Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
  • A61K31/715—Polysaccharides, i.e. having more than five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic linkages; Derivatives thereof, e.g. ethers, esters
  • A61K31/726—Glycosaminoglycans, i.e. mucopolysaccharides
  • A61K31/727—Heparin; Heparan
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
  • A61K38/02—Peptides of undefined number of amino acids; Derivatives thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
  • A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
  • A61K31/42—Oxazoles
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/60—Salicylic acid; Derivatives thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
  • A61K31/715—Polysaccharides, i.e. having more than five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic linkages; Derivatives thereof, e.g. ethers, esters
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
  • A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
  • A61K38/43—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Derivatives thereof
  • A61K38/46—Hydrolases (3)
  • A61K38/48—Hydrolases (3) acting on peptide bonds (3.4)
  • A61K38/49—Urokinase; Tissue plasminogen activator
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
  • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
  • A61P7/02—Antithrombotic agents; Anticoagulants; Platelet aggregation inhibitors
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
  • A61P9/04—Inotropic agents, i.e. stimulants of cardiac contraction; Drugs for heart failure
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
  • A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
  • A61P9/12—Antihypertensives

Definitions

• This invention relates to the treatment of thrombosis in mammals and more particularly to such treatment by the administration of a combination of (i) a Factor Xa inhibitor, and (II) a compound selected from the group consisting of aspirin, TPA, GPIIb/IIIa antagonist, low molecular weight heparin and heparin, wherein the dose administered for at least one of (i) and (ii) is a subtherapeutic dose.
• the selected class of Factor Xa inhibitors and the selected class of aspirin, GPIIb/IIIa antagonist, tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) , low-molecular-weight-heparin and heparin are essential as component parts of the novel compositions of this invention.
• Aspirin and GPIIb/IIIa antagonists are known in the art as antiplatelet agents.
• Tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) is known as a thrombolytic agent.
• Low-molecular-weight heparin and heparin are known as anticoagulants .
• Factor Xa is a blood coagulation protein.
• peptide Factor Xa inhibitors are antistasin and tick anticoagulant peptide, and nonpeptide Factor Xa inhibitors are described in W098/2326, Thro b Haemost 1994; 71: 314-9, Thromb Haemost 1994; 72:393-6, and Thromb
• One object of the present invention is to provide a method of treating thrombosis in a mammal comprising: administering to said mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a combination of (i) a Factor Xa inhibitor, and (ii) a compound selected from the group consisting of aspirin, TPA a GPIIb/IIIa antagonist, low molecular weight heparin and heparin, wherein the dose administered for at least one of (i) and (ii) is a subtherapeutic dose.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of treating thrombosis in a mammal wherein the combination of (i) and (ii) above are administered in amounts to provide a synergistic effect.
• Fig. 1 is a graph showing carotid blood flow versus time for saline vehicle, aspirin alone, a Factor Xa inhibitor alone, and a combination of aspirin and the same Factor Xa inhibitor;
• Fig. 2 is a graph showing carotid blood flow versus time for saline vehicle, a GPIIb/IIIa antagonist alone, a Factor Xa inhibitor alone, and a combination of the same Ilb/IIIa antagonist and Factor X inhibitor;
• Fig. 3 is a graph showing carotid blood flow versus time for saline vehicle, fragmin, a Factor Xa inhibitor, and a combination of fragmin and the same Factor Xa inhibitor;
• Fig. 4 is a bar chart showing the duration of patency for saline vehicle, a Factor Xa inhibitor alone, TPA alone, and a combination of the same TPA and Factor Xa inhibitor;
• Fig. 5 is a bar chart showing the antithrombotic effect of a saline vehicle and heparin alone, and a combination of heparin with 3 different doses of a Factor Xa inhibitor.
• the combinations of active compounds (i) and (ii) of this invention are useful in the treatment of thrombotic disorders including atherosclerotic arterial disease, valvular heart disease, heart failure, cerebrovascular disease such as stroke, atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease such as myocardial infarction and unstable angina, coronary artery bypass grafts, peripheral vascular disease, thromboembolic complications of prosthetic cardiovascular devices such heart valves and vascular grafts and deep vein thrombosis following major orthopaedic surgery, major fractures and/or abdominal surgery.
