EP1146529B1 - Pol für einen strombegrenzenden Niederspannungsleistungsschalter und damit ausgestalteter Leistungsschalter - Google Patents

Pol für einen strombegrenzenden Niederspannungsleistungsschalter und damit ausgestalteter Leistungsschalter Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1146529B1
EP1146529B1 EP01410034A EP01410034A EP1146529B1 EP 1146529 B1 EP1146529 B1 EP 1146529B1 EP 01410034 A EP01410034 A EP 01410034A EP 01410034 A EP01410034 A EP 01410034A EP 1146529 B1 EP1146529 B1 EP 1146529B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact
arc
chamber
circuit breaker
pole
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01410034A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1146529A1 (de
Inventor
Alain Brouillat
Lucas Pellegrin
Marc Rival
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Publication date
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Publication of EP1146529A1 publication Critical patent/EP1146529A1/de
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H77/00—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches operated by excess current and requiring separate action for resetting
    • H01H77/02—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches operated by excess current and requiring separate action for resetting in which the excess current itself provides the energy for opening the contacts, and having a separate reset mechanism
    • H01H77/10—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches operated by excess current and requiring separate action for resetting in which the excess current itself provides the energy for opening the contacts, and having a separate reset mechanism with electrodynamic opening
    • H01H77/107—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches operated by excess current and requiring separate action for resetting in which the excess current itself provides the energy for opening the contacts, and having a separate reset mechanism with electrodynamic opening characterised by the blow-off force generating means, e.g. current loops
    • H01H77/108—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches operated by excess current and requiring separate action for resetting in which the excess current itself provides the energy for opening the contacts, and having a separate reset mechanism with electrodynamic opening characterised by the blow-off force generating means, e.g. current loops comprising magnetisable elements, e.g. flux concentrator, linear slot motor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/302—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts wherein arc-extinguishing gas is evolved from stationary parts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/34—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
    • H01H9/346—Details concerning the arc formation chamber
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/44—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet
    • H01H9/446—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet using magnetisable elements associated with the contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H77/00—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches operated by excess current and requiring separate action for resetting
    • H01H77/02—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches operated by excess current and requiring separate action for resetting in which the excess current itself provides the energy for opening the contacts, and having a separate reset mechanism
    • H01H77/10—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches operated by excess current and requiring separate action for resetting in which the excess current itself provides the energy for opening the contacts, and having a separate reset mechanism with electrodynamic opening
    • H01H77/102—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches operated by excess current and requiring separate action for resetting in which the excess current itself provides the energy for opening the contacts, and having a separate reset mechanism with electrodynamic opening characterised by special mounting of contact arm, allowing blow-off movement
    • H01H77/104—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches operated by excess current and requiring separate action for resetting in which the excess current itself provides the energy for opening the contacts, and having a separate reset mechanism with electrodynamic opening characterised by special mounting of contact arm, allowing blow-off movement with a stable blow-off position
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/46—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using arcing horns

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electric circuit breaker limiter of low power voltage.
  • US 5,694,098 discloses a limiter circuit breaker whose poles comprise a fixed contact and a movable contact located at the entrance of an arc extinguishing chamber.
  • the contacts are flanked laterally by the branches of a U-shaped magnetic circuit, intended to produce a magnetic field tending to drive the moving contact through which a current flows towards a separation position.
  • An insulating screen is interposed between the U-shaped magnetic circuit and the contacts, the side walls of the insulating screen forming a corridor between the contact zone and the inlet opening of the chamber.
  • US Pat. No. 2,555,993 describes a switch intended to cut off the supply of an inductance of a control circuit of a circuit breaker, this inductance being crossed by a direct current of the order of 200 A.
  • the switch includes a fixed contact, a movable contact, an expansion chamber containing an inlet port and no outlet port, and an exhaust stack located between the contacts and the chamber inlet.
  • the contacts are arranged in a corridor whose width decreases from the contact zone to the entrance of the chamber.
  • the walls of this corridor are made of an insulating material consisting of phosphorus asbestos in a substrate of 90% zircon.
