EP1185833B1 - Torche a plasma incorporant un fusible d'amorcage reactif et tube allumeur integrant une telle torche - Google Patents
Torche a plasma incorporant un fusible d'amorcage reactif et tube allumeur integrant une telle torche Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1185833B1 EP1185833B1 EP01919602A EP01919602A EP1185833B1 EP 1185833 B1 EP1185833 B1 EP 1185833B1 EP 01919602 A EP01919602 A EP 01919602A EP 01919602 A EP01919602 A EP 01919602A EP 1185833 B1 EP1185833 B1 EP 1185833B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fuse
- plasma torch
- torch according
- mass
- conductive
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B5/00—Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges
- F42B5/02—Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile
- F42B5/18—Caseless ammunition; Cartridges having combustible cases
- F42B5/181—Caseless ammunition; Cartridges having combustible cases consisting of a combustible casing wall and a metal base; Connectors therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B27/00—Compositions containing a metal, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium or mixtures, intercompounds or hydrides thereof, and hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B33/00—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
- C06B45/12—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product having contiguous layers or zones
- C06B45/14—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product having contiguous layers or zones a layer or zone containing an inorganic explosive or an inorganic explosive or an inorganic thermic component
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06C—DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
- C06C9/00—Chemical contact igniters; Chemical lighters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
- C06D5/00—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets
- C06D5/06—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets by reaction of two or more solids
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B5/00—Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges
- F42B5/02—Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile
- F42B5/08—Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile modified for electric ignition
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
- F42C19/00—Details of fuzes
- F42C19/08—Primers; Detonators
- F42C19/0803—Primers; Detonators characterised by the combination of per se known chemical composition in the priming substance
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
- F42C19/00—Details of fuzes
- F42C19/08—Primers; Detonators
- F42C19/0811—Primers; Detonators characterised by the generation of a plasma for initiating the charge to be ignited
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
- F42C19/00—Details of fuzes
- F42C19/08—Primers; Detonators
- F42C19/0823—Primers or igniters for the initiation or the propellant charge in a cartridged ammunition
- F42C19/0826—Primers or igniters for the initiation or the propellant charge in a cartridged ammunition comprising an elongated perforated tube, i.e. flame tube, for the transmission of the initial energy to the propellant charge, e.g. used for artillery shells and kinetic energy penetrators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
- F42C19/00—Details of fuzes
- F42C19/08—Primers; Detonators
- F42C19/12—Primers; Detonators electric
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/52—Generating plasma using exploding wires or spark gaps
Definitions
- the technical field of the invention is that of torches plasma and more particularly torches used for ensure the ignition of a propellant charge of a munition.
- a plasma torch is a system that can generate high pressure gases (of the order of 500 MPa) and at high temperature (above 10000 K) from a discharge electrical high voltage (of the order of 20 kV) caused between two electrodes.
- Plasma torches are used in the industry for for example, cutting conductive materials, or still to destroy certain products or materials, or to make metal deposits. They are also used in the field of armament to generate a pressure allowing the firing of a projectile.
- the known plasma torches comprise an anode and a cathode separated by a capillary tube made in one material that is both electrical insulator and susceptible to decompose to generate a plasma (for example a plastic material).
- the electric discharge between anode and cathode is primed by means of a copper or other fuse conductive material.
- the electric arc thus created causes a plasma which carries out the ablation of the wall of the capillary tube, which leads to the generation of light gases at high pressure and high temperature.
- These gases are used to either directly accelerate a projectile, either to vaporize a working fluid (for example of water) which increases the volume of gas.
- patents FR2754969 and FR2768810 which describe plasma torches used for initiate a propellant loading of ammunition, according to the preamble of claim 1.
- a disadvantage of known plasma torches is the fragility of the fuse wire for priming the plasma.
- a such fuse wire has a diameter of 0.1 to 0.5mm. It is likely to break as a result of the constraints thermal and mechanical (vibration, shock) that occur during the phases of storage or implementation of the elements of ammunition.
- Patent EP 949 224 discloses a method of making an object from a granular material and including an igniter tube for artillery ammunition or a propellant charge made from this process.
- the igniter tube thus comprises an energetic material (powder black, explosive or redox pyrotechnic composition) which is coated with a binder.
- Such a tube is in no way likely to be used as a plasma torch does not have electrodes and provides for initiation by means of a wire having a pyrotechnic mixture.
- a torch to plasma comprising a fuse made in the form of a tube of porous aluminum. It can possibly contain a energy fluid which is then dispersed with the plasma through the propulsive charge.