• thromboembolic complications of prosthetic cardiovascular devices such heart valves and vascular grafts and deep vein thrombosis following major orthopaedic surgery, major fractures and/or abdominal surgery.
• endovascular stenting procedures such as percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty to prevent subsequent arterial thrombus formation and reocclusion.
• Factor Xa inhibitor compounds (i) useful in the present invention are well-known in the prior art. Preferred Factor Xa inhibitors are described in PCT Pat. Appln. No. US97/22895, filed December 15, 1997; published July 2, 1998, as W098/28269, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. Specifically preferred compounds within W098/28269 are: Compound (1) :
• DX-9065a Another Factor Xa inhibitor compound is DX-9065a described in Thromb Haemost 1994; 71:314-9; and Thromb Haemost 1994; 72:393-6.
• DX-9065a is (+) -2S-2 [4- [ [ (3S) -1- acetimidoyl-3-pyrrolidinyl] oxy] phenyl] -3- [7-amidino-2- naphthyl] propanoic acid hydrochloride pentahydrate .
• a still further Factor Xa inhibitor compound is YM-60828 described in Thromb Haemost 1998; 79:859-64.
• YM-60828 is [N- [4- [ ( 1-acetimidoyl-4-piperidyl) oxy] phenyl] -N- [ (7- amidino-2-naphthyl) methyl] sulfamoyl] acetic acid dihydrochloride .
• Other Factor Xa inhibitor compounds will be readily known by those skilled in the art.
• the compounds (ii) useful in the combination of the present invention are either commercially available and/or well-known in the prior art. Aspirin, fragmin (Pharmacia AB, Sweden) , heparin (Upjohn, Kalamazoo,
• Fragmin is a low molecular weight heparin. It is isolated from standard heparin with a mean molecular weight of 4.5 kDa whereas standard heparin has a molecular weight of 750 to 1000 kDa. Low-molecular- weight heparin such as fragmin differs from heparin in both their pharmacokinetic properties and mechanism of action.
• the potency for fragmin is expressed in unit of anti-Factor Xa activity. Each mg of fragmin has about 150 U of anti- Factor Xa activity.
• Preferred GPIIb/IIIa antagonist compounds useful as component (ii) of the combination are described in published PCT Application W095/14683, published 1 June 1995, as the second embodiment. Preferred compounds described therein have the formula:
• Z is selected from a bond, 0, or S
• R2 and R3 are independently selected from: H; C1-C6 alkyl; C7-C11 arylalkyl optionally substituted with 0-3 groups selected from hydroxy, halogen, C1-C6 alkoxy, C1-C6 alkyl, CF3, S(0)mCH3, -N(CH3)2, C1-C4 haloalkyl, methylenedioxydiyl, ethylenedioxydiyl; (C1-C10 alkoxy) carbonyl; aryl(Cl-C10 alkoxy) carbonyl where the aryl group is optionally substituted with 0-3 groups selected from hydroxy, halogen, C1-C6 alkoxy, C1-C6 alkyl, CF3, S(0)mCH3, -N(CH3)2, C1-C4 haloalkyl, methylenedioxydiyl, ethylenedioxydiyl; or heteroaryl (C1-C5) alkyl where the heteroaryl group
• V is selected from:
• X is -C(R 4 ) (R 8 )-CHR 4a -;
• R 4 is selected from H, C1-C10 alkyl, C1-C10 alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl, cycloalkyl, or cycloalkylalkyl;
• R 4a is selected from hydroxy, C1-C10 alkoxy, nitro, - N(R 5 )R 5a , -N(R 12 )R 13 , or -N(R 16 )R 17 , aryl substituted with 0-3 R ⁇ , or (C1-C10 alkyl) carbonyl;
• R 4b is selected from H, Ci-C ⁇ alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, hydroxy, Ci-C ⁇ alkoxy, C ⁇ -C6 alkylthio, Ci-C-s alkylsulfinyl, C1-C-5 alkylsulfonyl, nitro, (C ⁇ -C6 alkyl) carbonyl, C6-C10 aryl, -N(R 12 )R 13 , halo, CF3, CN, (C1-C6 alkoxy) carbonyl, carboxy, piperidinyl, morpholinyl or pyridyl; R5 is selected from H or Ci-Cio alkyl substituted with 0-6 R b ;
