EP1166006A1 - Joining of reinforced thermoplastic pipe (rtp) for high pressure transportation applications - Google Patents

Joining of reinforced thermoplastic pipe (rtp) for high pressure transportation applications

Info

Publication number
EP1166006A1
EP1166006A1 EP20000907763 EP00907763A EP1166006A1 EP 1166006 A1 EP1166006 A1 EP 1166006A1 EP 20000907763 EP20000907763 EP 20000907763 EP 00907763 A EP00907763 A EP 00907763A EP 1166006 A1 EP1166006 A1 EP 1166006A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coupler
annular body
pipes
pipe
reinforced thermoplastic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP20000907763
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Alwin Fahrer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lattice Intellectual Property Ltd
Original Assignee
Lattice Intellectual Property Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lattice Intellectual Property Ltd filed Critical Lattice Intellectual Property Ltd
Publication of EP1166006A1 publication Critical patent/EP1166006A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/20—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools with direct contact, e.g. using "mirror"
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3404—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/342—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint comprising at least a single wire, e.g. in the form of a winding
    • B29C65/3432—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint comprising at least a single wire, e.g. in the form of a winding comprising several wires, e.g. in the form of several independent windings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/72—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by combined operations or combined techniques, e.g. welding and stitching
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/114—Single butt joints
    • B29C66/1142—Single butt to butt joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/32—Measures for keeping the burr form under control; Avoiding burr formation; Shaping the burr
    • B29C66/322—Providing cavities in the joined article to collect the burr
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5221—Joining tubular articles for forming coaxial connections, i.e. the tubular articles to be joined forming a zero angle relative to each other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5229—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5229—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket
    • B29C66/52295—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket said socket comprising reinforcements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5229—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket
    • B29C66/52298—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket said socket being composed by several elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L47/00—Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics
    • F16L47/02—Welded joints; Adhesive joints
    • F16L47/03—Welded joints with an electrical resistance incorporated in the joint
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/24—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools characterised by the means for heating the tool
    • B29C65/30—Electrical means
    • B29C65/305—Electrical means involving the use of cartridge heaters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3472—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3476—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint being metallic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7212—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the composition of the fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7232—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer
    • B29C66/72321—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer consisting of metals or their alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7232—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer
    • B29C66/72324—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer consisting of inorganic materials not provided for in B29C66/72321 - B29C66/72322
    • B29C66/72325—Ceramics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2009/00—Layered products

