EP1159579B1 - Method and device for representing a target and recognising hits on target in shooting systems - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1.

Devices for displaying the target are used for training purposes Indoor shooting ranges from police, military and comparable security bodies Application and usually consist of a target surface on which a target object is projected, and a measuring device, the purpose of which is to determine the hit position within the target field, to record it in terms of data and a computer-aided evaluation.

The target area is embodied, for example, by a screen system, at which is two layers of a screen that are unwound or wound up by roller systems and at a short distance in an overlapping arrangement being held. Via a video camera capturing the target area, In connection with a backlighting of the target area a bullet as Illuminated point recognized and its position relative to the target field below Participation of a coordinate system displayed in the image plane of the video camera be measured. The disadvantage of this device is that the maximum shot sequence speed to be recorded by the image sequence speed the video camera is limited. There are also special measures resulting from the bullet holes in the screen and the removal of this Bullets are used to identify subsequent bullets.

The target object projected onto the target surface can be a still image - it can However, it is also a film that is on a corresponding carrier is recorded. Depending on the type of carrier, there is one more or less large storage volume required. Often that also exists Need to be able to edit a film for the purpose of displaying the target.

The DVD (digital video disc) is a storage medium for data and images in the current version is known to have the advantage of a large storage capacity at the same time high image quality, in particular a high resolution. Such storage media are currently. already available in stores where on the size of a conventional CD (compact disc) video, audio and Surround data is saved with a playback duration of approx. 2 hours are. In addition to the general advantages of digital technology, this has its cause in the further development of the coding methods used and hereby related to the data compression process. To be mentioned in the different levels of the MPEG standards, which enable ever higher compressions of digital data streams. So becomes, for example, according to the already introduced standard MPEG 2 Compression of a video data stream by a factor of 10, according to the currently still planned standard MPEG 4 enables up to 350.

In the above sense in the case of image data recording for a given storage volume of the storage medium to achieve maximum storage a film recorded in such a way that each picture or situation-related individual Images (keyframes) are recorded in order to subsequently only the record changes associated with these individual images. This means, that a continuous film consists only of a sequence of keyframes and the these changes are associated with each.

Now there is for target display or target marking in shooting ranges often the need to address individual images of a film with the aim of edit these and make changes to them. It can be single images, but also sequences of images wherever it is about the problem of target presentation or also the simulation of certain Situations in a moving picture sequence.

The addressing of, for example, those recorded according to the MPEG 2 standard Still frames of a film are extremely difficult, since, depending on the time of a film situation, only the changes can be addressed to a previously saved single image. The same applies for further data compression processes. This in turn makes it difficult to use of the storage medium DVD, for example, for the purpose of displaying the target in shooting ranges.

It is the object of the invention, a method of the type mentioned to be conceived in such a way that a use of the storage medium DVD in Shooting range with the proviso that targeted individual pictures are addressable for the purpose of processing. This task is solved with such a procedure by the characteristics of the labeling part of the Claim 1.

According to the invention, it is essential that from that which describes the sequence of images Data stream first of all the keyframes mentioned are filtered out. It is this is possible because the compressed data stream, e.g. the MPEG data stream consists of a sequence of two types of files that differ in size differ. So the file describing a single keyframe clearly stands out larger than the descriptive change associated with the respective keyframe File. It is also essential to the invention that a digital memory is provided is for the temporary storage of at least one keyframe is determined and established. This memory is available during the operation of the Playback device with this in operative connection, according to the Play the film the keyframes saved from each subsequent keyframes are constantly overwritten. Is thus about Playback device triggered a pause or film jump function, which otherwise only address the current change would, but not necessarily a complete picture, now exists according to the invention due to the temporary storage of a keyframes the ability to target that at the time the pause function is triggered current and completed single image of the playback device to address the movie being played. This in turn opens up the possibility a targeted introduction of changes in the digitally stored Film to use this for example for target display in shooting ranges to be able to. A RAM memory is used as the memory, the access time for the purpose of the invention must of course be such that the Image flow is not disturbed due to the image sequence of the film. For example, this is then reachable if a memory with an access time of approx 10 ns is used, the memory being otherwise set up for this purpose is that a film length of about 2 s is always saved. The procedure is equally suitable for immediate editing of keyframes as soon as these are available in the named memory and thus for targeted processing of individual images of an image sequence for the purpose of displaying the target in shooting ranges.

