EP1155957B1 - Bateau à moteur comportant une hélice décalée - Google Patents
Bateau à moteur comportant une hélice décalée Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1155957B1 EP1155957B1 EP01440135A EP01440135A EP1155957B1 EP 1155957 B1 EP1155957 B1 EP 1155957B1 EP 01440135 A EP01440135 A EP 01440135A EP 01440135 A EP01440135 A EP 01440135A EP 1155957 B1 EP1155957 B1 EP 1155957B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- pit
- driving shaft
- receiving
- base
- boat
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H20/00—Outboard propulsion units, e.g. outboard motors or Z-drives; Arrangements thereof on vessels
- B63H20/02—Mounting of propulsion units
- B63H20/04—Mounting of propulsion units in a well
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a motor boat comprising a hull and a well for receiving a propulsion device, this receiving well being of substantially vertical axis and opening, on the one hand, through the hull, under the boat and, on the other hand, inside the latter, above the line of flotation, said propulsion device comprising, apart an electric or other type of motor, a drive shaft vertical, of length at least equal to the depth of said well, and comprising, at its lower end, a bevel gear receiving a propeller lying in a vertical plane substantially offset by relative to the vertical drive shaft, said receiving shaft comprising a section passage allowing the vertical engagement of the set defined by the drive shaft, the bevel gear and the propeller (see DE-U-29 502 748).
- the present invention relates to the field of shipbuilding and relates, more particularly, to the design of propulsion intended to equip boats, in particular pleasure craft or tourism.
- the propeller of the propulsion is located under the hull of the boat and in the extension of said receiving well.
- propulsion devices include a drive shaft connected to said motor, such a connection being carried out, usually, so indirect and through at least one bevel gear.
- a drive shaft connected to said motor, such a connection being carried out, usually, so indirect and through at least one bevel gear.
- the propulsion devices fitted to state-of-the-art vessels technical can be, on the one hand, immobilized inside said receiving well and, on the other hand, supplemented by a rudder or similar.
- a rudder when of a change of direction maneuver of the boat, diverts a only part of the flux generated by the rotating propeller which, there again, results in a considerable loss of energy.
- the motors of the type are of a polluting nature due to the emission of exhaust gases and, on the other hand, the source of noise pollution so the current trend is to replace them with electric type motors, especially when it comes to equipping boats intended to navigate in ports, on canals, in town like, for example, the riverboats or others.
- the present invention aims to provide a solution to problems encountered for state propulsion devices the technique.
- the present invention relates to a motor boat comprising a shell and a receiving well of a device propulsion, this receiving well having a substantially axis vertical and opening, on the one hand, through the hull, under the boat and, on the other hand, inside the latter, above the waterline, said propulsion device comprising, apart from an electric or other type of motor, a shaft vertical drive, of length at least equal to the depth of said well, and comprising, at its lower end, a return angle receiving a propeller lying in a vertical plane significantly offset from the vertical drive shaft, said receiving well comprising a section passage allowing the vertical engagement of the assembly defined by the tree drive, angle gear and propeller, characterized by eccentric fixing means of the vertical drive shaft inside the well allowing to move the plane in which the propeller fits outside the extension of the well, under the hull of the boat.
- the plane of the propeller is shifted towards the stern of the boat.
- eccentric fixing means which are designed capable of authorizing, after engagement of said tree drive in said receiving well, a displacement of said drive shaft inside this receiving well, according to the case, by rotation around an axis substantially parallel to that of said well, and / or by translation in at least one direction substantially perpendicular to the axis of said well, so as to ensure the offset of the propeller plane outside the extension of the well.
- the means capable of making said base integral with said receiving wells are defined by designed means suitable for allow rotation around an axis substantially parallel to that of said well, and / or a translation, according to at least one direction substantially perpendicular to the axis of said well, said base relative to said receiving well.
