EP1182323B1 - Eléments de coupe multidirectionnels pour trépan de forage bi-central adapté pour forer un sabot de tubage - Google Patents

Eléments de coupe multidirectionnels pour trépan de forage bi-central adapté pour forer un sabot de tubage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1182323B1
EP1182323B1 EP20010305833 EP01305833A EP1182323B1 EP 1182323 B1 EP1182323 B1 EP 1182323B1 EP 20010305833 EP20010305833 EP 20010305833 EP 01305833 A EP01305833 A EP 01305833A EP 1182323 B1 EP1182323 B1 EP 1182323B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rotation
centre
region
bit
cutter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP20010305833
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1182323A1 (fr
Inventor
Steven James Hart
Graham R. Watson
Jeffery E. Daly
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ReedHycalog UK Ltd
Original Assignee
Camco International UK Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Camco International UK Ltd filed Critical Camco International UK Ltd
Publication of EP1182323A1 publication Critical patent/EP1182323A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1182323B1 publication Critical patent/EP1182323B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/26—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers
    • E21B10/265—Bi-center drill bits, i.e. an integral bit and eccentric reamer used to simultaneously drill and underream the hole
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
    • E21B10/56—Button-type inserts
    • E21B10/567—Button-type inserts with preformed cutting elements mounted on a distinct support, e.g. polycrystalline inserts
    • E21B10/5673—Button-type inserts with preformed cutting elements mounted on a distinct support, e.g. polycrystalline inserts having a non planar or non circular cutting face
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
    • E21B10/56—Button-type inserts
    • E21B10/567—Button-type inserts with preformed cutting elements mounted on a distinct support, e.g. polycrystalline inserts
    • E21B10/5676—Button-type inserts with preformed cutting elements mounted on a distinct support, e.g. polycrystalline inserts having a cutting face with different segments, e.g. mosaic-type inserts

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to drill bits, and, more particularly, to multi-directional cutters for a fixed cutter, drillout bi-centre bit.
  • Drill bits used to form these boreholes are generally known as bi-centre type drill bits.
  • Bi-centre drill bits are well known in the drilling industry. Various types of bi-centre drill bits are described in U.S. Patents Nos. 1,587,266, 1,758,773, 2,074,951, 2,953,354, 3,367,430, 4,408,669, 4,440,244, 4,635,738, 5,040,621, 5,052,503, 5,165,494, 5,678,644 and European Patent Application 0,058,061.
  • Modem bi-centre drill bits are typically used in difficult drilling applications where the earth formations are badly fractured, where there is hole swelling, where the borehole has a tendency to become spiralled, or in other situations where an oversize hole is desirable.
  • the top portion of the well bore is often stabilized by setting and cementing casing.
  • the cement, shoe, float, and related cementing hardware are then typically drilled out of the casing by a drill bit that is run into the casing for this purpose. Once the cement and related hardware are drilled out, the drill-out bit is tripped out of the hole and a bi-center drill bit is run back into the borehole. Drilling then proceeds with the bi-center drill bit, which drills a hole into the formation below the casing with a diameter that is greater than the inside diameter of the casing.
  • the casing tends to be damaged by the gauge cutting elements mounted on the bi-center drill bit because inside the casing the pilot section of the bit is forced to orbit about its center, causing the gauge cutters to engage the casing.
  • the forced orbiting action of the pilot section can also cause damage to the cutters on the leading face of the bi-center drill bit.
  • the cutting elements have cutting faces which are precisely oriented relative to the direction of travel of the cutter through the formation being drilled.
  • cutters located in an area generally between the passthrough center and the drilling center of the bit face of drillout bi-center bits experience two different directions of travel as they drill. One direction of travel occurs when the bit is drilling out, and the other direction of travel occurs when the bit is drilling the full diameter borehole.
  • the cutters which lie in line between the two centers experience exactly opposite directions of travel.
  • the present invention is directed to overcoming, or at least reducing the effects of, one or more of the problems set forth above.
  • a drillout bi-center drill bit comprising a bit body with a first end adapted to be detachably secured to a drill string, a pilot section on a second, opposite end of the bit body and a reamer section intermediate the first and second ends.
  • a first drilling center of rotation of the pilot section and a second passthrough center of rotation of the pilot section spaced apart from the first center of rotation by a non-zero distance D.
