EP1156272B1 - Light source - Google Patents

Light source Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1156272B1
EP1156272B1 EP01104018A EP01104018A EP1156272B1 EP 1156272 B1 EP1156272 B1 EP 1156272B1 EP 01104018 A EP01104018 A EP 01104018A EP 01104018 A EP01104018 A EP 01104018A EP 1156272 B1 EP1156272 B1 EP 1156272B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
light
light source
source according
housing
emitting diodes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01104018A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1156272A3 (en
EP1156272A2 (en
Inventor
Helmut Würz
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R Stahl Schaltgeraete GmbH
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R Stahl Schaltgeraete GmbH
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Application filed by R Stahl Schaltgeraete GmbH filed Critical R Stahl Schaltgeraete GmbH
Publication of EP1156272A2 publication Critical patent/EP1156272A2/en
Publication of EP1156272A3 publication Critical patent/EP1156272A3/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V27/00—Cable-stowing arrangements structurally associated with lighting devices, e.g. reels 
    • F21V27/02—Cable inlets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S4/00—Lighting devices or systems using a string or strip of light sources
    • F21S4/20—Lighting devices or systems using a string or strip of light sources with light sources held by or within elongate supports
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V15/00—Protecting lighting devices from damage
    • F21V15/01—Housings, e.g. material or assembling of housing parts
    • F21V15/013—Housings, e.g. material or assembling of housing parts the housing being an extrusion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V23/00—Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices
    • F21V23/02—Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices the elements being transformers, impedances or power supply units, e.g. a transformer with a rectifier
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V25/00—Safety devices structurally associated with lighting devices
    • F21V25/12—Flameproof or explosion-proof arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V31/00—Gas-tight or water-tight arrangements
    • F21V31/04—Provision of filling media
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V5/00—Refractors for light sources
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V17/00—Fastening of component parts of lighting devices, e.g. shades, globes, refractors, reflectors, filters, screens, grids or protective cages
    • F21V17/10—Fastening of component parts of lighting devices, e.g. shades, globes, refractors, reflectors, filters, screens, grids or protective cages characterised by specific fastening means or way of fastening
    • F21V17/101—Fastening of component parts of lighting devices, e.g. shades, globes, refractors, reflectors, filters, screens, grids or protective cages characterised by specific fastening means or way of fastening permanently, e.g. welding, gluing or riveting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
    • F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]