• R ⁇ a is selected from hydrogen, hydroxy, Ci to C ⁇ alkyl, C2 to C6 alkenyl, C3 to Cn cycloalkyl, C4 to Cn cycloalkylmethyl, C ⁇ -C-5 alkoxy, benzyloxy, C Q to C10 aryl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, C7 to Cn arylalkyl, or adamantylmethyl, C1-C10 alkyl substituted with 0-2 R b ;
• R- 1 and R ⁇ a can be taken together to be 3- azabicyclononyl, 1,2,3, 4-tetrahydro-l-quinolinyl, 1, 2 , 3, 4-tetrahydro-2-isoquinolinyl, 1-piperidinyl, 1- morpholinyl, 1-pyrrolidinyl, thiamorpholinyl, thiazolidinyl or 1-piperazinyl, each being optionally substituted with C1-C6 alkyl, C-5-C ⁇ o aryl, heteroaryl, C7-C11 arylalkyl, (C ⁇ -C-5 alkyl) carbonyl, JC3-C7 cycloalkyl) carbonyl, (C ⁇ -C6 alkoxy) carbonyl or (C7-C11 arylalkoxy) carbonyl;
• R ⁇ b is selected from C ⁇ -C-3 alkyl, C2-C-5 alkenyl, C3-C11 cycloalkyl, C4-C11 cycloalkylmethyl, C ⁇ -Cio aryl, C7- C ⁇ arylalkyl, or C1-C10 alkyl substituted with 0-2 R 4b
• Y is selected from hydroxy, Ci to C ⁇ o alkyloxy, C3 to C11 cycloalkyloxy, C ⁇ to C ⁇ o aryloxy, C7 to O ⁇ aralkyloxy, C3 to C ⁇ o alkylcarbonyloxyalkyloxy, C3 to C ⁇ o alkoxycarbonyloxyalkyloxy, C2 to C ⁇ o alkoxycarbonylalkyloxy, C5 to C ⁇ o cycloalkylcarbonyloxyalkyloxy, C5 to C ⁇ o cycloalkoxycarbonyloxyalkyloxy, C5 to C ⁇ o cycloalkoxycarbonylalkyloxy, C7 to C ⁇ aryloxycarbonylalkyloxy, C8 to C ⁇ 2 aryloxycarbonyloxyalkyloxy, C8 to C ⁇ 2 arylcarbonyloxyalkyloxy, C5 to C ⁇ o alkoxyalkylcarbonyloxyalkyloxy, C5 to C ⁇ o (5-alky
• R 12 and R 13 are each independently selected from H, C ⁇ -C ⁇ o alkyl, (C ⁇ -C ⁇ o alkoxy) carbonyl, (C ⁇ -C ⁇ o alkyl) carbonyl, C ⁇ -C ⁇ o alkylsulfonyl, aryl(C ⁇ -C ⁇ o alkyl) sulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, heteroarylcarbonyl, heteroarylalkylcarbonyl or aryl, wherein said aryl groups being optionally substituted with 0-3 substituents selected from the group consisting of: C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, halo, CF3, and O2 ;
• R1 ⁇ is selected from: H or C1-C5 alkyl _
• Rl8a ⁇ s selected from: C ⁇ -C8 alkyl substituted with 0-2 R 19 ,
• heterocyclic ring system selected from pyridinyl, furanyl, thiazolyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, imidazolyl, benzofuranyl, indolyl, indolinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, isoxazolyl, isoxazolinyl, benzimidazolyl, piperidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, pyranyl, pyrimidinyl, 3H-indolyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, indolinyl, or morpholinyl, said heterocyclic ring being substituted with 0-4 R ⁇ - 9 ;
• R 18b is selected from R 18a or H
• R 19 is selected from H, halogen, CF3, CN, NO2, NR 12 R 13 , C ⁇ C8 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, C ⁇ -C-5 alkoxy, C3-C11 cycloalkyl, C4-C11 cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl(C ⁇ -C6 alkyl)-, (C ⁇ -C4 alkyl) sulfonyl, aryl-sulfonyl, or C1-C4 alkoxycarbonyl;
• n 0-4
• n 0-1 ;
• Z is selected from a bond or 0;
• V is a single bond, -(phenyl)- or -(pyridyl)-;
• W is selected from:
• X is selected from: -CH2-CH(N(R 16 )R 17 )-, or
• Y is selected from: hydroxy
• R 17 is selected from H or C1-C5 alkyl
• Rl8a i s selected from:
• “Therapeutically effective amount” is intended to include an amount of a combination of compounds claimed effective to treat thrombosis in a mammal.