  • a cutting element is fixed on the bit body within the third region.
  • the cutting element has a first cutting face generally oriented perpendicular to the direction of travel of the cutting element about first center of rotation of the pilot section and a second cutting face generally oriented perpendicular to the direction of travel of the cutting element about the second center of rotation.
  • a drillout bi-center drill bit comprising a bit body with a longitudinal axis and a first end adapted to be detachably secured to a drill string, a pilot section on a second, opposite end of the bit body and a reamer section intermediate the first and second ends.
  • a first drilling center of rotation of the pilot section and a second passthrough center of rotation of the pilot section spaced apart from the first center of rotation by a non-zero distance D.
  • first region of the pilot section centered about the first center of rotation having a radius D
  • second region of the pilot section centered about the second center of rotation having a radius D
  • third region of the pilot section formed by the intersection of the first region and the second region.
  • first cutters in the third region, with superhard cutting faces generally oriented perpendicular to the direction of travel of the cutting element about the first center of rotation, projecting a distance from the bit body.
  • At least one second cutter is fixed on the bit body within the third region and projecting a distance from the bit body greater than the projection of the first cutters, with a cutting face oriented generally perpendicular to the direction of travel of the second cutter about the second center of rotation.
  • a drillout bi-centre drill bit 10 having multi-directional cutters is shown in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the drillout bi-centre drill bit 10 has a longitudinal axis 11 upon which the drill bit 10 rotates, and a bit body 12 with a first end 14 adapted to be secured to a drill string (not shown) for driving the drill bit 10.
  • threads 16 may be used for coupling the drill bit 10 to the drill string.
  • a pilot section 18 of the drillout bi-centre drill bit 10 is intermediate the first end 14 and the pilot section 18 of the bi-centre drill bit 10.
  • the bit body 12 While in operation, the bit body 12 is rotated via the drill string by some external means while the drillout bi-centre drill bit 10 is forced into the material being drilled.
  • the rotation under load causes elements 24 at the exposed at the cutting face to penetrate into the drilled material and remove the material in a scraping and/or gouging fashion.
  • the bit body 12 includes internal passaging (not shown) that allows pressurised drilling fluid to be supplied from the drilling surface to a plurality of nozzle orifices 22. These nozzle orifices 22 discharge the drilling fluid to clean and cool the cutting elements 24 as they engage the material being drilled. The drilling fluid also functions to transport the drilled material to the surface for disposal.
  • the pilot section 18 may have a section with at least one fluid passage 26 provided for return flow of the drilling fluid. There also may be other fluid passages 26 provided in the reamer section 20 of the drillout bit-centre drill bit 10 as well.
  • FIGS 2B and 2C side view perspectives of the drillout bi-centre drill bit 10 of the present invention are shown.
  • One important characteristic of the drillout bi-centre drill bit 10 is its ability to drill a borehole 11 into the earth 13 with a gauge drilling diameter larger than the inside diameter of the casing 15, or pipe or other type of conductor the bit 10 passes through, which is shown in Figure 2C.
  • drillout bi-center drill bit 10 Another important characteristic of the of the drillout bi-center drill bit 10 is its ability to drill out cement 17 (and related hardware, not shown) inside the casing 15 as shown in Figure 2B without causing damage to the casing 15 or the cutting elements 24 of the drill bit 10.
  • FIG. 3 an end view of a drillout bi-center drill bit 10 of the present invention is shown.
  • the gauge drilling diameter as indicated by the circle 28, is generated by radius R1 from a first center of rotation 30 of the pilot section 18.
  • the circular portion of the pilot section 18 will be concentric with the diameter 28.
  • the cutting elements 24 on the portion of the reamer section 20 radially furthest from the first center of rotation 30 actually drill the gauge drilling diameter of the borehole 11, as indicated at numeral 31.
  • the reamer section 20 is formed eccentrically of the pilot section 18, so only a portion of the wall of the borehole 11 is in contact with the cutting elements 24, which cut the final gauge of the borehole 11 at any given time during operation.
  • the drillout bi-center drill bit 10 also has a pass through diameter, as indicated by the circle 32, generated by radius R2 from a second center of rotation 34 of the pilot section 18.
  • the shortest linear distance at the face of the bit between the centers of rotation 30, 34 is indicated as D.