Definitions

  • incandescent lamps can be operated without ballasts at a wide variety of voltages if the filament is structurally adapted to the respective supply voltage. They are very simple in construction, but suffer from the lack of relatively low life and poor efficiency. Both have their cause in the thermal light generation with the help of a wire heated to white heat. Over time, this wire loses material that deposits on the inner wall of the glass bulb. Due to the loss of material, the electrical properties change until it finally burns out. In addition, a substantial portion of the electrical energy is converted to heat or invisible infrared light.
  • fluorescent lamps stand out. These also show a longer life.
  • the operating temperature of the electrodes is lower, so that they can be used with appropriate ballasts in potentially explosive atmospheres.
  • a disadvantage of fluorescent lamps is the need for a high-voltage ballast, which must also be able to deliver the high voltage required for the ignition.
  • the known arrangement consists of a base with cast-in cable tail and plug contacts. In the plug contacts can be inserted either a lamp head or a stylus head.
  • the lamp head consists of a self-contained housing with arranged therein printed circuit board and soldered to the circuit board LEDs. The LEDs emit their light through an existing on the front side of the cylindrical lamp head cap.
  • a similar arrangement is from the DE 25 31 968 known, which also shows a signal light for signaling purposes.
  • the tubular housing are located at a front end juxtaposed LEDs, the stuck in a reflector.
  • the entire housing is filled with potting compound.
  • the US 6,184,628 B1 shows a screwing lamp for underwater lights.
  • the lamp consists of a lamp bulb, which is provided at its tapered end with a screw base and at the opposite end of larger diameter a parallel to the opening lying printed circuit board with light-emitting diodes.
  • the light source according to the invention consists of a housing which is at least partially translucent and has an interior. In the interior there are one or more light emitting diodes, which are to be connected via electrical connection means which are provided on the housing with an external power source.
  • Light-emitting diodes require a very low operating voltage, which is that embodiment between about 1.5 and 3 volts. They have a comparatively long service life and achieve efficiencies in the meantime, as they are known from fluorescent lamps ago.
  • the new light source is a light source intended for illumination purposes rather than a signal light for signaling switching or operating conditions.
  • the low operating voltage of the LEDs makes the new light source particularly suitable for battery-powered emergency lighting. Versions to which light sources are connected from light-emitting diodes, because of the low supply voltage need no special protection against accidental contact with body parts.
  • the surface temperature of light emitting diodes is very low compared to other known light sources, and the risk of burns or the explosion of explosive gas mixtures is correspondingly small or not at all.
  • the housing can assume a largely arbitrary shape and thus be adapted to the respective installation and application conditions.
  • the arrangement is particularly simple if the housing is rod-shaped or tubular.
  • the housing may be opaque, or clearly translucent, as a whole or merely in the region of the light exit. It can also be provided in the area of the light exit with optical measures to achieve an additional influence on the cone of light that emerges from the light source.
  • the housing is closed on all sides, as is the case with fluorescent lamps or incandescent lamps.
  • the housing may be associated with a cover or a protective tube in order to make the housing in this area opaque for design reasons. Behind the Cover can be hidden additional existing in the housing electrical or electronic components.
  • the interior of the housing is adapted as closely as possible to the volume requirement of the light-emitting diodes as well as any additional electrical or electronic components that may be present.
  • the new light source is preferably white luminous.
  • the white light is generated by means of exclusively white LEDs or a combination of colored LEDs. At a sufficient distance, the colored light of the colored light-emitting diodes mixes together to form a white light.
  • the light of the light source may also be tinted by combining white light emitting diodes with a small number of colored light emitting diodes.
  • the LEDs are arranged depending on the application in one or more lines.
  • an omniazimuthal light distribution with respect to the axis of the rod can be achieved.
  • the light emitting diodes are lined up along one or more helical lines. In any case, it is ensured that the light exit side of the LEDs is as close as possible to the inside of the housing or even rests against this.
  • the light-emitting diodes are expediently mounted on a printed circuit board.
  • the circuit board provides mechanical support and power to the LEDs.
  • the void volume in the housing reduces it when the free space is filled by a medium. Filling the interior with a medium increases the resistance of the light source to shocks and the risk of detachment of the light emitting diodes from the circuit boards.
  • Suitable filling medium are both transparent flowable plastics which harden after filling or remain liquid, as well as flowable granular media, e.g. Glass balls or quartz sand.
  • Another way to improve the anchoring of the LEDs is the use of a shaped body containing recordings for the light-emitting diodes.
  • the use of the shaped body can be combined with a filling medium.
  • the supply voltage of light-emitting diodes must be kept constant in a relatively narrow tolerance band. When falling below the supply voltage LEDs are dark because of the non-linear electrical characteristic very quickly. Exceeding the additional supply voltage will damage the PN junction. It is therefore expedient to incorporate in the light source a ballast, which provides for a corresponding voltage stabilization, regardless of the supply voltage which is applied to the light source.
  • the LEDs can be connected in series, which brings the advantage of a low cross-flow with it.
  • the disadvantage here is that the failure of a light emitting diode, the entire chain is turned off.
  • the power supply must provide a relatively high current at low voltage can. From the point of view of the connection means, this is not always an advantage.
  • For the failure of a light-emitting diode has no repercussions on the functioning of the other LEDs. A favorable compromise between the two requirements can be achieved if the LEDs are connected in groups in parallel.
  • connection means of the light source may be connectors or cables that lead out of the housing.
  • the light source can be designed as a lamp or as a lamp.
  • the new light source is also particularly well suited for being explosion-proof, for example in the "flameproof enclosure” type of protection.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show a light source 1 provided for lighting purposes, to which a rod-shaped lamp 2 and a plug-in lamp socket 4 provided with a cable 3 belong.
  • the lamp 2 has an outer cylindrical tube 5 made of a clear translucent material, such as polyacrylic or polycarbonate, which defines a cylindrical inner space 6 and extends between two front ends 7 and 8.
  • the front end 7 is hermetically sealed by a glued plug 9.
  • the plug 11 is an explosion-proof cable bushing. It consists of an approximately cup-like base body 14, which is composed of a cylindrical side wall 15 and a bottom 16. The stopper 11 thus formed is inserted into the tube 5 in such a way that the bottom 16 faces outward away from the tube 5.
  • the bottom 16 is in two tubular cylindrical extensions 17 and 18 in one piece over, which are parallel to each other.
  • Each of the cylindrical extensions 17 and 18 includes an interior space 19 and 21, respectively.
  • the interior spaces 18 and 21 serve as receiving spaces for multi-blade contact bushings 22 which at one end merge into solid cylindrical pins 23 which are tapered by corresponding holes 24 in lead the floor 16, which are aligned with the interiors 19 and 21.
  • the pin portions 24 protrude in this way in the bounded by the side wall 15 space and to it two electrical leads 25 and 26 are welded with their wires. After welding the wires of the lines 25 and 26 of the enclosed space of the cylindrical wall 15 as shown with an encapsulant 27 explosion-proof shed.
  • Vergussmase 27 inserted with one end an elongated narrow circuit board 28, which extends from the plug 11 to the stopper 9 and is supported there in a corresponding end formed in the plug 9 slot.
  • the slot is not visible in the drawing because of the nature of the representation.
  • the printed circuit board 28 carries electrical or electronic components 29, which together form a ballast 31, which is connected on the input side to the two connecting lines 25 and 26.
  • the printed circuit board 28 serves as a strip-shaped carrier for a large number of light emitting diodes 32.
  • the light emitting diodes 32 are arranged side by side along a straight line on the printed circuit board 28 with their connecting wires 33 soldered.
  • the arrangement is such that in particular Figure 2 shows the light exit side in the form of the cap 34 of the inside of the interior 6 is immediately adjacent.
  • the light emitting diodes 32 stuck with their body in a molding 35, which also consists of a clear translucent material.
  • the molded part 35 is an oblong block-shaped structure in which a surface, the surface 36, is curved in a cylindrical shape, corresponding to the wall of the inner space 6.
  • a plurality of blind holes 37 are provided side by side, their shape to the outer contour of the LEDs 32nd is adjusted.
  • each of these blind holes 37 is a light emitting diode 32nd
  • the remaining free volume of the interior 6 is completely filled in the embodiment shown with glass beads 38. If instead of the glass beads 38, a clear translucent filler is used, such as polyester resin, the molded body 35 can be omitted. On the other hand, it is expediently present in the case of a filler, for example a gel.
  • the filler is required in particular if the lamp 2 explosion-proof in the ignition protection "flameproof enclosure" to be performed.
  • the residual volume in which could collect flammable gas reduced to the extent that in the event of ignition no dangerous internal pressures that could cause the tube 5 to burst.
  • the jack 4 consists of a cup-like outer housing 41 which terminates at the open side in an outwardly projecting collar 42, while the opposite closed end is provided with a threaded connector 43 for receiving a union nut 44.
  • a threaded connector 43 leads in a known manner through a bore which includes a clamping device for zugentlastente trapping of the incoming two-pole cable 3.
  • the strain relief is activated when tightening the nut 44 in a known manner and clamps the jacket of the cable 3 a.
  • the fuse of the lamp holder 4 at the respective lamp end is done by means of a union nut 51 which engages over the collar 42 and is screwed onto an external thread on the tube 5.
  • the light-emitting diodes 32 used in the lamp 2 are high-intensity light-emitting diodes with high efficiency. These are preferably phosphor-type light-emitting diodes which are capable of producing, for example, the light emitted by the semiconductor barrier layer, e.g. to transform ultraviolet light into the visible range.
  • the light-emitting diodes 32 are consequently also preferably white light-emitting diodes, since the lamp 2 is suitable for illumination purposes should be.
  • individual ones of the light emitting diodes 32 may be of a color other than white to give some shade to the total white light emitted.
  • 3 sets of light-emitting diodes can also be used, the colors of the sets being selected such that they produce the desired mixed color, for example white light.
  • the light-emitting diodes 32 are arranged along a straight line which follows the generatrix of the cylindrical tube 5. As a result, radiation in preferably only one direction with respect to the axis of the tube is achieved. If a largely omniazimutale radiation is to be achieved, two or more rows of light-emitting diodes 32 can be used, which extend equidistant side by side in the inner space 6. The light emitting diodes of the individual rows are star-shaped in the interior 6.
  • FIG. 3 shows the block diagram of the lamp 2.
  • the ballast 31 has two electrical connections 52, 53, with which, for example, the connecting lines 25, 26 are connected. On the output side, the ballast 31 provides a suitable voltage with sufficient current, which is fed into existing on the circuit board 28 traces 55 and 56. Between these two tracks 55, 56, the LEDs 32 are connected as shown in groups in series. The individual groups are parallel to the output of the ballast 31 and are fed in parallel by this.
  • the output voltage of the ballast 31 is a DC voltage whose size is adapted to the voltage required by the respective group of light-emitting diodes 32.
  • the DC voltage can be constant over time, pulsating or gaping. In addition, if necessary, the specification of the current or the electrical power may be possible. To ensure that all groups can be operated on the same ballast 31, they naturally contain the same number of LEDs 32.
  • the internal circuitry of the ballast 31 depends primarily on what type of voltage is applied to the terminals 52 and 53. Such circuits are known in the art and need not be explained at this point therefore.
  • a lamp 2 is illustrated.
  • a lamp can be performed.
  • the plug 11 is not provided with plug pins as shown, but the connection cable 3 leads directly through a bore 58 in the bottom 16 of the plug 11 in the potting compound 27 contained therein.
  • the protective tube 61 is a cylindrical tube provided with ribs 62 on its outer peripheral surface and having a rectangular opening on one side at 63. In the rectangular opening sits a provided with individual lenses 64 crystal clear insert member 65 through which the light can escape, while the remaining part of the protective tube 61 is opaque.
  • the protective tube 61 has an inner space 66 which is dimensioned such that it can receive the lamp 2 including the union nut 51 of the jack 4, as shown in FIG. 4. At one end, the interior 66 is closed by a wall 67, while the opposite end is open.
  • the protective tube is provided with an external thread 68 to which a tubular handle 69 is to be screwed.
  • the tubular handle 69 is designed approximately cup-like and overlaps with its interior 71 the majority of the housing 61 of the jack 4 and the nut 44th
  • a seal 72 can be inserted.
  • FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of the light source 1 according to the invention, in which the ballast 31 is housed in a separate chamber or housing 71, which in turn is inserted in the cylindrical tube 5 of the light source 1.
  • the housing 71 is in the form of a cylindrical cup having a bottom 72 into which are inserted electrical contact means 73 which pass through the bottom to both sides.
  • a cylindrical wall 74 is formed, which defines a substantially cylindrical inner space 75 together with the bottom 72.
  • the cylindrical interior 75 is closed to the outside by a disc-shaped cover 76 which is fixed on the free edge of the wall 74.
  • a circuit board 77 on which the electrical and electronic components 29 of the ballast 31 are soldered.
  • the power supply to the ballast 31 is done by means of the cable 3, which is inserted through a bore 78 in the lid 76.
  • the cable 3 is inserted into the cover 76 after the type of protection Ex "d" and the interior 75 is filled after loading with a casting resin or a sand filling 79.
  • the connection of the lid 76, with the edge of the side wall 74, is done by gluing, ultrasonic welding, laser welding or another type of joining, which fulfills the requirements of explosion protection.
  • the leading lines of the ballast 31 are connected to the two contact or feedthrough pins 73, which are also anchored in compliance with the type of protection Ex “d” in the bottom 72.
  • unipolar cables 81 are soldered or welded to make the electrical connection to the circuit board 28 on which the LEDs 32 sit. That part of the inner space 6, which is delimited between the cover 9 and the bottom 72 of the housing 71, can now be designed in the type of protection "increased safety" or “intrinsically safe”. A flameproof enclosure is no longer required.
  • a light source in the form of a lamp or luminaire has a housing, in the interior of which a plurality of light-emitting diodes is arranged, which are seated on a common carrier in the form of a printed circuit board. On the support also a ballast can be accommodated.
  • the housing is hermetically sealed to the outside and carries on a side wall electrical connection means in the form of pins or a connecting cable.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Arrangement Of Elements, Cooling, Sealing, Or The Like Of Lighting Devices (AREA)
  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
  • Fastening Of Light Sources Or Lamp Holders (AREA)

Description

Für Beleuchtungszwecke sind unterschiedliche Lichtquellen bekannt, die je nach Anwendungszweck unterschiedliche Vor- und Nachteile mit sich bringen.For lighting purposes, different light sources are known, which bring different advantages and disadvantages depending on the application.