- This fuse occupies a large volume and requires a certain level of energy to vaporize and start an arc of plasma. This results in difficulties in integrating a such torch in a combat vehicle where resources in electrical energy are necessarily reduced. This is the purpose of the invention to overcome such disadvantages.
- the torch according to the invention has a resistance to mechanical stresses improved which increases its reliability.
- it is simple in structure and can be manufactured cheaply.
- the torch according to the invention incorporates a fuse with reduced mass and requiring a level of energy reduced to be vaporized.
- this fuse associates at least one conductive material and at least one energy or reactive material that is to say susceptible react with the conductive material.
- the mass total fuse used is very small (of the order a few hundred milligrams). It consumes so little energy but enough to initiate the energetic material or to initiate the reaction of a suitable reactive material with the conductive material.
- the flame thus produced is a conductive medium that allows the maintenance of the arc between the electrodes of the torch with a minimum supply voltage (of the order of 1000 volts for 10 cm of air gap, while known torches operate between 10 KV and 30 KV for 10 cm of air gap).
- the torch according to the invention can be produced without difficulty with very different lengths.
- the torch according to the invention can be produced without difficulty with very different lengths.
- the subject of the invention is also an igniter tube for ammunition incorporating such a plasma torch.
- the invention relates to a plasma torch comprising at least two electrodes separated by a case cylindrical insulator delimiting an internal volume, electrodes connected by a conductive ignition fuse arranged in the internal volume, torch characterized in that the fuse comprises at least one conductive material associated with at least an energetic material or capable of reacting with the conductive material, the conductive material under the powder or particle form is mixed with energy material or capable of reacting with the conductive material, either in the form of a deposited layer on at least a part of the energetic material or likely to react with the conductive material.
- the conductive material will consist of carbon or good a metal.
- the fuse can thus be made of a mixture homogenous combining 6 to 40% by mass of powder of material 60 to 94% by weight of an energetic material or very likely to react with the conductive material.
- the fuse can thus be made of a mixture homogeneous mixture of 10 to 40% by weight of copper powder and preferably 20%, 60 to 90% by weight of a composition combining magnesium, polytetrafluoroethylene and copolymer of chlorofluoroethylene, and preferably 80%.
- the material conductor may form at least one deposited layer on least part of the energy material or susceptible to react with the conductive material.
- the fuse can thus comprise at least one layer conductor of aluminum or magnesium deposited on a reactive layer of polytetrafluoroethylene, or nitrocellulose or polyvinyl nitrate, or oxide of copper or chlorofluoroethylene copolymer, or polyoxymethylene, or trifluoroethylene polychloride, or polysulfone, or polyvinylidene fluoride.
- the dimensions of the different layers will be chosen as we associate 85 to 95 parts by mass of the material of the conductive layer at 5 to 15 parts by weight of the materials of the reactive layer or layers.
- the fuse may include at least one layer of aluminum and at least one layer of copolymer of chlorofluoroethylene.
- the fuse may also include least one layer of a flame enhancer material.
- the flame enhancer material may be the polyoxymethylene or nitrocellulose.
- the mass of the flame reinforcing material can represent between 15 and 25 parts by mass added to other fuse materials.
- the fuse may advantageously be in the form of a tube disposed in the internal volume.
- the cylindrical insulating case can be arranged in a conductive tubular body electrically connected to a electrode, the conductive tubular body being covered on at least a portion of its outer surface by an insulator.
- the subject of the invention is also an igniter tube for ammunition comprising at least one such plasma torch.
- the rear portion 2b of the body 2 has a diameter widened to form a stop collar facilitating fixing the torch in a bore of a support (no shown) for example an ammunition base.
- a support for example an ammunition base.
- the body 2 carries a thread 4.
- the body 2 has an axial bore 5 on the inside which is disposed a cylindrical insulating case 6 made of a plastic material likely to settle, that is to say to generate light gases by the action of a plasma.
- a cylindrical insulating case 6 made of a plastic material likely to settle, that is to say to generate light gases by the action of a plasma.
- the case 6 polyethylene, in polyoxymethylene or polytetrafluoroethylene.
- Such a case is usually called capillary in the known plasma torches.
- a globally cylindrical rear electrode 7 and same axis as the body 2 extends inside the case 6. It has a rear end 7a which is flush with the level of a rear face 1a of the torch. Its end before 7b is pointed so as to get a field effect and thus allow the attachment of the foot of the electric arc which will generate the plasma.