  • the second center of rotation 34 is on the centerline of the smallest cylinder that may be fitted about the drillout bi-center drill bit 10.
  • the pass through diameter that is indicated by circle 32 must be smaller than the inside diameter of the casing 15 that the drillout bi-center drill bit 10 must pass through.
  • the cutting elements 24 must be oriented on the pilot section 18 in a known manner with respect to the direction of scraping through the material being drilled. This is no problem for bi-center drill bits that do not drill the cement and related hardware out of the casing. However, when a drillout bi-center drill bit is drilling the cement and related hardware in the casing, some of the cutting elements 24 may be subjected to reverse scraping while rotating about the second center of rotation 34. Reverse scraping often causes rapid degradation of the cutting elements 24, and must be avoided.
  • the cutting elements 24 are typically polycrystalline diamond compact cutters or PDC.
  • a PDC is typically comprised of a facing table of diamond or other superhard substance bonded to a less hard substrate material, typically formed of but not limited to, tungsten carbide.
  • the PDC is then often attached by a method known as long substrate bonding to a post or cylinder for insertion into the bit body 12.
  • This PDC type of cutting element 24 is particularly sensitive to reverse scraping because loading from reverse scraping can easily destroy both the diamond table bonding and the long substrate bonding.
  • the cutting elements are typically configured with a single cutting surface, where the cutting surface is properly oriented to cut through material being drilled when the drill bit rotates around a first center of rotation, such as center of rotation 30, for example.
  • a first center of rotation such as center of rotation 30, for example.
  • the drillout bi-center drill bit 10 rotates around a second center of rotation, such as center of rotation 34, for example, the cutting surface of the cutting element is not properly oriented to optimally cut through the drilled material. That is, when the cutting element is configured with this single cutting surface, the drill bit is optimally utilized while drilling around the first center of rotation, but is not optimally positioned to cut material when the drill bit rotates around a second center of rotation.
  • the cutting element will undesirably wear at a faster rate when the drill bit is rotating around the center of rotation where the single cutting surface of the cutting element is not optimally positioned to cut material.
  • the life of the drill bit is undesirably shortened.
  • the distance D is the shortest linear distance between center of rotation 30 and center of rotation 34.
  • a first region 56 of the pilot section 18, centered about the first center of rotation 30, has a radius D.
  • a third region 60 of the pilot section 18 is formed by the intersection of the first region 56 and the second region 58. This iris shaped third region 60 is the critical area where reverse cutter scraping is possible.
  • FIG 4B a diagrammatic view of the positions of some of the cutting elements of a drillout bi-center drill bit similar to that of Figure 4A is shown.
  • Three cutting elements 72, 74, 76 ( Figures 5-7) of the present invention are shown in the iris shaped third region 60 between the drilling center of rotation 30 and the passthrough center of rotation 34.
  • Cutter 72 has two cutting faces 78, 80.
  • cutting face 80 of cutter 72 is properly oriented for cutting along the path indicated by arrow 82.
  • Cutting face 80 is generally oriented perpendicular to the direction of travel of the cutter 72 in this operating mode which is parallel to dashed line 86 passing through about the drilling center of rotation 30.
  • cutting face 78 of cutter 72 is properly oriented for cutting along the path indicated by arrow 84.
  • Cutting face 78 is generally oriented perpendicular to the direction of travel of the cutter 72 in this operating mode which is parallel to dashed line 88 passing through about the passthrough center of rotation 34
  • Cutter 72 may be formed of any material suitable for drilling earth formations. Since the wear rate of cutting elements near the center of the bit is generally low, cemented tungsten carbide may be suitable. It is understood that during drillout operation, only a small amount of wear is likely to occur on cutting face 78 of cutter 72. It would be expected that much more wear would occur on face 80 when the bit is drilling into the earth. If the wear rates are unacceptably high, the cutter 72 may be formed of an infiltrated material comprising metallic powders such as tungsten carbide mixed with diamond particles and a binder.
  • Cutter 74 operates in a manner similar to cutter 72, although as described later, cutter 74 is intended for much more abrasive drilling than cutter 72.
  • Cutter 74 has two cutting faces 90, 92.
  • cutting face 90 of cutter 74 is properly oriented for cutting along the path indicated by arrow 94.