Glühlampen können in aller Regel ohne Vorschaltgeräte an unterschiedlichsten Spannungen betrieben werden, wenn die Glühwendel an die jeweilige Versorgungsspannung konstruktiv angepasst ist. Sie sind im Aufbau sehr einfach, leiden jedoch unter dem Mangel der relativ geringen Lebensdauer und des schlechten Wirkungsgrades. Beides hat seine Ursache in der thermischen Lichterzeugung mit Hilfe eines auf Weißglut aufgeheizten Drahtes. Dieser Draht verliert im Laufe der Zeit an Material, das sich an der Innenwand des Glaskolbens niederschlägt. Durch den Materialverlust ändern sich die elektrischen Eigenschaften, bis es schließlich zum Durchbrennen kommt. Außerdem wird ein wesentlicher Teil der elektrischen Energie in Wärme bzw. nicht sichtbares Infrarotlicht umgewandelt.As a rule, incandescent lamps can be operated without ballasts at a wide variety of voltages if the filament is structurally adapted to the respective supply voltage. They are very simple in construction, but suffer from the lack of relatively low life and poor efficiency. Both have their cause in the thermal light generation with the help of a wire heated to white heat. Over time, this wire loses material that deposits on the inner wall of the glass bulb. Due to the loss of material, the electrical properties change until it finally burns out. In addition, a substantial portion of the electrical energy is converted to heat or invisible infrared light.

Wegen der hohen Temperatur der Glühwendel ist die Verwendung von Glühlampen in explosionsgefährdeten Bereichen problematisch.Due to the high temperature of the incandescent filament, the use of incandescent lamps in potentially explosive atmospheres is problematic.

Durch einen besseren Wirkungsgrad zeichnen sich Leuchtstofflampen aus. Diese zeigen außerdem eine längere Lebensdauer. Die Betriebstemperatur der Elektroden liegt niedriger, so dass sie bei entsprechenden Vorschaltgeräten in explosionsgefährdeten Bereichen eingesetzt werden können.Due to a better efficiency, fluorescent lamps stand out. These also show a longer life. The operating temperature of the electrodes is lower, so that they can be used with appropriate ballasts in potentially explosive atmospheres.

Ungünstig bei Leuchtstofflampen ist die Notwendigkeit eines für hohe Spannungen ausgelegten Vorschaltgerätes, das auch in der Lage sein muss, die für die Zündung erforderliche Hochspannung abzugeben.A disadvantage of fluorescent lamps is the need for a high-voltage ballast, which must also be able to deliver the high voltage required for the ignition.

Abgesehen davon ist es aus der DE 36 39 485 Al bekannt, Leuchtdioden in Meldeleuchten zu verwenden, um einen Betriebszustand zu signalisieren. Die bekannte Anordnung besteht aus einem Sockel mit eingegossenen Kabelschwanz und Steckkontakten. In die Steckkontakte kann wahlweise ein Leuchtenkopf oder ein Tasterkopf eingesteckt werden. Der Leuchtenkopf besteht aus einem in sich geschlossenem Gehäuse mit darin angeordneter Leiterplatte und an der Leiterplatte angelöteten Leuchtdioden. Die Leuchtdioden strahlen ihr Licht durch eine an der Stirnseite des zylindrischen Leuchtenkopfes vorhandene Kappe ab.Apart from that it is from the DE 36 39 485 Al known to use LEDs in indicator lights to signal an operating condition. The known arrangement consists of a base with cast-in cable tail and plug contacts. In the plug contacts can be inserted either a lamp head or a stylus head. The lamp head consists of a self-contained housing with arranged therein printed circuit board and soldered to the circuit board LEDs. The LEDs emit their light through an existing on the front side of the cylindrical lamp head cap.

Eine ähnliche Anordnung ist aus der DE 25 31 968 bekannt, die ebenfalls eine Meldeleuchte zu Signalisierungszwecken zeigt. In dem rohrförmigen Gehäuse befinden sich an einem Stirnende nebeneinander angeordnete Leuchtdioden, die in einem Reflektor stecken. Das gesamte Gehäuse ist mit Vergussmasse gefüllt.A similar arrangement is from the DE 25 31 968 known, which also shows a signal light for signaling purposes. In the tubular housing are located at a front end juxtaposed LEDs, the stuck in a reflector. The entire housing is filled with potting compound.

Die US 6,184,628 B1 zeigt eine Schraublampe für Unterwasserleuchten. Die Lampe besteht aus einem Lampenkolben, der an seinem verjüngten Ende mit einem Schraubsockel versehen ist und an dem gegenüberliegenden Ende mit größerem Durchmesser eine parallel zu der Öffnung liegende Leiterplatte mit Leuchtdioden enthält.The US 6,184,628 B1 shows a screwing lamp for underwater lights. The lamp consists of a lamp bulb, which is provided at its tapered end with a screw base and at the opposite end of larger diameter a parallel to the opening lying printed circuit board with light-emitting diodes.

Ausgehend hiervon ist es Aufgabe der Erfindung eine lichtstarke Lichtquelle zu schaffen, die sich durch einfachen Aufbau, hohe Lebensdauer und guten Wirkungsgrad auszeichnet.Proceeding from this, it is an object of the invention to provide a high-intensity light source, which is characterized by simple construction, long life and good efficiency.

Die erfindungsgemäße Lichtquelle besteht aus einem Gehäuse, das zumindest teilweise lichtdurchlässig ist und einen Innenraum aufweist. In dem Innenraum befinden sich eine oder mehrere Leuchtdioden, die über elektrische Anschlussmittel, die an dem Gehäuse vorgesehen sind, mit einer externen Stromquelle zu verbinden sind.The light source according to the invention consists of a housing which is at least partially translucent and has an interior. In the interior there are one or more light emitting diodes, which are to be connected via electrical connection means which are provided on the housing with an external power source.

Leuchtdioden benötigen eine sehr geringe Betriebsspannung, die jene Ausführungsform zwischen ca. 1,5 und 3 Volt liegt. Sie haben eine vergleichsweise lange Lebensdauer und erreichen zwischenzeitlich Wirkungsgrade, wie sie von Leuchtstofflampen her bekannt sind.Light-emitting diodes require a very low operating voltage, which is that embodiment between about 1.5 and 3 volts. They have a comparatively long service life and achieve efficiencies in the meantime, as they are known from fluorescent lamps ago.

Bei der neuen Lichtquelle handelt es sich um eine Lichtquelle, die zu Beleuchtungszwecken vorgesehen ist und nicht als Signalleuchte zum Signalisieren von Schalt- oder Betriebszuständen.The new light source is a light source intended for illumination purposes rather than a signal light for signaling switching or operating conditions.

Die niedrige Betriebsspannung der Leuchtdioden macht die neue Lichtquelle insbesondere für akkugespeiste Notbeleuchtungen geeignet. Fassungen, an denen Lichtquellen aus Leuchtdioden angeschlossen sind, benötigen wegen der niedrigen Versorgungsspannung keine besonderen Schutzmaßnahmen gegen zufälliges Berühren mit Körperteilen.The low operating voltage of the LEDs makes the new light source particularly suitable for battery-powered emergency lighting. Versions to which light sources are connected from light-emitting diodes, because of the low supply voltage need no special protection against accidental contact with body parts.