- a front electrode 8 is applied against the case 6 by the cover 3. It has a peripheral shoulder 8a which is tightly fitted with the body 2. It presents also a central pin 8b sharp favorable to the hanging of the bow and which extends inside the case 6.
- the rear electrode 7 also has a shoulder 7c which acts as a positioning stop for the electrode back 7 relative to the body 2.
- the shoulder 7c is in bearing against a counterbore 9a of a support 9 made in one insulating material with high mechanical strength, for example a phenoplast or polyoxymethylene.
- the support 9 has a rear part 9b flared which is attached to the body 2 by a Thread 10.
- the support 9 has a tubular front portion 9c which is fitted into the bore 5 of the body 2. This part front has separate annular sealing lips 30 by annular grooves 31.
- the lips 30 ensure by their radial deformation, during the operation of the torch, the gas tightness produced by the torch 1.
- the throats 31 form relaxation rooms also improving sealing.
- a tube 11 is arranged in the internal volume delimited by the insulating case 6.
- This tube caps the cylindrical ends 7b and 8b of electrodes 7 and 8.
- the tube 11 is pinched between the outer cylindrical surface of the electrode 7 and a thinned end 12 of the insulating case 6, itself in contact with the front portion 9c of the support 9.
- the tube 11 constitutes a fuse for priming the torch 1.
- the tube 11 comprises at least one conductive material associated with at least one material energy or likely to react with the material driver.
- Energy material is a material likely to provide chemical energy in the form a flame when it is initiated by the Joule effect generated by the passage of the current in the material driver with which he is intimately associated.
- Reactive or reactive material with the conductive material a material, inert in isolation, but likely to react chemically with the material driver during the warm-up of this one by effect Joule. Chemical energy is then provided by this reaction in the form of a flame.
- the conductive material may consist of carbon or a metal such as copper, aluminum, money or magnesium.
- the energetic materials are the compositions: Magnesium / polytetrafluoroethylene / chlorofluoroethylene copolymer; Boron / Nitrate potassium; film or film of plasticized nitrocellulose; polyvinyl nitrate.
- Reactive materials with a conductive material are: Copper oxide; polytetrafluoroethylene; copolymer of chlorofluoroethylene; polytetrafluoroethylene / copolymer chlorofluoroethylene; polyoxymethylene; Polychloride trifluoroethylene; Polyvinyl chloride; polysulfone; Polyvinylidene fluoride
- the fuse tube is formed by a homogeneous mixture combining 6 to 20% by mass of powder or particles of conductive material and 80 to 94% by weight of a material energetic or likely to react with the material driver.
- the composition Bore potassium nitrate will associate 80% in bulk of Boron for 20% by mass of potassium nitrate.
- the tube is made first of all by the mixture of different granular materials then isostatic compression in a suitable mold.
- Patent FR 2776656 for example describes a method of realization that can be implemented to achieve such tube.
- the thickness of the tube 11 is of the order of 0.5 mm, its resistance is of the order of a few hundred milliohms.
- the body 2 radially presents conical vents 13 which are flared out of the body 2 to favor the evacuation of gases.
- vents are regularly distributed angularly and longitudinally (here only eight vents are represented on a total of sixteen).
- vents 13 are arranged opposite radial holes cylindrical 14 made on the insulating case 6.
- Events 13 and 14 holes are intended to allow the radial diffusion of the plasma generated by the torch 1, by example to ensure the ignition of a propellant charge of ammunition (not shown).
- the diameter of the holes 14 is smaller than the smallest diameter of the vents 13 this in order to favor the removal of the capillary case 6.
- the conductive tubular body 2 will be covered on substantially all its external and internal surfaces by an insulator (no represented), for example by a vacuum deposit of 30 to 80 micrometers of a plastic material such as di-para-zylylene.
- an insulator no represented
- a vacuum deposit of 30 to 80 micrometers of a plastic material such as di-para-zylylene.
- this torch is simply done by stacking the different elements inside the body 2. For example, we can start by fixing the support rear 9 carrying the back electrode 7 on the body 2. On then slides through the front of the body 2 the case 6 inside of which is disposed the fuse tube 11. The depression of the case 6 in the body makes it possible to pinch the tube 11 around the back electrode 7, and therefore make good electrical contact at this level.
- the case will be oriented angularly in an appropriate manner to ensure the positioning of the holes 14 opposite 13. Such indexing may be facilitated by providing on the case 6 a localized peripheral indentation in the vicinity of the front electrode 8 and cooperating with a notch arranged in the body (details not shown).
- a torch 1 according to the invention is for example fixed at a base 15 a munition 16 (shown partially).
