starting the diesel engine. By a starter generator, which serves as a starter and generator, eliminating one of the otherwise usual components of an alternator or a starter.
Ferner ist eine dem Dieselmotor zugeordnete Abgaseinrichtung mit mindestens einem selbstregenerierenden Partikelfilter vorgesehen. Der selbstregenerierende Partikelfilter ist zum Beispiel ein CRT- Partikelfilter (Continuously-Regenerating-Trap) oder ein anderer selbstregenerierender Partikelfilter, der keine zusätzlichen motorischen Maßnahmen zu seiner Reinigung verlangt. Die Erfindung betrifft weiterhin ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Hybridantriebs eines Kraftfahrzeugs, insbesondere eines vorstehend erwähnten Hybridantriebs, mit mindestens einem ein Einspritzsystem aufweisenden Dieselmotor und mindestens einem Elektromotor. Es ist vorgesehen, dass das Einspritzsystem als einspritzdruckbegrenzt.es Einspritzsystem ausgebildet ist, das Kraftstoff mit einem Einspritzdruck unterhalb einer Druckgrenze von 140 Megapascal einspritzt. Durch die Begrenzungen des Einspritzdrucks ergeben sich deutlich geringere Belastungen des einsphtzdruckbegrenzten Einspritzsystems. Dadurch kann dieses günstiger hergestellt werden. Obwohl auch ein serieller Betrieb des Dieselmotors und des Elektromotors möglich ist, wird der Hybridantrieb vorzugsweise in parallelen Modus betrieben. In einem solchen Falle wirkt der Dieselmotor und mindestens ein Elektromotor jeweils mit einem Drehmoment auf die Antriebsräder des Fahrzeugs. Dabei ist angestrebt, den Dieselmotor möglichst bei hoher Last in einem stationären oder einem quasistationären Betrieb zu betreiben. Dazu kann der Antrieb mittels Dieselmotor durch den Antrieb mittels Elektromotor ergänzt werden (Mild-Hybrid) oder jede der beiden Antriebsformen (Antrieb mittels Dieselmotor beziehungsweiseFurthermore, an exhaust device associated with the diesel engine is provided with at least one self-regenerating particulate filter. The self-regenerating particulate filter is, for example, a CRT (Continuously Regenerating-Trap) particulate filter or other self-regenerating particulate filter that does not require additional engine measures to clean it. The invention further relates to a method for operating a hybrid drive of a motor vehicle, in particular of a hybrid drive mentioned above, with at least one diesel engine having an injection system and at least one electric motor. It is envisaged that the injection system is designed as einspritzdruckbegrenzt.es injection system that injects fuel at an injection pressure below a pressure limit of 140 megapascals. The limitations of the injection pressure result in significantly lower loads on the single-injection-limited injection system. This can be made cheaper. Although a serial operation of the diesel engine and the electric motor is possible, the hybrid drive is preferably operated in parallel mode. In such a case, the diesel engine and at least one electric motor each act with a torque on the drive wheels of the vehicle. The aim is to operate the diesel engine as possible at high load in a stationary or quasi-stationary operation. For this purpose, the drive can be supplemented by means of diesel engine by the drive by means of electric motor (mild hybrid) or each of the two forms of drive (drive by means of diesel engine or
Elektromotor) gleichwertig sein (Vollhybrid). Durch die Kombination eines Dieselbetriebs bei hohen Lasten mit der Einspritzdruckbegrenzung kann erreicht werden, dass auch mit einem robusten und preisgünstigen Dieselmotor ein geringerer Kraftstoffverbrauch bei möglichst niedriger Schadstoffemission erreicht wird.Electric motor) be equal (full hybrid). By combining a diesel operation at high loads with the injection pressure limitation can be achieved that even with a robust and inexpensive diesel engine lower fuel consumption is achieved with the lowest possible pollutant emission.
