Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/348—Structures composed of units comprising at least considerable parts of two sides of a room, e.g. box-like or cell-like units closed or in skeleton form
  • E04B1/34815—Elements not integrated in a skeleton
  • E04B1/3483—Elements not integrated in a skeleton the supporting structure consisting of metal

Definitions

• the present invention concerns a building system for erecting permanent and semipermanent buildings according to the introductory part of claim 1 , particularly for purposes like apartment buildings, hotels, hospitals, schools, kindergartens and office buildings.
• the invention especially relates to a building system for erecting buildings with two or more floors.
• the invention also concerns a supporting element and a module element for such a building system.
• the main object of the present invention is to provide a building system for erecting permanent and semi-permanent buildings, wherein the buildings can be assembled and disassembled easily and without damaging any of its components. It is thus an object to create a basis for new use, redesign and reuse of the modular elements and the other elements that are included in the construction. It is also an object to create a building system that makes it possible to use similar modular elements for all floors without having to consider particularly the weight placed on the lower modular elements of the building.
• the purpose of the present invention is to improve the versatility of such buildings and, in addition, to reduce the number of parts that have to be destroyed at the disassembly by making most parts reusable.
• module is meant any kind of building element that can be prefabricated and assembled into a building in the phase of assembly, especially an element that is prefabricated more or less identical in larg numbers.
• Modular elements include rooms for overnight stay in a hotel/ motel, office rooms, classrooms for a school, apartment rooms, patient rooms for a hospital, parts of elevator shafts, parts of stairway housings etc.
• the present invention provides the possibility of reusing such elements without the need for any reconstruction or oversizing (over designed safety factor), still independent of floor level. This improves the degree of real recovery without redesign of buildings assembled according to the building system according to the invention.
• the invention provides the possibility of performing an industrial renewal and/ or redesign.
• the invention also provides the possibility of assembly within a building construction site without the use of scaffolding.
• the building assembly can take place from the top of the modular elements as the assembly progresses in height.
• the interconnection between the separate module elements, e.g. of electrical cables, water and sanitary outlets etc. can take place after the assembly is complete, from inside each of the separate modular elements.
• the invention also concerns a supporting element as stated by claim 9.
• a supporting element provides the particular advantage that it allows assembly from the top side of the modular elements without having access to the underside. Further details of the supporting element are disclosed by claims 10 and 11.
• the invention comprises a modular element as stated by claim 12.
• Such a modular element provides the particular advantage that construction can be performed with a carefully precalculated size which determines minimal required strength and still with the benefit that the module contributes to the total strength of the building, especially to withstand forces in a horizontal direction.
• An especially advantageous embodiment is disclosed by claim 13.
• Fig. 1 shows a vertical section through a six-floor high semipermanent building which is built with the building system according to the invention
• Fig. 2 shows the start-up of the assembly of a semi-permanent building according to the invention, where there are two rows of stacked modular elements placed against each other,
• Fig. 3 shows an enlarged and sectionahzed part of a supporting pillar according to the invention, said pillar being a part of the supporting and locking element shown by fig. 2
• Fig. 4 shows a vertical section through the support pillar shown by fig. 3
• Fig. 5 shows a horizontal section through the supporting pillar of fig. 4, with adjacent parts of two modular elements according to the invention.
• Figure 1 illustrates a building 11 erected on a base 12 e.g. a concrete base. Two rows have been stacked, each with six modular elements 14, -14 6 and 15, -15 6 , on top of each other. Each row may comprise two or more stacks in a row, as further shown on fig. 2.
• a supporting and locking element 16 extending between adjacent modular elements and which can be used externally on the modular elements facing a front. Details of such a supporting and locking element 16 are shown by fig. 2.
• the modular element can be a room of an apartment, a classroom of a school, a guest room for a hotel or motel, a patient room for a hospital or a patient care institution, an office room for an office building or other forms of elements for buildings to be erected in several floors, e.g. elevator shafts and stairway housings, parts of larger rooms where the modules are missing one or more walls, elements for stands and rooms for storage houses.