Definitions

  • RTP Reinforced thermoplastic pipe
  • Figure 1 is a new class of pipe that offers the corrosion resistance benefits of- polyethylene (PE) at pressures up to 100 bar whereas PE is limited to pressures below 7 bar.
  • PE polyethylene
  • RTP is manufactured by overwrapping a thermoplastic liner e.g. plain PE pipe with a high-strength fibre reinforced tape. An outer layer is extruded over the reinforcement surface to shield the fibres from damage.
  • RTP is manufactured in diameters of 4 inch to 20 inch, with service pressures ranging from 20 to 100 bar.
  • RTP is a corrosion resistant, flexible and lightweight material, which is easy to install and can be tailored to suit specific applications.
  • RTP material costs are higher than that of carbon steel pipe, the total costs of installing the flexible and lightweight RTP pipes are estimated to be at least competitive to that of installing carbon steel pipes, and are particularly so if the pipe is carrying aggressive products since the RTP pipes will not corrode, unlike carbon steel pipes. The durability of the pipe is expected to reduce operational costs.
  • the potential of RTP for oil and gas transmission applications is far reaching.
  • the material is particularly attractive in countries with oil or gas reserves in remote areas such as Canada and Russia.
  • the light weight of the material significantly reduces material transportation costs and installation times, allowing pipelines to be laid in areas with difficult access, such as mountainous or soft-soil locations.
  • the material minimises the environmental damage caused by pipeline installation as lengths of pipe can be easily manhandled and no heavy excavation or transport vehicles are required. This is particularly beneficial in sensitive ecosystems such as jungle and tundra.
  • Further savings can be achieved as the chemical resistance of RTP allows the transport of highly corrosive gases and/or liquids, so treatment equipment is not necessarily required.
  • the chemical resistance means that, unlike steel pipelines, there is no need for coating or cathodic protection. The required inspection periods are minimised and the repair costs of the pipeline reduced, thereby significantly reducing the operational costs compared to steel pipelines.
  • RTP has generated a large amount of interest from industry over recent years, one of the main concerns regarding this type of pipe material is the availability of a cheap and reliable jointing method.
  • the high service pressure of RTP up to 100 bar
  • the latter is a problem if the pressuring medium is a gas, as on de-pressurisation this pressure may separate the surrounding pipe-wall material, which can cause blistering (A) , partial collapse (B) or a combination of the two.
  • the present invention provides a RTP joint that is cheaper to manufacture, is easier to assemble and has a guaranteed leak- tight seal that prevents ingress of the pressuring medium in the reinforcement.
  • This invention develops an invention disclosed in GB 2280145A which describes a method of butt joining of fibre reinforced thermoplastic pipes. Although this butt -weld ensures that there is a leak-tight seal between the two reinforced thermoplastic pipe ends, this method does not result in a joint that can cope with service pressure up to 100 bar. Such high pressures induce high axial and circumferential stresses in the joint, causing the- joint to fail.
  • an electrofusion coupler suitable for joining the end of one reinforced thermoplastic pipe to the substantially adjacent and substantially axially aligned end of another reinforced thermoplastic pipe, the electrofusion coupler comprising an annular body to surround the adjacent ends of the pipes to be joined and heating means to weld the inside surface of the annular body of the electrofusion coupler to the plastics material of the outside surfaces of the reinforced thermoplastic pipes, wherein the electrofusion coupler is provided with axial reinforcing means .
  • the reinforcing means prevents or reduces the likelihood of the coupler being split or cracked by axial and circumferential stresses along the joint. This reduces the likelihood of an environmentally damaging, expensive and inconvenient pipeline burst.
  • the reinforcing means preferably engages the coupler at at least two points spaced axially along the length of the coupler.
  • the two points may be the axial ends of the coupler.
  • the reinforcing means may, for example, be one or more reinforcing meshes along at least part of the axial length of the coupler and which may or may not be integral with the coupler, a sleeve surrounding the coupler and arranged to engage the axial ends of the coupler or any of the examples described in the following description.
  • the adjacent and substantially axially aligned ends of the reinforced thermoplastic pipes are preferably butt welded to each other before the electrofusion coupler surrounds the adjacent ends of the pipes. This prevents fluids from inside the pipe from penetrating fibres of the RTP thus degrading the fibres by diffusion along the fibre path possibly causing the pipe to fail.
  • FIG 1 shows the structure of a typical reinforced thermoplastic pipe (RTP) ;
  • Figure 2 shows the result of the contained pressurised medium contacting the reinforcement fibres of a reinforced thermoplastic pipe