  • the side walls of the corridor are laterally framed by two metal plates that are part of a U-shaped magnetic circuit excited by a winding so as to produce a magnetic field tending to move the arc to the expansion chamber.
  • the electric arc is quickly propelled towards the expansion chamber, due to the magnetic field.
  • the arc undergoes a constriction and a cooling, due to the interaction with the walls of the corridor.
  • the ionized hot gases produced escape through the exhaust stack and do not impede the progression of the arc to the expansion chamber, so that the flames are confined in this chamber and are not evacuated into the chamber. atmosphere. Expansion in the expansion chamber helps to cool the arc and cause it to go out.
  • the purpose here is to increase the voltage of the arc until it exceeds the voltage across the inductor during discharge.
  • the cutoff performance of the apparatus is very low, and dictated by the application, since the intensity of the arc current never exceeds the initial value of 200A, and the maximum energy dissipated corresponds to the stored energy. in the inductor.
  • the architecture of the device can not be transposed to a circuit breaker limiter low voltage power, especially due to the hot gas exhaust from the chimney. Consequently, the teaching of this document does not appear to be transposable to low-voltage power limit circuit breakers of the type previously described.
  • a power switch is described in the patent DE 728 612.
  • This switch comprises a fixed contact and a movable contact, arranged in an arc chamber consisting of a volume containing the contacts, extending by a narrow slot which opens, to the opposite of the volume containing the contacts, on an open outdoor space.
  • the arc chamber is laterally delimited by ceramic walls which are relatively far apart from one another at the volume containing the contacts, progressively approaching one another to form a narrowing at the entrance in the slot and extend parallel to each other all along the slot.
  • Two arc horns extend from the volume containing the contacts towards the opposite end of the slot, moving away from each other.
  • Side discharge plates frame the ceramic sidewalls and constitute a magnetic circuit for blowing the arc.
  • the electric arc When the contacts open, the electric arc is magnetically blown into the slot.
  • the divergent disposition of the arc horns is essential to compensate or even overcompensate for the decrease of the outflow section for the cutoff gases.
  • the movement of the arc inside the chamber is not hindered by an increase in pressure.
  • the arc finds new ceramic surfaces allowing a significant heat exchange.
  • the rapid movement of the arc until its extinction makes it possible to avoid excessive local exposure of the chamber.
  • the dimensions of this device are very important. Indeed, the length of the slit from the contacts until the opening on the space outside must be sufficient to allow the arc to extinguish before reaching the end of the chamber.
  • the distance between the arc horns near the opening on the outside is also very important, since it results from the continuous divergence between the arc horns, necessary to counteract the pressure increase due to the narrowing section of the slit. In practice these constraints also impose an opening angle of about 120 ° between the arc horns. Therefore, this technology appears incompatible with a simultaneous search for compactness and high cut performance.
  • US Pat. No. 2,970,197 discloses a switch comprising a fixed contact member comprising a fixed main contact, a fixed secondary contact and a fixed arcing contact, cooperating with a movable contact member carrying, on the same pivoting arm, a contact moving head, a movable secondary contact and a moving arc contact.
  • An arc extinguishing chamber provided with separators is located between the lateral branches of a U-shaped magnetic circuit.
  • the contacts are located in a corridor narrowing progressively toward the entrance of the chamber.
  • the magnetic circuit is powered by a coil, connected in series between the fixed main contact and a lower arc horn.
  • the opening takes place in several steps: in a first step, the main contacts, relatively distant from the extinguishing chamber, separate, forcing the current to pass through the secondary contacts closer to the chamber. In a second step, the secondary contacts also separate, forcing the current to pass through the arc contacts located near the chamber.
  • a primary electric arc arises during the separation of the arcing contacts between the arcing contacts. The arc elongates and reaches the lower bow horn by dividing into two secondary arcs in series: a first secondary arc between the fixed contact and the lower arc of the bow and a second secondary arc between the arc horn lower and moving arc contact.