Die Oberflächentemperatur bei Leuchtdioden ist sehr niedrig, verglichen mit anderen bekannten Lichtquellen, und die Gefahr von Verbrennungen oder dem Entflammen explosionsgefährdeter Gasmischungen ist entsprechend klein bzw. überhaupt nicht vorhanden.The surface temperature of light emitting diodes is very low compared to other known light sources, and the risk of burns or the explosion of explosive gas mixtures is correspondingly small or not at all.

Das Gehäuse kann eine weitgehend beliebige Gestalt annehmen und somit den jeweiligen Einbau- und Anwendungsverhältnissen angepasst werden. Besonders einfach gestaltet sich die Anordnung, wenn das Gehäuse stabförmig, bzw. rohrförmigen ist.The housing can assume a largely arbitrary shape and thus be adapted to the respective installation and application conditions. The arrangement is particularly simple if the housing is rod-shaped or tubular.

Das Gehäuse kann je nach Ausführungsform insgesamt oder lediglich im Bereich des Lichtaustritts opak lichtdurchlässig oder klar lichtdurchlässig sein. Es kann auch im Bereich des Lichtaustritts mit optischen Maßnahmen versehen werden um eine zusätzliche Beeinflussung des Lichtkegels, der aus der Lichtquelle austritt, zu erreichen.Depending on the embodiment, the housing may be opaque, or clearly translucent, as a whole or merely in the region of the light exit. It can also be provided in the area of the light exit with optical measures to achieve an additional influence on the cone of light that emerges from the light source.

Bei der neuen Lichtquelle ist das Gehäuse allseitig verschlossen, wie man dies von Leuchtstofflampen oder Glühlampen her gewohnt ist.With the new light source, the housing is closed on all sides, as is the case with fluorescent lamps or incandescent lamps.

Dem Gehäuse kann eine Abdeckung oder ein Schutzrohr zugeordnet sein, um das Gehäuse in diesem Bereich aus gestalterischen Gründen undurchsichtig zu machen. Hinter der Abdeckung können zusätzliche in dem Gehäuse vorhandene elektrische oder elektronische Bauteile verborgen werden.The housing may be associated with a cover or a protective tube in order to make the housing in this area opaque for design reasons. Behind the Cover can be hidden additional existing in the housing electrical or electronic components.

Der Innenraum des Gehäuses ist hinsichtlich seines Volumens möglichst eng an den Volumenbedarf der Leuchtdioden sowie der gegebenenfalls zusätzlich vorhandenen elektrischen oder elektronischen Bauelementen angepasst.With regard to its volume, the interior of the housing is adapted as closely as possible to the volume requirement of the light-emitting diodes as well as any additional electrical or electronic components that may be present.

Die neue Lichtquelle ist bevorzugt weißleuchtend. Das weiße Licht wird mit Hilfe von ausschließlich weißen Leuchtdioden oder einer Kombination von farbigen Leuchtdioden erzeugt. In genügendem Abstand mischt sich in das farbige Licht der farbigen Leuchtdioden zu einem weißen Licht zusammen.The new light source is preferably white luminous. The white light is generated by means of exclusively white LEDs or a combination of colored LEDs. At a sufficient distance, the colored light of the colored light-emitting diodes mixes together to form a white light.

Das Licht der Lichtquelle kann auch getönt sein, indem weiße Leuchtdioden mit einer geringen Anzahl farbiger Leuchtdioden kombiniert wird.The light of the light source may also be tinted by combining white light emitting diodes with a small number of colored light emitting diodes.

Die Leuchtdioden sind je nach Anwendungsfall in einer oder mehreren Linien angeordnet. Hierdurch können z.B. bei einer stabförmigen Leuchte eine omniazimutale Lichtverteilung bzgl. der Achse des Stabs erreicht werden. Das gleiche läßt sich erzielen, wenn die Leuchtdioden längs einer oder mehrere schraubenförmiger Linien aufgereiht sind. In jedem Falle wird dafür gesorgt, dass die Lichtaustrittsseite der Leuchtdioden der Innenseite des Gehäuses möglichst dicht benachbart ist oder gar an dieser anliegt.The LEDs are arranged depending on the application in one or more lines. As a result, e.g. in the case of a rod-shaped luminaire, an omniazimuthal light distribution with respect to the axis of the rod can be achieved. The same can be achieved if the light emitting diodes are lined up along one or more helical lines. In any case, it is ensured that the light exit side of the LEDs is as close as possible to the inside of the housing or even rests against this.

Die Leuchtdioden sind zweckmäßigerweise auf einer Leiterplatte angebracht. Die Leiterplatte sorgt für den mechanischen Halt und die Stromzufuhr zu den Leuchtdioden.The light-emitting diodes are expediently mounted on a printed circuit board. The circuit board provides mechanical support and power to the LEDs.

Das Leervolumen in dem Gehäuse läßt sie verringern, wenn der freie Innenraum durch ein Medium gefüllt ist. Das Füllen des Innenraums durch ein Medium erhöht die Widerstandsfähigkeit der Lichtquelle gegen Erschütterungen und die Gefahr des Ablösens der Leuchtdioden von den Leiterplatten. Als Füllmedium kommen sowohl transparente fließfähige Kunststoffe in Frage, die nach dem Einfüllen aushärten oder flüssig bleiben, ebenso wie fließfähige körnige Medien, z.B. Glaskugeln oder Quarzsand.The void volume in the housing reduces it when the free space is filled by a medium. Filling the interior with a medium increases the resistance of the light source to shocks and the risk of detachment of the light emitting diodes from the circuit boards. Suitable filling medium are both transparent flowable plastics which harden after filling or remain liquid, as well as flowable granular media, e.g. Glass balls or quartz sand.

Eine andere Möglichkeit, die Verankerung der Leuchtdioden zu verbessern, besteht in der Verwendung eines Formkörpers, der Aufnahmen für die Leuchtdioden enthält. Die Verwendung des Formkörpers kann mit einem Füllmedium kombiniert werden.Another way to improve the anchoring of the LEDs, is the use of a shaped body containing recordings for the light-emitting diodes. The use of the shaped body can be combined with a filling medium.

Die Versorgungsspannung von Leuchtdioden muß in einem verhältnismäßig engen Toleranzband konstant gehalten werden. Beim Unterschreiten der Versorgungsspannung werden Leuchtdioden wegen der nichtlinearen elektrischen Kennlinie sehr schnell dunkel. Ein Überschreiten der zusätzlichen Versorgungsspannung führt zu einer Beschädigung des PN-Übergangs. Es ist deswegen zweckmäßig, in die Lichtquelle ein Vorschaltgerät mit einzubringen, das für eine entsprechende Spannungsstabilisierung sorgt, unabhängig von der Versorgungsspannung, die an die Lichtquelle angelegt wird.The supply voltage of light-emitting diodes must be kept constant in a relatively narrow tolerance band. When falling below the supply voltage LEDs are dark because of the non-linear electrical characteristic very quickly. Exceeding the additional supply voltage will damage the PN junction. It is therefore expedient to incorporate in the light source a ballast, which provides for a corresponding voltage stabilization, regardless of the supply voltage which is applied to the light source.

Die Leuchtdioden können in Serie geschaltet werden, was den Vorteil eines geringen Querstroms mit sich bringt. Nachteilig dabei ist, dass beim Ausfall einer Leuchtdiode die gesamte Kette abgeschaltet wird. Wenn die Leuchtdioden parallel geschaltet werden, muß die Stromversorgung bei niedriger Spannung einen verhältnismäßig hohen Strom liefern können. Aus der Sicht der Anschlussmittel ist dies nicht immer von Vorteil. Dafür hat der Ausfall einer Leuchtdiode keine Rückwirkungen auf die Funktionsfähigkeit der übrigen Leuchtdioden. Ein günstiger Kompromiss zwischen beiden Anforderungen kann erreicht werden, wenn die Leuchtdioden gruppenweise parallel geschaltet sind.The LEDs can be connected in series, which brings the advantage of a low cross-flow with it. The disadvantage here is that the failure of a light emitting diode, the entire chain is turned off. When the LEDs are connected in parallel, the power supply must provide a relatively high current at low voltage can. From the point of view of the connection means, this is not always an advantage. For the failure of a light-emitting diode has no repercussions on the functioning of the other LEDs. A favorable compromise between the two requirements can be achieved if the LEDs are connected in groups in parallel.

