EP1173299A1 - Procede automatise et dispositif pour former un corps sans enlevement de copeaux - Google Patents

Procede automatise et dispositif pour former un corps sans enlevement de copeaux

Info

Publication number
EP1173299A1
EP1173299A1 EP00922653A EP00922653A EP1173299A1 EP 1173299 A1 EP1173299 A1 EP 1173299A1 EP 00922653 A EP00922653 A EP 00922653A EP 00922653 A EP00922653 A EP 00922653A EP 1173299 A1 EP1173299 A1 EP 1173299A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
side wall
thin
walled side
geometry
local
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP00922653A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Carsten DÜSTERHÖFT
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kastle Ulrike
Original Assignee
Kastle Ulrike
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE10000859A external-priority patent/DE10000859A1/de
Application filed by Kastle Ulrike filed Critical Kastle Ulrike
Publication of EP1173299A1 publication Critical patent/EP1173299A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C67/00—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00
    • B29C67/0014—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00 for shaping tubes or blown tubular films
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/0042—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor without using a mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C49/64—Heating or cooling preforms, parisons or blown articles
    • B29C49/6409—Thermal conditioning of preforms
    • B29C49/6436—Thermal conditioning of preforms characterised by temperature differential
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C49/78—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C51/008—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor without using a mould, e.g. ballooning
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C51/10—Forming by pressure difference, e.g. vacuum
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C51/26—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C51/42—Heating or cooling
    • B29C51/421—Heating or cooling of preforms, specially adapted for thermoforming
    • B29C51/422—Heating or cooling of preforms, specially adapted for thermoforming to produce a temperature differential
    • B29C51/423—Heating or cooling of preforms, specially adapted for thermoforming to produce a temperature differential through the thickness of the preform
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C51/26—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C51/42—Heating or cooling
    • B29C51/426—Producing specific thermal regimes during thermoforming to obtain particular properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C51/26—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C51/46—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
    • B29C35/0805—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
    • B29C2035/0838—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation using laser
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C49/78—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2049/788—Controller type or interface
    • B29C2049/78805—Computer or PLC control
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2791/00—Shaping characteristics in general
    • B29C2791/004—Shaping under special conditions
    • B29C2791/007—Using fluid under pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C49/78—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C49/783—Measuring, controlling or regulating blowing pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/712—Containers; Packaging elements or accessories, Packages
    • B29L2031/7158—Bottles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an automated method for the chipless shaping of a thin-walled side wall of a body and a device for carrying out the method.
  • a method for non-cutting shaping of a thin-walled side wall of a body is known from JP 08001760 A.
  • the body to be formed is a hollow body, which is closed except for an opening arranged at the end.
  • the hollow body is fastened with its end receiving the opening in a fastening device.
  • the entire hollow body is heated until it is highly malleable.
  • a fluid is blown into the hollow body through the opening.
  • the end of the hollow body facing away from the opening is moved by means of a pull rod and a push rod until the hollow body has the desired final shape.
  • the distribution of the energy can only be roughly controlled, which is not sufficient for producing fine and exact contours. It is not possible to produce a wall thickness of the body produced that is defined as a function of location.
  • Another method for non-cutting shaping of a thin-walled side wall of a body is known as blow molding without a counterform.
  • the body to be deformed is clamped in a clamping frame and heated evenly.
  • An excess pressure is generated within the stenter so that the entire thin-walled body is curved outwards.
  • the resulting contour for example a dome, always has the same shape.
  • the distribution of the energy can only be roughly controlled, which is not sufficient for producing fine and exact contours. It is not possible to produce a wall thickness of the body that is defined as a function of the location.
  • Another method for chipless forming of a thin-walled side wall of a body is known as glass blowing.
  • the hollow body made of glass is heated with a flame in large areas of its surface until the desired formability is achieved.
  • the glassblower then applies air pressure to the hollow body from the inside by blowing into the hollow body.
  • the achievable accuracy of the forming depends very much on the skill of the glassblower. Deviations from the target geometry of the body are not measured exactly, but only roughly estimated. In particular, the production of precise 3D free-form surfaces creates enormous difficulties. The measurable verification of the result is not possible. As a result, no exact corrections can be made.
  • Another disadvantage of manual work is that the precise production of a locally defined wall thickness of the body produced is not possible. The material thickness of the blown hollow body can not be controlled depending on the surface coordinate, but must be accepted as it results from the forming process.
  • blowing processes for the chipless shaping of a thin-walled side wall of a body are known.
  • the blow molding machine used for this must be specially set up to generate a certain geometry of the body.
  • the processes are only suitable for glass and thermoplastics. It is not possible to produce a wall thickness of the body produced that is defined as a function of the location.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method and an apparatus for non-cutting forming a thin-walled side wall of a body, with which a flexible, economical, automated production of bodies in small series is possible.
  • the desired geometry of the thin-walled side wall of the body is first specified in an electronic data model.
  • the actual geometry of the thin-walled side wall of the body to be reshaped is also detected automatically and stored in an electronic data module.
  • the target-actual deviation is calculated from the comparison of the detected actual geometry with the predetermined target geometry of the thin-walled side wall of the body, and local deformation areas in which the target-actual deviation exceeds a predetermined limit value are determined.