  • the excitation coil of the magnetic circuit is energized. Since the impedance of the coil is lower than that of the first secondary arc, the latter goes out, so that all the current flows through the coil, generating a magnetic flux between the lateral branches of the magnetic U.
  • the magnetic field drives the second secondary arc to the chamber.
  • the arc meets separators in the chamber which cool it down to extinction.
  • the process of progressive migration of the arc to the chamber in this device is excessively long and incompatible with the expected performance of a limiter circuit breaker.
  • the mechanism is also very complicated, due to the presence of a multiplicity of contacts.
  • EP-A-0887832 discloses a pole for an electric circuit breaker according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention aims to increase the arc voltage of a high-capacity limiter circuit breaker, in a reduced volume, by a simple device.
  • the insulating side walls of the screen constitute a protection of the magnetic circuit vis-à-vis the electric arc. They also form a significant heat exchange surface contributing to the cooling of the arc. The constriction of the corridor near the chamber further increases this heat exchange and promotes the constriction of the arc. The two conjugated phenomena contribute to the increase of the arc voltage and a strong limitation of the current.
  • the magnetic circuit cumulates two functions: on the one hand, a current limiting function provided in conjunction with the elastic return means, insofar as the magnetic field generates on the moving loads in the moving contact crossed by a current, forces tending to cause the separation of the contacts independently of any order of opening, beyond a threshold defined by the elastic return means; and on the other hand, a function of driving the arc towards the arc extinguishing chamber, through the obstacle constituted by the constriction.
  • This second function is partially provided by the part of the magnetic circuit close to the contact zone, but also more specifically by the portion of the circuit flanking the narrowing zone. The more this part located laterally on both sides of the throat is important, the more the effect obtained will be marked.
  • the present invention aims at imposing on the arc until its extinction an intermediate position. through a strangulation.
  • the pole comprises a lower arcuate horn electrically connected to the first contact member, and comprising said first receiving surface of a root of an electric arc and an extension extending inside the chamber extinction, said extension constituting a second receiving surface of an arc root whose width, measured along an axis perpendicular to the longitudinal plane of the pole, is smaller than that of the first receiving surface.
  • the second receiving surface accommodates part of the arc root for very high intensity short-circuit currents. In addition, it allows evacuation of the heat generated on the first receiving surface. In addition, the second receiving surface allows the breaking of small currents, thereby favoring the complete entry of the root of the arc into the extinction chamber.
  • the width of the second receiving surface must be smaller than the diameter of a root of an arc under short-circuit conditions, because it is desired to avoid in this case that the arc does not fully penetrate the chamber.
  • the greater width of the second receiving surface will be less than or equal to the distance between the walls of the insulating screen at the level of the constriction.
  • the pole further comprises an upper arc horn having a free end located near the movable contact member in the separation position, and extending towards the inside of the chamber.
  • the head of the electric arc migrates on the upper arc of the arc, forming a secondary arc in series with the first, between the upper arc horn and the movable contact member.
  • the head of the main arc quickly migrates inside the chamber following the upper arch horn, allowing its role of energy absorption to be played in the chamber.
  • the lateral branches of the magnetic circuit have an air gap which is smaller at the level of the constriction than at the level of the contact zone. While the width of the gap of the magnetic circuit in its front part, at the level where it frames the fingers of contacts, is dictated by the width of the contact fingers, therefore by the size of the circuit breaker, it is possible to take advantage of the previous narrowing of the entry corridor in the chamber to reduce the air gap in the part closest to the chamber, which makes it possible to increase the field in this region where the displacement of the bow is hindered by shrinkage.
  • the magnetic circuit forms a magnetic U, whose base is located below the contact zone of the fixed contact member.
  • the U-shape is a good compromise between the amount of metal needed to build the magnetic circuit and the concentration of the field obtained.
  • the magnetic circuit can in particular form an O in section, which allows an even greater concentration of the field.
  • the insulating screen comprises a gas-resistant gas-resistant material.
  • the vaporization of the coating is a highly endothermic phenomenon which contributes to the cooling of the arc.