• the size of the modular elements can be arbitrary, but within the parameters defined by the building system, i.e. with a fixed height from floor to floor and with dimensions which by regulation are adapted for reuse, so that modular elements from different buildings can be combined with each other.
• the ideal situation is to develop a regulatory system that provides maximized possibility for the reuse of the modular elements without any changes.
• the invention will, however, make it economically feasible to rebuild the elements from one building so that they are adapted to another and differently dimensioned building. In this way the invention provides the architect a certain degree of freedom with respect to variations in dimensioning without forfeiting the main advantages of the building system.
• a removable roof truss construction 17 is mounted for supporting a sheet roof 18.
• Fig. 2 illustrates the assembly of the first floor of a building according to the present invention.
• grip members or fastening means 19 are attached either by way of casting or by securing with anchor bolts.
• Grip members 19 are localised in positions corresponding to the corners of the respective modular elements 14, 15 when these are put into place.
• the grip members 19 are shown in a modified form by fig. 3, and will be described in further detail below.
• Fastening means can be designed with a first mounting hole which is oversized in order to perform the first adaption of the position in both sideways directions and in the vertical direction, and with a second mounting hole which has a tight fit for a fastening bolt. This can be performed in a known manner.
• the supporting/locking elements 16 have a pillar 21, 22 at each end, which will also be described in further detail with reference to fig. 3.
• the two pillars 21, 22 are attached by two crossbars 23, 24 of plate steel, which hold the pillars 21, 22 together and provides support so that the force on top of one pillar is transferred to the foot of the neighbouring pillar
• the figure shows how a supporting/locking element 16 is being lowered down mto the space between two modular elements
• fences 55 may be utilized during the mounting process 5
• Figure 3 illustrates a grip member 19 for an intersection between four modular elements and a corresponding pillar 21 for a supporting/ locking element 16
• the g ⁇ p members 19 which in figure 4 is shown in an embodiment 19' for use in a frontal position has a base plate 26 that carries two pairs of extending inverted U-shaped hoops 27, 28 placed side by side with a space in between each pair Between these two pairs is
• the base plate 26 is either provided with downwards extending g ⁇ p claws (not shown) to be secured by casting into a base, or with a hole for an attachment bolt
• the co-operative function with the adjacent elements will be desc ⁇ bed herein below
• the pillar 21 is arranged on top of a supporting tube 31 with rectangular cross-section (see fig 5) On its top is arranged a cover plate 32 across its axis, said cover plate extending outwards (over) both longitudinal sides, or over one longitudinal side when used at a front module
• a fill plate 33 connected to the cover plate 32 by a central tubmg 34 with room for a fastening bolt
• the fastening bolt 35 has at its lower end a hammerhead 36 e g according to DIN261, while the upper end is threaded for a nut 37 over a lock washer 38 with extensions that can constitute a support base against a pair of locking pms 39
• the hammerhead 36 of the fastening bolt 35 will be lowered into the square recess 30 on top of the U-hoop 29 and turned 90 degrees into locking connection with the U-hoop.
• two square holes 40 and 41 in the cover plate 32 are being positioned down over two "ears" 42 and 43 which extend up from the fastening bracket 25 of the adjacent modular element 14, 15.
• the "ears" 42, 43 are two U-hoops arranged upside down corresponding to the U-hoops 27, 28 on the fastening means 19, and with a square form that fits the square holes 40, 41. More details of the fastening bracket 25 are shown by fig. 4 and elaborated herein.
• the fastening bracket 25' of the next level modules will come to rest against the supporting/locking element 16, which means that it will transfer its weight to the pillars 21, 22 as shown in fig. 4.
• the pillars 21, 22 will thus fill a double function, they will support the load weight from the modular elements 14, 15 above so that these are lying without any load from floor to floor, whereas all load weight is being transferred over the pillars 21, 22.
• the pillars 21, 22, or more precisely the bolts 35 manage the tensional forces, so that forces in an upwards direction caused by wind forces against a tall building, will be managed without any loads being transferred to the separate modular elements.
• each modular element can be designed to be self-supporting only, and without having to withstand any recipovical transfer of forces between the elements.
• Fig. 4 illustrates the corner of a modular element 14, 15 with a fastening bracket 25.