The method according to the invention opens up according to the features of the claim 2 a new application for the storage medium DVD. It unlocks the advantages of this storage medium, namely high image quality and a low memory requirement in the computer for purposes of addressing individual, freely selectable images of the image sequence on this storage medium saved movie.

According to the features of claim 3, two or more are always keyframes temporarily stored in the named memory. This Measure has proven to be practical.

According to the features of claim 4, there are comprehensive, already mentioned target representation in shooting ranges beyond possible applications for the method according to the invention in general Multimedia area, wherever there is the subsequent editing of one a digital storage medium such as a DVD saved movie goes.

The method according to the invention is simple to implement for the person skilled in the art and it can in particular also commercially available playback devices for this Purpose to be converted.

The invention further relates to a device according to the Preamble of claim 5.

Against this background, the object of the invention is a device of the type described above in such a way that in comparison an increase in the firing rate to the stated prior art is possible, with the storage medium DVD at the same time provided that individual images are used for the purpose are addressable during processing.

Keyframes can thus be edited as soon as they are in the named Memory are available. The storage medium has the advantage that a high image quality and a low memory requirement in the computer for the purpose of addressing individual, freely selectable images of the image sequence of the film stored on this storage medium can be. There can be two or more keyframes in the named memory temporarily saved. The structural housing of the above Storage is basically arbitrary - this can be done with the Playback device can be summarized - but this can also with the Control device can be summarized. The latter is for the evaluation of Measurement results of the measuring device and for controlling the playback device set up.

The measuring device can according to the features of claims 7 and 8 in such a way that the position measurement of a hit within a backlit target area by means of a video camera is displayed in the image plane of a coordinate system.

The measuring device according to the features of claims 10 to 12 on the other hand, there is another concept that is based on the evaluation radiation emitted by the projectile, radiation reflected by it or based on this interrupted radiation. For this purpose within a measuring plane a short distance from the target surface, which extends perpendicular to the direction of fire, several linear Arrays of either radiation receivers or in pairs arranged radiation receivers and radiation transmitters provided. Alternatively, arrangements in pairs can also be located opposite one another, each consisting of radiation receivers or radiation transmitters and thus form radiation chains. All of these variants are intended the position of the projectile at the time it passes through the measurement plane to determine, either by evaluating that from the floor emitted radiation, the radiation reflected by this or the from this interrupted radiation. The advantage of this design of Measuring device consists in that depending on the type of used Radiation extremely short response times of the radiation receivers used realizable, which are the position measurement of floors in enable the measuring plane at practically any shooting speed. A masking of through openings of a target area for the purpose Detection of the position of the following storeys relative to the target area is therefore eliminated. so that this measuring device is much more convenient to use allows.

According to the features of claims 13 and 14, said arrangements placed in the measurement plane with the proviso that this is as The starting point for forming Cartesian coordinate systems can be used, so one of two arrangements to form the X axis and the other can be used to form the Y axis. It is assumed that the individual radiation receiver and / or radiation transmitter with lens systems cooperate that have a focusing effect in such a way that each linear, running in the measuring plane, covering the target area Directional characteristics result in a distortion-free position measurement of a floor at the time of passing through the measurement level enable. From the position measurement in the measuring plane can immediately conclusions about the hit position in the target area. The concrete one In this context, the design of the target area can be made as desired his.

According to the features of claim 15, the measuring device has an acoustic signal Measurement principle. In this case, too, the location of the Point in a measuring plane, which is the point of intersection of the trajectory of the projectile in the direction of a target surface, so that based on the position of this point the hit position within the target area can be. However, this configuration is only an example understand, so that other sound measurement methods can also be considered.

The compilation of the for the construction of the device according to the invention necessary components and their circuit is based on the expert of the above information is readily possible and requires no further information Explanations.

With the radiation receiver and radiation transmitter mentioned it can be but they are also those whose radiation is in the infrared range for those that are in the range of visible light. In the simplest case through linear arrangements of transmitters and receivers each "Light curtains" formed, the interruption due to a floor penetration recorded according to the X and Y coordinates and data related to any further evaluation is made available.

In this case too, the measuring device can comprise a viewing device which the measurement result is displayed visually in order to then participate of a control computer to be evaluated further. The named Control computer can also within the scope of the device according to the invention central for controlling the DVD playback device and for evaluating the Hit results are used.