- Another characteristic relates to the fact that said base extends substantially in a plane perpendicular to the vertical axis of the receiving well and that the means for mounting said shaft drive on this base are defined by means of rotational mounting about an axis substantially perpendicular to this plane, and / or by means of assembly in translation according to au at least one direction parallel to said plane, of said drive shaft relative to said base.
- the means of mounting in translation of said shaft drive relative to said base can be defined by sliding means.
- said base is defined by a support frame capable of being made integral with said receiving well and to which is associated the fixed part of a means bearing comprising a movable part associated with said shaft drive, this rolling means defining said means of mounting in rotation of said drive shaft relative to said base.
- said support frame is defined by a metal plate, on the one hand, arranged on top said receiving well and, on the other hand, provided with a cutout, in particular circular, intended to be crossed by said shaft of drive and at the level of which is implanted said means of rolling.
- the motor of said propulsion device is of the electrical type and comprises a rotor in direct contact with said drive shaft, said motor being arranged directly above the bevel gear.
- Another characteristic relates to the fact that said boat comprises pivoting control means, around an axis substantially parallel to that of said receiving well, of said propulsion inside said receiving well.
- the boat comprises means for eccentrically fixing said drive shaft inside the receiving well.
- Such means allow, when mounting the propulsion device in the receiving well, to deport, at least in part, the propeller of means of propulsion so that, in the service position, this propeller is no longer located directly above the receiving well but in outside the extension of the latter.
- Said propeller is, in fact, positioned below the bottom of the hull of the boat which makes it possible to reduce, so considerable, the eddies which, without such a conception, would appear in the receiving well and represent a important source of energy dissipation.
- Another advantage of the present invention is that said electric motor is located directly above the means capable of ensuring return between the propeller and the drive shaft, the latter being, in addition, in direct contact with the rotor of said motor.
- a single call is made and single angle gearbox and, on the other hand, to a motor directly associated with the drive shaft so that the number of organs able to transmit the movement between the engine and the propeller is particularly reduced.
- the propulsion device according to the present invention comprises a one and only bevel gear so that compared to a propulsion device with several angle drives like those of state of the art, energy losses are considerably reduced.
- the performance of a propulsion according to the invention is therefore optimized and optimal.
- the device for propulsion is pivotally mounted inside its well reception. Such an embodiment allows, by ensuring the pivoting of said propulsion device, orienting the propeller in view to order a change of direction of the boat.
- the present invention relates to the field of shipbuilding and, more particularly, the construction of motor boats, especially tourist or pleasure boats.
- such a boat 1 comprises a hull 2 at the level of which is defined a well 3, of axis 4 substantially vertical, intended for the reception of a propulsion device 5 equipping this boat 1.
- This receiving well 3 opens, on the one hand, under said boat 1 to through the hull 2 and, on the other hand, inside this boat 1 above the waterline 6 of the latter.
- Said propulsion device 5 comprises a motor 7 of the type electric or other knowing that the present invention will find a particularly suitable but non-limiting application in the frame of boats 1 with electric propulsion.
- Said propulsion device 5 also comprises a shaft vertical drive 8 of length at least equal to the depth of said receiving well 3.
- This drive shaft 8 has, at its end lower 9, a bevel gear 10 receiving a propeller 11 located in a vertical plane P substantially offset from the shaft training 8.
- said tree 8 As visible in the figures of the attached drawing, said tree 8, the bevel gear 10 and the propeller 11 define an assembly 20 intended to be engaged in said well reception 3.
- this receiving well 3 has a passage 12 of section authorizing the vertical engagement of this together 20 in said well 3.
- said boat 1 comprises means 13 suitable for fixing said drive shaft 8 so off-center inside said receiving well 3.
- Such an eccentric fixing is intended to offset the plane P in which fits said propeller 11 outside the extension 14 of the receiving well 3, under the hull 2 of the boat 1.
- said plane P in which fits said propeller 11 is offset towards the stern 15 of boat 1.
- the fixing means 13 eccentric of said drive shaft 8 are designed capable of authorizing a displacement of said drive shaft 8 in said well of reception 3 this after engagement of this drive shaft 8 in its receiving well 3. Such displacement allows, in fact, to ensure the offset of the plane P of the propeller 11 outside the extension of the receiving well 3.
