EP1143081A1 - Hut from prefabricated modules - Google Patents

Abstract

The shelter, having a basic dome shape with sides, a base (5) and a top (6), has the inner surface of each of its side modules (1) shaped so it is concave near the base and convex near the top, with a section of gradually varying curvature in between. Each module has a sandwich or multi-layer structure, with an insulating material between outer and inner walls e.g. of plastic, composition material or metal. The modules are fastened together by standard fixings such as screws, rivets or adhesive.

Description

The prefabricated barracks by means of modules which are transported and assembled on site are well known.

More concretely, we know the barracks that have approximately the shape of a hemisphere based on modules in the form of spherical half spindle, for example, Utility Models 164.457, 292.023, Patent 2134683 in Spain or U.S.A. Patent 2,176,712.

These barracks are usually used as a refuge and outdoors.

All known barracks suffer from an essential defect which is that, to exhibit acceptable resistive behavior in the face of the efforts of natural elements, such as wind and snow, each of these modules is made with an excessive thickness of material, which increases the price of its manufacturing, transport, handling and assembly.

This defect was resolved by the barrack which is the subject of the invention, since the geometry of each module changes so progressive from concave to convex.

A vertical section passing through the center of a module the invention forms a geometry, seen from the outside, in its upper part concave to reach the convex lower part. This geometry in the form of "S" implies a significant increase in the moment of inertia with respect to the axis of the element.

If we make a horizontal section, for example at the point means of the barrack set up, we can observe that its geometry is a repetition of concave forms which constitutes during the union of the elements a convex shape, which also assumes a moment of inertia with respect to the axis much larger than any other geometry of the proposals made so far.

This geometry improves the static behavior (loads of snow), as well as in repetitive variable intensity loads (wind action) of each module and the barrack as a whole, which, in turn, allows the use of lower thicknesses in the elements with the savings of resulting material.

The weight of the assembly is therefore lighter, which allows it to be mounted on soft soils and clearing areas, because it is not the ground need not be prepared to support pillars or supports punctual as often happens in the case of known prefabs.

• La conception de la géométrie de chaque élément est telle qu'il est construit comme une monopièce élémentaire, c'est-à-dire qu'il ne comporte pas d'autres parties ni de pièces de renforcement, n'ayant donc pas d'unions non plus.
• Les éléments sont empilés les uns sur les autres, ce qui garantit le pack d'emballage en ce qui concerne la sécurité, étant donné que chaque pièce s'emboíte dans une autre, empêchant des glissements entre les éléments et occupant un espace réduit, ce qui optimise aussi bien le transport que le stockage, du fait de la conception de la forme et de la structure de celle-ci.
• Amélioration de chaque élément individuel, sont les dimensions sont maintenues sans déformation et donc, en améliorant son comportement face à la cassure, chaque élément pouvant être manipulé individuellement, d'où un montage plus facile.

On the other hand:

• The design of the geometry of each element is such that it is constructed as an elementary one-piece, that is to say that it does not include other parts or reinforcing parts, therefore having no neither are unions.
• The elements are stacked on top of each other, which guarantees the packaging pack with regard to safety, since each piece fits into another, preventing slipping between the elements and occupying a reduced space, this which optimizes both transport and storage, due to the design of its shape and structure.
• Improvement of each individual element, are the dimensions are maintained without deformation and therefore, by improving its behavior in the face of breakage, each element can be handled individually, hence easier assembly.

The present invention recommends a barrack on the walls external in modules, of those which have four sides, two similar lateral ones between them, a lower and a higher, which is characterized by the fact that, seen from the exterior, the cross sections of the module have a concavity in the areas near the bottom side and convexity in areas near the side upper, with an intermediate zone of progressive change of curvature.

It is also characterized by the fact that the module has approximately the shape of a half-spindle of a sphere and the cross sections (st) being formed from the center of this sphere with different angles of inclination (α), (R ) being the radius of the sphere and (R ') the radius of curvature of each cross section (st) the result is, approximately, that: If α = 0 R '= R st = concave If 4 ° ≤ α ≤10 ° 1'5R ≤ R '≤ 2R st = concave if α = 45 ° R '= R / 2 st = convex if 70 ° ≤ α ≤80 ° R / 10 ≤ R '≤ R / 12 st = convex

To better understand the object of the present invention, a preferential way of practical realization is represented in the plans, susceptible of accessory changes which do not distort its foundation.

Figure 1 is a schematic height view of an embodiment practice of the invention where the barrack has approximately the shape of a hemisphere.

Figure 2 is a schematic half-view along section DD ' of a module (1) of Figure 1.

Figures 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d are schematic views according to the sections BB ', CC', KK ', QQ' respectively of figure 2, as if the module was complete.

Figure 4 is a schematic view along a section AA 'of Figure 1.

