EP1156124A1 - Cooling plate and method of producing - Google Patents

Abstract

Cooling plate comprises a plate body (2) made from a copper material with integrated coolant channels (3). The plate body has a reduced thickness when shaping the end cross-sections of the coolant channels. The copper material of the plate body has an average grain size of less than 10 mm. AN Independent claim is also included for a process for the production of a cooling plate. Preferred Features: The grain size is less than 5, preferably 0.005-2 mm. The end cross-sections of the coolant channels are oval. The plate body has one-sided grooves (5) for receiving refractory material.

Description

The invention relates on the one hand to a cooling plate for use in the interior Cladding of metallurgical furnaces, in particular smelting or shaft furnaces, according to the features in the preamble of claim 1.

On the other hand, the invention is directed to a method for producing a Cooling plate according to the features in the preamble of claim 5.

Metallurgical furnaces are interchangeable for thermal insulation inner metallic cladding on which insulating materials from a refractory material such as Chamotte, can be attached. The within the Stoves prevailing temperatures are so high that cooling the cladding is required. In this context, cooling plates come with integrated Coolant channels for use. Such cooling plates are usually between the furnace jacket and the furnace lining and connected to the cooling system of the Oven connected. On the side facing the inside of the stove are the As a rule, cooling plates are provided with refractory material.

Cooling plates are known in which the coolant channels pass through in cast iron cast pipes are formed. These cooling plates have a low one Heat dissipation due to the low thermal conductivity of the cast iron and because of the Resistance between the cooling tubes and the plate body caused by an oxide layer or an air gap.

Copper and. Have a much better thermal conductivity than gray cast iron Copper alloys. In this context, DE 29 07 511 C2 discloses one Cooling plate for shaft furnaces made of copper or a low alloy Copper alloy consists of a forged or rolled copper block is made. In this type of construction there are mechanical deep drilling generated coolant channels inside the cooling plate. The one in the cooling plate Coolant channels introduced are by soldering or welding in Threaded plug sealed. Are on the back of the cooling plate Inlet bores to the coolant channels, which are used for the coolant supply or Coolant discharge necessary connections are welded or soldered.

From DE 198 01 425 A1 it also belongs to the prior art, coolant channels by mechanically removing material in a cooling plate and that cover the channel image thus generated with a cover plate. To do this, the Cover plate to be tightly fixed to the cooling plate. This procedure is however, particularly disadvantageous because of the necessary welding work.

With regard to the coolant channels, those with non-round, i.e. oval or elongated round cross sections, because they are larger Provide heat transfer surface. In this context are cast Cooling plates made of copper material with non-round coolant channels are known. This However, they have the disadvantage that the material is coarse-grained and inhomogeneous. This results in poorer thermal conductivity and the risk of an early one Material fatigue. Another disadvantage is that material structure defects or damage, how microcracks on the cast cooling plate are difficult to determine.

The invention is therefore based on the prior art, the task based, a qualitatively improved cooling plate with increased cooling effect and to create high efficiency and a method for an inexpensive Show production of a cooling plate with coolant channels.

The solution to the objective part of this task is according to the invention in the characterizing features of patent claim 1.

Such a cooling plate is characterized by a plate body, which is under Shape of the end cross sections of the coolant channels is reduced in thickness and a Fine grain structure with an average grain size smaller than 10 mm.

The plate body can be made of a kneaded copper material (wrought alloy) Fine grain structure exist. Rolled or cast material is also conceivable. Also if in principle a warm deformation of the copper material is possible According to the invention a combined cold / hot forming, in particular one Rolling thickness reduction, preferred.

A grain size of less than 5 mm, preferably between, is particularly advantageous 0.005 mm and 2 mm, viewed (claim 2).

According to the features of claim 3, the coolant channels have the plate body, which is reduced in thickness, has an oval, i.e. round oblong Final cross section. This results in an optimized heat transfer surface for removal the heat or cooling of the cooling plate ensured.