Fig. 1 ein Blockschaltbild einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zur Zieldarstellung und Treffererkennung;

Fig. 2 eine Darstellung eines anderen Blockschaltbildes zur Treffererkennung;

Fig. 3 eine Darstellung eines weiteren Blockschaltbildes zur Treffererkennung.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the circuit diagrams shown in the accompanying drawings. Show it:

1 shows a block diagram of an inventive device for target display and hit detection;

2 shows a representation of another block diagram for hit detection;

Fig. 3 shows a further block diagram for hit detection.

In the following, reference will first be made to the graphic representation according to FIG. 1 Referred.

1 with a target area in the side view is referred to, with the participation of a video projector 2 a target image is projected. The video projector 2 is at a defined distance from the target surface 1, which consists of a Direction 3 is shot at. The target image may be a still image or act a moving picture sequence, an interactive film or the like.

4 with a video camera is designated, which is also in a defined Distance is in front of the target surface 1 and which is adjusted so that in this image plane completely the target area 1 projected by the video projector 2 is recorded.

The video camera 4 is connected to a viewing device 5 via a data line, which is set up so that the via the video camera 4 recorded image is superimposed on an X-Y coordinate system, so that in connection with a rear lighting of the target area 1 Hit position of a floor by a luminous point within this coordinate system and thus can be displayed and evaluated within the target area 1 is.

With 6 is connected to the display device 5 via a further data line Control computer designated, which in turn with a DVD player 7th communicates. According to the invention, the DVD device 7 has a special one Experience design in that individual images of the image sequence of a on a DVD (digital video disc) stored film are addressable and are editable for use as a target image. For example single pictures or a single picture of this picture sequence for the purpose of Target display are marked. This is achieved by using the Data stream describing the image sequence first of all the so-called keyframes be filtered out. This is possible because the compressed data stream, e.g. the MPEG data stream consists of a sequence of two types of files, that differ significantly in size. So falls the one describing a keyframe File significantly larger than that assigned to the respective keyframe Files describing changes. The size of the files forms thus the distinction criterion on the basis of which these two, in terms of content different file types in a data stream can. It is essential in this context that a digital memory is provided for the temporary storage of at least one keyframes is determined and set up. This memory is available during the Operation of the playback device 7 with this in active connection, after Depending on how the film is played, the keyframes saved by the subsequent keyframes are constantly overwritten. Thus in the playback device 7 a pause or a film jump function triggered, which otherwise usually only for addressing only the would lead to the current change, but not necessarily to one completed picture, exists due to the temporary storage of a keyframes the ability to target that at the time the pause function is triggered current and thus completed individual image of the playback device Address 7 played films. It is therefore possible to the saved keyframe with the one at the time of triggering the pause function current change to an updated overall picture to combine. This opens up the possibility of a targeted contribution of changes in the digitally stored film to make it the target representation to be able to use in shooting ranges. A RAM memory is used as the memory used, the access time is such that the image flow as a result the sequence of pictures in the film is not disturbed. This is then, for example achievable if a memory with an access time of approximately 10 ns is used is, the memory is otherwise set up in such a way that a film length of about 2 s is stored.

The control computer 6 is used for the evaluation and storage of the Screen 5 determined hit results - it also serves to control the DVD device 7, namely to the effect that the temporary storage or Allow editing of a specific image in the sense set out above. The aforementioned digital memory, which is used for the temporary storage of keyframes is set up, forms an integral part of the DVD device. However, this is not essential and this memory can basically also form part of the control computer 6.

The device according to FIG. 1 enables in connection with the use a DVD as a digital storage medium for a film individual images of the film with the aim of presenting them to the target use, the respective image on the video projector 2 on the target surface 1 is projected.

The projectiles hitting the target area 1 in the direction of fire 3 become with regard to their position in the plane of the target surface in accordance with their X-Y coordinates by using what is shown on the display 5 Coordinate system measured in its position, identified and via the control computer 5 saved and evaluated. The bullets in the, the target area forming canvas must then be covered or other measures are taken to ensure proper identification to enable new bullets. The maximum with this device evaluable shot sequence is however by the frame rate the video camera 4 limited.

