Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B61—RAILWAYS
  • B61C—LOCOMOTIVES; MOTOR RAILCARS
  • B61C9/00—Locomotives or motor railcars characterised by the type of transmission system used; Transmission systems specially adapted for locomotives or motor railcars
  • B61C9/38—Transmission systems in or for locomotives or motor railcars with electric motor propulsion

Definitions

• the invention relates to a device for driving a vehicle and in particular a railway vehicle.
• the invention also applies to the training of road vehicles.
• Vehicles in particular rail vehicles, are known which comprise a structure mounted on at least one driving axle provided with wheels which is rotated by an electric motor such as a radial flow motor.
• the engine which is fixed to the vehicle structure and possibly supported by the axle via a bearing, comprises a stator and a rotor mounted to rotate relative to the stator.
• the drive of the axle in rotation by the motor rotor can be achieved by means of gears constituting a reduction gear.
• the motor is interposed between the vehicle structure and the axle, in the vertical direction, which requires placing the vehicle structure at a certain height above the axle.
• the use of a reduction gear has certain drawbacks, since it increases the size of the drive device and hardly absorbs movement in service between the vehicle structure and the axle.
• drive devices for rail or road vehicles comprising an electric motor surrounding the vehicle axle, or disposed at the central part of a wheel.
• the rotor can be in direct engagement with the axle or with the wheel.
• the direct drive of the axle or the wheel is generally carried out by an internal part of the motor and generally by an internal part of the rotor.
• the rotor can also form part of the wheel. In all cases, only reduced possibilities of travel between the axle and the drive motor remain.
• the axle or the wheel is driven by a reduction gear or a differential but, in this case, we find the inconveniences venients already mentioned in the case of railway vehicles whose drive device includes a reduction gear.
• the object of the invention is therefore to propose a device for driving a vehicle comprising a structure mounted on at least one drive axle provided with wheels, comprising at least one electric motor carried by the structure of the vehicle, having a stator and a rotor rotatably mounted relative to the stator, surrounding the axle and without contact with the axle, and a drive element integral with the axle extending radially from the axle, this device making it possible to produce driving the vehicle in very good conditions, with the possibility of travel between the axle and the engine.
• the drive element of the axle is arranged laterally with respect to the electric motor, in the axial direction of the axle, and the rotor is integral with drive means intended to come directly into engagement with the axle drive element rotating.
• Figure 1 is a schematic elevational view in partial section of a drive device according to the prior art.
• Figure 2 is an elevational view in partial section of a drive device according to the invention and according to a first embodiment.
• Figure 3 is an elevational view in partial section of a device according to the invention and according to a second embodiment.
• FIG. 4 is an elevational view in partial section of a drive device according to the invention and according to a third embodiment.
• a drive device for a rail vehicle which comprises an axle 1 on which are mounted wheels 3 intended to move on rails 4.
• the axle 1 is fixed under the structure 2 of the rail vehicle by means of known suspension elements and not shown in the figure.
• the drive device comprises an electric motor 6 with radial flux which is fixed to the structure 2 of the vehicle by means of known fixing means 5 and which is supported by means of a bearing 8 by the axle 1 of the vehicle.
• the axle 1 is integral with a gear 10 which surrounds the axle and which extends in a radial direction around the axle.
• the gear 10 has a toothing on its peripheral surface with which meshes a pinion 9 secured to the axis 7 of the motor 6.
• the use of a drive device as shown in FIG. 1 requires having the structure 2 of the vehicle at a significant distance above the axle 1, in order to be able to house the motor 6 and the reduction gear constituted by the gears 9 and 10.
• the assembly constituted by the motor and the reduction gear partially rests on the axle, so that the displacements and vibrations of the axle are transmitted to the reduction gear and to the motor.
• FIG. 2 relates to a first embodiment of a drive device according to the invention used for driving a railway vehicle, and generally designated by the reference 10.
• the structure 12 of the vehicle is connected to the axle 13, by means of elastic supports 15 in which the axle 13 is mounted to rotate, via bearings 16.
• the drive device 10 comprises an electric motor 17 surrounding the axle and a drive element 18 constituted by a disc secured to the axle and disposed laterally relative to the motor 17.
• the motor 17 is a motor of the discoid type which comprises a stator 19 and a rotor 20 rotatably mounted inside the stator, by means of bearings 21 and 21 '.
• the stator and the rotor are symmetrical in revolution and have meridian sections which are visible in FIG. 2.
• the stator 19 has the form of a disc 22 integral at its periphery with a ferrule 23 by means of which the stator and the assembly of the motor 17 are suspended from the structure 12 of the vehicle, by means of supporting elements 24.
• the disc 22 of the stator carries, on each of its faces, windings generating a rotating magnetic field of axial direction, that is to say directed along the axis 25 common to the motor 17 and to the axle 13.