According to the features of claim 4, the plate body can have grooves on one side to contain refractory material.

The cooling plate according to the invention is characterized by improved cooling and a more even heat profile on the inside of the furnace or the melt facing surface. The fine grain structure improves the thermal conductivity essential. In combination with elongated round cross-sections of the coolant channels, a reduction in the wall thickness of the cooling plate is possible. The Cooling effect is significantly improved. In addition, material savings can be achieved become.

In terms of method, the object on which the invention is based is achieved by characteristic features solved according to claim 5.

Thereafter it is provided that initially a raw block made of a copper material an initial thickness greater than the final thickness of the plate body is provided. The ingot can be made from a wrought alloy, from cast material or from Rolled material exist. This raw block is then replaced by at least one Deformation step reduced in thickness, to the final thickness of the Plate body. The reduction can be done by rolling, forging, pressing or Press. A combination of these types of processes is also conceivable. In front When the final thickness is reached, coolant channels are created in the ingot or in the plate body introduced, that is, the coolant channels can in advance in the Raw blocks are available or they are produced in the course of reducing the thickness. Here is a gradual production with simultaneous change their cross sections conceivable.

The method according to the invention is rational in terms of production technology as well inexpensive and provides a high quality cooling plate with one Plate body, which is characterized by a structure with an average grain size of less than 10 mm distinguished. The deformation allows an even finer structure with grain sizes between 0.005 mm and 2 mm can be achieved.

The plate body, reduced to the final thickness, can ultimately be created using a Ultrasound material test examined for structural defects or any damage become.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention is in the features of Claim 6 seen. Here are in the ingot or in the Plate body with a circular before reaching the final thickness channels Cross section introduced. The manufacture of the channels can be done with all known Procedural measures take place. Then the ingot or the plate body on deformed the final thickness, the cross sections of the channels are also deformed, and although oval, therefore elongated round. These cross sections contribute to an improvement the thermal conductivity.

A particularly advantageous manufacturing measure consists in the features of Claim 7. In this case, a raw block is first cold rolled reduced in its initial thickness.

This gives the copper material a recrystallized fine grain structure in which the typical solidification structure of the copper casting of the ingot largely or is completely eliminated.

Then channels are cut into the raw block with reduced thickness circular cross sections introduced.

This ingot is then rolled in at least one step by hot rolling reduced to the final thickness, with the round cross sections of the channels increasing thermally advantageous oval cross sections of the coolant channels deformed become.

The method according to the invention enables the cost-effective production of a high quality cooling plate with high efficiency and improved Cooling. Compared to the known cooling plates made of coarse-grained copper material a reduction in the wall thickness is possible. This leads to a material and Cost cutting.

The channels in the ingot or in the plate body can according to claim 8 be deeply mechanically drilled.

But it is also conceivable that the channels according to claim 9 already in the Ingot can be poured in.

Figur 1

in perspektivischer Darstellung eine Kühlplatte und

Figur 2

technisch vereinfacht den Verfahrensablauf bei der Herstellung einer Kühlplatte in drei Fertigungssituationen.

The invention is described below with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawings. Show it:

Figure 1

in perspective a cooling plate and

Figure 2

technically simplifies the process flow in the production of a cooling plate in three manufacturing situations.

1 shows a perspective view of a cooling plate 1 for use in the inner cladding of metallurgical furnaces, in particular smelting or Shaft furnaces, such as blast furnaces, reduction systems or arc furnaces.

The cooling plate 1 comprises a plate body 2 made of copper or a copper alloy, in the oval (elongated round) coolant channels 3 are integrated. The copper material The plate body 2 has a fine grain structure with an average grain size smaller 10 mm. A grain size of less than 5 mm is particularly advantageous, preferably between 0.005 mm and 2 mm.

On one side 4, the plate body 2 subsequently has grooves made in it 5 to accommodate fireproof material.

The manufacture of a plate body 2 is illustrated schematically with reference to FIG. 2. A shows the initial state, E shows the final state.