Weiterhin ist vorgesehen, dass der Elektromotor bei zusätzlichem Drehmomentbedarf, insbesondere bei temporärem Drehmomentbedarf, zu dem Dieselmotor unterstützend zugeschaltet wird. Diese Ergänzung des Drehmomentes des Dieselmotors durch das Drehmoment des Elektromotors ist als Boost-Funktion bekannt und im unteren Drehzahlbereich besonders effektiv. Mit Vorteil ist vorgesehen, dass der Dieselmotor durch einen Lader, insbesondere einen als Waste-Gate-Turbolader ausgebildeten Lader aufgeladen wird. Beim Aufladen wird der Luftdurchsatz der zur Verbrennung des Kraftstoffes benötigten Luft durch Verdichtung erhöht, sodass eine höhere Leistungsdichte des Dieselmotors erreicht wird. Eine einfache Form der Laderdruckregelung ist bei der bekannten Waste-Gate-Ladedruckregelung realisiert.Furthermore, it is provided that the electric motor with additional torque requirement, in particular with temporary torque requirement, is switched to support the diesel engine. This addition of the torque of the diesel engine by the torque of the electric motor is known as a boost function and particularly effective in the lower speed range. It is advantageously provided that the diesel engine is charged by a supercharger, in particular a supercharger designed as a wastegate turbocharger. During charging, the air flow rate of the air required for combustion of the fuel is increased by compression, so that a higher power density of the diesel engine is achieved. A simple form of loader pressure control is realized in the known wastegate boost pressure control.
Schließlich ist vorgesehen, dass ein Teil der Abgase des Dieselmotors rückgeführt wird. Dabei wird der Frischluft desFinally, it is provided that a part of the exhaust gases of the diesel engine is recycled. It is the fresh air of the
Dieselmotors bereits verbranntes Abgas zugemischt. Dies führt zur Absenkung der Verbrennungs-Spitzentemperatur. Dies ist ein wirkungsvolles Mittel zur Absenkung der Stickstoffemissionen. Zur Abgasrückführung wird dem Abgas des Motors ein definierter Teilstrom entnommen und über ein gesteuertes Ventil - dasDiesel engine already burnt exhaust gas admixed. This leads to the lowering of the combustion peak temperature. This is an effective way to reduce nitrogen emissions. For exhaust gas recirculation, a defined partial flow is taken from the exhaust gas of the engine and via a controlled valve - the
Abgasrückführungsventil - der Frischluft zugeführt. Die Steuerung der Abgasrückführung geschieht zum Beispiel in Abhängigkeit von der Drehzahl, dem Saugrohrdruck und der Motortemperatur. Ein besonders einfach ausgeführtes Abgasrückführungsventil ist das Flatterventil. Bei dem Flatterventil handelt es sich um eine Klappenvorrichtung zur Luftregulierung.Exhaust gas recirculation valve - supplied to the fresh air. The control of the exhaust gas recirculation happens, for example, depending on the speed, the intake manifold pressure and the engine temperature. A particularly simple exhaust gas recirculation valve is the flutter valve. The flutter valve is a flap device for air regulation.
Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungShort description of the drawing
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend in einem Ausführungsbeispiel anhand der zugehörigen Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigt:The invention will be explained in more detail in an embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings. It shows:
Die Figur einen erfindungsgemäßen Hybridantrieb eines Kraftfahrzeugs.The figure shows a hybrid drive according to the invention of a motor vehicle.
