EP0485317B1 - Fertigteil-Modularbau - Google Patents

Fertigteil-Modularbau Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0485317B1
EP0485317B1 EP91500123A EP91500123A EP0485317B1 EP 0485317 B1 EP0485317 B1 EP 0485317B1 EP 91500123 A EP91500123 A EP 91500123A EP 91500123 A EP91500123 A EP 91500123A EP 0485317 B1 EP0485317 B1 EP 0485317B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
construction
fact
roof
per
pillars
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP91500123A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0485317A1 (de
Inventor
José Carlos Goyeneche Florez
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
Priority claimed from ES9002802A external-priority patent/ES2026762A6/es
Priority claimed from ES9100735A external-priority patent/ES2031424A6/es
Priority claimed from ES9102223A external-priority patent/ES2038543B1/es
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0485317A1 publication Critical patent/EP0485317A1/de
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Publication of EP0485317B1 publication Critical patent/EP0485317B1/de
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/348—Structures composed of units comprising at least considerable parts of two sides of a room, e.g. box-like or cell-like units closed or in skeleton form
    • E04B1/34815—Elements not integrated in a skeleton
    • E04B1/3483—Elements not integrated in a skeleton the supporting structure consisting of metal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/343—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport
    • E04B1/34315—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport characterised by separable parts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
    • E04B2001/1924—Struts specially adapted therefor
    • E04B2001/1927—Struts specially adapted therefor of essentially circular cross section
    • E04B2001/193—Struts specially adapted therefor of essentially circular cross section with flattened connecting parts, e.g. ends
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
    • E04B2001/1981—Three-dimensional framework structures characterised by the grid type of the outer planes of the framework
    • E04B2001/1984—Three-dimensional framework structures characterised by the grid type of the outer planes of the framework rectangular, e.g. square, grid
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
    • E04B2001/199—Details of roofs, floors or walls supported by the framework

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a prefabricated modular construction, specially designed for use as a one- or two-story enclosure or dwelling.
  • the invention is intended for the construction of one- or two-story enclosures to be used for commercial purposes.
  • the prefabricated modular constructions currently on the market generally require that additional work be done in advance to prepare the ground, including tbe pouring of concrete foundations and slabs upon which the prefabricated buildings will rest.
  • a building system for dismountable structures comprises one or several floor structures which are built up by primary and secondary beams, the primary beams supporting the loads from the floor structure.
  • the primary beams are provided with two horizontal load supporting sliding tracks which are placed one above the other and support a vertical yoke in which the secondary beam is fastened, the yoke being freely movable to any position along the primary beam.
  • the secondary beam has a flange supporting a pendulum which is slidable along the beam and the lower part of which can be moved steplessly along a ceiling which extends perpendiculary to the secondary beam and is designed so as to support ceiling elements.
  • the purpose of this invention is to develop a prefabricated modular construction that eliminates the disadvantages mentioned above.
  • the construction subject of the invention can be assembled without the need for any excavation or foundation work. Moreover, the construction is designed so that all of its components can be easily assembled and disassembled, with connections being made with nuts and bolts, which permits the subsequent reuse of all the components. Because of the size of said components, they can be easily carried and handled by two people.
  • the construction according to the invention is defined in claim 1 and consists of an above-ground foundation, a floor, a series of vertical columns, a roof, outside walls, and a dropped ceiling.
  • the above-ground foundation consists of a frame having the same outline as the construction, and crossbeams which are level with the frame. The columns and the floor rest on this foundation. Said foundation is designed to be placed on an existing slab and can accommodate slight gradients in the ground, for which purpose leveling devices are provided for the other components of the construction.
  • the frame consists of metal parts with a right angle cross section, which are fastened to one another.
  • the crossbeams are inverted T-beams.
  • the floor of the construction consists of plates resting on and attached to the foundation. Said plates are rectangular in shape and rest on the frame. These plates consist of an upper hardwood layer, a fretted or grooved steel bottom sheet, and a filler of rigid polyurethane, with the whole surrounded by a frame.
  • the vertical columns rest on the foundation and are braced by attachment to the floor plates and a perimetric header beam. These supports are tubular and have a square cross-section. The system is made rigid by the use of diagonal struts.
  • the foundation of the construction may consist of a number of independent bearing plates, an outer frame, and upper frames into which the floor plates are fitted.
  • Said plates are arranged in a single plane and coincide with the vertices of a grid, between which vertices are located the points of support of the vertical columns.
  • In the center of the upper surface of the plates is a more or less hemispherical depression in the same position as the vertex occupied by the plate.
  • peripheral bearing plates are placed on the outer frame.
  • This frame will preferably have a more or less C-cross section and will run all the way around the perimeter of the construction, with the perimetric bearing plates positioned within and on the bottom.
  • the upper frames mentioned above rest on the floor plates. These frames consist of steel sections approximately equal in length to the side of the grid and of intermediate connections in the same position as the vertices of said grid. Each of these connections is positioned on one of the bearing plates.
  • the connections upon which a column rests have a vertical central opening to allow for the passage of an axial leveling bolt which projects from the bottom of said column. This bolt rests on the bearing plate beneath it, in the depression thereof.
  • the bearing plates occupying peripheral positions in the grid i.e., those located on the outer frame, will preferably have a C-cross section and will have an external contour identical to the that of the interior of the sections of the outer frame so that they can be tightly fastened to them.
  • the walls of these plates and the sections of the outer frame will have holes that can be aligned for the passage of anchor bolts. In this way, said bearing plates can also serve as connectors between the consecutive segments of the outer frame. Bearing plates not positioned at the joints of consecutive sections of the outer frame and those located in the corners of the outline defined by said frame do not require said walls.