First, a cast ingot 6 made of a copper material is provided. Channels 7 are mechanically deep-drilled in the ingot 6. It can be seen that the channels 7 in the initial state A have essentially circular cross sections Q ₁ .

The ingot 6 has a relatively coarse grain structure. Its initial thickness D ₁ is greater than the final thickness D _{2 of} the later plate body 2. In an at least one-step rolling process, the initial thickness D _{1 of} the ingot 6 is reduced to the final thickness D _{2 of} the plate body 2. This is done by deforming the cross sections Q _{1 of} the channels 7 to final cross sections Q ₂ , which, as mentioned above, are oval and therefore elongated round. In the case of rolling forming, also known as kneading, the plate body 2 is given a fine grain structure in the aforementioned grain size range.

The method enables inexpensive production of a qualitative high-quality cooling plate 1 with improved cooling with a uniform heat profile of the heat-affected surfaces. This reduces the wall thickness a cooling plate 1 compared to conventional cooling plates with a coarse grain Structure possible.

The cooling plate 1 is also particularly advantageous because, in practice, an ultrasonic one Material testing for the detection of structural weak spots or Errors is possible. Vulnerabilities can be identified early without there are failures and disadvantageous downtimes.

Reference symbols:

1 - cooling plate

2 - plate body

3 - Coolant channels

4 - Page of 2

5 - grooves in 4

6 - ingot

7 - channels

A - initial state

E - final state

Q ₁ - cross sections of 7

Q ₂ - final cross sections of 3

D ₁ - initial thickness of 6

D ₂ - final thickness of 2

Claims (9)

Cooling plate for use in the internal cladding of metallurgical furnaces, in particular smelting or shaft furnaces, which has a plate body (2) made of a copper material with integrated coolant channels (3), characterized in that the plate body (2) while shaping the end cross sections (Q ₂ ) the coolant channels (3) is reduced in thickness and the copper material of the plate body (2) has a fine grain structure with an average grain size of less than 10 mm. Cooling plate according to claim 1, characterized in that the grain size is less than 5 mm, preferably between 0.005 mm and 2 mm. Cooling plate according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the end cross-sections (Q ₂ ) of the coolant channels (3) are oval. Cooling plate according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the plate body (2) has grooves (5) on one side for receiving refractory material. Method for producing a cooling plate (1) having a plate body (2), characterized in that firstly a raw block (6) made of a copper material with an initial thickness (D ₁ ) greater than the final thickness (D ₂ ) of the plate body (2) is provided and that the initial thickness (D ₁ ) of the ingot (6) is then reduced to the final thickness (D ₂ ) of the plate body (2) by at least one deformation step, with coolant channels (3) in. before reaching the final thickness (D ₂ ) Raw block (6) or in the plate body (2) are produced. Method according to claim 5, characterized in that channels (7) with circular cross sections (Q ₁ ) are introduced into the raw block (6) or in the plate body (2) before the final thickness (D ₂ ) is reached and when the plate body is reduced ( 2) to the final thickness (D ₂ ) the channels (7) with circular cross sections (Q ₁ ) are deformed to coolant channels (3) with oval cross sections (Q ₂ ). Method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that first a raw block (6) is reduced in terms of its initial thickness (D ₁ ) by cold rolling, then channels (7) with circular cross sections (Q _1. ) In the reduced raw block (6) ) are introduced, and the raw block (6), which is reduced in thickness and provided with channels (7) with a circular cross section (Q ₁ ), is finally rolled by hot rolling to the final thickness (D ₂ ) of the plate body (2) while deforming the channels (7) Coolant channels (3) with oval cross sections (Q ₂ ) is reduced. Method according to one of the claims 5 to 7, characterized in that channels (7) with circular cross sections (Q ₁ ) are mechanically deep-drilled in the raw block (6) or in the plate body (2). Method according to one of the claims 5 to 7, characterized in that channels (7) are poured into the raw block (6).

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