Ausführungsform(en) der ErfindungEmbodiment (s) of the invention
Die Figur zeigt einen Hybridantrieb 1 eines nicht näher dargestellten, als Personenkraftwagen ausgebildeten Kraftfahrzeugs. Der Hybridantrieb weist einen Dieselmotor 2 sowie einen Elektromotor 3 auf. Dem Dieselmotor 2 ist ein einspritzdruckbegrenztes Einspritzsystem 4 zugeordnet. Der Dieselmotor 2 wird über das einspritzdruckbegrenzte Einspritzsystem 4 mit Dieselkraftstoff aus einem Tank 5 versorgt. Ein als Waste-Gate-Turbolader 6 ausgebildetere Lader 7 versorgt den Dieselmotor 2 mit Luft. Der Aufbau des als Waste-Gate-Turbolader 6 ausgebildeten Abgasturboladers mit Turbine, Verdichter und gemeinsamer Welle, sowie die strömungstechnische Gesamtverschaltung mit dem Dieselmotor 2 ist hier nicht dargestellt. Ein Teil der Abgase des Dieselmotors 2 wird über ein Abgasrückführsystem 8 der Frischluft (Pfeil 9) zugemischt. Zur Regulierung weist das Abgasrückführsystem 8 ein als Flatterventil 10 ausgebildetes Abgasrückführungsventil 11 auf. Das restliche Abgas gelangt in einer Abgaseinrichtung 12 mit einem selbstregenerierenden Partikelfilter 13. Unter dem selbstregenerierenden Partikelfilter 10 ist ein CRT- Partikelfilter zu verstehen (Continuously-Regenerating-Trap). Die Abgaseinrichtung weist weitere, nicht dargestellte Komponenten, wie Leitungen und einen Endtopf auf.The figure shows a hybrid drive 1 of a motor vehicle not shown in detail, designed as a passenger car. The hybrid drive has a diesel engine 2 and an electric motor 3 on. The diesel engine 2 is assigned an injection-pressure-limited injection system 4. The diesel engine 2 is supplied with diesel fuel from a tank 5 via the injection-pressure-limited injection system 4. A supercharger 7 designed as a wastegate turbocharger 6 supplies the diesel engine 2 with air. The structure of the formed as a waste-gate turbocharger 6 turbocharger with turbine, compressor and common shaft, and the fluidic total wiring with the diesel engine 2 is not shown here. Part of the exhaust gases of the diesel engine 2 is added to the fresh air (arrow 9) via an exhaust gas recirculation system 8. For regulation, the exhaust gas recirculation system 8 has an exhaust gas recirculation valve 11 designed as a flutter valve 10. The remaining exhaust gas passes in an exhaust device 12 with a self-regenerating particulate filter 13. The self-regenerating particulate filter 10 is to be understood as a CRT particulate filter (continuous regenerating trap). The exhaust device has further, not shown components, such as lines and an end pot.
Der Dieselmotor 2 und der Elektromotor 3 sind über einThe diesel engine 2 and the electric motor 3 are connected via a
Planetengetriebe 14 miteinander kuppelbar. Ferner ist mit dem Planetengetriebe 14 ein Generator 15 verbunden, der ebenfalls zum Hybridantrieb 1 gehört und an einer Leistungselektronik-Einheit 16 elektrisch angeschlossen ist. Der Elektromotor 3 steht ebenfalls mit der genannten Leistungselektronik-Einheit 16 elektrisch inPlanetary gear 14 coupled together. Further, a generator 15 is connected to the planetary gear 14, which also belongs to the hybrid drive 1 and is electrically connected to a power electronics unit 16. The electric motor 3 is also electrically connected to said power electronics unit 16
Verbindung. Ein als Batterie 17 (wiederaufladbarer Akkumulator) ausgebildeter elektrischer Speicher 18 ist an die Leistungselektronik- Einheit 16 angeschlossen. Die Abtriebswelle des Elektromotors 3 steht mit einem Differenzial 19 in Verbindung, das zu den Antriebsrädern 20 des Personenkraftwagens führt. Der Einfachheit halber ist nur ein Antriebsrad 20 dargestellt. Die Anordnung zeigt einen als Parallelhybridantrieb 21 ausgebildeten Hybridantrieb 1.Connection. As a battery 17 (rechargeable battery) trained electrical memory 18 is connected to the power electronics unit 16. The output shaft of the electric motor 3 is connected to a differential 19, which leads to the drive wheels 20 of the passenger car. For the sake of simplicity, only one drive wheel 20 is shown. The arrangement shows a hybrid drive 1 designed as a parallel hybrid drive 21.