To increase the maximum evaluable firing speed with otherwise unchanged conditions two alternative also according to the invention Forms of hit detection are suggested below will be explained with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3, which are ultimately based on the punctual measurement of the trajectory of a single floor and consequently for a backlighting of the target surface 1 can be dispensed with. For this purpose, reference is first made to the drawing figure 2 taken:

Essential features of the arrangement for hit detection shown in FIG. 2 are two band-like arrangements 8, 9, each consisting of a series of infrared sensors, which are in their respective series, for example in are arranged at a uniform distance of 5 mm relative to each other. The arrangements 8, 9 extend in the plane of the drawing, thus perpendicular to the direction of fire at a slight distance from the Target area 1. Each sensor 10 of the two arrangements 8, 9 detects one upstream lens a certain linear area within the by the two arrangements 8, 9 defined measuring plane, in which by the two, mutually perpendicular arrangements 8.9 a Cartesian Coordinate system is defined. In practice, the arrangements 8, 9 - seen in the drawing plane of FIG. 2 - laterally next to or above the target area 1 may be provided, i.e. on a side wall and on the ceiling of the respective room within which the device according to the invention is used to be firmly arranged.

It can be seen that the measuring plane is in the direction of the target surface 1 penetrating projectile 11 in the penetration point of the measuring plane as required two coordinates can be recorded, which for the purposes of evaluation as X or Y coordinate are referred to.

The detection of the projectile 11 is carried out in the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 2 by detecting thermal radiation differences between the floor 11 on the one hand and the neutral environment on the other hand. Infrared sensors that are commercially available today are extremely short Response times marked, which are the detection even extreme Allow shot speeds after these response times are in the nanosecond range. The individual sensors 10 are each via transducers with a display device or a control computer in connection, this chain being related to transducer-visual control computer on the functional diagram of Fig. 1, the effect chain there video camera 4, display device 5 and control computer 6 replaced. Depending on that The detection angle of the individual sensors can be determined by a subordinate one Interpolation level with a distance of the sensors of 5 mm the actual Position of a 9 mm bullet, for example, to an accuracy of 0.5 mm within the measuring plane.

From the position of the projectile 11 within the measuring plane, the Hit location within target area 1 can be closed.

The control of the target object projected into the target surface 1, in particular the Incidentally, the type of target is displayed in accordance with the exemplary embodiment 1 with only the difference that in the system according to Fig. 2 another type of hit detection is selected.

The embodiment shown in FIG. 3 corresponds to its integration 1 that of FIG. 2 - it is only the type of detection of a projectile 11 in the measuring plane is different designed. While the system for hit detection according to FIG. 2 a passive one, based on the evaluation only of those emitted by the floor 11 3 is the radiation based system an active system in which the projectile 11 is irradiated and a reflected one Signal is evaluated. There are again two for this purpose linear arrangements 12, 13 provided in a common plane, the measuring plane are arranged perpendicular to each other, which are perpendicular to the Firing direction of target area 1 extends. This measuring plane is located a short distance from the target area 1.

Each of the arrangements 12, 13 consists of radiation receptions arranged in pairs or radiation transmitters that are set up to that said measurement plane is continuous by means of the radiation transmitter is irradiated, with a projectile penetrating the measuring plane 11, a reflex signal is triggered, which by the location of the puncture point pair of radiation receivers assigned in the measurement plane of the arrangements 12, 13 is detected. For the radiation receivers mentioned and transmitters can be used any radiation that is used for reflex formation is suitable and also with the available response times for recording highest shot sequence speeds are sufficient. For example it is radiation in the visible or invisible range Act part of the spectrum. The evaluation of the based on the reflected Signals of the penetration point obtained in the measuring plane take place in the the rest in an analogous manner to the embodiment described in FIG. 2.

As an alternative to that based on the evaluation of reflected signals Measuring principle according to Fig. 3, in the radiation transmitter and radiation receiver are always arranged in pairs in the same place, so that there are two Arrange mutually perpendicular arrangements 12, 13, there is also one System in which the radiation transmitter and the radiation receiver are mutually exclusive opposite, are thus spatially separated from each other, so that there are four globally rectangular arrangements, opposing arrangements each by radiation transmitters or radiation receiver are formed so that one, one on this Defined measuring level penetrating floor based on the interruption two beam paths, each assigned the X and Y direction is recognizable. Also in this case, which is not based on the evaluation of reflected signals but based on the local "shadowing" can basically any radiation can be used with the available response times especially the receiver for the evaluation of high shot speeds are suitable.