  • the pressure gradient generated by the vaporization at the narrowing which could be an obstacle to the displacement of the arc towards the chamber, is in fact compensated by appropriate sizing of the magnetic circuit, especially in its anterior part.
  • the chosen material has a sufficient resistance to the arc to fulfill its function of side protection of the magnetic circuit.
  • the insulating screen comprises a polyamide loaded with glass fibers. In practice, the fiberglass load will not exceed 30%, to prevent the glass fibers flush on the surface of the material after a few cuts.
  • the insulating screen comprises a polyamide loaded with mineral fillers, in proportions that can reach or exceed 30%.
  • the insulating screen comprises a polyamide loaded with mineral fillers, in proportions that can reach or exceed 30%.
  • the arc energy absorption means located inside the arc extinction chamber comprise separators extending perpendicularly to the median longitudinal plane.
  • a power low-voltage limiting electric circuit breaker comprising an opening mechanism and at least one pole as described above, the movable support of which is connected to the mechanical mechanism. 'opening.
  • a power low-voltage limiting circuit breaker comprises four poles 10, 12, 14, 16 and an opening and closing control mechanism 18, mounted in an insulating housing.
  • the control mechanism 18, of known structure, comprises a control handle 20, an opening and closing spring 22 and a pole shaft 24 pivoting on bearings formed in intermediate walls of the housing.
  • the latter comprises a base 26 and a cover 28 which has been removed in FIG. 1, but can be seen in FIG.
  • Each pole comprises a fixed contact member 30 connected to a first contact pad 32, a movable contact member 34 connected to a second contact pad 36 and an arc extinguishing chamber 38.
  • the fixed contact member 30 comprises a metal piece 40 curved in half-loop, which supports a contact pad 42 defining a contact zone, and which extends towards the interior of the chamber by a lower arcuate horn 44 metal, at the potential of the fixed contact member 30.
  • the horn 44 has a receiving surface 45 (Figure 3) wide near the contact area and becomes narrower at the entrance to the chamber 38. It extends inside the chamber by a tongue providing a receiving surface 47 ( Figure 3).
  • the arc horn 44 is fixed on the fixed contact member on the one hand by two screws 46 (FIG. 3) close to the contact patch 42, and on the other hand inside the chamber by a screw 48 whose head is isolated from the contact member by a sleeve 50 of plastic material.
  • the chamber comprises an upper arc horn 52 and planar spacers 54 disposed between the lower arc horn 44 and the upper arc horn 52, perpendicular to the section plane II-II of Figure 2, which constitutes a median longitudinal plane pole.
  • the upper arch horn 52 has a curved rear end 56 whose rim partially delimits an inlet opening in the chamber 58.
  • the chamber is delimited laterally by side walls 59.
  • the chamber is provided with an opening outlet 60 provided with a gate 62, the inlet opening 58 being located between the contact zone formed by the fixed contact pad 42 and the outlet opening 60.
  • the movable contact member 34 comprises a movable support 66 pivoting about a first fixed geometric axis 68 relative to the base 26, and three contact fingers 70 pivoting about a second fixed geometric axis 72, disposed parallel and in a manner offset from the first.
  • a rod 74 ensures the coupling of the support 66 to the pole shaft.
  • the fingers 70 support at one end a contact pad 76 intended to ensure contact with the contact pad 42 supported by the fixed contact member 30.
  • the fingers 70 constitute at their other end a cam 78 with two side ramps and else of a dead point.
  • an elastic energy accumulator 80 comprising a spring 81 guided in a cage and pushing out of it a rod supporting a rotary roller. The roller is thus permanently in contact with the cam 78, so that the elastic energy accumulator 80 constitutes with the cam 78 a bistable mechanism.
  • the pole further comprises a U-shaped magnetic circuit 82 formed by a stack of transformer plates arranged perpendicularly to the longitudinal median plane II-II.
  • the magnetic circuit 82 comprises a base 84 extending perpendicularly to the plane of FIG. 2 and two lateral branches 86 which extend substantially parallel to the plane of FIG. 2.