  • FIGS 3 to 6 show various stages of joining two reinforced thermoplastic pipes together
  • Figure 7 shows on a larger scale the zone of the joint shown in Figure 4 ;
  • Figures 8 and 9 show alternative embodiments of the reinforcing means.
  • Figure 3 shows two reinforced thermoplastic pipes 10, 12 which are to be joined by a butt fused welded joint.
  • One pipe 12 has an electrofusion coupler 14 encircling the pipe 12.
  • the coupler 14 fits loosely around the pipe 12, with a diametric clearance 16 being shown.
  • the coupler 14 carries a heating means which in this example is an electrical element embedded in the thermoplastic wall of the coupler comprising two groups 18, 20 of windings surrounding the pipe 12.
  • the heating element is connected to terminals (not shown) to supply electrical energy to the windings 18,20.
  • the coupler 14 is provided with a reinforcing means along its axial length which in this case is a sleeve 22 having a flange 24 at each axial end arranged to engage the axial ends of the coupler 14.
  • the reinforcing means in this example is made of steel but could be made of any suitable reinforcing material such as composite, plastic or ceramic.
  • the reinforcing means is applied to the coupler 14 by first positioning the cylindrical sleeve 22 over the electrofusion coupler 14, positioning the annular flanges 24 on either side of the sleeve 22 and securing the flanges 24 to the axial ends of the sleeve 22 in this case with studs which are not shown.
  • Each pipe 10, 12 in this example comprises an inner pipe 30 of thermoplastic material having an inside surface 32; a layer or layers of reinforcement fibres 34 wound around the inner pipe 30 or extending longitudinally down the pipe 30; and an external layer of thermoplastic material 36, which has been added to the inner pipe 30 following application of the layer or layers 34.
  • the external layer 36 has an outside surface 38.
  • Each pipe 10, 12 thus has a pipe wall between the inside surface 32 and the outside surface 38.
  • the pipes 10, 12 are held against the heater plate for a heat- soak period. Next, the pipes 10, 12 are retracted from the plate, the plate is removed and the pipes 10, 12 are brought together under an axial load. Molten material from the end portions of the pipes 10, 12 is upset, involving inward and outward flow of thermoplastic material to form final internal and external beads 50, 52 shown in Figures 4 and 7. The pipes 10, 12 are allowed to cool, the axial force being removed during the final stage of cooling although the pipes 10, 12 are constrained against axial separating movement ( Figure 4 ) .
  • each reinforcement layer 34 of each pipe 10, 12 is wholly or primarily displaced outwardly at 58 by the outward flow of thermoplastic material from its original position as shown in Figure 7.
  • the result is that, at the welded joint, there is a layer 60 of thermoplastic material adjoining the common inside surface 32 which is free from reinforcement fibres.
  • the external bead 52 is removed ( Figure 5) and the electrofusion coupler 14 is centralised over the butt fused welded joint by sliding it along the pipe 12 until it half covers the pipe 10 and half covers the pipe 12.
  • the terminals are connected to a source of electrical energy and current is passed through the heating element for a sufficient time for the coupler 14 to become welded by electrofusion to the outside surfaces of the end portions of the pipes 10, 12 as shown in Figure 6.
  • a small central zone, between the group 18 of windings and the group 20 of windings, is not fused and contains the stub of the external bead 52.
  • the external layer of thermoplastic material 36 and the layer or layers of reinforcement fibres 34 may be cut back from the ends of the pipes 10, 12 to be joined leaving the inner pipe 30 to protrude. When the ends of the pipes 10, 12 are then butt welded together there is then no or negligible flow of reinforcement fibre.
  • joints have been made between pipes of polyethylene reinforced with aramid fibres.
  • the pipes were 125 millimetres in outside diameter and had a wall thickness of 11.5 millimetres.
  • the internal and external beads were 11 millimetres wide (ie measured parallel to the length of the pipe) and 5 millimetres high (ie measured radially with respect to the pipe) . In other examples, the internal and external beads were very small, being 3 millimetres wide and 2 millimetres high.
  • the inner pipe 30 and the external layer 36 were of the same grade of polyethylene.
  • the inner pipe 30 and the external layer 36 can be composed of the same or different grades of the same thermoplastic material or be composed of the same or different thermoplastic materials.
  • the larger beads are preferred where it is necessary to perform quality control checks on the performance and consistency of the butt weld, the bead being readily removed for inspection.
  • very small beads are advantageous because the internal bead does not impede the flow of product as much as the larger bead.
  • any size of bead could be produced depending on the engineering requirements.
  • the invention is applicable to a wide range of pipe sizes and SDRs, the examples quoted are given purely as examples .