  • Each of the sections comprising the frames consists of two externally contiguous longitudinal C-sections, the central members of which are joined, the end members being of different lengths and the lower being the longer of the two.
  • the central member of the two C-sections are slightly separated, leaving a space on either side, which is designed to receive one of the radial lugs of the intermediate connections joining the sections.
  • Each of these intermediate connections consists of a cylindrical sleeve from the exterior of which extend four radial axial wings or lugs arranged in the shape of a cross. These lugs, as mentioned above, fit into the space at the end of the four sections of the frames joined by each connection, the sections and wings being connected by means of bolts passed through the aligned holes.
  • the cylindrical sleeves of the intermediate connections can be divided axially into four identical pieces, each of which extends, from its upright edges, into identical, perpendicular plates which are contiguous and with the adjacent plates of consecutive pieces being joined together to form the radial axial wings of these sleeves.
  • the bottom of the sleeve rests on a coaxial nut, into which is turned a threaded rod that traverses the sleeve and terminates, at its upper end, in a polygonal head, while the bottom end, which is hemispherical, rests on the depression of the foundation bearing plate beneath it.
  • the lower end of the column terminates in a base plate which has a central threaded opening into which the rod is turned, the upper portion terminating in a head which is accessible through an opening in the column.
  • the sleeve is provided, by means of a second internal sleeve, with a coaxial nut into which is turned a threaded rod, the lower end of which is more or less hemispherical and which rests on the depression of the bearing plate beneath it, while the upper end can terminate in a polygonal head or can have a diametrical slot which is accessible through the sleeve of the connection.
  • the rod can also have, below the sleeve, a diametrical drilled hole.
  • the roof consists of an open latticework of pyramidic modules, which is placed atop the vertical columns.
  • the latticework consists of bars with a circular cross section, the ends of which are fastened in connections by means of a vertical bolt. The bars can be connected because the ends are flattened and are provided with a hole.
  • Atop the latticework is placed a layer of roofing panels with rigid polyurethane insulation and peripheral gutters for the collection of water, also made of bent sheet metal. Lapilli-type volcanic gravel can be spread over the surface of the roofing panels.
  • the open latticework extends beyond the roofing and has tronco-pyramidic planters in the inverted pyramidic modules adjacent to the edges.
  • Around the roofing layer is an upper lateral enclosure consisting of pieces of drilled triangular sheet metal positioned between the bars of the latticework at an angle of 45° to the exterior, coinciding with the interior plane of the latticework of the roof.
  • the outside walls of the construction as well as the interior partitions consist of solid panels and window frames attached by nuts and bolts to the vertical columns.
  • the panels can be made of sheet steel with a frame and a filler of rigid polyurethane.
  • the dropped ceiling consists of panels of insulating material held in place by suspended intermediate frames and the exterior walls by means of an outer frame attached to said exterior walls.
  • the space between the dropped ceiling and the roof serves as a ventilation space.
  • the construction subject of the invention also makes it possible to erect buildings of at least two stories using components that are virtually the same for all floors, so that the construction of buildings of two or more stories does not require an increase in the number of different parts or components used in the construction. Similarly, the simplicity of assembly and disassembly is preserved, comparable in the case of two or more floors to that of single-story buildings.
  • the vertical columns of the construction are divided into two identical segments, an upper and lower, both segments having at their lower end a means of support of adjustable height and at their upper end a base plate which is designed, in the case of the lower segment of the columns, to hold the means of support of the upper segment, while in the upper segment said plate is designed to hold the means of support of the roof.
  • the lower segments of the columns rest on the plates of the foundation, while the upper segments rest on the heads of the lower segments, so that the structure of the upper story is supported on the columns of the structure of the lower story.
  • the roof of the building and the floor of the second and subsequent stories include identical three-dimensional structures consisting of bars, which structures are attached, by means of connections in the same position as the columns, to the means of support of the roof and the upper segment of the columns.
  • the floor of the first and second stories is of identical construction, consisting of a framework comprised of frames upon which the floor plates rest and are arranged, said frames consisting of peripheral sections and intermediate connections.
  • each of the segments of said columns consists of three vertical tubular sections coinciding with other such connections of the structure of the first floor. These sections are connected to one another in each segment by means of a triangular latticework consisting of intermediate diagonal bars, which bars are attached at their ends to the vertical sections.
  • a triangular latticework consisting of intermediate diagonal bars, which bars are attached at their ends to the vertical sections.
  • the section closest to the wall is axially shifted upward with respect to the other two sections, by a distance equal to the height of the three-dimensional structure of the roof.
  • the two sections furthest from the wall are shorter than the third section, by a length equal to the height of the three-dimensional structure of the floor of the second story.
  • the upper and lower connections without columns consist of a vertical bolt, which connects and attaches the ends of the bars joined by said connections.
  • Attached to the bolts of the upper connections of the roof structure are sections or beams for the support of roofing panels, and to the bolts of the lower connections of both the roof structure and the floor of the second story are attached sections from which are suspended dropped ceiling panels.
  • Affixed to the bolts of the upper connections of the structure of the floor of the second story are upper nuts, upon which the intermediate connections of the frames of the floor will rest.
  • the various possible types of panels are joined by using a smaller number of sections which, by means of either mutual or direct connection with the adjacent edges of the panel, permit their attachment, with a clearly discernible separation between consecutive panels.