  • the bent portion of the piece 40 of the fixed contact member 30 surrounds the base 84 of the magnetic circuit 82 so as to induce a magnetic flux function of the current flowing through the fixed contact member 30.
  • a rear portion 90 of the magnetic circuit laterally surrounds the contact zone formed by the fixed contact patch 42. Between the contact zone 42 and the chamber 38, the magnetic circuit 82 has an anterior portion 92 whose gap is narrower than that of the posterior part 90.
  • a screen 94 comprising two lateral insulating walls 96 is interposed between the lateral branches 86 of the contact zone 42.
  • the lateral insulating walls 96 consist of an arc-resistant insulating material, preferably a gas-generating material, in this case a polyamide heavily loaded with fiberglass (about 30%).
  • the insulating side walls 96 of the insulating screen 94 are parallel to the median longitudinal plane II-II of the pole, at a very short distance from the contact fingers.
  • the lateral insulating walls 96 of the screen 94 are also parallel to the median longitudinal plane, but at a shorter distance from each other.
  • the lateral insulating walls 96 of the screen 94 further comprise an intermediate portion plane and oblique with respect to the median longitudinal plane, making the junction between the posterior part and the anterior part.
  • the corridor constituted by the lateral insulating walls 96 of the screen 94 thus sees its width gradually shrink by one third, or even half, in the direction of the chamber 38, and constitutes a throat 98 opening at the entrance to the chamber.
  • the screen 94 further comprises anterior and posterior walls perpendicular to the median longitudinal plane, and protecting the anterior and posterior ends of the lateral branches of the magnetic circuit.
  • the screen 94 also has an internal coating 97 of insulation and protection in direct contact with the magnetic circuit.
  • the coating 97 is constituted by a liquid crystal polymer.
  • the operation of the device is as follows.
  • the circuit breaker In the closed position in FIG. 2, the circuit breaker allows the passage of current between the two contact pads 32, 36, through the contact members 30, 34 and the contact pads 42, 76.
  • the bistable mechanism 80 recalls the fingers 70 to the fixed contact pad 42, ensuring a sufficient contact pressure.
  • the intensity of the current is very high in the curved portion 40 of the fixed contact member 30 and induces a large magnetic flux in the magnetic circuit 82.
  • the magnetic circuit 82 concentrates the field lines between the side branches 86, in the contact zone and in the area swept by the fingers of contacts 70 during opening.
  • the contact fingers 70 which are also traversed by the short-circuit current, are subjected to repulsive forces induced by the magnetic field. These forces induced by the magnetic circuit add to the necking forces at the interface between the pads 42, 76, so that the contact fingers 70 pivot against the restoring force of the spring 81, until reaching the neutral position of the bistable mechanism 80. Beyond the dead point, the contact fingers 70 continue their travel in the clockwise direction to the separation position of FIG. 4, under the combined action of the spring 81 and the electromagnetic forces.
  • An electric arc is born between the contact pads 42, 76 as soon as they are separated, causing a sudden rise in temperature in the corridor.
  • the walls 96 of the screen cause a gas emission in the rear part and in the narrowed front part of the passage, so that the pressure increases in the corridor.
  • the arc subjected to the electromagnetic forces, curves towards the chamber 38 and the root of the arc migrates on the wide part of the lower arc horn 44, and tends to enter the chamber.
  • the root of the arc has an important section, depending on the intensity of the short-circuit current.
  • the width of the receiving surface 47 of the arc located on the part of the arc horn extending inside the chamber 38 is insufficient to allow migration of the root of the arc inside. of the chamber 38.
  • the root of the arc occupies the entire available surface between the contact patch 42 and the anterior end of the lower arcuate horn 44, within the chamber. In other words, a portion of the arc root remains on the wide receiving surface 44 of the lower arcuate horn, below the constriction 98, while another part of the arc root is on the narrower part 47 of the lower bow horn, directly in the chamber, until the extinction.
  • the head of the main arc migrates on the upper arc horn 52, whereas a secondary arc is formed in series with the first one between the end curved 56 of the upper arc horn and the contact fingers 70.