  • a location-dependent energy profile is calculated in the local forming areas using numerical methods.
  • One side of the thin-walled side wall of the body is subjected to a defined pressure.
  • the formability of the thin-walled side wall of the body is increased in a defined, automated manner in the local forming areas by a defined supply of energy in the local forming areas according to the calculated location-dependent energy profile, the thin-walled side wall of the body is reshaped in the local reshaping areas due to its defined increased reshapeability and the one-sided application of pressure.
  • the starting point of the automated process is the existence of an electronic data model of the body.
  • it can be CAD or image data of the finished end product.
  • the desired target geometry of the body is achieved by step-by-step reshaping of the starting body, in that the deformability of the thin-walled side wall of the body is increased in a defined manner in one or more local reshaping regions.
  • a local forming area in which the formability has been increased is a small sub-area in which the calculated, location-dependent temperature profile has been introduced.
  • Several local forming areas can also jointly form a global forming area which has an inhomogeneous temperature profile.
  • the local forming areas themselves can also have an inhomogeneous temperature profile.
  • the thin-walled side wall can be an outer wall or an inner wall of the body. Due to the pressure difference between the side of the side wall of the body which is acted upon by the pressure medium and the other side of the body of the body which is acted upon by ambient pressure, the thin-walled side wall of the body is reshaped with a sufficiently large formability or elastic-plastic deformability. Local forming areas are calculated in which the target-actual deviation exceeds a predetermined limit. The energy profile to be applied and the required pressure difference are calculated within these forming areas. These state parameters can be determined by solving the corresponding continuum mechanical differential equations using numerical methods. Other calculation methods, such as fuzzy logic, neural networks and the like. Like., Are also applicable and well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the new process can be one-step in the sense that everyone Area of the side wall of the body is reshaped only once.
  • a multi-stage, ie iterative, method is preferred, in which at least the automated detection of the actual geometry of the thin-walled side wall of the body is repeated after the first shaping step becomes. If a subsequent calculation of a still existing target / actual deviation from the comparison of the actual geometry now recorded with the predetermined target geometry of the thin-walled side wall of the body proves compliance with the predetermined limit value, the method can be ended. However, if the limit value is at least occasionally exceeded, the local forming areas in which the target / actual deviation exceeds a predetermined limit value must be determined again and subjected to a further forming step.
  • the cheeks already have the desired geometry, but the eyes, mouth, nose and chin still have to be reshaped. Then the face forms the global reshaping area, and the areas mentioned eyes, mouth, nose, chin are the local reshaping areas. In order to shape the nose, you also need an inhomogeneous temperature profile. If the actual geometry does not yet correspond to the target geometry, the face of the doll's head as a whole still has to be machined, with an inhomogeneous temperature profile.
  • the body can be reshaped without using a mold. This is particularly useful for small series or individual products.
  • the absence of a mold has the great advantage that set-up times are minimized and there are no additional costs for mold construction.
  • the side of the thin-walled side wall of the body can be pressurized with compressed air of defined pressure or with a hydraulic medium, preferably hydraulic oil.
  • the hydraulic pressurization has the advantage that the body can be heated to a basic temperature by the hydraulic medium and the forming area of the body cools down more quickly.
  • the pressure applied to the thin-walled side wall of the body can be constant. This has the advantage that only the selection of the forming area and the duration of action or intensity of the energy supply remain as parameters, while the pressure remains unchanged. For example, it is advisable to use the same pressure for the same materials. It is also possible to use different pressures for different materials of the body depending on the formability of the respective material. A higher pressure is suitable for processing metals than is the case with plastics. It is also feasible to vary the pressure as a further parameter during the forming process.
  • the actual geometry of the thin-walled side wall of the body can be recorded continuously and the energy supply can be regulated as a function thereof.
  • An energy profile to be applied is determined in intervals, which increases the deformability of the thin-walled side wall of the body in the local deformation region in a defined manner. This makes it possible to achieve high accuracy in the shaping of the thin-walled side wall of the body. In this way, a smaller amount of energy than initially calculated can be applied in the local forming area to be machined, and the resulting deformation can be recorded and measured.
  • the required increase in the formability of the body is determined. This process is repeated until the target-actual deviation no longer exceeds the predetermined limit.
  • the location-dependent energy profile can be recalculated for each forming step in the local forming areas and applied accordingly to the body. This results in a particularly precise achievement of the desired reshaping of the body.
  • the wall thickness of the side wall of the body can be varied by carefully selecting the local deformation area. Among other things, this means that the wall thickness of the body is not necessarily constant over the entire surface of the body. In this way, one and the same outer geometry of the body can be achieved by using different local deformation areas, the wall thickness of the side wall of one body then being designed differently than the wall thickness of the other body. Varying the wall thickness of the side wall of the body is particularly useful if an increased wall thickness is required in certain areas for structural reinforcement of the body or of the component. However, the entire body does not have to have this wall thickness for this. This results in an advantageous reduction in the mass or weight of the body.
  • the energy can be supplied according to the calculated location-dependent energy profile defined by a laser beam.
  • a laser beam can be controlled particularly well, so that the surface of the thin-walled side wall of the body is scanned into the desired forming area.
  • the laser beam has the desired accuracy and a precise possibility of dosing the intensity of the energy supply. Due to the very local energy input, very narrow energy profiles and thus very fine contours can be generated with the laser beam. In principle, however, it is also possible to use another energy source for the energy supply. For example, a radiant heater can be used.
