EP1145268A2 - Tube a ondes progressives multibande de longueur reduite capable de fonctionner a puissance elevee - Google Patents
Tube a ondes progressives multibande de longueur reduite capable de fonctionner a puissance eleveeInfo
- Publication number
- EP1145268A2 EP1145268A2 EP99959496A EP99959496A EP1145268A2 EP 1145268 A2 EP1145268 A2 EP 1145268A2 EP 99959496 A EP99959496 A EP 99959496A EP 99959496 A EP99959496 A EP 99959496A EP 1145268 A2 EP1145268 A2 EP 1145268A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- section
- output
- signal
- wave tube
- traveling wave
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- FRWYFWZENXDZMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-iodoquinoline Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=NC(I)=CC=C21 FRWYFWZENXDZMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LTPBRCUWZOMYOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium oxide Inorganic materials O=[Be] LTPBRCUWZOMYOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
- H01J25/34—Travelling-wave tubes; Tubes in which a travelling wave is simulated at spaced gaps
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a multiband traveling wave tube capable of operating at high power.
- This tube intended in particular to be used in airborne or space applications, must be relatively short.
- the development of techniques and the growing mastery of materials have made it possible to develop traveling wave tubes intended to operate in a very wide frequency band and which are relatively short.
- These tubes are known by the name of mini-TOP.
- mini-TOP are progressive wave tubes with a tight helical monobloc line. In terms of frequencies, we managed to obtain a ratio of at least three between the high frequency and the low frequency of the band.
- these tubes do not exceed thirty centimeters but from the power point of view they hardly reach more than a few tens of watts.
- obtaining a higher power leads to an increase in the propeller tension and an increase in its length.
- This channel does not lead to a multiband traveling wave tube, of reduced length, capable of operating at high power.
- the object of the present invention is a multiband traveling wave tube whose length is of the order of that of the mini-TOP but which is capable of operating at higher powers while maintaining a gain of the same order.
- the multiband traveling wave tube comprises a microwave line traversed by electrons and in which a signal is amplified.
- This microwave line successively comprises an input microwave line section separated from a succession of disjoint output microwave line sections, each output section working in one of the operating bands of the tube.
- the input section is connected, at one end, to means for inputting the signal to be amplified and works in a frequency band encompassing the operating frequency bands of the tube. It is intended to preamplify the signal to be amplified.
- the succession of output sections receives the preamplified signal, each of its output sections being intended to amplify it, if it is at a frequency included in its working frequency band and to let it pass practically without intervention, it is at a frequency outside its working frequency band, each of the output sections being connected at one end to means for outputting the preamplified signal which it has amplified.
- the central frequencies of the working bands of the output sections decrease with their distance from the input section.
- the microwave line sections are helical, each helix is held in a sheath by dielectric supports, the different sheaths being secured to each other.
- the inlet section includes dispersion correction means such as valves.
- the propeller of the first outlet section will preferably be given substantially the same length and / or the same internal diameter as that of the propeller of the inlet section.
- the helix wire of the first outlet segment will also preferably have the same cross-section as that of the helix wire of the inlet segment.
- the pitch of the helix of the first output section will preferably be smaller than that of the propeller of the inlet section.
- the length and / or the pitch and / or the internal diameter of the propellers of the outlet sections will increase with their distance from the inlet section. It is the same for the section of the propeller.
- the input section is provided with an attenuation zone at the opposite end to that connected to the input means of the signal to be amplified.
- each output section is provided with an attenuation zone at the end opposite to that connected to the output means of the signal which it has amplified.
- FIG. 2 an exploded schematic view of a traveling wave tube with tight propeller according to the invention
- - Figure 4a a cross section of the first outlet section;
- - Figures 4b, 4c respectively the normalized phase speed and the gain as a function of the frequency of the first output section of Figure 4a;
- Figure 1 shows schematically a multiband traveling wave tube according to the invention.
- a gun 1 to produce a beam 2 of electrons
- a body 3 in which there is an interaction between the electron beam 2 and a signal to be amplified
- a collector 4 to collect the electrons from the beam 2 as they exit the body 3.