  • a gutter adjacent to the lower surface of the roofing panels and which is supported by clamps attached to the upper end of the threaded rods comprising the elements of support of the roof structure on the columns adjacent to the outer walls.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of a prefabricated modular construction, built in accordance with the invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic cross section of the construction of Figure 1, along the line II-II.
  • Figure 3 is a horizontal projection of the foundation of the construction.
  • Figure 4 is a front elevation of one of the parts comprising the frame of the foundation.
  • Figure 5 is a large-scale representation of detail A of Figure 2.
  • Figure 6 is a view similar to Figure 5, including an lengthening device.
  • Figure 7 is a view similar to Figure 5 showing an intermediate support on one of the crossbeams of the foundation.
  • Figure 8 is a front elevation of one of the plates of the outer frame of the foundation upon which one of the vertical columns rests.
  • Figure 9 is a large-scale representation of the overhang of the open latticework of the roof, including the roofing panel.
  • Figure 10 is a large-scale representation of detail B of Figure 9.
  • Figure 11 is a horizontal projection of a preferred embodiment of the foundation.
  • Figure 12 is a partial perspective of the outer frame with the bearing plates in place.
  • Figure 13 is a partial perspective of the frames upon which the floor plates are placed.
  • Figure 14 is a large-scale cross section along line XIV-XIV of Figure 11.
  • Figure 15 is a perspective view of the connection shown in the cross section of Figure 14.
  • Figure 16 is a large-scale cross section along line XVI-XVI of Figure 11.
  • Figure 17 is a perspective view of the connection shown in Figure 16.
  • Figure 18 is an interior perspective view of a two-story construction built in accordance with this invention.
  • Figure 19 is a partial side elevation of the structure of the construction of Figure 18.
  • Figure 20 is a partial horizontal projection of the foundation of the construction of Figure 19.
  • Figure 21 shows the beginning of the columns adjacent to the outside walls, with a cross section of the floor plates.
  • Figure 22 is a view similar to Figure 21 with a cross section of one of the columns.
  • Figure 23 is a large-scale representation of detail A of Figure 19.
  • Figure 24 is a large-scale representation of detail B of Figure 19.
  • Figure 25 is a large-scale representation of detail C of Figure 19.
  • Figure 26 shows the corner where the structure and the roof meet.
  • Figure 27 is a large-scale detail of the corner of the structure shown in Figure 26.
  • Figure 28 is a cross section of a detail of the point where the exterior panels meet and are connected.
  • Figure 29 is a view similar to Figure 28, showing the connection between an exterior panel and a window panel.
  • Figure 30 is a view similar to Figures 28 and 29 showing the connection between two window panels.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of a prefabricated modular construction with a rectangular floor plan, built in accordance with the invention.
  • the construction includes an above-ground foundation, generally indicated by the number 1, a floor indicated by the number 2, a series of vertical columns 3, a roof generally indicated by the number 4, outer walls 5 and a dropped ceiling 6.
  • the above-ground foundation as shown in Figure 3, consists of an outer frame 7 and a series of crossbeams 8 level with the frame 7.
  • the frame determines the shape of the building.
  • the columns 3 and the floor 2 rest on this foundation.
  • the foundation described above is built in such a way that it can be placed on existing slabs and can accomodate slight gradients.
  • the outer frame consists of metal parts 9 having a right angle cross section, which are fastened to one another.
  • the crossbeams 8 are metal inverted T-beams.
  • the floor consists of floor plates, square or rectangular in shape, each of which consists of an upper hardwood layer, indicated by the number 14, a fretted or grooved bottom steel plate, indicated by the number 15, and a filler of rigid polyurethane.
  • the plates so formed are surrounded by a metal section 16 which is Z-shaped along certain edges, while along other edges it is C-shaped, as shown in Figure 7, which also shows a cross-section of the crossbeams 8, in the form of an inverted T, the vertical central member having vertical slots and heads 12 like those described with regard to Figure 4 for the parts comprising the frame.
  • the central member of the frame of the floor plates is attached to the vertical member or wall 11 of the metal parts of the outer frame by means of bolts 17.
  • the upper member of the Z-section rests on vertical threaded rods 18, attached to the heads 12 of the parts 9 of the outer frame. Due to the length of the vertical slots 12 of the parts 9 of the outer frame and the possibility of adjusting the height of the threaded rods 18, the sections 16 of the floor plates can be perfectly supported on the foundation, thus accommodating even slight gradients.
  • the floor plates are supported on the crossbeams 8 in the same way, as shown in Figure 7.
  • the rods 18 preferably have a head at the upper end to support the section 16 and are turned into the drilled hole of the heads 12.
  • Figure 17 shows how the floor plates are placed side by side by means of Z- and C-sections 16.
  • the floor plates can be rectangular in shape, one of these plates being represented by a broken line, which is indicated by the number 19, this plate resting, by means of the section 16 thereof, on the outer frame 9 and one of the crossbeams 8.
  • the outer frame 7 provides, in certain parts 9, a base for the vertical columns 3.
  • This base consists of a plate 20 located on the horizontal member or wall of the parts 9, coinciding with an opening in the vertical member or wall 11.
  • the columns 3 consist of tubular sections which have at their lower end a coaxial leveling bolt 21, the bottom of which ends in a spherical cap-shaped head that rests on an identically-shaped depression 22 provided in the upper surface of the plate 20.
  • the plates 20 that support the vertical columns 3 are located at the corners of the frame, at the points of contact between the sides of the frame and the crossbeams 8, and in the center of the shorter sides of the frame. In any case, the position of the plates 20 will be determined by the position of the vertical columns.