  • the formability of the thin-walled side wall of the body can be varied by varying the duration of action, intensity, pulse width or focus size of the laser beam. Ultimately, it is important that the deformability is influenced in a defined manner, so that the most accurate and predictable deformation results in the deformation region of the body.
  • the local deformation areas can be cooled after the desired deformation of the thin-walled side wall of the body has been reached.
  • the processing time required for shaping the body is reduced.
  • the new process can also be called the FDS process (Flexible Direct Shaping).
  • FDS process Flexible Direct Shaping
  • the process offers a multitude of advantages: all bodies can be manufactured with great dimensional accuracy, defined wall thickness and high quality. These quantities can be measured and controlled with high accuracy.
  • the manufacturing process is greatly accelerated because functional products are immediately available. Every body can be produced immediately and without major preparations if an electronic data model is available.
  • An enormous cost saving is achieved, especially in the production of individual products, one-off productions as well as in small and medium series, since no complex molds have to be made.
  • An enormous saving of time is achieved because the more complicated the body to be manufactured, for example a prosthesis, the faster the process compared to known manufacturing processes. The manufacturing times are almost independent of the size of your body.
  • the processing time of a body or workpiece mainly depends on how similar the initial shape of the blank is to the body to be produced.
  • the FDS process is basically suitable for all formable materials. Bodies composed of different, formable materials can also be processed. Any initial shapes can be processed, whereby prefabricated mold surfaces and other workpieces (ribs, etc.) can remain unchanged. Only those areas in which the target geometry and the actual geometry do not yet match need to be reshaped.
  • the integration of other standard components is also possible. Particularly complicated, angled molded parts, e.g. B. undercuts can be made from one piece. In most cases, the following processing steps (joining of half-shells, etc.) are not necessary. Already manufactured bodies can be changed quickly.
  • An existing and already used body can be reshaped just like any blank. Old bodies can be reused, standard blanks can be quickly adapted and changed to individual requirements. Due to the fact that the method works without contact, there is no wear on tools. The use of lubricants or the like is not necessary.
  • the advantages of the FDS process are mainly in the area of small and medium series production as well as the production of individual products. The process does not make the production of individual products much more complex than that of comparable standard products. Instead of using different molding tools, the existence of a data model is sufficient to produce a product directly using the FDS process. The mere production time for an individual product, depending on the extent of the forming work to be carried out, takes only a few seconds to a few minutes. This reduces manufacturing costs and comparable to those of known methods.
  • the device for non-cutting reshaping of a thin-walled side wall of a body has a geometry detection unit for automated detection of the actual geometry of the thin-walled side wall of the body.
  • An electronic computer for specifying the target geometry of the thin-walled side wall of the body in an electronic data model, for calculating the target-actual deviation from the comparison of the detected actual geometry with the specified target geometry of the thin-walled side wall of the body, for determining There are local deformation areas in which the target / actual deviation exceeds a predetermined limit value and in order to calculate a location-dependent energy profile in the local deformation areas.
  • a controllable pressure device is used to apply a defined pressure to one side of the thin-walled side wall of the body.
  • a device serves for the defined automated increase in the formability of the thin-walled side wall of the body in the local forming areas by means of a defined energy supply in the local forming areas depending on the calculated target / actual deviation, the thin-walled side wall of the body in the local forming areas due to its defines increased formability and the one-sided exposure to pressure.
  • the geometry detection unit for the automatic detection of the actual geometry of the thin-walled side wall of the body in an electronic data model serves to determine the existing geometry of the body or workpiece in order to determine the process steps to be carried out. The accuracy of the contour data, the speed of data acquisition and the completeness of the acquired data are particularly important.
  • the pressure device can be a compressed air device. However, a pressure device working with a hydraulic medium can also be used.
  • the actual geometry of the thin-walled side wall of the body can be determined using a 3D object measurement system.
  • the SD object measurement system includes a digital camera and corresponding control devices and the associated software. As an alternative to object measurement with a digital camera, it is also possible to use ultrasound, radar, lidar and other distance sensors.
  • a cooling device can be provided for cooling the local shaping regions after the desired shaping of the thin-walled side wall of the body has been achieved. Due to the faster cooling of the body in the previously heated forming area, the processing time required for the forming of the body can be reduced further.
  • the body and / or the device can be moved to increase the deformability in a defined, automated manner. It must be ensured that every point to be manipulated on the thin-walled side wall of the body is accessible for the supply of energy.
  • the device for the defined increase in formability can be a laser.
  • the laser beam of the laser is then controlled in such a way that the location-dependent energy profile is introduced into the local deformation area of the body to be formed, for example by scanning with the laser beam or by means of a controllable micromirror system.
  • a localized hot air jet can also be used.
  • the entire forming process can be simulated by a computer-aided simulation. Based on the simulation, the parameters to be set, e.g.
  • Te - temperature, intensity of the energy source and pressure of the compressed air can be used, which allow the expansion of the body to be calculated with sufficient accuracy.
  • Other methods such as. B. fuzzy logic, neural networks, etc. can be used. All required material parameters, such as B. modulus of elasticity, temperature, etc., can be varied over the surface of the body.
  • the existing temperature profile of the material in the deformation area of the body can be detected and the required energy profile to be applied can be determined as a function thereof.
  • Robots and movement units are suitable for controlling the relative movement between workpiece and tool. If the body is a relatively flat molded body with only moderate accuracy that can be achieved, it may be sufficient to use a biaxial device for moving the energy supply.