Die Anschlussmittel der Lichtquelle können Steckverbinder sein oder auch Kabel, die aus dem Gehäuse herausführen. Je nach Gestalt und Anwendungsart kann die Lichtquelle als Lampe oder als Leuchte ausgeführt sein.The connection means of the light source may be connectors or cables that lead out of the housing. Depending on the shape and type of application, the light source can be designed as a lamp or as a lamp.

Die neue Lichtquelle eignet sich auch besonders gut dafür, explosionsgeschützt ausgeführt zu werden, beispielsweise in der Zündschutzart "druckfeste Kapselung".The new light source is also particularly well suited for being explosion-proof, for example in the "flameproof enclosure" type of protection.

Im übrigen sind Weiterbildungen der Erfindung Gegenstand von Unteransprüchen.Moreover, further developments of the invention are the subject of dependent claims.

In der Zeichnung sind Ausführungsbeispiele des Gegenstandes der Erfindung dargestellt. Es zeigen,

  • Fig. 1 eine Lichtquelle gemäß der Erfindung, in einem Längsschnitt,
  • Fig. 2 die Lichtquell nach Fig. 1 einem Querschnitt,
  • Fig. 3 das Blockschaltbild der Lichtquelle nach Fig. 1,
  • Fig. 4 einen Ausschnitt einer erfindungsgemäßen Leuchte, in einem Längsschnitt,
  • Fig. 5 die Lichtquelle nach Fig. 1 in Verbindung mit einem Schutzrohr, und
  • Fig. 6 eine Lichtquelle ähnlich Fig. 1, mit eine getrennten Kammer für das Vorschaltgerät, in einem Längsschnitt.
In the drawings, embodiments of the subject matter of the invention are shown. Show it,
  • 1 shows a light source according to the invention, in a longitudinal section,
  • 2 is the light source of FIG. 1 a cross section,
  • 3 is the block diagram of the light source of FIG. 1,
  • 4 shows a detail of a luminaire according to the invention, in a longitudinal section,
  • Fig. 5 shows the light source of Fig. 1 in conjunction with a protective tube, and
  • Fig. 6 is a light source similar to Fig. 1, with a separate chamber for the ballast, in a longitudinal section.

Die Figuren 1 und 2 zeigen eine für Beleuchtungszwecke vorgesehen Lichtquelle 1, zu der eine stabförmige Lampe 2 sowie eine mit einem Kabel 3 versehene Stecklampenfassung 4 gehören. Die Lampe 2 weist ein äußeres zylindrische Rohr 5 aus einem klar lichtdurchlässigen Material, beispielsweise Polyacryl oder Polycarbonat auf, das einen zylindrischen Innenraum 6 begrenzt und sich zwischen zwei Stirnenden 7 und 8 erstreckt.FIGS. 1 and 2 show a light source 1 provided for lighting purposes, to which a rod-shaped lamp 2 and a plug-in lamp socket 4 provided with a cable 3 belong. The lamp 2 has an outer cylindrical tube 5 made of a clear translucent material, such as polyacrylic or polycarbonate, which defines a cylindrical inner space 6 and extends between two front ends 7 and 8.

Das Stirnende 7 ist durch einen eingeklebten Stopfen 9 hermetisch verschlossen.The front end 7 is hermetically sealed by a glued plug 9.

Von dem Stirnende 8 her führt ebenfalls in den Innenraum 6 ein Stopfen 11, der in einer stufenförmigen Ausdrehung 12 eingesetzt und dort mit Füllmasse 13 verklebt ist, die einen Ringspalt zwischen der Ausdrehung 12 und dem Stopfen 11 ausfüllt.From the front end 8 forth also leads into the interior 6, a plug 11 which is inserted in a step-shaped recess 12 and bonded there with filling material 13, which fills an annular gap between the recess 12 and the stopper 11.

Der Stopfen 11 stellt eine explosionsgeschützte Kabeldurchführung dar. Er besteht aus einem etwa becherartigen Grundkörper 14, der sich aus einer zylindrischen Seitenwand 15 sowie einem Boden 16 zusammensetzt. Der so gebildete Stopfen 11 ist derart in das Rohr 5 eingesteckt, dass der Boden 16 nach außen von dem Rohr 5 weg zeigt.The plug 11 is an explosion-proof cable bushing. It consists of an approximately cup-like base body 14, which is composed of a cylindrical side wall 15 and a bottom 16. The stopper 11 thus formed is inserted into the tube 5 in such a way that the bottom 16 faces outward away from the tube 5.

Auf der Außenseite geht der Boden 16 in zwei rohrförmige zylindrische Fortsätze 17 und 18 einstückig über, die zueinander parallel sind. Jeder der zylindrischen Fortsätze 17 und 18 enthält einen Innenraum 19 bzw. 21. Die Innenräume 18 und 21 dienen als Aufnahmeräume für Multilamellen-Kontaktbuchsen 22, die an einem Ende in massive zylindrische Stifte 23 übergehen, die mit einem verjüngten Abschnitt 24 durch entsprechende Bohrungen in dem Boden 16 führen, die mit den Innenräumen 19 und 21 fluchten.On the outside, the bottom 16 is in two tubular cylindrical extensions 17 and 18 in one piece over, which are parallel to each other. Each of the cylindrical extensions 17 and 18 includes an interior space 19 and 21, respectively. The interior spaces 18 and 21 serve as receiving spaces for multi-blade contact bushings 22 which at one end merge into solid cylindrical pins 23 which are tapered by corresponding holes 24 in lead the floor 16, which are aligned with the interiors 19 and 21.

Die Stiftabschnitte 24 ragen auf diese Weise in den von der Seitenwand 15 umgrenzten Raum und an sie sind zwei elektrische Leitungen 25 und 26 mit ihren Adern angeschweißt. Nach den Anschweißen der Adern der Leitungen 25 und 26 wird der von der zylindrischen Wand 15 umschlossene Raum wie gezeigt mit einer Vergussmasse 27 explosionsgeschützt vergossen.The pin portions 24 protrude in this way in the bounded by the side wall 15 space and to it two electrical leads 25 and 26 are welded with their wires. After welding the wires of the lines 25 and 26 of the enclosed space of the cylindrical wall 15 as shown with an encapsulant 27 explosion-proof shed.

In der Vergussmase 27 steckt mit einem Ende eine längliche schmale Leiterplatte 28, die von dem Stopfen 11 bis zu dem Stopfen 9 reicht und dort in einem entsprechenden in dem Stopfen 9 ausgebildeten Schlitz endseitig gehaltert ist. Der Schlitz ist in der Zeichnung wegen der Art der Darstellung nicht erkennbar.In the Vergussmase 27 inserted with one end an elongated narrow circuit board 28, which extends from the plug 11 to the stopper 9 and is supported there in a corresponding end formed in the plug 9 slot. The slot is not visible in the drawing because of the nature of the representation.

Die Leiterplatte 28 trägt elektrische bzw. elektronische Bauelemente 29, die gemeinsam ein Vorschaltgerät 31 bilden, das eingangsseitig mit den beiden Anschlussleitungen 25 und 26 verbunden ist.The printed circuit board 28 carries electrical or electronic components 29, which together form a ballast 31, which is connected on the input side to the two connecting lines 25 and 26.

Die Leiterplatte 28 dient als streifenförmiger Träger für eine große Anzahl von Leuchtdioden 32. Die Leuchtdioden 32 sind längs einer geraden Linie nebeneinander Seite an Seite auf der Leiterplatte 28 mit ihren Anschlussdrähten 33 festgelötet. Die Anordnung ist derart getroffen, dass wie insbesondere Figur 2 zeigt die Lichtaustrittsseite in Gestalt der Kalotte 34 der Innenseite des Innenraums 6 unmittelbar benachbart ist.The printed circuit board 28 serves as a strip-shaped carrier for a large number of light emitting diodes 32. The light emitting diodes 32 are arranged side by side along a straight line on the printed circuit board 28 with their connecting wires 33 soldered. The arrangement is such that in particular Figure 2 shows the light exit side in the form of the cap 34 of the inside of the interior 6 is immediately adjacent.