- the ammunition 16 conventionally comprises a propellant charge of powder 17 disposed in a combustible case 18.
- a projectile (not shown) is attached to fuel case 18 at of a front part of the latter.
- the ammunition 16 is disposed in the chamber of a weapon (not shown)
- the weapon has an electric generator 19 which is connected by electrical connections 24 and 25 to the torch 1.
- a first connection 24 is in electrical contact by a suitable means (for example a non-spring-loaded shown) with the back electrode 7.
- a second connection 25 is in electrical contact with the metallic body of the torch, for example by a spring pad resting on the back part 2b of this one or on the metal base 15 himself.
- the body 2 is in electrical contact with the electrode before 8 thanks to the tight fit of the shoulder 8a of the electrode in the bore 5 of the body 2.
- the fuse tube 11 is in electrical contact with both electrodes 7 and 8 thanks to a tight fit by pinching the tube 11 between the case 6 and the parts cylindrical 7b and 8b electrodes (see Figure 1).
- the generator 19 is designed to be able to deliver a energy from 10 kJ to 1 mega-joule in the form of pulses of voltage from 1000 volts to 20 kilo volts.
- a generator is and includes, for example, capabilities, inductance, thyristors and a stabilized power supply.
- a small fraction of the energy provided by the generator is used to initiate the fuse tube 11 by Joule effect.
- the energetic material is then initiated or the reaction between the conductive material and the material reagent is initiated.
- a combustion flame is established on substantially the entire length of the tube 11, releasing the holes 14 and vents 13.
- This flame is naturally formed of atoms and ionized molecules. It ensures electrical conduction of reduced resistance between the electrodes 7 and 8 which allows the maintaining the arc between the electrodes 7 and 8.
- Plasma provides initiation of propellant charge 17 ammunition by providing the benefits usually associated with electric plasma ignition: pressure level and temperature higher than that of a pyrotechnic ignition due to the supply of electrical energy by the generator. This results in a higher speed for the projectile.
- the energy fuse proposed by the present invention also for the benefit of providing energy too ignition (in chemical form). It allows to use a generator delivering a lower voltage than generators used in conventional plasma torches. Practically, a voltage of 1000 Volts is enough against 10 to 35 kilovolts for known plasma torches. We improve thus the performance of the torch and it facilitates its integration into a weapon system.
- Figure 3 shows a preferred embodiment for the fuse tube 11 which can be set up in a torch such as that shown in Figure 1.
- This tube 11 differs from the previous one in that the material conductor is not homogeneously mixed with the material energetic or likely to react with him.
- the conductive material here forms a deposited layer 26 on at least a part of the energetic material or likely to react with the conductive material.
- the layer conductor 26 is cylindrical and deposited within a tube 27 of energy material or capable of reacting with the conductive material. Such an arrangement allows to ensure the electrical contact between the electrodes 7 and 8 and the conductive layer 26.
- the metal deposit will be obtained for example by vapo vacuum deposition of a metal on the energy or reactive material. He will be able to also be obtained by projection on a metal sheet a mixture of glue and energetic material or react with the conductive material.
- the tube 11 may also comprise two layers conductors separated by the energy layer. Such a provision will favor the generation of discharge arcs between the two conductive layers.
- a fuse tube having at least one layer of aluminum or magnesium deposited on a layer of polytetrafluoroethylene or polyvinyl chloride.
- the thickness of the metal layer (s) will be the order of 100 micrometers. That of the energetic material will be of the order of 150 micrometers.
- the thicknesses and lengths of the different leaves will be determined by relative proportions desired for the reactants between them (aluminum and chlorofluoroethylene copolymer).
- a layer of conductive material 26 eg aluminum
- a layer of chlorofluoroethylene copolymer e.g aluminum
- a layer 30 of a flame enhancer material which can be polyoxymethylene or nitrocellulose.
- the dimensions and masses of the different layers will preferably respect the previous stoichiometry of 90 parts by mass of aluminum for 10 parts by weight of chlorofluoroethylene copolymer.
- the mass of polyoxymethylene added will represent between 15 and 25 parts in bulk added to other fuse materials. She will preferably 20 parts by weight.
- This last variant makes it possible to obtain a temperature from 17000 K to 20000 K which is much higher (at electrical energy equal) to the temperature obtained with the torches using polyethylene (of the order of 6000 K).
- Figure 7 shows in cross section a variant of making a fuse in the form of a tube 11 of a material as described above with reference to FIG. 6. Again this fuse combines a layer 26 of material conductor (eg aluminum) at one or two layers (27a, 27b) of chlorofluoroethylene copolymer and at a layer 30 of a flame enhancer material which can be polyoxymethylene or nitrocellulose.