- the electron beam 2 crosses between the input 6 and the output 7 of the body 3, a microwave line 8 formed of several sections h, h1 ..., hi, ... hn of disjoint microwave lines , arranged one after the other.
- the first section crossed by the beam 2 is a section h called input, others h1, hi, hn form a succession of so-called output sections and their number n is equal to the number of frequency bands B1 , Bi, Bn in which the tube is intended to operate, n being an integer greater than or equal to two.
- Each of the output sections h1, ... hi, ... hn is intended to work in one of the operating bands of the tube respectively B1 ..., Bi, ... Bn.
- Each frequency band B1 ..., Bi, ... Bn is centered on a central frequency respectively F1, Fi, Fn.
- Each frequency band is associated with an output segment.
- the electron beam 2 enters each of the sections h, h1, ... hi hn via an inlet end ee and leaves it through an outlet end es.
- the input section h is intended to function as a preamplifier in a very wide band B encompassing all the bands B1, Bi, Bn of operation of the tube.
- the input end ee of the input section h is connected to input means E of a signal to be amplified in the tube. Its outlet end is around the inlet end ee of the first outlet section h1.
- Each output segment h1, hi, hn of the succession is intended to amplify the preamplified signal in the input segment h, if the preamplified signal is at a frequency included in its working frequency band B1, Bi, Bn.
- the output sections h1, hi, hn have practically no action on the preamplified signal which passes through them and which is not at a frequency included in their working frequency band.
- Each of the output ends of the output sections h1, hi, hn is connected to output means S1, Si, Sn of the preamplified signal passing through it, if the latter has been amplified in said output section h1, hi, hn .
- the preamplified signal which traverses the first output segment h1 is amplified there, if its frequency is included in the band B1, it is then extracted by the output means S1. If the frequency of the preamplified signal is not in the band B1, the preamplified signal traverses the first output segment h1 practically, without coupling with the electron beam 2, and at the output end es of the first segment h1, it enters the second output segment h2 where it is amplified, if its frequency is in the band B2, then it is extracted. If its frequency is not in band B2, it enters the third output section h3 and so on from section to section until it is amplified in the appropriate section, then extracted.
- a signal of frequency F propagates in the output section hi (i integer between 1 and n - 2), if it is not amplified it means that the frequency F is not included in the Bi band.
- the frequency signal F is not extracted at the output end of the output segment hi and it then enters the next output segment hi + 1. If its frequency F is in the frequency band Bi + 1 associated with output section hi + 1, it is amplified and then extracted at the end es of said section hi + 1. If its frequency F is outside the band Bi + 1, it enters the next section hi + 2 and so on.
- FIG. 2 shows such a tube seen from the outside but whose casing 5 is partially open so as to reveal the various sections of microwave line h, h1, h2 which are in a helix.
- the other elements inside the envelope such as the barrel, the focusing device, the collector are not shown for the sake of clarity.
- the propellers 20, 21, 22 each inserted into a conductive sheath 11, 11.1, 11.2 are held in the sheath 11, 11.1, 11.2 using insulating supports 12, 12.1, 12.2.
- three insulating supports 12, 12.1, 12.2 are provided per helix (but only one is visible in FIG.
- the supports can be conventionally made of boron nitride, alumina or beryllium oxide for example.
- the propellers 20, 21, 22 are in contact with each other.
- the different sleeves 11, 11.1, 11.2 are integral with each other. This connection is waterproof.
- the input end ee of the input section h is connected to input means E of a signal to be amplified represented in the form of a coaxial line.
- the two output sections h1, h2 work respectively in the band B1, B2, of respective central frequency F1, F2.
- the frequency F1 is greater than the frequency F2.
- the output end es of the section h1 is connected to output means S1 of the preamplified signal if it has been amplified by said section h1.
- the output means S1 are represented by a waveguide which is conventional at high frequency.
- the output end es of the section h2 is connected to output means S2 of the signal which has been amplified by the section h2. In the example it is a coaxial line. It is understood that each of the entry and exit means could be of a different nature.