- this displacement can take place by rotation about an axis substantially parallel to that 4 of the receiving well 3.
- This movement can also take place by translation according to at least a direction substantially perpendicular to the axis 4 of said well reception 3.
- such a displacement can, again, operate through a movement combining both such rotation and such translation.
- This base 16 is, moreover, intended to be made integral with said receiving well 3 by means of securing 18 appropriate.
- said means 18 able to make said base 16 integral with said receiving wells 3 can be defined by means designed able to allow rotation of said base 16 relative to its receiving well 3, this around an axis substantially parallel to that 4 of the receiving well 3, in particular after commitment of the assembly 20 inside said well 3.
- the securing means 18 may be defined by means suitable for authorizing a translation of said base 16 relative to said receiving well 3, this in at least one direction substantially perpendicular to the axis 4 of said well 3, in particular after engagement of the assembly 20 at inside said well 3.
- a particular embodiment allows said base 16 to adopt a movement combining both such a rotation and a such translation.
- the translational and / or rotational movement can be authorized, after engagement of the assembly 20 within said well 3, and before immobilization of the base 16 relative to its well 3 through securing means 18.
- securing means 18 Such is, for example, the case of a base 16 intended to be directly bolted, in the appropriate service position of said propeller 11, on said receiving well 3.
- Such joining means 18 can, according to another mode of embodiment, be in the form of a chassis intended to be secured to said receiving well 3 after engagement, at the interior of the latter, of the set 20. On this chassis is mounted, as appropriate, in rotation and / or in translation said base 16.
- said base 16 extends substantially in a plane P '.
- said securing means 18 allow ensuring the immobilization of said base 16 relative to said receiving well 3, this in such a position of the base 16 that the drive shaft 8, mounted on the latter, is offset inside the receiving well 3.
- said drive shaft 8 is mounted by via appropriate mounting means 17 on said base 16.
- such means 17 can, be defined by means 19 for rotationally mounting said shaft drive 8 relative to said base 16, such rotation taking place around an axis substantially perpendicular to the plane P ' in which extends said base 16.
- such means 17 can be defined by means of mounting in translation of said shaft drive 8 relative to said base 16, such translation taking place in at least one parallel direction to said plane P ′ in which said base 16 extends.
- Such means of mounting in translation of said drive shaft 8 may, according to an embodiment not shown, be defined by means capable of allowing said shaft 8 to slide by relative to said base 16, the latter defining, in a way so, a fixed frame on which is mounted, movable, said shaft 8.
- Another embodiment consists of means 17 adopting the form of a combination of these rotational mounting means 19 and of these means for mounting in translation of said drive shaft 8 relative to said base 16.
- said base 16 is defined by a support frame capable of being made integral with said receiving well 3 by means of solidarity 18.
- This support frame receives said drive shaft 8 mounted on said chassis by means of rotational mounting means 19.
- These consist of at least one rolling means 21 comprising, on the one hand, a fixed part 22 associated with said chassis support and, on the other hand, a movable part 23 associated with said shaft training 8.
- such a support frame can adopt the form of a structure similar to a resulting framework of the assembly of profiles or others.
- said support frame is defined by a metal plate 24 disposed over said well reception 3.
- This metal plate 24 is provided with a cutout 25, in particular circular, intended to be crossed by said drive shaft 8. It is, more particularly, at the level of this cut 25 that is installed said rolling means 21 allowing rotation of said drive shaft 8 inside said cutout 25.
- such a rolling means 21 can adopt the form of a ball or cylinder bearing comprising two concentric rings 22, 23 mounted in rotation, one by compared to each other.
- the outer crown 22, of fixed type is then placed around said cut 25 and made integral with said plate 24 while the internal crown 23, of mobile type, is associated with said shaft training 8.