• the rotor 20 comprises two rotor discs 26 and 26 ′ arranged on either side of the stator disc 22, which carry permanent magnets or windings on their faces opposite the faces of the stator disc 22 carrying the windings .
• the rotor can be produced in two parts assembled together following the junction zone 27.
• the internal part of the rotor is produced in the form of a ferrule 28 whose internal diameter is greater than the diameter of the axle 13. Due to the presence of a radial clearance between the axle 13 and the internal part of the engine 17 constituted by the ferrule 28 of the rotor, the motor 17, suspended from the structure 12 of the vehicle, is without contact with the axle which can have a certain clearance inside the structure of the engine, when the vehicle is traveling on the rails 14.
• the disc 26 of the rotor 20 constitutes, on the lateral side of the motor located opposite the drive disc 18 secured to the axle, the male part of a claw coupling whose claws 29 projecting towards the outside of the motor in the axial direction are engaged in notches (or teeth) of radial direction 30, machined at the periphery of the disc 18.
• the claw coupling, constituted by the claws 29 and the notches 30 of the disc 18, which makes a direct drive connection between the rotor and the disc 18 integral with the axle 13, may however include a damping system which makes it possible to absorb the accelerations transmitted to the axle by the rotor 20 or the wheels 11 circulating on the rails 14.
• a coupling such as a claw coupling makes it possible to ensure both a very good transmission of the torque, with a certain clearance in the radial direction of the axle.
• the motor 17 can be produced in a fully closed form, as shown in FIG. 2, the shell 23 of the stator closing the motor outwards, the shell 28 of the rotor closing the motor inwards and complementary closing elements 31 and 31 ', practically closing off the space between the stator or the rotor, in which the rolling bearings 21 and 21' are arranged.
• the engine may include a cooling circuit with manifolds 32 and 32 'which makes it possible, when starting, to defrost the engine if necessary. For this, a fluid previously heated is circulated inside the cooling circuit.
• FIG. 3 there is shown a second embodiment of a drive device according to the invention used for driving a railway vehicle comprising a vehicle structure 12 and an axle 13 driven by the device drive generally designated by the reference 40; the corresponding elements in Figures 2 and 3 are designated by the same references.
• the drive device 40 according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 comprises an electric motor 33 and the drive disc 18 secured to the axle 13 disposed laterally, in the direction of the axis 25 of the axle 13 , relative to the motor 33.
• the embodiment of the drive device shown in FIG. 3 differs from the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 only in the embodiment of the electric motor 33.
• the motor 33 is constituted by two assemblies 34 and 35 each produced in a similar manner to the electric motor 17 of the first embodiment. sation shown in Figure 2 and placed in series in the direction of the axis 25 common to the axle and the motor 33.
• Each of the assemblies 34 and 35 comprises a stator part and a rotor part, substantially similar to the stator and the rotor of the motor 17 of the first embodiment.
• Each of the stator parts comprises a stator disc on each of the faces of which are arranged windings generating a rotating magnetic field and an external ferrule integral with the peripheral part of the stator disc.
• the external ferrules of the stator parts of the assemblies 34 and 35 are assembled end to end in a junction zone 37, to constitute the external ferrule 36 of the motor 40 by means of which the motor is suspended from the structure 12 of the rail vehicle , by means of suspension elements 38.
• the rotor parts of the assemblies 34 and 35 are constituted by three elements assembled end to end in the direction of the axis 25 common to the motor and to the axle 13, the central element which is connected to the end elements in zones 39 and 39 ′ being common to the rotor part of the assembly 34 and to the rotor part of the assembly 35.
• the rotor of the motor 40 comprises, in its together, an internal ferrule 41 and three rotor discs, the faces of which are placed opposite the faces of the stator discs provided with windings.
• the faces of the rotor disks facing the faces of the stator disks carry permanent magnets or coils.
• the rotor is rotatably mounted inside the stator shell 36, by means of bearings 42 and 42 '.
• the ferrule 41 of the rotor has an inner diameter greater than the diameter of the axle 13, so that there is a radial clearance between the axle 13 and the ferrule of the rotor, allowing a clearance of the axle 13 relative to the engine 40, during the movement of the railway vehicle.
• the drive disc 18 secured to the axle 13 is disposed laterally with respect to the engine 40, in the direction of the axis 25 of the engine and of the axle, on the side of the assembly 34.
• the drive disc 18 comprises, in its peripheral part, notches or teeth Pep é - ment in which claws 43 engaged with the rotor of the motor 40 are engaged.
• the claw coupling constituted by the claws 43 and the peripheral part of the disc 18, constitutes a direct drive transmission between the rotor of the motor 40 and the axle 13.
• the force transmission zone is also transferred to a certain radial distance from the axis 25 common to the motor and to the axle.