- the section h is intended to work in a very wide band B encompassing the two bands B1 and B2. We will see more precisely the characteristics of each of the line sections h, h1, h2.
- the input segment h comprises means of dispersion correction 13 such as valves for example.
- the valves 13 are distinct from the supports 12, these are conductors extending longitudinally along the propeller 20 and which project from the sheath 11 towards the propeller 20. These valves 13 are separated from the propeller 20 by a space 14. They are placed between the supports 12. Another type of valve can be used as shown in Figure 3b. These valves integrated into the dielectric supports are described in European patent EP-B- 0 401 065.
- the propeller is held by the dielectric supports 120 which are in turn supported by conductive elements 130 projecting from the inner wall of the sheath 11 towards the propeller 20.
- This configuration has the advantage of less obstructing the interior of the sheath, which makes it possible to reduce the time required for pumping and to improve the vacuum qualitatively.
- Figures 3a and 3b show cross sections of inlet section h.
- the internal diameter d of the propeller 20 is relatively small so that the section h can work as a preamplifier in the band B encompassing all the operating bands of the tube. This diameter depends on the frequency band to be amplified.
- FIG. 3c is a diagram of the normalized phase speed c / v ⁇ of the signal propagating in the input section h as a function of the frequency F. It is assumed in the example described that the tube is intended to operate in two bands B1, B2 centered respectively around the frequency F0 and the frequency 3F0.
- the normalized phase speed c / v ⁇ is the ratio of the phase speed v ⁇ to the speed of light c.
- the solid line curve is obtained in the inlet section h with valves 13 distinct from the supports 12 and the dotted curve is that which would be obtained in the absence of the valves 13.
- FIG. 3d is the gain G of the input section h as a function of the frequency F.
- the maximum gain Gmax is obtained in the median part of the curve, that is to say for a median frequency, the frequencies F0 and 3F0 are located on either side of the median frequency. In the operating bands B1, B2, the gain is approximately 4 to 5 dB lower than the maximum gain.
- the first output section h1 is the one that works in amplification at the highest frequency, here 3F0. Its operating band B1 is narrower than band B and the section h1 does not require dispersion correction means.
- FIG. 4a shows in cross section the first output section h1 with the dielectric supports 12.1. Its propeller 21 can be made to simplify with the same wire as the propeller 20 of the inlet section h if the desired power at the outlet es of the first outlet section is not too high. It will have substantially the same internal diameter d1 as that of the propeller 20 of the inlet section h since this first outlet section h1 is associated with the band B1 whose central frequency 3F0 is the highest.
- its pitch p1 may be smaller than that p of the propeller 20 of the input section h to maintain the synchronism between the speed of the electron beam and the speed of the signal which travels through it, synchronism acquired in the section h entry.
- the length 11 of the propeller 21 is linked to the gain necessary to obtain the desired power at the frequency 3F0. It is desirable that the gain of the first output segment h1 be greater than that of the input segment h1. However, the length 11 of the propeller of the first outlet section h1 can be of the same order as that of the propeller 20 of the inlet section h, since the gain per unit length of a helical line without means of dispersion correction is greater than that of a helical line with dispersion correction means.
- FIG. 4b shows the shape of the normalized phase speed as a function of the frequency for this first output segment h1 while FIG. 4c shows the shape of the gain as a function of the frequency.
- the gain is maximum for the center frequency 3F0.
- Figure 5a shows a cross section of the next outlet section h2 which here is the last. It is associated with the lowest central frequency band B2 F0.
- This second outlet section h2 also does not require dispersion correction means since the strip B2 is narrower than the strip B. It would be the same for all the other outlet sections.
- the internal diameter d2 of its propeller 22 is larger than that of the propeller 21 of the outlet section h1 which precedes it.
- the inner diameter of the propeller varies in material substantially inversely proportional to the operating frequency so that the amplification parameter remains constant.
- the ratio of the two diameters d1, d2 is approximately the same as that of the corresponding central frequencies 3F0, F0.