  • the FDS system also has two axes for positioning the energy supply and an additional axis of rotation for rotating the body. For example, when using a laser for the energy supply, the laser beam can be directed to the desired location on the surface of the body to be processed by means of a rapidly rotating mirror. Ultimately, it is important that the calculated energy profile is applied with the required accuracy.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of an automated device for shaping a body before the beginning of the shaping process.
  • FIG. 2 shows the device according to FIG. 1 after shaping of a shaping area of the body.
  • FIG. 3 shows the device according to FIG. 1 when using a partial mold.
  • FIG. 4 shows the device according to FIG. 1 with a preformed molded part on an egg-shaped body.
  • FIG. 5 shows the device according to FIG. 4 with the formed one
  • Fig. 6 shows a second embodiment of the device with a plate-shaped body before it is formed.
  • FIG. 7 shows the device according to FIG. 6 with the deformed plate-shaped body.
  • FIG. 8 shows the deformation of a thin-walled side wall of the body with a defined wall thickness.
  • FIG. 9 shows a third embodiment of the device with a body with a double chamber before it is deformed.
  • FIG. 10 shows the device according to FIG. 9 with the deformed body.
  • 1 shows a first embodiment of a device 1 for the automated chipless shaping of a thin-walled side wall 2 of a body 3.
  • the body 3 is made of plastic. However, the body 3 could also be made of metal, glass, a composite material or an other formable material.
  • the device 1 has a geometry detection unit 4 for the automated detection of the it geometry of the thin-walled side wall 2 of the body 3 in an electronic data model.
  • An electronic computer 5 serves to specify the target geometry of the thin-walled side wall 2 of the body 3 in an electronic data model, to calculate the target-actual deviation from the comparison of the detected actual geometry and the predetermined target geometry of the thin-walled side wall 2 of the body 3, for determining local forming areas 6 (FIG. 2) in which the target actual deviation exceeds a predetermined limit value and for calculating an energy profile to be introduced in the local forming areas 6.
  • the device 1 has a clamping device 7 to clamp the body 3 on.
  • the clamping device 7 has a base plate 8 and a closure 9.
  • the interior of the body 3, here in the form of a hollow body, is connected to a controllable pressure device 26 in the form of a compressed air device 10 via the clamping device 7.
  • the controllable compressed air device 10 serves to pressurize the interior of the body 3 and the side wall 2 to be reshaped with pressure defined by compressed air.
  • a pressure device 26 working with a hydraulic medium could also be used instead.
  • the device 1 has a device 11 for the defined automated increase in the formability of the thin-walled side wall 2 of the body 3 in the local forming area 6 by means of a defined supply of energy in the local forming area 6 in accordance with the calculated location-dependent energy profile.
  • the device 11 is designed as a laser 12.
  • the desired geometry of the body 3 is shown in FIG given an electronic data model.
  • the target geometry can be generated from existing CAD data of the body 3 or can also be determined, for example, by measuring a model of the finished body 3.
  • the target geometry is stored in the electronic computer 5.
  • the blank or the body 3 to be machined is then clamped into the clamping device 7 and its actual geometry is measured by means of the geometry detection unit 4.
  • the geometry detection unit 4 is a 3D object measurement system 13, which records the geometry data of the body 3, as is symbolically represented by means of the rays 14.
  • the object measurement system 13 is connected to the electronic computer 5 in order to transmit the determined actual data of the body 3.
  • the data of the determined actual geometry are compared with the data of the predetermined target geometry of the finished body 3, and the target-actual deviation is calculated.
  • the local forming regions 6 are determined, in which the target-actual deviation exceeds a predetermined limit value. If the determined target / actual deviation does not exceed this limit value, no deformation of the thin-walled side wall 2 of the body 3 is necessary.
  • the electronic computer 5 calculates a location-dependent energy profile to be introduced in the local forming areas 6 using numerical methods. According to the calculated location-dependent energy profile, the deformability of the thin-walled side wall 2 of the body 3 in the local deformation regions 6 is increased in a defined manner by a defined supply of energy in the local deformation regions 6.
  • a laser beam 15 according to arrow 16 is moved along the surface of the body 3 to be machined by means of the laser 12 in such a way that the energy required for increasing the shapeability of the thin-walled side wall 2 of the body 3 is supplied to the corresponding shaping area 6 becomes.
  • the amount of energy or the degree of deformability of the body 3 is varied by varying the duration of action, intensity, pulse width or focus size of the laser beam 15. Because of the pressure
  • the side wall 2 of the body 3 to be reshaped by means of the compressed air device 10 then results in the desired reshaping of the body 3 exclusively in the current local reshaping area 6 in the direction of the lower pressure.
  • FIG. 2 The result of the reshaping in the local reshaping area 6 is shown in FIG. 2. It can be seen that the thin-walled side wall 2 of the body 3 was reshaped only in the reshaping area 6 of the body 3, in which a corresponding amount of energy was supplied by the laser 12 to increase the reshapability of the body 3. The other areas of the body 3 remained unchanged, but can be reshaped in further processing steps.
  • the partial mold 17 is brought into contact with the forming area 6 of the body 3. Then the outward pressure provided by the compressed air device 10 is brought to bear on the inner wall 2 of the body 3 in such a way that the extension 18 of the partial shape 17 produces the desired geometry in this area of the body 3.
  • the body 3 has a preformed molded part 19 which is already part of the starting blank.
  • FIG. 5 shows the body 3 according to FIG. 4 after the shaping in the shaping area 6.
  • the body 3 here is not a hollow body, but rather a flat plate shape.
  • the plate-shaped body 3 is clamped in a clamping device 20 with a pressure chamber 21.
  • the clamping device 20 has a base body 22 and a closure 23. In this embodiment too, there is a relative movement between the laser beam 15 and the base body 3 according to arrows
  • the laser beam 15 can basically reach almost all areas of the body 3.
  • FIG. 7 shows the body 3 according to FIG. 6 after the deformation has taken place in the deformation region 6.
  • the device 1 has two separate clamping devices 7 and separate compressed air devices 10, each of which is connected to the chambers of the body 3.
  • the two chambers of the body are separated by the thin-walled wall 2 of the body in the form of an inner wall.
  • the pressure within the two chambers of the body 3 is in each case greater than the ambient pressure. Due to the pressure conditions, the thin-walled inner wall 2 of the body 3 is stretched after the introduction of energy.
  • Geometry detection unit 14 beam