- said device propulsion 5 can be supplemented by a casing 26 inside which is rotatably mounted said drive shaft 8 and the bevel gear 10.
- this casing 26 which, on the one hand, crosses said cut 25 of the metal plate 24 and, on the other hand, is secured to the movable part 23 of the rolling means 21.
- Such a joining allows a mounting in rotation of said casing 26 relative to said metal plate 24.
- the latter is made integral with said receiving well 3 by through appropriate securing means 18.
- said receiving well 3 is provided at its end upper 27 located above waterline 6, of a flange 28 on which is immobilized by fixing said metal plate 24 by means of securing 18 suitable screw-nut type.
- such means of joining 18 allow rotation and / or translation of said metal plate 24 relative to said well 3 before immobilization, on the latter, of said plate 24.
- Such an embodiment is capable of authorizing a offset positioning of said drive shaft 8 to inside the well 3 before immobilizing said plate metallic 24. It will be observed that this positioning can, according to a particular embodiment, be considered final and do not require further intervention.
- the positioning in a staggered manner of said drive shaft 8 inside the well 3 is produced by means of rotationally mounting 19 of said drive shaft 8 on the plate 24, this after engagement of the assembly 20 in the well 3 and immobilization on the latter of said plate 24 by means of securing means 18.
- Yet another embodiment consists in ensuring a first positioning, approximately, of said drive shaft 8 in well 3, this by rotation and / or translation of said metal plate 24 relative to the receiving well 3.
- the passage 12 of the receiving well 3 can have any shape as long as this shape can allow the engagement of the assembly 20, defined by the tree 8, the bevel gear 10 and the propeller 11.
- said passage 12 has a section adjusted for the commitment of this group 20.
- Such engagement is carried out, preferably vertically, optionally centered with respect to said well reception 3, this before fixing, in an off-center manner, said shaft drive 8 in said well 3.
- said passage 12 has a substantially triangular in shape.
- said passage 12 has an orientation, relative to the shell 2 of the boat 1, requiring, for mounting eccentrically of said shaft 8, to ensure the rotation of the assembly 20, and consequently said shaft 8, with respect to said receiving well 3, this after engagement of this set 20 in the latter 3.
- this rotation is done at 180 ° relative to the orientation adopted by said assembly 20 during of his engagement in well 3.
- the present invention will find a application for boats 1 fitted with a propulsion device 5 comprising a thermal type motor.
- said motor 7 is of the electric type.
- this motor 7 comprises a rotor in direct drive with the drive shaft 8, said motor 7 being positioned directly above the bevel gear 10 connecting the propeller 11 to said audit drive shaft 8.
- Such an embodiment makes it possible to use a single reference angle 10 and avoids the use of one or more bevel gear unnecessary, interposed between the motor and the drive shaft, and constituting as many sources of energy dissipation.
- said boat 1 comprises means for controlling the pivoting of said propulsion device 5 inside said receiving well 3. Such pivoting is ensured around a substantially parallel axis to axis 4 of the receiving well 3.
- control means ensures, after mounting in the service position of said drive shaft 8 to inside its well 3, the pivoting of said propeller 11, in below the shell 2, and around an axis substantially parallel to that 4 of the receiving well 3.
- pivoting control means are associated with the means of rotational mounting 19 of the drive shaft 8 relative to said base 16, this in order to ensure the pivoting of this propeller 11.
- these control means are likely to act on said propulsion device 5, in particular on the casing 26 and / or the motor 7, and consequently on the part mobile 23 of the rolling means 21. Through this action, it the mobile part 23 is rotated relative to the fixed part 22 of the bearing 21 and, consequently, the pivoting of the assembly 20 inside said receiving well 3.
- the present invention has technical characteristics which, on the one hand, make it possible to resolve the disadvantages of prior art boats and, on the other hand share, make a substantial contribution to the field of construction shipbuilding.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
- Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
- Amplifiers (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Motors, Generators (AREA)
- Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)
- Gear Transmission (AREA)
- Toys (AREA)
Description
- des moyens de solidarisation 18 autorisant une rotation et/ou une translation de ladite embase 16 par rapport audit puit de réception 3 ;
- et/ou des moyens de montage en rotation 19 et/ou en translation dudit arbre d'entraínement 8 sur ladite embase 16.