  • the head of the arc can enter the chamber, which avoids too much ablation of the walls of the housing near the door. curved end 56 of the upper arch horn.
  • the root of the arc remains at least partially on the wide portion 45 of the arc horn 44 located between the contact pad 42 and the constriction 98. Therefore, the effects necking and cooling of the arc caused by the convergence of the walls 96 extend throughout the duration of the cut, ensuring the maintenance of a high arc voltage until extinction of the arc.
  • the arc would tend to leave the chamber 38 and move back to the contact zone 42, to minimize the dissipated energy and reduce the arc voltage.
  • This is the field induced by the magnetic circuit 82, and in particular by the part of the circuit situated at the level of the throat 98, which acts continuously on the arc until it is extinguished, and prevents the arc from rolling backwards. to the contact pads 42, 76.
  • the reduction of the gap at the throttle 98 and the correlative increase of the magnetic field further promote this action.
  • the lateral insulating walls 96 of the screen 94 are subjected to the arc, in particular at the level of the throat 98. This is the reason why the constituent material of the Screen 94 must have great robustness.
  • the coating 97 makes it possible to ensure the isolation of the magnetic circuit in case of failure of the screen, particularly if molten metal drops can pass through one of the walls 96. Its function is to avoid in this case all risk of initiating an arc between the magnetic circuit 82 and one of the contact members.
  • the opening is confirmed by an opening order of the mechanism 18, which causes the support in the position of FIG. 5.
  • the opening When the opening takes place on small currents, it is initiated by the mechanism 18. There is then directly a passage from the position shown in Figure 2 to the position shown in Figure 5, without intermediate passage by the position of the Figure 4.
  • the field induced by the magnetic circuit 82 is sufficiently intense to project the arc to the chamber.
  • the section of the root of the arc is small so that the root of the arc manages to pass through the constriction 98 and enter completely into the chamber 38, to stabilize on the part 47 of the horn arc inside the chamber.
  • the passage of the constriction 98 gives rise to a cooling and a constriction of the arc.
  • the extinction of the arc occurs conventionally in the chamber 38.
  • the magnetic circuit 82 has a constant air gap from its posterior part to its anterior part. This embodiment is simpler than the previous one, and may be sufficient for lower cutoff performance.
  • the structure of the limiter circuit breaker may be different from that of the exemplary embodiment.
  • the invention also applies to a pole whose movable support of the movable contact member moves in translation.
  • the screen 94 may be loaded with mineral particles intended to give it a high degree of robustness, without impairing its dielectric properties. Good results have been obtained for example with zinc borate in proportions of up to 30% and beyond.
  • the mineral particles may or may not be added to the glass fibers.
  • the emission of gases by the walls 96 increases the pressure in the corridor.
  • This increase in pressure contributes to the constriction of the arc and the increase of the arc voltage.
  • the increase in pressure is not necessarily homogeneous, and a pressure gradient can occur due to the constriction, which tends to oppose the passage of the arc through the constriction. This is why it is considered that it is not absolutely necessary to use a gas generating material. In any case, it is advisable to choose a material that does not cause too much gas emission.
  • the magnetic circuit must be sized to counteract the effects of the pressure gradient on the arc.
  • the coating 97 may be omitted if the robustness and the durability of the screen 94 are sufficient to ensure the absence of priming at the magnetic circuit.
  • the length of the lower arcuate horn inside the chamber is not necessarily important. From the point of view of breaking the short-circuit currents under high voltage, it is always advantageous for a substantial portion of the arc root stationary on the portion 45 of the lower arc horn located between the contact patch and throttling, since this is how the arc is forced through the throttle 98 during the entire duration of the cut.
  • the prolongation of the arc horn inside the chamber is the result of a compromise allowing in particular to ensure cooling of the arc horn during the cut.
  • the upper arc-horn may be omitted, if the walls of the housing are at this level reinforced, or if a gas-forming effect is desired, for example to clean the contact pad 76.