Die Leuchtdioden 32 stecken mit ihrem Körper in einem Formteil 35, das ebenfalls aus einem klar lichtdurchlässigen Material besteht. Das Formteil 35 ist ein länglich quaderförmiges Gebilde, bei dem eine Fläche, die Fläche 36, zylinderförmig gekrümmt ist, entsprechend der Wand des Innenraums 6. In dem Formteil 35 sind nebeneinander eine Vielzahl von Grundbohrungen 37 enthalten, deren Gestalt an die Außenkontur der Leuchtdioden 32 angepasst ist. In jeder dieser Grundbohrungen 37 steckt eine Leuchtdiode 32.The light emitting diodes 32 stuck with their body in a molding 35, which also consists of a clear translucent material. The molded part 35 is an oblong block-shaped structure in which a surface, the surface 36, is curved in a cylindrical shape, corresponding to the wall of the inner space 6. In the molded part 35, a plurality of blind holes 37 are provided side by side, their shape to the outer contour of the LEDs 32nd is adjusted. In each of these blind holes 37 is a light emitting diode 32nd

Das verbleibende freie Volumen des Innenraums 6 ist bei dem gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiels mit Glaskügelchen 38 vollständig gefüllt. Wenn anstelle der Glaskügelchen 38 ein klar lichtdurchlässiges Füllmittel verwendet wird, beispielsweise Polysterharz, kann der Formkörper 35 entfallen. Hingegen ist er bei einem Füllmittel, beispielsweise einem Gel, zweckmäßigerweise vorhanden.The remaining free volume of the interior 6 is completely filled in the embodiment shown with glass beads 38. If instead of the glass beads 38, a clear translucent filler is used, such as polyester resin, the molded body 35 can be omitted. On the other hand, it is expediently present in the case of a filler, for example a gel.

Das Füllmittel wird insbesondere benötigt, wenn die Lampe 2 explosionsgeschützt in der Zündschutzart "druckfeste Kapselung" ausgeführt werden soll. Durch die Füllung mit Sand oder einem sonstigen flüssigen oder sich verfestigenden Füllmittel wird das Restvolumen, in dem sich zündfähige Gas sammeln könnte, soweit reduziert, dass im Falle einer Zündung keine gefährlichen Innendrücke entstehen können, die das Rohr 5 zum Bersten bringen könnten.The filler is required in particular if the lamp 2 explosion-proof in the ignition protection "flameproof enclosure" to be performed. By filling with sand or other liquid or solidifying filler, the residual volume in which could collect flammable gas, reduced to the extent that in the event of ignition no dangerous internal pressures that could cause the tube 5 to burst.

Die Steckfassung 4 besteht aus einem becherartigen äußeren Gehäuse 41, das an der offenen Seite in einem nach außen ragenden Bund 42 endet, während das gegenüberliegende an sich verschlossene Ende mit einem Gewindestutzen 43 zur Aufnahme einer Überwurfmutter 44 versehen ist. Durch den Gewindestutzen 43 führt in bekannter Weise eine Bohrung hindurch, die eine Klemmeinrichtung zum zugentlastenten Einklemmen des ankommenden zweipoligen Kabels 3 enthält. Die Zugentlastung wird beim Anziehen der Überwurfmutter 44 in ebenfalls bekannterweise aktiviert und klemmt den Mantel des Kabels 3 ein.The jack 4 consists of a cup-like outer housing 41 which terminates at the open side in an outwardly projecting collar 42, while the opposite closed end is provided with a threaded connector 43 for receiving a union nut 44. Through the threaded connector 43 leads in a known manner through a bore which includes a clamping device for zugentlastente trapping of the incoming two-pole cable 3. The strain relief is activated when tightening the nut 44 in a known manner and clamps the jacket of the cable 3 a.

Im Inneren des Gehäuses 41 sitzt ein Kunststoffeinsatz 45. In dem Einsatz 45 sind Steckerstifte 46 und 47 eingebettet, die in Bohrungen 48 hineinragen, die im eingesteckten Zustand die rohrförmigen Fortsätze 18 übergreifen.Inside the housing 41 sits a plastic insert 45. In the insert 45 plug pins 46 and 47 are embedded, which protrude into holes 48 which engage over the tubular extensions 18 in the inserted state.

Mit jeweils einem der beiden Steckerstifte 46, 47 ist eine Ader 48 bzw. 49 des Kabels 3 verbunden.With one of the two pins 46, 47, a wire 48 and 49 of the cable 3 is connected.

Die Sicherung der Lampenfassung 4 an dem betreffenden Lampenende geschieht mittels einer Überwurfmutter 51, die den Bund 42 übergreift und auf ein Außengewinde auf dem Rohr 5 aufgeschraubt ist.The fuse of the lamp holder 4 at the respective lamp end is done by means of a union nut 51 which engages over the collar 42 and is screwed onto an external thread on the tube 5.

Die in der Lampe 2 verwendeten Leuchtdioden 32 sind lichtstarke Leuchtdioden mit hohem Wirkungsgrad. Es handelt sich dabei bevorzugt um Leuchtdioden mit Leuchtstoff, der in der Lage ist, das von der Halbleitersperrschicht ausgehende z.B. ultraviolette Licht in den sichtbaren Bereich zu transformieren.The light-emitting diodes 32 used in the lamp 2 are high-intensity light-emitting diodes with high efficiency. These are preferably phosphor-type light-emitting diodes which are capable of producing, for example, the light emitted by the semiconductor barrier layer, e.g. to transform ultraviolet light into the visible range.

Die Leuchtdioden 32 sind folglich auch bevorzugt weiße Leuchtdioden, da die Lampe 2 für Beleuchtungszwecke geeignet sein soll.The light-emitting diodes 32 are consequently also preferably white light-emitting diodes, since the lamp 2 is suitable for illumination purposes should be.

Falls eine Färbung des Lichtes gewünscht ist, können einzelne der Leuchtdioden 32 mit einer anderen Farbe als weiß leuchten, um dem ingesamt abgestrahlten weißen Licht eine gewisse Tönung zu geben.If coloration of the light is desired, individual ones of the light emitting diodes 32 may be of a color other than white to give some shade to the total white light emitted.

Anstelle von weiß leuchtenden Leuchtdioden, können auch 3 Sätze von Leuchtdioden verwendet werden, wobei die Farben der Sätze derart ausgewählt sind, dass sie die gewünschte Mischfarbe, beispielsweise weißes Licht, erzeugen.Instead of white light-emitting diodes, 3 sets of light-emitting diodes can also be used, the colors of the sets being selected such that they produce the desired mixed color, for example white light.

Bei der gezeigten Ausführungsform sind die Leuchtdioden 32 längs einer geraden Linie angeordnet, die der Mantellinie des zylindrischen Rohres 5 folgt. Hierdurch wird einer Abstrahlung in bevorzugt lediglich einer Richtung bezogen auf die Achse des Rohres erreicht. Wenn eine weitgehend omniazimutale Abstrahlung erreicht werden soll, können auch zwei oder mehr Reihen von Leuchtdioden 32 verwendet werden, die äquidistant nebeneinander in dem Innennraum 6 verlaufen. Die Leuchtdioden der einzelnen Reihen stehen sternförmig im Innenraum 6.In the embodiment shown, the light-emitting diodes 32 are arranged along a straight line which follows the generatrix of the cylindrical tube 5. As a result, radiation in preferably only one direction with respect to the axis of the tube is achieved. If a largely omniazimutale radiation is to be achieved, two or more rows of light-emitting diodes 32 can be used, which extend equidistant side by side in the inner space 6. The light emitting diodes of the individual rows are star-shaped in the interior 6.

Ein wesentlicher Vorteil der gezeigten Anordnung besteht unter anderem darin, dass kein separater Reflektor benötigt wird, da jede Leuchtdiode intern ihren eigenen Reflektor hat. Hierdurch vereinfacht sich der Aufbau der Lampe 2 insgesamt.One of the significant advantages of the arrangement shown is, inter alia, that no separate reflector is required, since each LED internally has its own reflector. This simplifies the construction of the lamp 2 as a whole.