  • braces 23 which support the floor plates, to which they are attached by bolts.
  • the vertical columns are attached at their upper end to a peripheral header beam 24, for example in the shape of an inverted C, which encloses the upper end of said columns. The rigidity of the system is assured by the use of diagonal struts.
  • the roof 4 as shown in Figures 2, 9 and 10, consists of an open latticework of pyramidic modules of typical configuration, formed by bars as having a circular cross section, the ends of which are attached in connections 26 by means of a vertical bolt.
  • the end sections of the bars are flattened and provided with holes.
  • This open latticework is mounted atop the vertical columns, for which purpose, as shown in Figure 10, each of the columns 3 has at its upper end a threaded axial rod 27, to which is attached the end of the bars 25 joined by the connections of the framework of the roof located on said columns.
  • Figure 10 shows how the flat end of the various bars joined by the connection are overlapped and traversed by the vertical bolt, in this case the threaded rod 27 attached to the upper end of the vertical columns 3.
  • roofing panels 28 ( Figures 1 and 9), which can consist of a sheet filled with thermal insulation, rigid polyurethane for example.
  • the roof includes a peripheral gutter 29 for the collection of water, which empties into drainpipes 30.
  • Lapilli-type volcanic gravel can be spread over the surface of the roofing layer 28.
  • the open latticework can extend beyond the roofing and the outer walls of the building, overhanging the latter and containing, in inverted pyramidic modules near the outside edge, inverted tronco-pyramidic planters 31, the bottom of which contains a drainage aperture emptying into a gutter 32, which is connected to the drainpipe 30.
  • the sheet comprising the roofing layer 28 is attached to the vertical bolts of the upper connections 26 by means of auxiliary frames 33.
  • an upper lateral enclosure 34 consisting of pieces of drilled triangular sheet metal which are placed between the bars of the open framework at an angle of 45° with regard to the exterior, passing between the roofing layer and the side wall of the building, as will be explained below.
  • the side wall as shown in Figure 2, as well as the interior partitions of the building, consist of panels 35 and window frames 36, both of which are rectangular and preferably of uniform size, and which are attached by means of nuts and bolts to the vertical columns.
  • the panels and frames are positioned vertically in the same plane, each resting on the vertical edges of the one below.
  • the bottom panel or frame rests on the projecting member of the Z-sections 16 of the floor plates.
  • On the free horizontal edge of the panel or window frame in the top position is a bent sheet metal C-section frame 49 ( Figures 9 and 10) with the concave side facing inward.
  • the upper member of this section is level with the outer surface of the header section 24.
  • frames 53 suspended from the open latticework are frames 53, for example of bent sheet metal, which hold the panels 54 of the dropped ceiling.
  • Figure 10 shows that the interior surface of the side wall has an upper frame 55, similar to the baseboard 51, upon which the panels 54 of the dropped ceiling rest.
  • the construction can be assembled in the following manner: assembly of the open latticework with all of its components and the raising thereof to the desired height, where it is attached to and held in place by temporary supports; placement of the foundation plates, supports and headers, as well as the diagonal struts; lowering of the open latticework to its final position and removal of the temporary supports; placement and attachment of the roofing sheets; placement and attachment of the floor plates and exterior panels and window frames; dropped ceilings, inner partitions, windows, interior finishing; fixtures, landscaping, etc.
  • the foundation shown in Figures 11, 12, and 13 consists of a series of independent bearing plates, indicated by the numbers 56, 57, and 58, an outer frame indicated by the number 59, and a grid of upper frames 60 into which the floor plates 61 are fitted.
  • the bearing plates are positioned to coincide with the vertices of a grid.
  • the peripheral bearing plates indicated by the numbers 57 and 58, are located on the outer frame, while the intermediate plates are indicated by the number 56.
  • the outer frame 59 has a grooved C-cross section and is formed, by means of consecutive interconnected segments, by sections into one of which the bearing plates 57 fits.
  • the walls 62 which, like the walls of the outer frame 59, have holes 63 that can be aligned and through which anchor bolts can be passed.
  • the bearing plates 57 also serve as connectors between the consecutive segments forming the outer frame 59.
  • the plates 58 that do not come into contact with the joints of the segments of the frame 59 do not have to have the walls 62.
  • the intermediate bearing plates 56 can consist of a double plate, the uppermost of which, indicated by the number 64, is smaller and has a depression 65 in the center, more or less hemispherical in shape, as will be seen below.
  • the frames 60 consist of sections 66 more or less equal in length to the side of the grid, and of intermediate connections 67 located at the vertices of the grid, so that each connection is located on a bearing plate.
  • each of the sections 66 of the frames 60 consists of identical longitudinal C-sections 68 which are externally contiguous and the central members 69 of which are joined.
  • the end members 70 and 71 are of different lengths, the upper member 70 being shorter.
  • the central member 69 of the two sections 68 are slightly separated, creating an open space 72.
  • the intermediate connections 67 consist of a cylindrical sleeve divided axially into four identical parts 73, each of which extends from its upright edges into perpendicular plates 74 of identical dimensions, which fit together consecutively to form the sleeve, as illustrated in the drawings, said plates being provided with holes for the passage of anchor bolts, every two contiguous plates forming an axial radial wing 75, which is inserted into the opening 72 at the end of the sections 66 of the frames joined by the connection.
  • the hole in the center of the plates 74 is aligned with a hole in the central member 69 of the C-sections 68, for the passage of an anchor bolt.