  • Cutting face 90 is generally oriented perpendicular to the direction of travel of the cutter 74 in this operating mode which is parallel to dashed line 98 passing through about the drilling center of rotation 30.
  • cutting face 92 of cutter 74 is properly oriented for cutting along the path indicated by arrow 96.
  • Cutting face 92 is generally oriented perpendicular to the direction of travel of the cutter 74 in this operating mode which is parallel to dashed line 100 passing through about the passthrough center of rotation 34.
  • a PDC cutting element 102 is mounted on cutting face 92 a small distance 104 from the end 106 of cutter 74 exposed at the cutting face 17 of the drill out bi-center drill bit 10.
  • end 106 After drillout, the bit will then start drilling a full diameter hole in the earth.
  • end 106 of cutter 74 will wear rapidly, exposing the PDC element 102. Once this happens, the cutter will wear at a rate comparable to other PDC cutters near the center.
  • the PDC is attached to the cutter 76 by a method known as long substrate bonding.
  • the cutter 76 is then inserted into the bit body 12, which gives the PDCs an alternative orientation with respect to the center of rotation about which the drill bit 10 rotates.
  • cutters 72 and 74 will generally have different orientations of cutting faces 78, 80, 90, 92 depending where they are located within the iris shaped third region 60 between the drilling centre of rotation 30 and the passthrough centre of rotation 34. Although some mis-match of cutting faces 78, 80, 90, 92 would be tolerated, allowing some commonality of cutting face orientations, many different configurations of cutters 72 and 74 would still be necessary for most drillout bi-centre drill bits 10.
  • cutter 76 One alternate, a cone shaped cutter 76 suitable for very non-abrasive drilling conditions, is shown in Figure 7.
  • the side 108 is generally conic and terminates in a flat top 110 that is also exposed at the cutting face 117. Since these cutters 76 are symmetrical, they may be placed anywhere within the iris shaped third region 60 between the drilling centre of rotation 30 and the passthrough centre of rotation 34. In this cutter 76, the cutting edge 112 is the intersection of the side 108 and the flat top 110.
  • cutter 76 is suitable for non-abrasive drilling conditions.
  • FIG 8 Shown in Figure 8 is a particular bit configuration where the cutting functions for drillout and full diameter drilling are embodied in separate cutters.
  • Two cutting face sections 117 are shown on bit body 12.
  • a plurality of conventional cutters 24 is shown with arrows 114 indicating their rotation path about the drilling centre of rotation 30.
  • a plurality of cutters 116 (shown in Figure 9) have cutting faces 118 oriented for drilling out, with arrows 119 indicating their rotation path about the passthrough centre of rotation 34.
  • cutters 116 are orientated relatively further from the bit body 12 than the remainder of cutters 24 on the cutting face section 117 of the drillout bi-centre bit 10. Therefore the cutting faces 118 of cutters 116 will engage the drillout material and prevent damage to cutters 24 during drillout. Once drillout is complete, the cutters 116 will rapidly wear, allowing the cutters 24 to drill normally. The operation is therefore effectively the same as cutter 74.
  • Cutter 116 may be formed of any material suitable for drilling earth formations. However, similar to cutter 74, a cemented tungsten carbide material or an infiltrated material comprising metallic powders such as tungsten carbide mixed with diamond particles and a binder is suitable. In this embodiment and similar to cutters 72, 74 and 76 the cutter 116 is oriented as necessary then fixed into the bit body 12.
  • the bit body 12 is an infiltrated powdered metal matrix material.
  • the cutter 122 is formed as a bump in the matrix of the bit body 12.
  • the cutting face 118, and top 120, of cutter 122 function identically to cutter 116.