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé automatisé pour former sans enlèvement de copeaux une paroi latérale, de faible épaisseur, d'un corps, ainsi qu'un dispositif pour mettre en oeuvre ledit procédé. Ce procédé comprend les étapes suivantes: prédétermination de la géométrie prescrite de la paroi latérale (2), de faible épaisseur, du corps (3) dans un modèle de données électronique; détermination automatique de la géométrie réelle de la paroi latérale (2), de faible épaisseur, du corps (3) et mise en mémoire dans un modèle de données électronique; détermination de zones de formage localisées (6), dans lesquelles l'écart mentionné dépasse une valeur limite prédéterminée; et accroissement automatisé défini de l'aptitude au formage de la paroi latérale (2), de faible épaisseur, du corps (3) dans les zones de formage localisées (6) par apport défini d'énergie dans lesdites zones (6), selon le profil d'énergie calculé. La paroi latérale (2), de faible épaisseur, du corps (3) est formée dans les zones de formage localisées (6) sur la base de son aptitude au formage accrue de manière définie et de l'application d'air comprimé sur un seul côté.
EP00922653A 1999-04-23 2000-04-19 Procede automatise et dispositif pour former un corps sans enlevement de copeaux Withdrawn EP1173299A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19918424 1999-04-23
DE19918424 1999-04-23
DE10000859A DE10000859A1 (de) 1999-04-23 2000-01-12 Automatisiertes Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum spanlosen Umformen eines Körpers
DE10000859 2000-01-12
PCT/EP2000/003565 WO2000064608A1 (fr) 1999-04-23 2000-04-19 Procede automatise et dispositif pour former un corps sans enlevement de copeaux