- the internal diameter of the propellers of the outlet sections h1, h2 increases with their distance from the inlet section h. With such a configuration, the diameter of the electron beam increases the closer one gets to the collector. The focusing of the beam is therefore done conventionally for a person skilled in the art.
- the supports 12.2 which hold the propeller 22 are adapted to the diameter of the propeller and to that of the section 11.2 of the sheath.
- the different sections 11, 11.1, 11.2 of sheath may not have the same diameter.
- the pitch p2 of the propeller 22 of the second output segment h2 is greater than that p1 of the output segment h1 which precedes it, still with the aim of maintaining synchronism between the speed of the electron beam and the speed of the signal which runs through the propeller 22. More generally, the pitch of the propellers of the outlet sections increases with their distance from the inlet section.
- the signal produced by the output segment h2 has a power greater than that of the signal produced by the output segment h1 which precedes it, which leads to giving the thread of the propeller 22 a larger section than that of the propeller wire 21. It is possible to reach, at the output of the output segment h2, powers three to four times greater than those obtained at the output of the output segment h1. By generalizing, the section of the wire of the propellers of the output sections will increase with their distance from the input section.
- the length 12 of the propeller 22 is related to the gain necessary to obtain the desired power at the frequency F0.
- the section h2 will be given a length 12 greater than that 11 of the outlet section h1 which precedes it because the frequency at which it works is lower. More generally in succession, the length of the propellers of the outlet sections increases with their distance from the inlet section.
- FIG. 5b shows the shape of the normalized phase speed as a function of the frequency for this second output section h2 while FIG. 5c shows the shape of its gain as a function of the frequency. The gain is maximum for the central frequency F0.
- an attenuation zone 30, 31, 32 is provided at the sections h, h1, h2 of the microwave line. More precisely, these attenuation zones cover the supports 12, 12.1, 12.2 of the propellers 20, 21, 22. These attenuation zones can be produced by a carbon deposit for example. These attenuation zones are located respectively the first 30 near the outlet end es of the inlet section h and the other 31, 32 near the inlet end ee of the respective outlet sections h1, h2 .
- the attenuation zone 31 of the first outlet section h1 has approximately the same length as that of the inlet section h.
- the attenuation zone 32 of another outlet section h2 is longer than that 31 of the outlet section h1 which precedes it.
- FIG. 6 shows the shape of the power P (expressed in dBm) of a signal injected with an amplitude Pe into the tube of FIG. 2 and which traverses the microwave line until it is extracted, ie at the level of the means of output S1, ie at the output means S2.
- the signal extracted at the output means S1 has an amplitude power P1 and is at the frequency 3F0.
- the signal extracted at the output means S2 has a power P2 and is at a frequency F0.
- the amplitude P2 is approximately three times greater than the amplitude P1.
- the powers drop sharply at the level of the attenuation zones 30, 31, 32 which are symbolized by triangles.
- the signal which is amplified therein has its amplitude which increases strongly as soon as it propagates beyond the corresponding attenuation zone 31, 32.