  • a column 76 When a column 76 is positioned atop the sleeve 67, the bottom of said sleeve rests on a nut 77 into which is turned a threaded rod 78, the bottom end 79 of which is hemispherically shaped so that it will rest on the depression 65 in the plate immediately beneath it, whereas the top end is a polygonal head 80.
  • the rod 78 passes axially through the interior of the sleeve 67 and enters the vertical column 26, the bottom of which ends in a base plate 81 which rests on the sleeve 67 and sections 66 and has a threaded central opening 82 through which the rod 78 is turned.
  • Figure 14 shows how the floor plates 61 end in a peripheral right-angle Z-section 83.
  • the upper end wing of this section rests on the upper wing 70 or the sections 68 of the peripheral frames, while the lower end wing of the Z-section 83 rests on the longer lower wing 71 of the sections 68.
  • the sections bordering the panels 61, all of which are Z-sections rest on the upper and lower end wings of the C-sections comprising the sides of the frames.
  • the outer sides of the peripheral frames include a section 84, attachable to the outer section 68 of the frames, which serves as a support for the panels 85 that form the exterior wall of the building.
  • the first step in assembling the foundation is the outer frame 59, which defines the outline of the building.
  • the bearing plates 56, 57, and 58 arranged to coincide with the vertices of a grid with the same dimensions as the floor plates 61.
  • assembly of the frame 60 sliding the sections 66 of the frames into the connections 67, fastening being achieved by bolts passed through the holes in the radial wings 75 of the connections and the central members of the C-sections 68.
  • the connections into which the columns 76 are fitted rest on the nuts 77, while the connections without columns have internal coaxial sleeves 86, Figures 16 and 17.
  • the frame 60 is leveled by means of the threaded rods 78 and 88, and then the floor plates 61, the columns 76, and the other components of the construction are put into place.
  • FIG 18 The construction shown in Figure 18 is a two-story structure with an above-ground foundation (not shown), upon which is assembled a framework ⁇ such as that described with regard to Figures 11-17 >, as well as a series of intermediate columns, indicated by the number 91, and columns adjacent to the walls, generally indicated by the number 92. These columns support the roof 4, and an intermediate framework, indicated by the number 93, which serves as the floor of the second story.
  • a framework ⁇ such as that described with regard to Figures 11-17 >
  • a series of intermediate columns indicated by the number 91, and columns adjacent to the walls, generally indicated by the number 92.
  • These columns support the roof 4, and an intermediate framework, indicated by the number 93, which serves as the floor of the second story.
  • Figure 20 is a partial horizontal projection of the above-ground foundation, which, ⁇ as in the case of Figure 12 >, consists of a series of plates 56 and 58, arranged in rows and columns.
  • the plates 56 and 58 have additional pieces 64 ( Figures 22 and 23) provided on the upper side with a central depression 65, more or less hemispherical in shape, upon which the support of the columns 91 and 92 rests, as will be explained below.
  • the plates 58 are much larger than the plates 56 and are designed to hold the support of the composite columns. Between the plates 58 adjacent to the outer walls may be placed intermediate strips or angle bars 94, which may also have additional pieces 64 to support the intermediate columns.
  • the framework consists of a grid formed of peripheral sections 66 and intermediate connections 67, which connections are located on foundation plates 56 or 58 and are fitted with leveling devices. Placed within the frames formed by the grid are floor panels 61.
  • Figure 19 is a partial elevation of the structure of the building in Figure 18.
  • Figure 19 shows how the intermediate columns 91 are divided into equal segments, an upper one, which is indicated by the number 91a, and a lower one, which is indicated by the number 91b.
  • the peripheral front columns 92 are divided into two segments, an upper one, indicated by the number 92a, and a lower one, indicated by the number 92b.
  • Each of the segments 92a and 92b of the front columns consists of three vertical tubular sections indicated by the number 95, which are connected to one another by means of an intermediate latticework of diagonal bars 96.
  • the three sections 95 of each column 92 rest on the plates 58 of the foundation, thus determining the outline represented on said plates by dotted lines ( Figure 20).
  • Both the segments 91a and 91b of the intermediate columns 91, and the sections 95 comprising the segments 92a and 92b of the columns 92, have at their lower end a means of support on the foundation plates, the height of which is adjustable and which is generally referred to by the number 97 in Figure 19.
  • These means of support consist, in the same manner as that shown in Figures 14-17, of a threaded rod 78, which turns axially on the plate 81 at the bottom end of the section of the segment of the column.
  • the bottom end of this rod is a head 97 with a curved convex surface in the form of a spherical cap, which rests on the corresponding depression 65 of the additional piece 64 of the foundation plates.
  • the threaded rod 78 can be held in place by means of a nut 81, Figures 22 and 24, equipped with radial arms 98 making it easier to use.
  • the tubular sections comprising the segments 91a and 91b of the intermediate columns 91 and the segments 92a and 92b of the columns 92, are provided at their upper end, as shown in Figures 23, 24, 25, and 26, with a cover plate 99 which also has on its upper surface a depression 65 in the form of a spherical cap which is designed, in the lower segment of the columns, to receive the threaded rod 78 which provides the means of support of the upper segment, while in said upper segment the depression 65 is designed to receive the means of support 100 of the roof 4, Figure 27.
  • This roof 4 consists of an open latticework of pyramidic modules of typical configuration, formed by bars 25, preferably tubular sections, which end in plates 101 with a hole in the center, as shown, for example, in Figures 26 and 27.
  • the plates 101 of the bars coming together in the connection are made to overlap and are attached by a vertical anchor bolt, which, in the connections into which columns are fitted, serves as the means 100 of supporting the roof.