• the claw transmission also allows a certain radial clearance between the drive disc 18 secured to the axle and the engine suspended from the structure 12 of the motor vehicle.
• the drive disc 18 can be placed laterally, of a either side of the motor or a drive disc can be placed on each side of the motor, the motor rotor comprising, in this case, direct drive parts such as claws, at each of its axial ends.
• a motor such as the motor 40 from several modular assemblies makes it possible to produce motors of different powers by assembling modules which may be identical.
• FIG. 4 shows a third embodiment of the drive device according to the invention applied to the drive of a railway vehicle comprising a vehicle structure and at least one driving axle.
• the electric drive motor 17 or 40 is a discoid motor.
• the drive device does not differ from the first and from the second embodiments.
• the drive motor 45 which is a motor with a cylindrical structure.
• the motor 45 is made and arranged so as to surround the axle 13, without contact with the axle.
• the engine with a cylindrical structure 45 comprises a stator 46 and a rotor 48 rotatably mounted in the stator, around the axis 25 common to the axle and to the engine, by means of bearings 47 and 47 '.
• the stator 46 which has a cylindrical annular shape, is suspended from the structure 12 of the rail vehicle, by means of fastening elements 49 and 49 ′ connected to the cylindrical lateral surface of the stator 46.
• the rotor 48 has the shape a cylindrical ferrule secured at one of its ends to an annular disc 48 '.
• the stator 46 carries, on its cylindrical internal surface, coils 44 generating a magnetic field rotating around the axis 25 of the motor.
• the rotor 48 carries, on the external surface of its cylindrical part, permanent magnets or coils 50 opposite the coils 44 of the stator.
• the cylindrical part of the rotor 48 has an internal diameter greater than the diameter of the axle 13, so that there is a radial clearance between the external surface of the axle and the internal surface of the rotor.
• the disc-shaped end portion 48 ′ of the stator carries drive grifts 51 which engage in notches or in a toothing of the peripheral portion of the drive disc 18.
• a direct drive is thus produced of the disc 18 and of the axle by the rotor 48.
• the transmission of forces is postponed to a certain radial distance from the axis 25 of the axle and a clearance between the axle and the motor is possible despite the meshing of the claws of the claw coupling, in the notches for receiving the claws of the peripheral part of the drive disc 18.
• the drive device according to the invention firstly presents the advantages obtained in all cases where a motor is used surrounding the axle, this arrangement of the motor making it possible in particular to bring the vehicle structure closer to the axle and therefore lower the vehicle and increase its stability during use.
• an electric motor is used whose overall outside diameter is less than the diameter of the wheels of the vehicle. In this case, the motor is fully housed inside the wheel set.
• the electric motor of the drive device according to the invention is entirely suspended from the structure of the vehicle, which makes it possible to improve the traction performance of the drive device and to limit the transmission of vibrations, since the axle is not in contact with the engine.
• the transmission of forces is carried out at a radial distance from the axis of the axle which can be optimized by choosing the dimensions of the disc or other transmission element integral with the axle.
• the direct drive of the drive element integral with the axle by the rotor can be carried out laterally, on one side or the other of the motor or on both sides.
• the claws may be integral with a part of the disc-shaped rotor placed at at least one of the axial ends of the motor.
• the electric motor when it is of the discoid type, may comprise two or more stator discs and three or more rotor discs, arranged so that each stator disc is interposed in the axial direction of the motor between two rotor discs.
• motors or motor assemblies can be used, the rotors of which each provide a direct drive transmission of a drive torque to a drive element integral with the axle.
• all the motors or motor assemblies can be used at the same time or, possibly, only some of these motors or motor assemblies.
• the motor or motors or motor assemblies can be placed in centered or symmetrical arrangements, in the axial direction of the axle or also in off-center or non-symmetrical arrangements.
• the motor When the motor is of the discoid type, it generally comprises at least one stator disc and one rotor disc having facing faces, a plurality of electrical coils being fixed on the face of the stator disc and a plurality of permanent magnets or coils being fixed on the face opposite the rotor disc.
• the coupling between the rotor and the drive element of the axle can be produced not only in the form of a claw coupling but also in another form such as a flap coupling. In all cases, the coupling between the rotor and the drive element must be a direct coupling allowing a certain clearance perpendicular to the axis of the axle.
• the drive device according to the invention can be applied not only to the drive of railway vehicles but also in the case of road vehicles or all-terrain vehicles.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Transportation (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
• Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
• Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
• Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
• Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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• 1998
  • 1998-12-30 FR FR9816673A patent/FR2788028B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 1999
  • 1999-12-22 EP EP99961153A patent/EP1140601A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1999-12-22 JP JP2000592173A patent/JP2002534312A/ja active Pending
  • 1999-12-22 WO PCT/FR1999/003261 patent/WO2000040446A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1999-12-22 US US09/869,707 patent/US6662730B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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