- material conductor eg aluminum
- layers (27a, 27b) of chlorofluoroethylene copolymer eg aluminum
- a flame enhancer material which can be polyoxymethylene or nitrocellulose.
- This variant differs from the previous one in that after winding the fuse before it is placed in the body tubular 2 (Figure 1), the fuse does not cover an arc of 360 °. There remains a slot 31 representing an arc that will be less than 180 °.
- This variant makes it possible to reduce the mass of the fuse while preserving the relative proportions conductive and energetic components. This decrease mass reduces the duration of the heating phase by Joule effect of the fuse. This decreases the energy consumed without reducing the temperature of the plasma got.
- the skilled person will adjust the width of the slot which it is necessary according to the characteristics desired for the weapon system it defines.
- the functioning of the various embodiments of the Figures 3, 5, 6 and 7 are similar to the previously described with reference to Figures 1 and 2.
- Figure 4 shows a torch following a third mode embodiment of the invention.
- This mode differs from that in FIG. 1 in that the body 2 is devoid of radial vents and the insulating case 6 is devoid of radial holes.
- the front electrode 8 is here fixed by threading on the body 2. It has an axial hole 28 which passes through it and which is intended to let the plasma pass axially generated by the torch.
- the fuse tube 11 is as in the previous mode arranged around the electrodes 7 and 8 and surrounded by the ablatable case 6.
- the hole 28 will advantageously be closed by a disk or closure paillet 29 made of metal or material plastic and stuck on the electrode 8. This disc is intended for ensure a storage seal. It is broken dice ignition of the torch.
- This embodiment makes it possible to obtain a torch compact plasma (length L less than or equal to 40mm) and having an axial direction of action.
- a torch can be used for reduced caliber ammunition (lower at 50mm) or for civil applications (cutting of materials, safety openings, deposits of materials low thickness, powder metal fabrication nanometer).
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Fuses (AREA)
- Plasma Technology (AREA)
- Insulated Conductors (AREA)
- Spark Plugs (AREA)
- Gas Burners (AREA)
- Spray-Type Burners (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
Description
- soit sous la forme d'un mélange homogène des matériaux pulvérulents, agglomérés avec éventuellement un liant,
- soit sous la forme du contact intime d'au moins une couche d'un matériau conducteur avec au moins une couche d'un matériau énergétique ou réactif.
- 10 à 40 % en masse de poudre d'argent et de préférence 10%,
- 60 à 90% en masse d'une composition associant Magnésium, polytétrafluoréthylène et copolymère de chlorofluoro-éthylène, et de préférence 80%.
- 10 à 40 % en masse de poudre d'argent et de préférence 20%,
- 60 à 90% en masse d'une composition associant Bore et nitrate de potassium, et de préférence 80%.
- la figure 1 représente en coupe longitudinale un premier mode de réalisation d'une torche selon l'invention,
- la figure 2 montre l'adaptation à une munition de la torche selon l'invention,
- la figure 3 représente en coupe longitudinale un fusible mise en oeuvre dans un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention,
- la figure 4 représente une torche suivant un troisième mode de réalisation de l'invention,
- la figure 5 représente partiellement en coupe une variante de réalisation d'un fusible selon l'invention,
- la figure 6 représente partiellement en coupe une autre variante de réalisation d'un fusible selon l'invention,
- la figure 7 montre en coupe transversale une autre variante de réalisation d'un fusible selon l'invention.
- 10 à 40 % en masse de poudre d'argent et de préférence 20%,
- 60 à 90% en masse d'une composition associant Bore et nitrate de potassium, et de préférence 80%.
Claims (19)
- Torche à plasma (1) comprenant au moins deux électrodes (7,8) séparées par un étui cylindrique isolant (6) délimitant un volume interne, électrodes reliées par un fusible d'amorçage conducteur (11) disposé dans le volume interne, torche caractérisée en ce que le fusible (11) comprend au moins un matériau conducteur associé à au moins un matériau énergétique ou susceptible de réagir avec le matériau conducteur, le matériau conducteur se trouvant sous la forme de poudre ou de particules soit mélangées au matériau énergétique ou bien susceptible de réagir avec le matériau conducteur, soit sous la forme d'une couche (26) déposée sur au moins une partie (27) du matériau énergétique ou bien susceptible de réagir avec le matériau conducteur.