  • the bottom of the bolt 100 ends in a spherical head 107 which rests on the depression 65 of the plate 99 and is held in place by means of a cap-shaped upper plate 103, with an opening for the passage of the threaded rod 100.
  • the anchor bolts of the bars 25, indicated by the number 106 also provide for the attachment of the sections 107 in the upper connections and the sections 108 in the lower connections.
  • the threaded rod 100 also serves to attach an upper front panel 110, which can be drilled, and which includes a lower longitudinal protrusion 111, a dovetail for example, which fits into the intermediate sections 112 used to connect the other front panels 85, as will be explained in greater detail by making reference to Figures 19 and 20.
  • the floor of the second story 93 has the same structure as the roof 4, except for the fact that the connections beneath the columns 91 and 92 are traversed by threaded rods 78 which constitute the means of support of each upper segment of the columns on the lower segments thereof, as shown in Figures 23 and 24, while the upper connections of the structure without columns are traversed by bolts 113, as shown in Figures 23 and 24.
  • Figure 13 is a perspective view of the structure of the framework 1 which rests on the above-ground foundation.
  • the intermediate connections 12 which comprise the frame of this framework rest, as seen in Figure 22, on the nuts 81 which are turned onto the rods 78 comprising the supporting elements of the columns on the above-ground foundation.
  • the floor of the second story has a structure identical to that of the roof and a framework identical to that of the lower story, it being unnecessary to use parts or components for the upper story different from those used on the lower story, which is a tremendous advantage in terms of the development, manufacture and storage of the components.
  • the structure comprising the upper story rests on the lower segments of the columns.
  • the internal and external tubular sections 95 are axially displaced by a distance equal to the height of the frames of the roof and the second story.
  • the external and internal sections of the lower segment 92b are of different heights, by a distance equal to the height of the structure of the floor of the second story, the upper ends of the sections 95 thus coinciding with the upper and lower connections of the frames.
  • cover plates 114 The ends of the diagonal bars 96 of the latticework of the columns 92 are attached to cover plates 114, as may be more clearly seen for example in Figure 27, which cover plates are attached by bolts 115 to the corresponding section 95.
  • Figures 28-30 show a possible method of joining the covering elements of the outer walls, which can consist of an upper panel of sheet metal 110, Figure 27, intermediate insulating panels 25, and window panels 117, for example.
  • the various panels can be joined along their horizontal edges by means of a connecting section 118, designed to fit partially into longitudinal grooves in the adjacent edges of the panels 85, or by means of additional sections 119 designed to hold, on one side, the window panels 117, while the other side is attached to the intermediate section 118.
  • a cover panel 119 of smaller thickness can be installed, as shown in Figure 24, to conceal the projecting parts of the intermediate connection 67 of the framework.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
  • Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
  • Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
  • Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)

Claims (18)

  1. Vorgefertigter modulierter Bau für den Bau von ein oder zwei Stockwerkgebäude, von der Art welche aus Grundierung, Pfeiler, und oberer Struktur bestehen, auf welcher das Dach und die Abdeckung liegt, und Zimmerhandwerkelemente, charakterisiert dadurch dass das Fundament eine Oberflächengundierung (1) ist bestehend aus einem perimetralen Rahmen (57,58,59,94), übereinstimmend mit dem Perimeter des Gebäudes, in dessen Inneren eine Rasterstruktur von inneren Rahmen (60) versehen ist, bestehend aus mehrzahlig zusammengeschraubten Profielen (66) versehen an deren Verbindungsenden mit nivelierbaren Stützelementen (88) die sich auf Verteilerplatten (56) stützen, mit einer Bodenplatte (61) über jedem Verbindungsknoten; auf die im Perimeter senkrechte Pfeiler (76,95) versehen werden die die pyramidförmige Modulgitterdachstrucktur bestehend aus Stangen (25) tragen, auf der die Bachpanelierung (109) ruht, und von der die Deche (110) des Gebäudes hängt; die Aussen- un Innenwände bestehend aus Blechpaneelen mit Isulierung (85,110) als auch die Fensterpaneele (117) werden an die Pfeiler (76,95) mit verschiedenen Schraubenfamilien befestigt.
  2. Bau der duch Anspruch 1 sich dadurch charakterisiert dass der perimetrale Grundierungsrahmen (7) aus nacheinanderfolgenden Profilen (59) besteht, im Schnitt C-förmig, mit der Öffnung nach oben ausgerichtet wobei der äussere Flügel länger ist als die innere, verschraubt mit Elementen (57), abgesichert mit Schrauben an jedem Par von nachfolgenden Profilflügel.
  3. Bau der duch Anspruch 1 sich dadurch charakterisiert dass jeder innere Rahmen (60) aus vier Profielen (66) besteht, jedes bestehend aus zwei C-förmigen Längsprofielen aussenseits verbunden an deren Mittenarmen, mit kürzerem oberem Aussenarm (70) als äusserem Unterarm (71), mit Anpassungen an den Enden der Profilen (66) um Zusammenfügung und Verschraubung mit jedem respektivem radialem Flügel (75) und deren Verbindugen (67) zu ermöglichen.
  4. Bau der duch Anspruch 3 sich dadurch charakterisiert dass der innere Verbindungsknoten (67) aus einem zylinderförmigen Element besteht, von dem vier Flügel radial kreutzartig herrausragen (75).
  5. Bau der duch Anspruch 4 sich dadurch charakterisiert dass das zylinderförmige Hülse (86) aus vier gleichen Elementen besteht (18), jedes ausgetreckt von deren Enden ausgehend, aus unabhängigen gleichen Platten (19) senkrecht aufeinanderstehend.