  • the flow of molten pipe material during the making of the butt fused welded joint ensures that there is a layer 60, which is free from reinforcement fibres, which is at approximately the same thickness as the thickness of the original inner tube 30. Consequently aggressive chemicals or fluids flowing in the pipe, which may be under a pressure of, for example, 25 bar are kept away from the highly stressed fibre reinforcement.
  • the weld interface is weakened, resulting in the risk of brittle fracture from axial or bending loads on the pipe were it not for the use of the axially reinforced electrofusion coupler 14.
  • the electrofusion coupler 14 is fusion welded over the butt welded joint and the reinforcement means, in this case the sleeve 22 and flanges 24, provide considerable axial strength to the joint.
  • the coupler 14 and reinforcement means 22,24 reduce the risk of the butt joint breaking in service and also protect the fibres protruding to or close to the external surface of the debeaded butt joint from the external environment. If access to the fibres was permitted, pressurised gases and liquids would permeate considerable distances along the fibres by capillary action. High pressure gas within the fibres could lead to disbonding along the reinforced layer. This could result in bursting the outer layer of the pipe or, in the event of pipeline depressurisation, collapse of the inner pipe 30.
  • two or more, but preferably an odd number of axially aligned electrofusion couplers 14 could be butt- welded together in series with a suitable length reinforcing sleeve 22 applied to provide an even stronger joint.
  • a joint was made as described above by butt welding two adjacent axially aligned reinforced thermoplastic pipes, removing the external bead and positioning a series of three axially aligned electrofusion couplers that are butt welded together over the pipe joint. The electrofusion couplers are then energised and fused to the pipes over the joint. A metal sleeve was then positioned over the series of electrofusion couplers, flanges positioned either side of the metal sleeves and the flanges secured to the metal sleeve by studs. The open end of each pipe was blocked with a closure means threaded onto the open end of each pipe to form a vessel.
  • the reinforcing means 22 need not necessarily be a sleeve as in the above examples which is preferable because it can handle all axial and circumferential loading due to internal pressures, but could also be for example a mesh or a cage made from, for example, metal such as steel, plastic such as tape, composite or ceramic.
  • the electrofusion coupler 14 was reinforced with a reinforcing mesh 62 acting as the reinforcing means inside the plastics material forming the electrofusion coupler 14.
  • the mesh 62 could be secured to the outside of the electrofusion coupler at points separated along the axial length of the coupler.
  • a bracket in this case in the form of a ring 64, was placed at each axial end of the electrofusion coupler 14 and a securing means, in this case a series of two or more circumferentially spaced rods 66 are provided to hold the brackets so that they engage the coupler 14 at its axial ends to prevent the coupler from splitting under axial stress.
  • the rods 66 are made from metal and have screw threads at each end which are arranged when in use to extend through correspondingly sized holes in the ring upon which nuts 68 are secured to keep the rings tight against the coupler 14.
  • the electrofusion coupler 14 could be reinforced with one or more elongate wound thermoplastic filaments which could be arranged axially inside the coupling 14 when it is made or which could be secured to the outside of the coupling at two or more axially spaced positions.
  • the present invention is not limited to the examples described above, but is applicable to any reinforcing means which prevents or reduces the liklihood of the electrofusion coupler from splitting under axial pressure.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Branch Pipes, Bends, And The Like (AREA)
EP20000907763 1999-03-17 2000-03-02 Joining of reinforced thermoplastic pipe (rtp) for high pressure transportation applications Withdrawn EP1166006A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9906057A GB9906057D0 (en) 1999-03-17 1999-03-17 Joining pipes
GB9906057 1999-03-17
PCT/GB2000/000742 WO2000055538A1 (en) 1999-03-17 2000-03-02 Joining of reinforced thermoplastic pipe (rtp) for high pressure transportation applications

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1166006A1 true EP1166006A1 (en) 2002-01-02

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EP20000907763 Withdrawn EP1166006A1 (en) 1999-03-17 2000-03-02 Joining of reinforced thermoplastic pipe (rtp) for high pressure transportation applications

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EP (1) EP1166006A1 (es)
JP (1) JP2002539398A (es)
AR (1) AR018226A1 (es)
AU (1) AU755988B2 (es)
BR (1) BR0009059A (es)
CA (1) CA2365867A1 (es)
GB (2) GB9906057D0 (es)
WO (1) WO2000055538A1 (es)

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Publication number Publication date
CA2365867A1 (en) 2000-09-21
GB0004944D0 (en) 2000-04-19
GB2347892B (en) 2003-04-09
JP2002539398A (ja) 2002-11-19
AU755988B2 (en) 2003-01-02
AU2924000A (en) 2000-10-04
GB9906057D0 (en) 1999-05-12
BR0009059A (pt) 2002-04-09
WO2000055538A1 (en) 2000-09-21
AR018226A1 (es) 2001-10-31
GB2347892A (en) 2000-09-20

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