Publications (1)

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EP1173299A1 true EP1173299A1 (fr) 2002-01-23

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EP00922653A Withdrawn EP1173299A1 (fr) 1999-04-23 2000-04-19 Procede automatise et dispositif pour former un corps sans enlevement de copeaux

Country Status (7)

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US (1) US20020062161A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1173299A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2002542079A (fr)
AU (1) AU4297000A (fr)
CA (1) CA2371199A1 (fr)
IL (1) IL146070A0 (fr)
WO (1) WO2000064608A1 (fr)

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GB2430437A (en) * 2005-09-27 2007-03-28 3M Innovative Properties Co Method of making a fluoropolymer
DE502006000908D1 (de) * 2006-03-17 2008-07-24 Hans Oxenfarth Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum lage- und winkelkompensierten Schweissen
FR2913210B1 (fr) 2007-03-02 2009-05-29 Sidel Participations Perfectionnements a la chauffe des matieres plastiques par rayonnement infrarouge
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JP6137614B2 (ja) 2012-05-14 2017-05-31 株式会社リコー 立体造形方法及び立体造形装置
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CN109571914B (zh) * 2019-01-29 2021-05-14 海安华驰塑业科技有限公司 一种具有温控功能的吹塑装置
IT202000025291A1 (it) * 2020-10-26 2022-04-26 Cms Spa Metodo di controllo e macchina termoformatrice
IT202100026990A1 (it) * 2021-10-20 2023-04-20 Cms Spa Metodo e sistema di termoformatura

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2371199A1 (fr) 2000-11-02
WO2000064608A1 (fr) 2000-11-02
AU4297000A (en) 2000-11-10
IL146070A0 (en) 2002-07-25
US20020062161A1 (en) 2002-05-23
JP2002542079A (ja) 2002-12-10

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