  • the height of the constriction that is to say its dimension along an axis perpendicular to the plane of Figure 3, is not necessarily important. Experience shows that it is the lower part of the constriction, the closest to the lower bow horn, which is essential.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Breakers (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. - Pol für einen strombegrenzenden Niederspannungs-Leistungsschalter mit einem Ausschaltmechanismus (18), welcher Pol
    • ein Unterteil (26),
    • ein erstes feststehendes Schaltstück (30) mit einer Kontaktzone (42),
    • ein zweites Schaltstück (34) mit
    • einem beweglichen Träger (66), der dazu ausgelegt ist, mit dem Ausschaltmechanismus (18) verbunden zu werden, und der in Bezug zum Unterteil (26) zwischen einer Einschaltstellung und einer Ausschaltstellung verschoben werden kann,
    • mindestens einem beweglichen Kontaktfinger (70), der parallel zu einer Längsmittelebene (II-II) des Pols verschoben werden kann und dazu ausgelegt ist, in Bezug zum beweglichen Träger (66) in der Einschaltstellung eine Kontaktstellung, in welcher der Kontaktfinger (70) in Kontakt mit der Kontaktzone (42) des ersten Schaltstücks (30) steht, sowie eine Trennstellung einzunehmen, in welcher der Kontaktfinger (70) vom ersten Schaltstück (30) getrennt ist,
    • sowie einem elastischen Rückstellmittel (81), das dazu ausgelegt ist, den beweglichen Kontaktfinger (70) in Richtung seiner Kontaktstellung zu beaufschlagen, wenn sich der bewegliche Kontaktfinger (70) in der Nähe seiner Kontaktstellung befindet,
    • eine Lichtbogenlöschkammer (38) mit einer Auslassöffnung (60), die den Abströmweg aller beim Abschaltvorgang entstehenden Gase bildet, einer zwischen der Kontaktzone (42) und der Auslassöffnung (60) angeordneten Einlassöffnung (58), im Inneren der Lichtbogenlöschkammer (38) angeordneten Mitteln zur Aufnahme der Lichtbogenenergie (54) sowie Seitenwänden (59) zur seitlichen Begrenzung der Lichtbogenlöschkammer (38), wobei der senkrecht zur Längsmittelebene (II-II) zwischen den Seitenwänden (59) gemessene Abstand eine Breite der Lichtbogenlöschkammer definiert,
    • einen Magnetkreis (82) , der dazu ausgelegt ist, durch einen über die Schaltstücke (30, 34) fließenden Strom erregt zu werden, welcher Magnetkreis zwei Seitenschenkel (86) umfasst, die parallel zur Längsmittelebene (II-II), zu beiden Seiten derselben verlaufen und die Kontaktzone (42) umrahmen, und welcher Magnetkreis (82) dazu ausgelegt ist, ein Magnetfeld zu erzeugen, das bestrebt ist, den stromdurchflossenen Kontaktfinger (70) in die Trennstellung zu verschieben,
    • und eine Isolierstoff-Abschirmung (94) mit zwei, zwischen den Seitenschenkeln (86) des Magnetkreises und den Schaltstücken (30, 70) angeordneten Isolierstoff-Seitenwänden (96) umfasst, wobei die Isolierstoff-Seitenwände (96) der Isolierstoff-Abschirmung einen Kanal zwischen der Kontaktzone (42) und der Einlassöffnung (58) der Löschkammer bilden,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    • die Isolierstoff-Seitenwände (96) der Isolierstoff-Abschirmung (94) in einem Abstand zueinander angeordnet sind, der in der Nähe der Einlassöffnung (58) der Lichtbogenlöschkammer (38) kleiner ist als in der Nähe der Kontaktzone (42), und der in der Nähe der Einlassöffnung (58) der Lichtbogenlöschkammer (38) kleiner ist als die Breite der Lichtbogenlöschkammer (38), so dass der Kanal eine Verengung (98) zwischen der Kontaktzone (42) und dem beweglichen Schaltstück (34) einerseits und der Lichtbogenlöschkammer (38) andererseits bildet, welche Verengung (98) seitlich zumindest teilweise von den Seitenschenkeln (86) des Magnetkreises umrahmt wird,
    • der Pol darüber hinaus eine erste Aufnahmefläche (45) zur Aufnahme des Fußpunktes eines Lichtbogens aufweist, die zwischen der Kontaktzone (42) und der Verengung angeordnet und elektrisch mit dem ersten Schaltstück (30) verbunden ist.