- Torche à plasma suivant la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le matériau conducteur est constitué par du carbone ou bien un métal.
- Torche à plasma suivant une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que le matériau énergétique ou susceptible de réagir avec le matériau conducteur est choisi parmi les composés ou compositions suivantes :Oxyde de cuivre; polytétrafluoréthylène; copolymère de chlorofluoroéthylène; polytétrafluoréthylène/copolymère de chlorofluoroéthylène; Magnésium / polytétrafluoréthylène / copolymère de chlorofluoro-éthylène; Bore/Nitrate de potassium; pellicule ou film de nitrocellulose plastifiée; nitrate de polyvinyle; Polyoxyméthylène; polychlorure de vinyle; Polychlorure de trifluoroéthylène; polysulfone; polyfluorure de vinylidène.
- Torche à plasma suivant une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que le fusible (11) est réalisé en un mélange homogène associant 6 à 40% en masse de poudre de matériau conducteur et 60 à 94% en masse d'un matériau énergétique ou bien susceptible de réagir avec le matériau conducteur.
- Torche à plasma suivant la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que le fusible (11) est réalisé en un mélange homogène associant :10 à 40 % en masse de poudre de cuivre et de préférence 20%,60 à 90% en masse d'une composition associant Magnésium, polytétrafluoréthylène et copolymère de chlorofluoroéthylène, et de préférence 80%.
- Torche à plasma suivant la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que le fusible (11) est réalisé en un mélange homogène associant :10 à 40 % en masse de poudre d'argent et de préférence 10%,60 à 90% en masse d'une composition associant Magnésium, polytétrafluoréthylène et copolymère de chlorofluoro-éthylène, et de préférence 80%.
- Torche à plasma suivant la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que le fusible (11) est réalisé en un mélange homogène associant :10 à 40 % en masse de poudre d'argent et de préférence 20%,60 à 90% en masse d'une composition associant Bore et nitrate de potassium, et de préférence 80%.
- Torche à plasma suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que le fusible comprend au moins une couche (26) conductrice d'aluminium ou de magnésium déposée sur une couche (27) réactive de polytétrafluoréthylène, ou de nitrocellulose ou de nitrate de polyvinyle, ou d'oxyde de cuivre ou de copolymère de chlorofluoroéthylène, ou de polyoxyméthylène, ou de Polychlorure de trifluoroéthylène, ou de polysulfone, ou de polyfluorure de vinylidène.
- Torche à plasma suivant la revendication 8, caractérisée en ce que les dimensions des différentes couches sont telles qu'on associe de 85 à 95 parties en masse du matériau de la couche conductrice à 5 à 15 parties en masse du ou des matériaux de la ou des couches réactives.
- Torche à plasma suivant la revendication 9, caractérisée en ce que le fusible comprend au moins une couche d'aluminium et au moins une couche de copolymère de chlorofluoroéthylène.
- Torche à plasma suivant une des revendications 9 ou 10, caractérisée en ce que le fusible comprend également au moins une couche d'un matériau renforçateur de flamme.
- Torche à plasma suivant la revendication 11, caractérisée en ce que le matériau renforçateur de flamme est le polyoxyméthylène ou la nitrocellulose.
- Torche à plasma suivant la revendication 12, caractérisée en ce que le matériau renforçateur de flamme représente entre 15 et 25 parties en masse ajoutées aux autres matériaux du fusible.
- Torche à plasma suivant une des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisée en ce que le fusible (11) est sous la forme d'un tube disposé dans le volume interne.
- Torche à plasma suivant la revendication 14, caractérisée en ce que le tube présente au moins une fente longitudinale.
- Torche à plasma suivant une des revendications 1 à 15, caractérisée en ce que l'étui cylindrique isolant (6) est disposé dans un corps tubulaire conducteur (2) relié électriquement à une électrode, le corps tubulaire conducteur étant recouvert sur au moins une partie de sa surface externe par un isolant.
- Torche à plasma suivant la revendication 16 et une des revendications 14 ou 15, caractérisée en ce que le corps tubulaire (2) est percé d'au moins deux évents radiaux (13) disposés en regard de trous radiaux réalisés sur l'étui isolant (6), évents et trous étant obturés par le fusible tubulaire (11).
- Torche à plasma suivant la revendication 16 et une des revendications 14 ou 15, caractérisée en ce que l'électrode avant (8) est percée d'un trou axial (28).