  6. Bau der duch Anspruch 4 oder 5 sich dadurch charakterisiert dass die Hülse des Verbindungsknotens (67), auf denen ein senkrechter Pfeiler (76) sich befindet, auf einer coaxialen Mutter (77) ruht in der eine Gewindestange (78) versehen wird, die die Hülse durchkreutzt und deren oberes Ende ein poligonaler Kopf (80) ist während das untere Ende sfärisch (79) ist, ruhend in der geeigneten Aussparung (65) einer Bodenplatte (56).
  7. Bau der duch Anspruch 4 oder 5 sich dadurch charakterisiert dass die Hülse des Verbindungsknoten (56) auf dem sich nicht ein Pfeiler (76) befindet auf einer zweiten Inneren Hülse ruht welche unten mit grösserem Querschnitt herausragt in der eine koaxiale Mutter eingefasst wird, in die eine Gewindestange (88) verschraubt wird, deren unteres Ende sfärisch ist um in der Vertiefung (65) der Bodenplatte (56) zu ruhen, während das obere Ende in einem poligonalem Kopf (90) abschliesst welcher leicht unterhalb der äusseren Hülse endet.
  8. Bau der duch Anspruch 1 sich dadurch charakterisiert dass die Bodenplatten (61) an deren Seiten längs mit Profilen (83) in Z-Querschnitt mit rechtwinkligen Winkeln versehen sind, deren oberen und unteren Aussenseiten respectiv auf den oberen- (70) und unteren- (71) Seiten der C-Profilen ruht welche die Innerrahmen (60) bilden.
  9. Bau der duch Anspruch 1 sich dadurch charakterisiert dass die Stangen (25) die das räumlich angeordnete Deckengitter bilden an deren oberen und unteren Vewrbindungsknoten mit einer Anzahl verschiedener Schrauben verbunden werden die die abgeplatteten Stangenenden durchqueren, verschraubt mit den dazugehörenden Muttern, die ausserdem die Profile (107) zur Absicherung des Daches an den oberen Knoten, und die Profile (108) zur Absicherung der Decke an den unteren Knoten befestigen.
  10. Bau der duch Anspruch 1 sich dadurch charakterisiert dass die räumliche Gitterdachstrucktur bestehend aus den Stangen (25) auf den Pfeilern (76) ruht mittels der gleichen Schrauben (100) die die Stangen (25) verbinden welche für diesen Zweck unterseits mit einem sfärischem Kopf enden (102) welcher in eine Vertiefung der Kopfplatte (99) jedes Pfeilers passt, festgehalten mittels einer oberen kappenförmigen Platte (103) mit einer Öffnung um den Durchgang der Gewindestange (100) zu ermöglichen.
  11. Bau der duch Anspruch 1 sich dadurch charakterisiert dass die Verbindung verschiedener Fassadenwände (85,117) mittels enes Profils (118) geschieht der teilweise in den Längskanälen der anliegenden Seiten eingefasst wird, welcher mit Schrauben verankert wird.
  12. Bau der duch Anspruch 1 sich dadurch charakterisiert dass im Fall eines Zweistockwerkgebäudes die Pfeiler (91,92) in zwei gleiche Abschnitte zerlegt werden, ein oberer Abschnitt (91a,92a) und ein unterer Abschnitt (91b,92b) welche an deren unteren Enden mit in Höhe regulierbaren Stützelementen (97) versehen sind, und an deren oberen Enden mit Trägerelementen (99,65) welche sich dazu eignen im unterem Abschnitt des Pfeilers den oberen Abschnitt zu befästigen, und im oberen Abschnitt um die Dachstützelemente zu befästigen; und weil das Dach (4) und der Boden des zweiten Stockwerkes (93) eine dreidimensionale Stangenstruktur beinhalten bestehend aus Stangen (25), derer Struktur an die Pfeiler an den Trägerelementen auf den oberen Pfeilerabschnitten befästigt werden mittels den mit den Pfeilern ubereinstimmenden Knoten, wobei der Boden mit den gleichen Elementen des Grundstockwerkes zusammengebaut wird.
  13. Bau der duch Anspruch 12 sich dadurch charakterisiert dass jeder an der Fassade anliegender Fassadenpfeilerabschnitt (92a,92b) aus einem Fassadenprofil (95) besteht, und die zwei inneren, unter sich mit dreieckförmiger Gestängestruktur verbunden bestehend aus schrägen Stangen, wobei der obere zur Wand nähere Abschnitt des Profils (95) axial nach oben bezüglich der anderen zwei Profile (95) verschoben ist in einer Länge gleich der Höhe der dreidimensionalen Modulgitterdachstrucktur (4), und wobei die unteren Abschnitte der von der Wand entfernten Profile (95) von kürzerer Länge sind als das dritte Profil (95) in dem equivalentem Mass gleich der Höhe der dreidimensionalen Modulgitterbodenstruktur des zweiten Stockwerkes (93).
  14. Bau der duch Anspruch 13 sich dadurch charakterisiert dass die schrägen Stangen (96) der an der Wand näheren Pfeilerabschnittstruktur (92a,92b) die deren Enden an Blechstrelfen verbunden sind, die mit Hilfe von Schrauben an die Abschnitte der Rohrprofile (95) gesichert werden.