Figur 3 zeigt das Blockschaltbild der Lampe 2.FIG. 3 shows the block diagram of the lamp 2.

Das Vorschaltgerät 31 weist zwei elektrische Anschlüsse 52, 53 auf, mit denen beispielsweise die Anschlussleitungen 25, 26 verbunden sind. Ausgangsseitig liefert das Vorschaltgerät 31 eine geeignete Spannung bei ausreichendem Strom, die in auf der Leiterplatte 28 vorhandene Leiterbahnen 55 und 56 eingespeist wird. Zwischen diese beiden Leiterbahnen 55, 56 sind die Leuchtdioden 32 wie gezeigt gruppenweise in Serie geschaltet. Die einzelnen Gruppen liegen parallel an dem Ausgang des Vorschaltgeräts 31 und sind von diesem parallel gespeist. Die Ausgangsspannung des Vorschaltgerätes 31 ist eine Gleichspannung, deren Größe an die Spannung angepasst ist, die jeweilige Gruppe aus Leuchtdioden 32 benötigt. Die Gleichspannung kann zeitlich konstant, pulsierend oder auch lückend anliegen. Außerdem kann bedarfsweise die Vorgabe des Stroms oder der elektrischen Leistung möglich sein. Damit alle Gruppen an dem selben Vorschaltgerät 31 betrieben werden können, enthalten Sie naturgemäß jeweils dieselbe Anzahle von Leuchtdioden 32.The ballast 31 has two electrical connections 52, 53, with which, for example, the connecting lines 25, 26 are connected. On the output side, the ballast 31 provides a suitable voltage with sufficient current, which is fed into existing on the circuit board 28 traces 55 and 56. Between these two tracks 55, 56, the LEDs 32 are connected as shown in groups in series. The individual groups are parallel to the output of the ballast 31 and are fed in parallel by this. The output voltage of the ballast 31 is a DC voltage whose size is adapted to the voltage required by the respective group of light-emitting diodes 32. The DC voltage can be constant over time, pulsating or gaping. In addition, if necessary, the specification of the current or the electrical power may be possible. To ensure that all groups can be operated on the same ballast 31, they naturally contain the same number of LEDs 32.

Der innere Schaltungsaufbau des Vorschaltgerätes 31 richtet sich vor allem danach, welche Art von Spannung an den Anschlüssen 52 und 53 eingespeist wird. Derartige Schaltungen sind dem Fachmann bekannt und brauchen an dieser Stelle deswegen nicht erläutert zu werden.The internal circuitry of the ballast 31 depends primarily on what type of voltage is applied to the terminals 52 and 53. Such circuits are known in the art and need not be explained at this point therefore.

In den Figuren 1 und 2 ist eine Lampe 2 veranschaulicht. In der gleichen Weise kann auch, wie Figur 4 zeigt, eine Leuchte ausgeführt werden. Zu diesem Zweck wird der Stopfen 11 nicht wie gezeigt mit Steckerstiften versehen, sondern das Anschlusskabel 3 führt unmittelbar durch eine Bohrung 58 in dem Boden 16 des Stopfens 11 in die dort enthaltene Vergussmasse 27.In Figures 1 and 2, a lamp 2 is illustrated. In the same way, as shown in Figure 4, a lamp can be performed. For this purpose, the plug 11 is not provided with plug pins as shown, but the connection cable 3 leads directly through a bore 58 in the bottom 16 of the plug 11 in the potting compound 27 contained therein.

Im übrigen ist der Aufbau der Leuchte nach Figur 4 der selbe, wie der Aufbau der Lampe nach Figur 1, weshalb auf eine weitere Erläuterung verzichtet werden kann.Incidentally, the structure of the lamp according to Figure 4 is the Same as the structure of the lamp of Figure 1, which is why a further explanation can be omitted.

Sowohl die Lampe 2 nach Figur 1 als auch die Leuchte nach Figur 4 kann mit einem Schutzrohr 61 kombiniert werden, wie dies Figur 5 zeigt. Das Schutzrohr 61 ist ein zylindrisches Rohr, das an seiner Außenumfangsfläche mit Rippen 62 versehen ist und an einer Seite bei 63 eine rechteckige Öffnung enthält. In der rechteckigen Öffnung sitzt ein mit einzelnen Linsen 64 versehenes glasklar durchsichtiges Einsatzteil 65, durch den das Licht austreten kann, während der übrige Teil des Schutzrohres 61 undurchsichtig ist. Das Schutzrohr 61 weist einen Innenraum 66 auf, der so bemessen ist, dass er die Lampe 2 einschließlich der Überwurfmutter 51 der Steckfassung 4 aufnehmen kann, wie dies die Figur 4 erkennen läßt. An einem Ende ist der Innenraum 66 durch eine Wand 67 verschlossen, während das gegenüberliegende Ende offen ist. In diesem Bereich ist das Schutzrohr mit einem Außengewinde 68 versehen, auf das ein rohrförmiger Griff 69 aufzuschrauben ist. Der rohrförmige Griff 69 ist etwa becherartig gestaltet und übergreift mit seinem Innenraum 71 den überwiegenden Teil des Gehäuses 61 der Steckfassung 4 sowie die Überwurfmutter 44.Both the lamp 2 according to FIG. 1 and the lamp according to FIG. 4 can be combined with a protective tube 61, as FIG. 5 shows. The protective tube 61 is a cylindrical tube provided with ribs 62 on its outer peripheral surface and having a rectangular opening on one side at 63. In the rectangular opening sits a provided with individual lenses 64 crystal clear insert member 65 through which the light can escape, while the remaining part of the protective tube 61 is opaque. The protective tube 61 has an inner space 66 which is dimensioned such that it can receive the lamp 2 including the union nut 51 of the jack 4, as shown in FIG. 4. At one end, the interior 66 is closed by a wall 67, while the opposite end is open. In this area, the protective tube is provided with an external thread 68 to which a tubular handle 69 is to be screwed. The tubular handle 69 is designed approximately cup-like and overlaps with its interior 71 the majority of the housing 61 of the jack 4 and the nut 44th

Zwischen der betreffenden Stirnseite des Schutzrohres 61 und einer entsprechenden Ringschulter des Griffes 69 kann eine Dichtung 72 eingelegt werden.Between the respective end face of the protective tube 61 and a corresponding annular shoulder of the handle 69, a seal 72 can be inserted.

Die vorhergehenden Ausführungsbeispiele zeigen eine zylindrische Lampe oder Leuchte, bei der die Leuchtdioden 32 zusammen mit dem Vorschaltgerät 31 in demselben Raum untergebracht sind. Demzufolge muss der Raum, der beide Arten von Baugruppen enthält, so gestaltet sein, dass er die höchste, im ungünstigsten Falle zu erfüllende Schutznorm nach den Ex-Vorschriften erfüllt. Dies kann beispielsweise bedeuten, dass der Raum 6 als Ex-"d" Raum ausgeführt sein muss.The foregoing embodiments show a cylindrical lamp or lamp in which the LEDs 32 are housed together with the ballast 31 in the same room. Consequently, the space containing both types of assemblies must be designed to be the highest, in the worst case to be fulfilled protection standard according to the ex-regulations met. This may mean, for example, that the room 6 must be designed as an Ex "d" room.

Figur 6 zeigt eine Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Lichtquelle 1, bei der das Vorschaltgerät 31 in einer separaten Kammer oder Gehäuse 71 untergebracht ist, das seinerseits in dem zylindrischen Rohr 5 der Lichtquelle 1 steckt.Figure 6 shows an embodiment of the light source 1 according to the invention, in which the ballast 31 is housed in a separate chamber or housing 71, which in turn is inserted in the cylindrical tube 5 of the light source 1.

Das Gehäuse 71 hat die Form eines zylindrischen Bechers mit einem Boden 72, in den elektrische Kontaktmittel 73 eingesetzt sind, die durch den Boden nach beiden Seiten hindurch führen. An dem Boden 72 ist eine zylindrische Wand 74 angeformt, die zusammen mit dem Boden 72 einen im Wesentlichen zylindrischen Innenraum 75 begrenzt.The housing 71 is in the form of a cylindrical cup having a bottom 72 into which are inserted electrical contact means 73 which pass through the bottom to both sides. At the bottom 72, a cylindrical wall 74 is formed, which defines a substantially cylindrical inner space 75 together with the bottom 72.