  2. - Leistungsschalterpol nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er ein unteres Lichtbogenhorn (44), das elektrisch mit dem ersten Schaltstück (30) verbunden und an dem die genannte erste Aufnahmefläche (45) zur Aufnahme des Fußpunktes eines Lichtbogens sowie eine Verlängerung (47) ausgebildet ist, die in den Innenraum der Lichtbogenlöschkammer (38) ragt, welche Verlängerung (47) eine zweite Aufnahmefläche zur Aufnahme eines Lichtbogenfußpunktes bildet, deren Breite in einer senkrecht zur Längsebene (II-II) des Pols gemessenen Achse kleiner ist als die Breite der ersten Aufnahmefläche (45).
  3. - Leistungsschalterpol nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er darüber hinaus ein oberes Lichtbogenhorn (52) mit einem, in der Trennstellung in der Nähe des beweglichen Schaltstücks (34) angeordneten freien Ende umfasst, das in den Innenraum der Löschammer (38) ragt.
  4. - Leistungsschalterpol nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Seitenschenkel (86) des Magnetkreises (82) einen Luftspalt aufweisen, der im Bereich der Verengung (98) schmaler ist als im Bereich der Kontaktzone (42).
  5. - Leistungsschalterpol nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Magnetkreis (82) U-förmig ausgebildet ist, wobei der Mittelschenkel (84) unter der Kontaktzone (42) des feststehenden Schaltstücks (30) verläuft.
  6. - Leistungsschalterpol nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Isolierstoff-Abschirmung (94) ein gasabgebendes Material mit einer hohen Lichtbogenfestigkeit umfasst.
  7. - Leistungsschalterpol nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Isolierstoff-Abschirmung (94) ein glasfaserverstärktes Polyamid umfasst.
  8. - Leistungsschalterpol nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Isolierstoff-Abschirmung (94) ein mineralstoffverstärktes Polyamid umfasst.
  9. - Pol nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die im Innenraum der Lichtbogenlöschkammer angeordneten Mittel (54) zur Absorption der Lichtbogenenergie Trennstege (54) umfassen, die senkrecht zur Längsmittelebene verlaufen.
  10. - Strombegrenzender Niederspannungs-Leistungsschalter mit einem Ausschaltmechanismus (18) und mindestens einem Pol (10, 11 14, 16) nach irgendeinem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dessen beweglicher Träger (66) mit dem Schaltmechanismus (18) verbunden ist.
EP01410034A 2000-04-10 2001-03-30 Pol für einen strombegrenzenden Niederspannungsleistungsschalter und damit ausgestalteter Leistungsschalter Expired - Lifetime EP1146529B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0004545A FR2807565B1 (fr) 2000-04-10 2000-04-10 Pole pour un disjoncteur electrique limiteur de basse tension de puissance et disjoncteur muni d'un tel pole
FR0004545 2000-04-10

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EP1146529A1 EP1146529A1 (de) 2001-10-17
EP1146529B1 true EP1146529B1 (de) 2007-05-02

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US (1) US6373016B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1146529B1 (de)
DE (1) DE60128176T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2284603T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2807565B1 (de)

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CN104779103B (zh) * 2014-01-13 2019-07-09 施耐德电器工业公司 单极开关单元和包括一个这样的单元的开关单元

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US20010027961A1 (en) 2001-10-11
FR2807565A1 (fr) 2001-10-12
DE60128176T2 (de) 2007-12-20
FR2807565B1 (fr) 2003-03-14
US6373016B2 (en) 2002-04-16
EP1146529A1 (de) 2001-10-17
DE60128176D1 (de) 2007-06-14
ES2284603T3 (es) 2007-11-16

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