Claims (14)
- Bateau (1) à moteur comportant une coque (2) ainsi qu'un puits de réception (3) d'un dispositif de propulsion (5), ce puits de réception (3) étant d'axe (4) sensiblement vertical et débouchant, d'une part, au travers de la coque (2), sous le bateau (1) et, d'autre part, à l'intérieur de ce dernier (1), au dessus de la ligne de flottaison (6), ledit dispositif de propulsion (5) comportant, en dehors d'un moteur (7) de type électrique ou autre, un arbre d'entraínement vertical (8), de longueur au moins égale à la profondeur dudit puits (3), et comportant, à son extrémité inférieure (9), un renvoi d'angle (10) recevant une hélice (11) se situant dans un plan (P) vertical sensiblement décalé par rapport à l'arbre d'entraínement vertical (8), ledit puits de réception (3) comportant un passage (12) de section autorisant l'engagement vertical de l'ensemble (20) défini par l'arbre d'entraínement (8), le renvoi d'angle (10) et l'hélice (11), caractérisé par des moyens (13) de fixation excentrée de l'arbre d'entraínement vertical (8) à l'intérieur du puits (3) permettant de déplacer le plan (P) dans lequel s'inscrit l'hélice (11) en dehors du prolongement (14) du puits (3), sous la coque (2) du bateau (1).
- Bateau (1) à moteur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que le plan (P) de l'hélice (11) est décalé en direction de la poupe (15) du bateau (1).
- Bateau (1) à moteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé par le fait que les moyens (13) de fixation excentrée sont conçus aptes à autoriser, après engagement dudit arbre d'entraínement (8) dans ledit puits de réception (3), un déplacement dudit arbre d'entraínement (8) à l'intérieur de ce puits de réception (3), selon le cas, par rotation autour d'un axe sensiblement parallèle à celui (4) dudit puits (3), et/ou par translation selon au moins une direction sensiblement perpendiculaire à l'axe (4) dudit puits (3), ceci de manière à assurer le décalage du plan (P) de l'hélice (11) en dehors du prolongement (14) du puits (13).
- Bateau (1) à moteur selon la revendication 3, caractérisé par le fait que les moyens (13) de fixation dudit arbre d'entraínement (8) sont définis par une embase (16), d'une part, sur laquelle est monté, par l'intermédiaire de moyens appropriés (17), ledit arbre d'entraínement (8) et, d'autre part, rendue solidaire, par l'intermédiaire de moyens appropriés (18), dudit puits de réception (3).
- Bateau (1) à moteur selon la revendication 4, caractérisé par le fait que les moyens (18) aptes à rendre ladite embase (16) solidaire dudit puits de réception (3) sont définis par des moyens conçus aptes à autoriser une rotation autour d'un axe sensiblement parallèle à celui (4) dudit puits (3), et/ou une translation, selon au moins une direction sensiblement perpendiculaire à l'axe (4) dudit puits (3), de ladite embase (16) par rapport audit puits de réception (3).
- Bateau (1) à moteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 ou 5, caractérisé par le fait que ladite embase (16) s'étend, sensiblement, dans un plan (P') perpendiculaire à l'axe vertical (4) du puits de réception (3) et que les moyens de montage (17) dudit arbre d'entraínement (8) sur cette embase (16) sont définis par des moyens (19) de montage en rotation autour d'un axe sensiblement perpendiculaire à ce plan (P'), et/ou par des moyens de montage en translation selon au moins une direction parallèle audit plan (P'), dudit arbre d'entraínement (8) par rapport à ladite embase (16).
- Bateau (1) à moteur selon la revendication 6, caractérisé par le fait que les moyens de montage en translation dudit arbre d'entraínement (8) par rapport à ladite embase (16) sont définis par des moyens de coulissement.