Figure 5 is a schematic perspective view of the module (1) with sandwich structures.

Figure 6 is a schematic half-view along section DD ' of a module of FIG. 1 with the sandwich structure of FIG. 5.

An example of a practical, non-limiting embodiment of the present invention is described below.

The barracks which are the subject of the invention may have a any shape in plan, for example of the circus tent type, ovoid, etc., although it will preferably have a hemispherical shape like that shown in Figure 1.

The modules (1) will have four sides: two lateral (3), (4) similar to each other, a lower side (5) and an upper side (6).

If the upper side (6) has a projection as to the dimensions similar to the lower side (5), the module (1) will have a rectangular shape, if it is different, it will have the shape of an isosceles trapezoid, as in figure 1, and if the side superior had zero dimensions, we would have an isosceles triangle.

The lateral sides (3), (4) will have conventional means fixing (8), (8 ') between them, for example, screwed, riveted, glued, bent, pressurized installation, etc.

The upper side (6) may include an arched crown (7), with or without hoop, with or without visor or opening (11), all so conventional.

The lower side (5), too, may include elements of reinforcement, union or sealing.

The material can be metallic, polymeric or composite, etc.

In FIG. 1, the surface (S) of each module has been represented. (1) which has an approximate half-spindle shape of a radius sphere generator (R), but the surface of this half-spindle does not have, at least in its cross-radial sections (what we know as parallels), a uniform radius and does not even maintain its concavity, and this is the essence of the invention.

In FIG. 4, it can be seen that, in a section AA practiced at about half the height of the barrack, the section (10) of each half spindle (1) is convex, seen from the inside, while the outside edge, i.e. the lower side (5) is concave.

We see (Figures 2 and 3) that as we increase the angle of inclination (α) with which the radial sections of the center (0) of the theoretical sphere, the curvature of the cross sections in the half-spindle of the module (1) changes little by little and goes from concave to convex, which allows improve the static and dynamic of the module, a significant increase of the moment of inertia being obtained with lower thicknesses.

The area of gradual change in curvature is, from preferably closer to the lower side (5) than to the upper side (6).

By way of example, good results are obtained, as regards the increase in habitability and in mechanical strength, under the conditions which are indicated below, (R ′) being the radius of curvature of each cross section (st) (Figure 3). SECTION R ' α CURVATURE st BB ' R '= R α = 0 ° CONCAVE CC' R '= 1'75 R α = 5 ° CONCAVE KK ' R '= R / 2 α = 45 ° CONVEX QQ ' R '= R / 11 α = 75 ° CONVEX

The structure of each half spindle (1) can be sandwiched or multilayer.

The sandwich structure can be constituted by a wall interior and another exterior having similar curvatures, the wall interior with a curvature of a sphere or any other, air or other material insulator being the intermediate product between the two surfaces.

The fact of constituting the barrack with an external structure modular and a modular interior structure also falls within the scope of the invention.

In Figures 5 and 6, we appreciate a module having a structure sandwich in which the inner wall is the one that has been identified as surface (s) of the module in FIGS. 1 to 4, which is made of polyester, thermoplastic, composite, metallic, etc .; the outer wall which, in this case, in the form of a sphere and which may be of a material similar to that indicated for the inner wall (S), even having a textile nature, for example canvas; With the inner wall (S), there is an insulating layer (11), for example the polyurethane, glass cloth, etc., and filling the whole, there is air (a). These elements (S), (Se), (11) must be mounted, preferably, on site, but they can go as a block.

For greater rigidity of the outer wall (Se), we can provide it with transverse ribs (12).

Claims (5)

Prefabricated barracks in modules, of those with four sides, two lateral ones similar to each other, a lower and an upper, characterized by the fact that, seen from the inside, the cross sections of the module have a concavity in the areas near the bottom side and a convexity in areas near the upper side, with an intermediate area gradual change in curvature. Prefabricated barracks in modules, according to claim characterized by the fact that the area of gradual change of curvature is closer to the lower side than to the upper side. Prefabricated barracks in modules, according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the module has approximately the shape of a half-spindle of sphere, its cross sections (st) being formed from the center of this sphere with different angles d 'inclination (α), (R) being the radius of the sphere and (R') the radius of curvature of each cross section (st), the result is, approximately, that: if α = 0 R = R ' st = concave if 4 ° ≤ a ≤ 10 ° 1'5 R ≤ R '≤ 2R st = concave if α = 45 ° R '= R / 2 st = convex if 70 ° ≤ α ≤ 80 ° R / 10 ≤ R '≤ R / 12 st = convex Prefabricated barracks in modules, according to claims above, characterized by the fact that the structure of each module is in sandwich or multilayer. Prefabricated barracks in modules, according to the fourth claim, characterized in that the sandwich structure consists of an inner wall, an outer wall and, at least, an insulating element between them.

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