• the combination of compounds is preferably a synergistic combination.
• Synergy as described for example by Chou and Talalay, Adv. Enzyme Regul . 22:27-55 (1984), occurs when the effect (in this case, an antithrombotic effect) of the compounds when administered in combination is greater than the additive effect of the compounds when administered alone as a single agent.
• a synergistic effect is most clearly demonstrated at suboptimal concentrations of the compounds.
• Synergy can be in terms of antihypertensive effect, antithrombotic effect, or some other non-additive beneficial effect of the combination compared with the individual components.
• component (i) and component (ii) of the present invention it is meant that the components are administered concurrently to the mammal being treated.
• each component may be administered at the same time or sequentially in any order or at different points in time.
• component (i) and component (ii) may be administered separately but sufficiently closely in time so as to provide the desired therapeutic effect.
• Rabbits were anesthetized with ketamine (50 mg/kg i.m.) and xylazine (10 mg/kg i.m.) and then surgically prepared with arterial and venous catheters.
• An electromagnetic flow probe was placed on a segment of an isolated carotid artery to monitor blood flow. Thrombus formation was induced by electrical stimulation of the carotid artery for 3 min at 4 A using an external stainless-steel bipolar electrode. Carotid blood flow was measured continuously over a 90-min period to monitor thrombus occlusion. Test agents were infused intravenously 1 hour prior to the electrical stimulation of the carotid artery and continuously during the 90-min period.
• TPA tissue-type plasminogen activator
• heparin at 4 U/kg/hr i.v. did not cause antithrombotic effect.
• heparin at 4 U/kg/hr i.v. potentiated the antithrombotic effects of Compound (3) (a Factor Xa inhibitor) at 0.3, 1 or 3 mg/kg/hr i.v. (concentration in saline for 0.3 dose was 0.05 mg/ml) .
• Compound (3) a Factor Xa inhibitor
• the results presented indicate that a combination therapy comprising a Factor Xa inhibitor and one of aspirin, TPA, a GPIIb/IIIa antagonist, low molecular weight heparin or heparin will be effective in treating thrombosis in patients.
• the method of the present invention provides important advantages over currently available treatments for thrombosis.
• the Factor Xa inhibitor (i) and a compound (ii) of this invention can be administered as treatment for thrombosis by any means that produces contact of the active agent with the agents site of action, i.e., Factor Xa, in the body of a mammal. They can be administered by any conventional means available for use in conjunction with pharmaceuticals, either as individual therapeutic agents or in a combination of therapeutic agents. They can be administered alone, but preferably are administered with a pharmaceutical carrier selected on the basis of the chosen route of administration and standard pharmaceutical practice .
• compositions suitable for administration contain from about 1 mg to about 100 mg of active ingredient per unit.
• the active ingredient will ordinarily be present in an amount of about 0.5-95% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.
• the active ingredient can be administered orally in solid dosage forms, such as capsules, tablets and powders, or in liquid dosage forms, such as elixirs, syrups and suspensions. It can also be administered parenterally, in sterile liquid dosage forms.
• Gelatin capsules contain the active ingredient and powdered carriers, such as lactose, starch, cellulose derivatives, magnesium stearate, stearic acid, and the like. Similar diluents can be used to make compressed tablets . Both tablets and capsules can be manufactured as sustained release products to provide for continuous release of medication over a period of hours. Compressed tablets can be sugar coated or film coated to mask any unpleasant taste and protect the tablet from the atmosphere, or enteric coated for selective disintegration in the gastrointestinal tract. Liquid dosage forms for oral administration can contain coloring and flavoring to increase patient acceptance.
• water, a suitable oil, saline, aqueous dextrose (glucose), and related sugar solutions and glycols such as propylene glycol or polyethylene glycols are suitable carriers for parenteral solutions.
• Solutions for parenteral administration preferably contain a water soluble salt of the active ingredient, suitable stabilizing agents, and if necessary, buffer substances.