  15. Bau der duch Anspruch 13 sich dadurch charakterisiert dass der Boden des zweiten Stockwerkes (93) aus einem Fachwerk besteht welches gleich dem ersten Stockwerk aus oberen Rahmen aus periferischen Profilen (66) und inneren Verbindungsknoten (67) und Bodenpaneelen (14) welche auf den periferischen Profilen ruhen besteht; wobei die inneren Verbindungsknoten (67) mit den oberen Knoten der dreidimensionalen Bodenstruktur (93) übereinstimmen, die sich mit diesen mit Hilfe von Stützelementen der oberen Pfeilerabschnitte (91 b) in den mit den Pfeilern übereinstimmenden Knoten und zusätzlichen Höhenivelierelementen verbinden.
  16. Bau der duch Anspruch 13 oder 15 sich dadurch charakterisiert dass die oberen und unteren mit den Pfeilern (91a,91b) nicht übereistimmenden Knoten der dreidimensionalen Struktur aus einer vertikalen Schraube (113) bestehen welche die in diesen Knoten zusammentreffenden Stangenenden der Stangen (25) absichern, wobei mit den Schrauben (106) der oberen Knoten der Dachstruktur (4) die Profile (107) verschraubt werden als Lagerung der Dachpaneele, und wobei mit den Schrauben (106) der unteren Dachstrukturknoten und der des Bodens des zweiten Stockwerkes die Profile (108) verschraubt werden, von denen die Deckenpaneele (110) hängen; während die Schrauben der oberen Knoten des Bodens des zweiten Stockwerkes (93) mit oberen Muttern (81) abgesichert werden auf denen die inneren Knoten (67) der Fachwerkrahmen ruhen.
  17. Bau der duch Anspruch 13 sich dadurch charakterisiert dass rudherum des Daches (4) eine Dachtraufe angebracht wird welche gegen die Unterseite der Dachpaneele (109) anliegen und mit Hilfe von Festigungselementen (104) festgehalten wird welche an die oberen Enden der Gewindestifte (100) welche zugleich die Stützen des Daches auf den an den Wänden anliegenden Pfeilern (92a) sind.
  18. Bau der duch Anspruch 13 sich dadurch charakterisiert dass die Fassade oder Seitenabschluss oberhalb mit Hilfe von einem gelochtem Blechpaneel (110) abgeschlossen wird, welche oberseits und unterseits mit inneren Flügeln versehen sind, von denen der Obere an die Gewindestifte (100) welche die Stützen des Daches auf den an den Wänden anliegenden Pfeilern (92a) sind unterhalb der Festigungselemente des Dachtraufes befässtigt wird, während der Untere ein zentralen Verankerungslängsvorsprung (111) an das anliegende Fassadenprofil gestaltet.
EP91500123A 1990-11-05 1991-11-04 Fertigteil-Modularbau Expired - Lifetime EP0485317B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES9002802 1990-11-05
ES9002802A ES2026762A6 (es) 1990-11-05 1990-11-05 Construccion modular prefabricada.
ES9100735A ES2031424A6 (es) 1991-03-22 1991-03-22 Construccion modular prefabricada.
ES9100735 1991-03-22
ES9102223A ES2038543B1 (es) 1991-10-08 1991-10-08 Construccion prefabricada desmontable de dos o mas plantas
ES9102223 1991-10-08

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Publication Number Publication Date
EP0485317A1 EP0485317A1 (de) 1992-05-13
EP0485317B1 true EP0485317B1 (de) 1996-02-14

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ES2076867B1 (es) * 1993-08-03 1998-07-01 Lavamax Iberica S L Estructura modular para centros de lavado de automoviles, en regimen de autoservicio
GB9414682D0 (en) * 1994-07-21 1994-09-07 Portakabin Ltd Floor stucture
IT1291857B1 (it) * 1997-03-18 1999-01-21 Sviluppo Materiali Spa Struttura metallica per architettura temporanea
GB0021376D0 (en) * 2000-08-31 2000-10-18 Marche Peter De La Modular building
DE102004029262A1 (de) * 2004-06-17 2006-01-12 Royal Wave Holdings Ltd., St. Helier Haus aus modularen Bauelementen sowie Verbund aus mehreren derartigen Häusern
BRPI0803702A2 (pt) * 2008-08-21 2010-06-15 Faculdades Catolicas Mantenedo unidades modulares transportáveis e processo de construção das mesmas
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CN107101661B (zh) * 2017-06-08 2023-10-20 中国汽车工业工程有限公司 一种多功能组合试验装置安装框架
CN107476643B (zh) * 2017-08-04 2024-08-23 赵春福 快速安装钢木救援帐篷
CN109006703B (zh) * 2018-07-30 2023-06-23 嵊州陌桑高科股份有限公司 一种便于调节高度的框架及其制造方法
BR202018076317U2 (pt) * 2018-12-17 2020-07-07 Marcelo Brasil Da Silva módulos pré-fabricados com painéis metálicos tipo sanduíche com isolante termo acústico em poliuretano e instalações elétricas, hidráulicas e esgoto incorporados
US11846096B2 (en) * 2020-01-27 2023-12-19 Miller Dowel Company Construction using bundled tube and threaded stepped dowels
CN111720632A (zh) * 2020-06-22 2020-09-29 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 一种适用于地铁车站的新型预制轨顶风道
CN114934595B (zh) * 2022-05-27 2023-05-26 天元建设集团有限公司 一种新型组合式模块化房屋及施工安装方法

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SE8200994L (sv) * 1982-02-18 1983-08-19 Lars Gunnar Serneblad Byggsystem for demonterbara byggnader

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DE69117139T2 (de) 1996-10-02
DE69117139D1 (de) 1996-03-28
EP0485317A1 (de) 1992-05-13

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