  • Cutter 122 is integral with the bit body. This method of construction of matrix drill bits is well known in the art. Accordingly, the specific details of such will not be disclosed herein to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the present invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Trépan de reforage bi-centré comprenant un corps de trépan (12) avec une première extrémité (14) destinée à être fixée de manière amovible sur un train de tiges, une section pilote (18) sur une deuxième extrémité opposée du corps du trépan et une section d'alésoir (20) entre les première et deuxième extrémités, la section pilote (18) comportant un premier centre de rotation de forage (30) et un deuxième centre de rotation de passage (34) espacé du premier centre de rotation (30) d'une distance non égale à zéro D, la section pilote (18) comportant en outre une première région (56) centrée autour du premier centre de rotation (30) et ayant un rayon D, une deuxième région (58) centrée autour du deuxième centre de rotation (34) et ayant un rayon D, et une troisième région (60) formée par l'intersection de la première région (56) et de la deuxième région, et caractérisé par un élément de coupe (72) fixé sur le corps du trépan dans la troisième région (60), l'élément de coupe (72) comportant une première face de coupe (80) orientée en général perpendiculairement à la direction du déplacement de l'élément de coupe autour du premier centre de rotation (30) de la section pilote et une deuxième face de coupe (78) orientée en général perpendiculairement à la direction du déplacement de l'élément de coupe autour du deuxième centre de rotation (34).
  2. Trépan selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'élément de coupe (72) est composé de carbure de tungstène cimenté.
  3. Trépan selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'élément de coupe (72) est composé d'un matériau infiltré comprenant des poudres métalliques mélangées avec des particules de diamant et un liant.
  4. Trépan selon la revendication 1, dans lequel un élément de coupe à diamant polycristallin compact est monté sur une des faces de coupe de l'élément de coupe (72).
  5. Trépan selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'élément de coupe (72) a en général une forme conique, les première et deuxième faces de coupe (78, 80) étant définies par des parties différentes d'une surface généralement conique de l'élément de coupe.
  6. Trépan de reforage bi-centré comprenant un corps de trépan (12) avec un axe longitudinal et une première extrémité (14) destinée à être fixée de manière amovible sur un train de tiges, une section pilote (18) sur une deuxième extrémité opposée du corps du trépan et une section d'alésoir (20) entre les première et deuxième extrémités, la section pilote (18) comportant un premier centre de rotation de forage (30) et un deuxième centre de rotation de passage (34) espacé du premier centre de rotation (30) d'une distance non égale à zéro D, la section pilote (18) comportant en outre une première région (56) centrée autour du premier centre de rotation (30) et ayant un rayon D, une deuxième région (58) centrée autour du deuxième centre de rotation (34) et ayant un rayon D, et une troisième région (60) formée par l'intersection de la première région (56) et de la deuxième région, et caractérisé par plusieurs premiers éléments de coupe (24) positionnés dans la troisième région (60), avec des faces de coupe superdures orientées en général perpendiculairement à la direction du déplacement de l'élément de coupe autour du premier centre de rotation (30), débordant d'une certaine distance du corps du trépan, et au moins un deuxième élément de coupe (116) sur le corps du trépan dans la troisième région (60) et débordant du corps du trépan d'une distance supérieure à la distance de débordement des premiers éléments de coupe (24), avec une face de coupe orientée en général perpendiculairement à la direction du déplacement du deuxième élément de coupe autour du deuxième centre de rotation.
  7. Trépan selon la revendication 6, dans lequel le ou chaque deuxième élément de coupe (116) est composé de carbure de tungstène cimenté.
  8. Trépan selon la revendication 6, dans lequel le ou chaque deuxième élément de coupe (116) est composé d'un matériau infiltré comprenant un mélange de poudres métalliques, de particules de diamant et un liant.
  9. Trépan selon la revendication 6, dans lequel le corps du trépan est composé d'une matrice de métal sous forme de poudre infiltré et est configuré de sorte à définir le ou chaque deuxième élément de coupe (116).
EP20010305833 2000-08-21 2001-07-05 Eléments de coupe multidirectionnels pour trépan de forage bi-central adapté pour forer un sabot de tubage Expired - Lifetime EP1182323B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US22704900P 2000-08-21 2000-08-21
US227049P 2000-08-21

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EP1182323A1 EP1182323A1 (fr) 2002-02-27
EP1182323B1 true EP1182323B1 (fr) 2003-09-10

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US (1) US20020020565A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1182323B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE60100727T2 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA200105680B (fr)

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CN105401885A (zh) * 2015-11-09 2016-03-16 重庆大学 一种适用于煤或软岩大孔径钻进的钻头
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DE60100727D1 (de) 2003-10-16
US20020020565A1 (en) 2002-02-21
EP1182323A1 (fr) 2002-02-27
ZA200105680B (en) 2002-02-06
DE60100727T2 (de) 2004-07-22

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