Der zylindrische Innenraum 75 wird nach außen von einem scheibenförmigen Deckel 76 verschlossen, der auf dem freien Rand der Wand 74 befestigt ist.The cylindrical interior 75 is closed to the outside by a disc-shaped cover 76 which is fixed on the free edge of the wall 74.

In dem so hermetisch geschlossenen Raum befindet sich eine Leiterplatte 77, auf der die elektrischen und elektronischen Bauelemente 29 des Vorschaltgerätes 31 aufgelötet sind. Die Stromzuführung zu dem Vorschaltgerät 31 geschieht mit Hilfe des Kabels 3, das durch eine Bohrung 78 in den Deckel 76 eingeführt ist. Das Kabel 3 ist in den Deckel 76 nach der Zündschutzart Ex "d" eingeführt und der Innenraum 75 ist nach dem Bestücken mit einer Gießharzmasse oder einer Sandfüllung 79 gefüllt. Die Verbindung des Deckels 76, mit dem Rand der Seitenwand 74, geschieht durch Kleben, Ultraschallschweißen, Laserschweißen oder einer andere Fügeart, welche die Vorschriften des Explosionsschutzes erfüllt.In the so hermetically sealed room is a circuit board 77 on which the electrical and electronic components 29 of the ballast 31 are soldered. The power supply to the ballast 31 is done by means of the cable 3, which is inserted through a bore 78 in the lid 76. The cable 3 is inserted into the cover 76 after the type of protection Ex "d" and the interior 75 is filled after loading with a casting resin or a sand filling 79. The connection of the lid 76, with the edge of the side wall 74, is done by gluing, ultrasonic welding, laser welding or another type of joining, which fulfills the requirements of explosion protection.

Die wegführenden Leitungen des Vorschaltgerätes 31 sind mit den beiden Kontakt- oder Durchführungsstiften 73 verbunden, die ebenfalls unter Erfüllung der Zündschutzart Ex "d" in dem Boden 72 verankert sind. An den nach außen vorstehenden Enden sind einpolige Kabel 81 angelötet oder angeschweißt, um die elektrische Verbindung zu der Leiterplatte 28 herzustellen, auf der die Leuchtdioden 32 sitzen. Jener Teil des Innenraums 6, der zwischen dem Deckel 9 und dem Boden 72 des Gehäuses 71 begrenzt ist, kann nun in der Zündschutzart "erhöhte Sicherheit" oder "eigensicher" ausgeführt sein. Eine druckfeste Kapselung ist nicht mehr erforderlich.The leading lines of the ballast 31 are connected to the two contact or feedthrough pins 73, which are also anchored in compliance with the type of protection Ex "d" in the bottom 72. At the outwardly projecting ends unipolar cables 81 are soldered or welded to make the electrical connection to the circuit board 28 on which the LEDs 32 sit. That part of the inner space 6, which is delimited between the cover 9 and the bottom 72 of the housing 71, can now be designed in the type of protection "increased safety" or "intrinsically safe". A flameproof enclosure is no longer required.

Eine Lichtquelle in Gestalt einer Lampe oder Leuchte weist ein Gehäuse auf, in dessen Inneren eine Vielzahl von Leuchtdioden angeordnet ist, die auf einem gemeinsamen Träger in Gestalt einer Leiterplatte sitzen. Auf dem Träger kann außerdem ein Vorschalt gerät untergebracht sein. Das Gehäuse ist nach außen hermetisch geschlossen und trägt an einer Seitenwand elektrische Anschlussmittel in Gestalt von Stiften oder einem Anschlusskabel.A light source in the form of a lamp or luminaire has a housing, in the interior of which a plurality of light-emitting diodes is arranged, which are seated on a common carrier in the form of a printed circuit board. On the support also a ballast can be accommodated. The housing is hermetically sealed to the outside and carries on a side wall electrical connection means in the form of pins or a connecting cable.

Claims (25)

  1. Light source for illumination purposes and in explosion-protected configuration,
    with a tubular housing (5), which is at least partially transparent and has an interior (6), which is in one piece except for closure parts (9, 11),
    with several light-emitting diodes (32) serving as illumination means, which are contained in the interior (6) of the housing (5), which are arranged along at least one straight line following the surface line of the tubular housing (5), and which are oriented such that light emerging from them is directed onto the transparent region of the housing (5),
    with a shaped body (35), in which the light-emitting diodes (32) sit,
    with a ballast means (31) for the light-emitting diodes (32), which is housed in the housing (5) and is configured such that it adapts the supply voltage of the light source to the electrical parameters of the light-emitting diode (32) or light-emitting diodes (32), and
    with electrical connecting elements (3, 23), which are provided on the housing (5) to electrically connect an external current source to the light-emitting diodes (32).
  2. Light source according to Claim 1, characterised in that the housing (5) is clearly transparent only in the region of the light emergence.
  3. Light source according to Claim 1, characterised in that the housing (5) has a cylindrical outside structure.
  4. Light source according to Claim 1, characterised in that the housing (5) is made of mineral material or of plastic.
  5. Light source according to Claim 1, characterised in that the housing (5) is provided with an opaque covering (61).
  6. Light source according to Claim 5, characterised in that the covering is located in the housing (5).
  7. Light source according to Claim 5, characterised in that the housing (5) is inserted into the covering (61).
  8. Light source according to Claim 1, characterised in that the housing (5) has only one interior (6), in which the light-emitting diodes (32) are contained.
  9. Light source according to Claim 1, characterised in that the volume of the interior (6) of the housing (5) is adapted to the volume of the light-emitting diodes (32).
  10. Light source according to Claim 1, characterised in that at least some of the light-emitting diodes (32) emit white light.
  11. Light source according to Claim 1, characterised in that it exclusively has light-emitting diodes (32) emitting white light.
  12. Light source according to Claim 1, characterised in that it has several light-emitting diodes (32) emitting coloured light.
  13. Light source according to Claim 1, characterised in that it contains light-emitting diodes (32) emitting white light and coloured light.
  14. Light source according to Claim 1, characterised in that the light-emitting diodes (32) are arranged into a plane, curved or ring-shaped area.
  15. Light source according to Claim 1, characterised in that the light-emitting diodes (32) sit on a support preferably in the form of a printed circuit board (28).
  16. Light source according to Claim 1, characterised in that the free interior (6) of the housing (5) is filled at least predominantly with a transparent medium (38).
  17. Light source according to Claim 16, characterised in that the transparent medium (38) is a grainy flowable medium.
  18. Light source according to Claim 1, characterised in that the light-emitting diodes (32) are connected in parallel or in series.
  19. Light source according to Claim 1, characterised in that the light-emitting diodes (32) are connected in parallel in groups.
  20. Light source according to Claim 1, characterised in that the connecting elements (23) are plug connectors.
  21. Light source according to Claim 1, characterised in that the connecting elements (3) are formed by a multipolar cable.
  22. Light source according to Claim 22, characterised in that the cable (3) is inserted into the interior (6) in an explosion-protected manner.
  23. Light source according to Claim 1, characterised in that it is configured in the manner of "flameproof enclosure" type protection.
  24. Light source according to Claim 1, characterised in that a chamber (75, 87, 99), which is sealed relative to the area containing the light-emitting diodes (32), is provided for the ballast means (31).
  25. Light source according to Claim 24, characterised in that the chamber (75) for the ballast means is arranged in a housing (71), which is inserted into the housing (5) of the light source (1).
EP01104018A 2000-05-19 2001-02-20 Light source Expired - Lifetime EP1156272B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10024427A DE10024427A1 (en) 2000-05-19 2000-05-19 Light source
DE10024427 2000-05-19

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EP1156272A2 EP1156272A2 (en) 2001-11-21
EP1156272A3 EP1156272A3 (en) 2004-06-23
EP1156272B1 true EP1156272B1 (en) 2007-12-19

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1156272A3 (en) 2004-06-23
DE50113389D1 (en) 2008-01-31
EP1156272A2 (en) 2001-11-21
DE10024427A1 (en) 2001-12-20

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