• Antioxidizing agents such as sodium bisulfite, sodium sulfite, or ascorbic acid, either alone or combined, are suitable stabilizing agents.
• citric acid and its salts, and sodium EDTA are also used.
• parenteral solutions can contain preservatives, such as benzalkonium chloride, methyl- or propyl-paraben and chlorobutanol .
• Suitable pharmaceutical carriers are described in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 17th ed., Mack Publishing Company, Easton, PA, 1985, a standard reference text in this field, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
• Soft Gelatin Capsules A mixture of active ingredient in a digestible oil such as soybean oil, cottonseed oil or olive oil can be prepared and injected by means of a positive displacement pump into gelatin to form soft gelatin capsules containing 0.1 to 100 mg of the active ingredient. The capsules should then be washed and dried.
• a digestible oil such as soybean oil, cottonseed oil or olive oil
• a large number of tablets can be prepared by conventional procedures so that the dosage unit is 0.1 to 100 mg of active ingredient, 0.2 mg of colloidal silicon dioxide, 5 milligrams of magnesium stearate, 275 mg of microcrystalline cellulose, 11 mg of starch and 98.8 mg of lactose.
• Appropriate coatings may be applied to increase palatability or delay absorption.
• Each therapeutic agent component of this invention can independently be in any dosage form, such as those described above, and can also be administered in various ways, as described above.
• component (ii) is to be understood to represent one or more agents as described previously.
• each agent of component (ii) may also be treated the same or independently .
• Components (i) and (ii) of the present invention may be formulated together, in a single dosage unit (that is, combined together in one capsule, tablet, powder, or liquid, etc.) as a combination product.
• the component (i) may be administered at the same time as component (ii) or in any order; for example component (i) of this invention may be administered first, followed by administration of component (ii) , or they may be administered in the reverse order. If component (ii) contains more that one agent, e.g., aspirin and heparin, these agents may be administered together or in any order.
• the dosage of the combination therapy of the invention may vary depending upon various factors such as the pharmacodynamic characteristics of the particular agent and its mode and route of administration, the age, health and weight of the recipient, the nature and extent of the symptoms, the kind of concurrent treatment, the frequency of treatment, and the effect desired, as described above.
• the proper dosage of components (i) and (ii) of the present invention will be readily ascertainable by a medical practitioner skilled in the art, based upon the present disclosure.
• typically a daily dosage may be about 0.01 milligram to about 1 gram of each component.
• component (ii) represents more than one compound
• typically a daily dosage may be about 0.01 milligram to about 0.1 gram of each agent of component (ii) .
• the dosage amount of each component may be reduced by about 70-80% relative to the usual dosage of the component when it is administered alone as a single agent for the treatment of thrombosis, in view of the synergistic effect of the combination.
• the sustained- released component can be additionally enteric coated such that the release of this component occurs only in the intestine.
• Still another approach would involve the formulation of a combination product in which the one component is coated with a sustained and/or enteric release polymer, and the other component is also coated with a polymer such as a low viscosity grade of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose or other appropriate materials as known in the art, in order to further separate the active components.
• the polymer coating serves to form an additional barrier to interaction with the other component.
• contact may also be prevented between the individual agents of component (ii) .
• Dosage forms of the combination products of the present invention wherein one active ingredient is enteric coated can be in the form of tablets such that the enteric coated component and the other active ingredient are blended together and then compressed into a tablet or such that the enteric coated component is compressed into one tablet layer and the other active ingredient is compressed into an additional layer.
• one or more placebo layers may be present such that the placebo layer is between the layers of active ingredients.
• dosage forms of the present invention can be in the form of capsules wherein one active ingredient is compressed into a tablet or in the form of a plurality of microtablets, particles, granules or non-perils, which are then enteric coated.

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• 2000
  • 2000-03-10 BR BR0010381-0A patent/BR0010381A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
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  • 2000-03-10 EP EP00913894A patent/EP1161279A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 2000-03-10 CN CN00804880A patent/CN1346292A/zh active Pending
  • 2000-03-10 NZ NZ513217A patent/NZ513217A/en unknown
• 2001
  • 2001-08-02 ZA ZA200106360A patent/ZA200106360B/en unknown

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