- Bateau (1) à moteur selon la revendication 6, caractérisé par le fait que ladite embase (16) est définie par un châssis support apte à être rendu solidaire dudit puits de réception (3) et auquel est associée la partie fixe (22) d'un moyen de roulement (21) comportant une partie mobile (23) associée audit arbre d'entraínement (8), ce moyen de roulement (21) définissant lesdits moyens (19) de montage en rotation dudit arbre d'entraínement (8) par rapport à ladite embase (16).
- Bateau (1) à moteur selon la revendication 8, caractérisé par le fait que ledit châssis support est défini par une plaque métallique (24), d'une part, disposée par dessus ledit puits de réception (3) et, d'autre part, pourvue d'une découpe (25), notamment circulaire, destinée à être traversée par ledit arbre d'entraínement (8) et au niveau de laquelle est implanté ledit moyen de roulement (21).
- Bateau (1) à moteur dont au moins ledit arbre d'entraínement (8) est monté en rotation à l'intérieur d'un carter (26) selon la revendication 9, caractérisé par le fait que ledit carter (26), d'une part, traverse la découpe (25) de ladite plaque métallique (24) et, d'autre part, est rendu solidaire de la partie mobile (23) du moyen de roulement (21) pour un montage en rotation de ce carter (26) par rapport à ladite plaque métallique (24).
- Bateau (1) à moteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que le passage (12) dudit puits de réception (3) présente une section ajustée pour l'engagement de l'ensemble (20) défini par l'arbre d'entraínement (8), le renvoi d'angle (10) et l'hélice (11).
- Bateau (1) à moteur selon la revendication 11, caractérisé par le fait que ledit passage (12) présente une section de forme sensiblement triangulaire.
- Bateau (1) à moteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que le moteur (7) dudit dispositif de propulsion (5) est de type électrique et comporte un rotor en prise directe avec ledit arbre d'entraínement (8), ledit moteur (7) étant disposé à l'aplomb du renvoi d'angle (10).
- Bateau (1) à moteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comporte des moyens de commande en pivotement, autour d'un axe sensiblement parallèle à celui (4) dudit puits de réception (3), dudit dispositif de propulsion (5) à l'intérieur dudit puits de réception (3).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0006344A FR2809079B1 (fr) | 2000-05-18 | 2000-05-18 | Bateau a moteur comportant une helice decalee |
FR0006344 | 2000-05-18 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1155957A1 EP1155957A1 (fr) | 2001-11-21 |
EP1155957B1 true EP1155957B1 (fr) | 2002-10-23 |
Family
ID=8850359
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01440135A Expired - Lifetime EP1155957B1 (fr) | 2000-05-18 | 2001-05-16 | Bateau à moteur comportant une hélice décalée |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1155957B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE226537T1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE60100039T2 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2809079B1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4040378A (en) * | 1974-06-24 | 1977-08-09 | Outboard Marine Corporation | Method and apparatus for installing a marine propulsion device |
SE407382B (sv) * | 1976-11-04 | 1979-03-26 | Volvo Penta Ab | Drivinstallation i batar |
US4543069A (en) * | 1981-04-16 | 1985-09-24 | Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha | Auxiliary propelling equipment mounting structure for sail boats |
DE29502748U1 (de) * | 1995-02-09 | 1995-04-06 | Winkens Klaus | Leichtes Sportboot mit Motor |
-
2000
- 2000-05-18 FR FR0006344A patent/FR2809079B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-05-16 DE DE60100039T patent/DE60100039T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-05-16 AT AT01440135T patent/ATE226537T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-05-16 EP EP01440135A patent/EP1155957B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE60100039T2 (de) | 2003-08-14 |
FR2809079A1 (fr) | 2001-11-23 |
FR2809079B1 (fr) | 2002-08-09 |
ATE226537T1 (de) | 2002-11-15 |
DE60100039D1 (de) | 2002-11-28 |
EP1155957A1 (fr) | 2001-11-21 |
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