Das Abgasrückführsystem 8 ist durch eine einfache Regelung gekennzeichnet, die insbesondere keine Lambda-Sonde, keine Luftmassenmessung mittels Heißfilm-Luftmassenmessung (HFM), kein stufenlos verstellbares Abgasrückführungsventil und keine zusätzlich geregelte Kühlung aufweist. Zur Minderung der Rußemissionen wird ein selbstregenerierender Partikelfilter 13 verwand, der keine zusätzlichen motorischen Maßnahmen zu seiner Reinigung verlangt. Alternativ zur Verwendung eines selbstregenerierenden Partikelfilters 13 ist insbesondere ein PM- Katalysator vorgesehen. Der hier dargestellte Hybridantrieb 1 wird zum Beispiel von mindestens einer nicht dargestellten Steuer- /Regeleinrichtung koordiniert und als Mild-Hybrid oder als Vollhybrid betrieben. Zusätzlich zu dem als Batterie 17 ausgebildeten elektrischen Speicher 18 kann dem Elektromotor 3 auch mindestens ein nicht dargestellter Kondensator zugeordnet sein, der einen hinreichend hohen Stromfluss zur Erzeugung eines Anfahrmomentes durch den Elektromotor 3 aufbringt. Durch eine solche Anordnung kann insbesondere das für einen Abgasturbolader (zum Beispiel Waste-Gate-Turbolader 6) typische, kurzfristige Ausbleiben eines Drehmoments (Turboloch) kompensiert werden. Weiterhin kann der Elektromotor den Verbrennungsmotor bei Beschleunigungsvorgängen unterstützen. Der Generator 15 kann beim Bremsen des Kraftfahrzeugs zur Energierückgewinnung (Rekuperation) genutzt werden und lädt den elektrischen Speicher 18 (Batterie 17 und/oder Kondensator) auf. Die dargestellte Anordnung ermöglicht es weiterhin, den Lastzustand des Dieselmotors 2 durch Zuschalten des Elektromotors 3 in einem Bereich eines hohen Wirkungsgrades zu verschieben. Wird der Hybridantrieb 1 als Vollhybrid genutzt, wird der Hybridantrieb 1 im Niedriglastbereich - soweit es der Ladezustand des elektrischen Speichers 18 zulässt - ausschließlich mittels Elektromotor 3 betrieben. Alternativ zur Verwendung eines Planetengetriebes 14 kann der Elektromotor 3 direkt in den Antriebsstrang des Dieselmotors 2 integriert werden. The exhaust gas recirculation system 8 is characterized by a simple control, in particular no lambda probe, no Air mass measurement by means of hot-film air mass measurement (HFM), no infinitely adjustable exhaust gas recirculation valve and no additional controlled cooling has. To reduce soot emissions is a self-regenerating particulate filter 13, which requires no additional engine measures to clean it. Alternatively to the use of a self-regenerating particulate filter 13, a PM catalyst is provided in particular. The hybrid drive 1 shown here is coordinated, for example, by at least one control / regulating device, not shown, and operated as a mild hybrid or as a full hybrid. In addition to the electric storage 18 embodied as a battery 17, the electric motor 3 may also be assigned at least one capacitor, not shown, which applies a sufficiently high current flow for generating a starting torque by the electric motor 3. By such an arrangement, in particular for a turbocharger (for example, waste-gate turbocharger 6) typical, short-term lack of torque (turbo lag) can be compensated. Furthermore, the electric motor can assist the internal combustion engine during acceleration processes. The generator 15 can be used during braking of the motor vehicle for energy recovery (recuperation) and charges the electrical storage 18 (battery 17 and / or capacitor). The illustrated arrangement also makes it possible to shift the load state of the diesel engine 2 by connecting the electric motor 3 in a range of high efficiency. If the hybrid drive 1 is used as a full hybrid, the hybrid drive 1 is operated exclusively by means of an electric motor 3 in the low-load range, as long as the state of charge of the electrical accumulator 18 permits it. Alternatively to the use of a planetary gear 14, the electric motor 3 can be integrated directly into the drive train of the diesel engine 2.

Claims

Ansprüche claims
1. Hybridantrieb eines Kraftfahrzeugs, insbesondere eines Personenkraftwagens, mit einem ein Einspritzsystem aufweisenden Dieselmotor und mindestens einem1. hybrid drive of a motor vehicle, in particular a passenger car, with an injection system having a diesel engine and at least one
Elektromotor, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Einspritzsystem als einspritzdruckbegrenzt.es Einspritzsystem (4) mit einem unterhalb einer Druckgrenze von 140 Megapascal liegenden Einspritzdruck ausgebildet ist.Electric motor, characterized in that the injection system is designed as einspritzdruckbegrenzt.es injection system (4) with a lying below a pressure limit of 140 megapascal injection pressure.