- Tube allumeur pour munition, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend au moins une torche à plasma suivant une des revendications 1 à 18.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0004734 | 2000-04-11 | ||
| FR0004734A FR2807610B1 (fr) | 2000-04-11 | 2000-04-11 | Torche a plasma incorporant un fusible d'amorcage reactif et tube allumeur integrant une telle torche |
| PCT/FR2001/000961 WO2001077604A1 (fr) | 2000-04-11 | 2001-03-30 | Torche a plasma incorporant un fusible d'amorcage reactif et tube allumeur integrant une telle torche |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1185833A1 EP1185833A1 (fr) | 2002-03-13 |
| EP1185833B1 true EP1185833B1 (fr) | 2005-07-20 |
Family
ID=8849205
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP01919602A Expired - Lifetime EP1185833B1 (fr) | 2000-04-11 | 2001-03-30 | Torche a plasma incorporant un fusible d'amorcage reactif et tube allumeur integrant une telle torche |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6703580B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1185833B1 (fr) |
| AT (1) | ATE300031T1 (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE60112012T2 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2807610B1 (fr) |
| IL (1) | IL145774A (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2001077604A1 (fr) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200110054B (fr) |
Cited By (1)
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| CN108301997A (zh) * | 2018-01-24 | 2018-07-20 | 上海交通大学 | 基于z-pinch无火花塞的脉冲等离子体推力器 |
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| DE10140599A1 (de) * | 2001-08-18 | 2003-03-06 | Rheinmetall W & M Gmbh | Patrone |
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| FR2844873B1 (fr) * | 2002-09-25 | 2006-11-24 | Giat Ind Sa | Inflammateur a double effet et procede d'allumage mettant en oeuvre un tel inflammateur |
| FR2847975B1 (fr) | 2002-12-02 | 2006-06-16 | Giat Ind Sa | Dispositif assurant la liaison electrique entre une masse reculante d'une arme et un berceau fixe |
| FR2849179B1 (fr) | 2002-12-18 | 2006-06-30 | Giat Ind Sa | Munition sans douille et procede de montage d'une telle munition |
| US7073447B2 (en) * | 2003-02-12 | 2006-07-11 | Bae Systems Land & Armaments L.P. | Electro-thermal chemical igniter and connector |
| US6805055B1 (en) * | 2003-06-25 | 2004-10-19 | Gamma Recherches & Technologies Patent Sa | Plasma firing mechanism and method for firing ammunition |
| FR2869101B1 (fr) | 2004-04-15 | 2006-06-02 | Giat Ind Sa | Munition sans douille et procede de montage d'une telle munition |
| SE533831C2 (sv) * | 2005-03-15 | 2011-02-01 | Bae Systems Bofors Ab | Plasmajettändare för en elektro-termisk-kemisk(ETK) kanon, kulspruta eller annat eldrörsvapen av motsvarande typ |
| DE102006017100B4 (de) * | 2006-04-07 | 2012-10-31 | Bae Systems Bofors Ab | Zünder |
| US7878120B1 (en) * | 2007-12-20 | 2011-02-01 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Ammunition data link |
| US8607702B1 (en) * | 2010-01-15 | 2013-12-17 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Low energy ignition system for large and medium caliber ammunition |
| SE536256C2 (sv) * | 2011-12-29 | 2013-07-23 | Bae Systems Bofors Ab | Repeterbar plasmagenerator och metod därför |
| US10138378B2 (en) | 2014-01-30 | 2018-11-27 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Plasma gas throat assembly and method |
| US10100200B2 (en) | 2014-01-30 | 2018-10-16 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Use of feedstock in carbon black plasma process |
| US11939477B2 (en) | 2014-01-30 | 2024-03-26 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | High temperature heat integration method of making carbon black |
| US10370539B2 (en) | 2014-01-30 | 2019-08-06 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | System for high temperature chemical processing |
| JP6765305B2 (ja) | 2014-01-31 | 2020-10-07 | モノリス マテリアルズ インコーポレイテッド | プラズマトーチ設計 |
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| US10584639B2 (en) | 2014-08-18 | 2020-03-10 | Woodward, Inc. | Torch igniter |
| MX2017009982A (es) | 2015-02-03 | 2018-01-25 | Monolith Mat Inc | Metodo y dispositivo de enfriamiento regenerativo. |
| KR102705340B1 (ko) | 2015-02-03 | 2024-09-09 | 모놀리스 머티어리얼스 인코포레이티드 | 카본 블랙 생성 시스템 |