• the fastening bracket 25 is arranged on top of a supporting tube 44 with rectangular cross-section (see fig. 5) which has been lowered down onto the lower edge of the modular element to rest against the cover plate 32 of a grip member 19 (fig. 3) or an underlying pillar 21, 22.
• the supporting tube 44 is shut at its upper end by means of an end plate 45 that serves as a base for the "ears" 42, 43 which in addition is locked with a through running bolt 46.
• the cavity in the preferably steel formed pillar 21, 22 may be filled with concrete 47 or another non-mmelting heat resistant material.
• the fastening bolt 35 is during mounting, tightened in such a manner that it sets the tubing 31 under a low initial tension.
• a set of or layer of modular elements 14, 15 corresponding to one floor level is placed one by one to engagement between the upwards extending ears 42, 43 of an underlying set of moduare elements and the fastening brackets 25 of an overlying set of modular elements.
• This ensures the transfer of sideways forces between the modular elements and the pillars 21, 22 as well as the transfer of the load weight to the pillars.
• the crossbars 23, 24 contribute to the sideways stability of the building.
• the floor 53 and the roof 54 of the modular elements serve as rigid plates and contribute to the transfer of horizontal forces to the spaces where the crossbars are arranged, without the need for any oversizing.
• Disassembly takes place by the reverse procedure. This means that the modular elements and the building can be taken apart without any damage or other unwanted effect due to the assembly or disassembly. In this way the invention makes it possible to reuse both the modular elements and the supporting/locking elements of a regulated building.
• Fig. 5 shows how the groove at the corner between two modular elements 14, 15 can be used to isolate the support construction, i.e. the pillars 21, 22, against fire.
• a groove 48 can be filled with a fire insulating and heat resistant material 49 like rock wool or other special isulating material. This can surround both the pillars 21, 22 and the supporting tube 44 for each corner of a modular element 14, 15. Between the supporting tubes 44 is also arranged a sealing tube 50.
• the groove 48 is, on its outside covered by a covering plate 51 to provide a smooth outer surface.
• the invention provides a series of advantages, both technical, economic and environmental. The most important is the versatility in use.
• the invention makes it possible for the first time to build semipermanent tall buildings, where it is possible to reuse the main part of the elements without the need for any redesign. Assembly and disassembly can take place within acceptable economic time frames , while simultaneously maintaining the possibility to performe environmental or other adjustments of the modules between disassembly and the reuse.
• the invention makes it possible to erect versatile buildings at lower costs since the reuse allows budgeting with a higher second hand value for temporary buildings. This again implies that the planning can be made simpler both technically and administratively.
• the example above can be modified in several ways.
• the pillars 21, 22 may be designed as supporting tubes with a C-profile. They may further be arranged as supporting tubes that face the front.
• the tubes 32 and 44 in the examples are made of steel. It may also be convenient to use types of composite materials that are not weakened when exposed to high temperatures.
• the ears 42, 43 may be pins which extends upwards with tapered upper ends.
• the locking element may be arranged at the lower edge of each pillar 21, 22 , e.g. as a wedge that is arranged to enter a recess, and which may be positioned from above by means of an activation rod without any load weight being transferred to the activation rod.
• a locking element would need the ability for removal to be performed in a similar manner.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
• Warehouses Or Storage Devices (AREA)
• Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
• Building Environments (AREA)
• Non-Silver Salt Photosensitive Materials And Non-Silver Salt Photography (AREA)
• Supports For Pipes And Cables (AREA)
• Building Awnings And Sunshades (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (2)

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ID=19902743

Family Applications (1)

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• 1998
  • 1998-12-15 NO NO985885A patent/NO310035B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1999
  • 1999-09-17 AT AT99946453T patent/ATE301214T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1999-09-17 EP EP99946453A patent/EP1141496B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1999-09-17 DK DK99946453T patent/DK1141496T3/da active
  • 1999-09-17 AU AU58855/99A patent/AU5885599A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1999-09-17 DE DE69926539T patent/DE69926539T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1999-09-17 WO PCT/NO1999/000286 patent/WO2000036238A1/en active IP Right Grant

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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