2. Hybridantrieb nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Hybridantrieb (1 ) als ein Parallelhybridantrieb (21 ) ausgebildet ist.2. hybrid drive according to claim 1, characterized in that the hybrid drive (1) is designed as a parallel hybrid drive (21).
3. Hybridantrieb nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch ein dem Dieselmotor (2) zugeordnetes Ladesystem mit mindestens einem Lader (7), insbesondere einem Abgasturbolader.3. Hybrid drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a diesel engine (2) associated charging system with at least one loader (7), in particular an exhaust gas turbocharger.
4. Hybridantrieb nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Lader (7) als Waste- Gate-Turbolader (6) ausgebildet ist.4. Hybrid drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the loader (7) is designed as a waste-gate turbocharger (6).
5. Hybridantrieb nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch ein den Dieselmotor (2) zugeordnetes5. Hybrid drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a diesel engine (2) associated
Abgasrückführsystem (8) mit mindestens einem, insbesondere als Flatterventil (10) ausgebildeten Abgasrückführungsventil (11 ).Exhaust gas recirculation system (8) with at least one, in particular as a flutter valve (10) formed exhaust gas recirculation valve (11).
6. Hybridantrieb nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch mindestens einen, dem Elektromotor (3) zugeordneten Kondensator als elektrischer Speicher (18).6. Hybrid drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by at least one, the electric motor (3) associated capacitor as an electrical memory (18).
7. Hybridantrieb nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein dem Dieselmotor (2) zugeordneter Generator (15) als Startergenerator zum Starten des Dieselmotors (2) ausgebildet ist.7. Hybrid drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a diesel engine (2) associated generator (15) is designed as a starter generator for starting the diesel engine (2).
8. Hybridantrieb nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch eine dem Dieselmotor (2) zugeordnete Abgaseinrichtung (12) mit mindestens einem selbstregenerierenden Partikelfilter (13).8. Hybrid drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a diesel engine (2) associated exhaust device (12) having at least one self-regenerating particulate filter (13).
9. Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Hybridantriebs eines Kraftfahrzeugs, insbesondere eines Hybridantriebs nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, mit mindestens einem ein Einspritzsystem aufweisenden Dieselmotor und mindestens einem Elektromotor, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Einspritzsystem als einspritzdruckbegrenztes Einspritzsystem ausgebildet ist, das Kraftstoff mit einem9. A method for operating a hybrid drive of a motor vehicle, in particular a hybrid drive according to one of the preceding claims, comprising at least one diesel engine having an injection system and at least one electric motor, characterized in that the injection system is designed as a injection pressure limited injection system, the fuel with a
Einspritzdruck unterhalb einer Druckgrenze von 140 Megapascal einspritzt.Injection pressure injected below a pressure limit of 140 megapascals.
10.Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Elektromotor bei zusätzlichem Drehmomentbedarf, insbesondere bei temporärem Drehmomentbedarf, zu dem Dieselmotor unterstützend zugeschaltet wird.10.Verfahren according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electric motor with additional torque requirement, in particular with temporary torque demand, is switched to support the diesel engine.
11.Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Dieselmotor durch einen Lader, insbesondere einen als Waste-Gate-Turbolader ausgebildeten Lader aufgeladen wird.11.Verfahren according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the diesel engine is charged by a supercharger, in particular designed as a waste-gate turbocharger supercharger.
12. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Teil der Abgase des Dieselmotors rückgeführt wird. 12. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a part of the exhaust gases of the diesel engine is recycled.
PCT/EP2007/057640 2006-08-22 2007-07-25 Hybrid drive for a motor vehicle, and a corresponding method WO2008022865A1 (en)

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DE102016225100B4 (en) * 2016-12-15 2020-03-19 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method, computing unit, computer program and storage medium for determining an injection quantity of at least one injector of a fuel metering system of an internal combustion engine of a vehicle

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