| CN108292826B (zh) * | 2015-07-29 | 2020-06-16 | 巨石材料公司 | Dc等离子体焰炬电力设计方法和设备 |
| WO2017027385A1 (fr) | 2015-08-07 | 2017-02-16 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Procédé de fabrication de noir de carbone |
| US20170066923A1 (en) | 2015-09-09 | 2017-03-09 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Circular few layer graphene |
| CN108352493B (zh) | 2015-09-14 | 2022-03-08 | 巨石材料公司 | 由天然气制造炭黑 |
| EP4379005A3 (fr) | 2016-04-29 | 2024-10-16 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Procédé et appareil de rampe de chalumeau |
| WO2017190045A1 (fr) | 2016-04-29 | 2017-11-02 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Ajout de chaleur secondaire à un processus de production de particules et appareil |
| EP3592810A4 (fr) | 2017-03-08 | 2021-01-27 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Systèmes et procédés de production de particules de carbone à l'aide un gaz de transfert thermique |
| CN115637064A (zh) | 2017-04-20 | 2023-01-24 | 巨石材料公司 | 颗粒系统和方法 |
| CN111278767A (zh) | 2017-08-28 | 2020-06-12 | 巨石材料公司 | 用于颗粒生成的系统和方法 |
| EP3676335A4 (fr) | 2017-08-28 | 2021-03-31 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Systèmes particulaires et procédés |
| WO2019084200A1 (fr) | 2017-10-24 | 2019-05-02 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Systèmes particulaires et procédés |
| CA3083853C (fr) * | 2017-12-08 | 2025-06-17 | Rabuffo Sa | Cartouche de munition |
| US12264903B2 (en) | 2017-12-08 | 2025-04-01 | Rabuffo Sa | Ammunition cartridge |
| US11421601B2 (en) | 2019-03-28 | 2022-08-23 | Woodward, Inc. | Second stage combustion for igniter |
| CN110595304B (zh) * | 2019-08-20 | 2021-12-10 | 南京理工大学 | 一种点点火药装置 |
| SE544051C2 (sv) | 2019-12-20 | 2021-11-23 | Bae Systems Bofors Ab | Plasmagenerator samt ammunitionsenhet och utskjutningsanordning innehållandes nämnda plasmagenerator |
| US11060831B1 (en) * | 2020-05-14 | 2021-07-13 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | System and method for routing flame within an explosive device |
| US12305578B2 (en) | 2020-06-23 | 2025-05-20 | Woodward, Inc. | Ignition system for power generation engine |
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| JPS6027122B2 (ja) * | 1981-01-24 | 1985-06-27 | ペガサスキヤンドル株式会社 | 装飾用キヤンドル |
| CN1059897A (zh) * | 1990-09-19 | 1992-04-01 | 浙江省临安县矿产工业公司 | 安全爆响药及其生产方法 |
| US5431101A (en) * | 1991-04-16 | 1995-07-11 | Thiokol Corporation | Low cost hermetically sealed squib |
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| FR2776656B1 (fr) * | 1998-03-30 | 2000-04-28 | Giat Ind Sa | Procede de fabrication d'un objet a partir d'un materiau granulaire, tube allumeur et charge propulsive obtenus avec un tel procede |
| US6435095B1 (en) * | 2000-08-09 | 2002-08-20 | Mccormick Selph, Inc. | Linear ignition system |
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2000
- 2000-04-11 FR FR0004734A patent/FR2807610B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2001
- 2001-03-30 WO PCT/FR2001/000961 patent/WO2001077604A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2001-03-30 EP EP01919602A patent/EP1185833B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-03-30 AT AT01919602T patent/ATE300031T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-03-30 DE DE60112012T patent/DE60112012T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-03-30 US US09/958,572 patent/US6703580B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-03-30 IL IL145774A patent/IL145774A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-12-06 ZA ZA200110054A patent/ZA200110054B/xx unknown
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108301997A (zh) * | 2018-01-24 | 2018-07-20 | 上海交通大学 | 基于z-pinch无火花塞的脉冲等离子体推力器 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IL145774A0 (en) | 2002-07-25 |
| US20020157559A1 (en) | 2002-10-31 |
| WO2001077604A1 (fr) | 2001-10-18 |
| ATE300031T1 (de) | 2005-08-15 |
| US6703580B2 (en) | 2004-03-09 |
| ZA200110054B (en) | 2002-07-22 |
| FR2807610A1 (fr) | 2001-10-12 |
| IL145774A (en) | 2006-06-11 |
| FR2807610B1 (fr) | 2002-10-11 |
| EP1185833A1 (fr) | 2002-03-13 |
| DE60112012D1 (de) | 2005-08-25 |
| DE60112012T2 (de) | 2006-04-20 |
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