Landscapes
- Microwave Amplifiers (AREA)
- Microwave Tubes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9816358 | 1998-12-23 | ||
FR9816358A FR2787918B1 (fr) | 1998-12-23 | 1998-12-23 | Tube a ondes progressives multibande de longueur reduite capable de fonctionner a puissance elevee |
PCT/FR1999/003190 WO2000039832A2 (fr) | 1998-12-23 | 1999-12-17 | Tube a ondes progressives multibande de longueur reduite capable de fonctionner a puissance elevee |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1145268A2 true EP1145268A2 (fr) | 2001-10-17 |
EP1145268B1 EP1145268B1 (fr) | 2005-05-11 |
Family
ID=9534427
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99959496A Expired - Lifetime EP1145268B1 (fr) | 1998-12-23 | 1999-12-17 | Tube a ondes progressives multibande de longueur reduite capable de fonctionner a puissance elevee |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6483243B1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1145268B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2002533901A (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69925310D1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2787918B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2000039832A2 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2006134751A (ja) * | 2004-11-08 | 2006-05-25 | Nec Microwave Inc | 電子管 |
JP2013030377A (ja) * | 2011-07-29 | 2013-02-07 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | ヘリックス型進行波管およびヘリックス型進行波管の製造方法 |
CN103247503B (zh) * | 2013-04-17 | 2016-03-09 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十二研究所 | 一种太赫兹级联行波管倍频器件结构及制造方法 |
Family Cites Families (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2038785A5 (fr) | 1969-03-28 | 1971-01-08 | Thomson Csf | |
FR2040193A1 (fr) | 1969-04-18 | 1971-01-22 | Thomson Csf | |
US3938056A (en) * | 1971-01-18 | 1976-02-10 | Teledyne, Inc. | Method and apparatus for enhancing the output from a traveling wave tube |
US3753030A (en) * | 1972-06-01 | 1973-08-14 | Sperry Rand Corp | Gain compensated traveling wave tube |
FR2420842A1 (fr) | 1978-03-24 | 1979-10-19 | Thomson Csf | Ligne a retard, pour tube hyperfrequences, refroidie par circulation de fluide et tube hyperfrequences comportant une telle ligne |
FR2454694A1 (fr) | 1979-04-20 | 1980-11-14 | Thomson Csf | Tube a ondes progressives comportant des supports de ligne a retard a geometrie variable |
FR2532109A1 (fr) | 1982-08-20 | 1984-02-24 | Thomson Csf | Tube a onde progressive comportant des moyens de suppression des oscillations parasites |
US4475242A (en) * | 1982-11-10 | 1984-10-02 | Marc Rafal | Microwave communications system |
FR2543734B1 (fr) | 1983-03-31 | 1985-12-06 | Thomson Csf | Tube a onde progressive comportant un fourreau creuse de gorges et procede de fabrication |
FR2629634B1 (fr) | 1984-12-18 | 1990-10-12 | Thomson Csf | Tube a onde progressive comportant une ligne a retard du type en helice fixee a un fourreau par l'intermediaire de support dielectriques en nitrure de bore |
FR2608835B1 (fr) | 1986-12-19 | 1994-05-13 | Thomson Csf | Dispositif de couplage a large bande entre la ligne a retard d'un tube a onde progressive et le circuit externe de transmission de l'energie du tube, et tube a onde progressive comportant un tel dispositif |
FR2630257A1 (fr) | 1988-04-19 | 1989-10-20 | Thomson Csf | Tube a onde progressive comportant un dispositif de couplage entre sa ligne a retard et des circuits hyperfrequences externes |
FR2646285A1 (fr) | 1989-04-21 | 1990-10-26 | Thomson Tubes Electroniques | Tube a ondes progressives muni d'une ligne a retard a helice brasee |
FR2647953B1 (fr) | 1989-05-30 | 1991-08-16 | Thomson Tubes Electroniques | Mode de construction d'une ligne a retard a helice et tubes a ondes progressives utilisant ce mode de construction |
US5162747A (en) * | 1991-02-19 | 1992-11-10 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Velocity modulation microwave amplifier with multiple band interaction structures |
US5521360A (en) * | 1994-09-14 | 1996-05-28 | Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc. | Apparatus and method for microwave processing of materials |
-
1998
- 1998-12-23 FR FR9816358A patent/FR2787918B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-12-17 EP EP99959496A patent/EP1145268B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-12-17 JP JP2000591646A patent/JP2002533901A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-12-17 WO PCT/FR1999/003190 patent/WO2000039832A2/fr active IP Right Grant
- 1999-12-17 DE DE69925310T patent/DE69925310D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-12-17 US US09/869,125 patent/US6483243B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO0039832A3 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69925310D1 (de) | 2005-06-16 |
US6483243B1 (en) | 2002-11-19 |
JP2002533901A (ja) | 2002-10-08 |
FR2787918A1 (fr) | 2000-06-30 |
WO2000039832A3 (fr) | 2000-10-26 |
FR2787918B1 (fr) | 2001-03-16 |
WO2000039832A2 (fr) | 2000-07-06 |
EP1145268B1 (fr) | 2005-05-11 |
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