Claims (15)

1. Method for representing a target and recognising hits on target in shooting systems, in particular for obtaining individual images from the series of images of a film which is stored on a digital memory medium, on the basis of a data stream which is obtained from the memory medium by means of a playback device, is compressed according to an MPEG standard or comparable standard, reproduces the series of images and consists of a series of files of keyframes and associated changes, with the aim of processing and/or changing individual selected images of the stored film, characterised in that the keyframes, which can be distinguished by means of their file size from the changes respectively allocated thereto, are filtered out of the data stream, that the data stream is channelled via a digital memory which is designed and arranged for temporary storage of at least one keyframe, and that by control of a pause or film jump function of the playback device only the current change of the respectively stored keyframe is connected thereto so that the respective current image is available in order for changes to be carried out.
2. Method as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that a DVD (digital video disc) is used as the digital memory medium.
3. Method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterised in that two or more keyframes are temporarily stored in the memory.
4. Use of a method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims 1 to 3 for target representation in shooting systems, in particular in the form of individual images, film clips, interactive films, etc.
5. Device for representing a target and recognising hits on target in shooting systems, having an imaging device which is designed to image a target object on a target surface (1), a measuring device which is designed for recognising the location of a shot (11) with respect to the target surface (1), and a control device which is connected both to the imaging and to the measuring device, characterised in that when using the method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 the imaging device consists of a DVD playback device (7) and a video projector (2), that individual images of the image series of a film stored on a DVD (digital video disc) are used as the target object and that the control device is designed and arranged at least to control the playback device (7) and to evaluate the measuring results of the measuring device.
6. Device as claimed in claim 5, characterised by a digital memory via which a data stream describing the image series of the film is passed, wherein the file series of the data stream consists of files describing respective keyframes and of files describing changes associated therewith, and by a filter stage, which is arranged to filter keyframes out of the data stream, wherein the memory is designed and arranged for temporary storage of at least one keyframe.
7. Device as claimed in claim 5 or 6, characterised in that the measuring device includes a display device for visual representation of the position of a shot (11) with respect to the target surface (1).
8. Device as claimed in any one of claims 5 to 7, characterised in that the target surface (1) is backlit, that the measuring devices includes a video camera (4) imaging the target surface (1) into an image surface, wherein a coordinate system permitting the position of a shot (11) to be determined is blended into the image surface.
9. Device as claimed in claim 8, characterised in that the control device includes a control computer (6) which is connected to the measuring device and is arranged to evaluate the measuring results.
10. Device as claimed in any one of the preceding claims 5 to 7, characterised in that the measuring device (2) has arrangements (8, 9) which are placed in a measuring plane perpendicular to the direction of shooting (3) slightly spaced apart from the target surface (1), which arrangements each consist of radiation detectors which are disposed next to each other.
11. Device as claimed in any one of the preceding claims 5 to 7, characterised in that the measuring device (2) has arrangements (12, 13) which are placed in a measuring plane perpendicular to the direction of shooting (3) slightly spaced apart from the target surface (1), which arrangements each consist of a side-by-side arrangement of radiation detectors and radiation transmitters which are disposed in pairs.
12. Device as claimed in any one of claims 5 to 7, characterised in that the measuring device (4) has arrangements which are placed in a measuring plane perpendicular to the direction of shooting (3) slightly spaced apart from the target surface (1), which arrangements consist of radiation detectors and radiation transmitters, wherein mutually opposite arrangements are each formed by adjoining arrangements consisting of radiation detectors or radiation transmitters.
13. Device as claimed in any one of claims 10 or 11, characterised in that the arrangements (8, 9; 12,13) extend perpendicular to each other in the measuring plane and that each radiation detector and each radiation transmitter is provided with a lens system to provide an approximate linear directional characteristic extending perpendicular to the respective arrangement (8, 9; 12, 13) in the measuring plane and covering the target surface (1).
14. Device as claimed in claim 12, characterised in that the arrangements surround the projection of the target surface (1) into the measuring plane and extend respectively perpendicular to each other in pairs, and that each radiation detector and each radiation transmitter is provided with a lens system to provide an approximate linear directional characteristic extending perpendicular to the respective arrangement in the measuring plane and covering the target surface (1).
15. Device as claimed in any one of claims 5 to 7, characterised in that the measuring device (2) consists of an arrangement of sound pick-ups which are designed and arranged to detect the penetration point of the shot in a measuring plane perpendicular to the direction of shooting (3).

Images