EP1136756A1 - Process for the combustion of biomass - Google Patents

Process for the combustion of biomass Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1136756A1
EP1136756A1 EP01890061A EP01890061A EP1136756A1 EP 1136756 A1 EP1136756 A1 EP 1136756A1 EP 01890061 A EP01890061 A EP 01890061A EP 01890061 A EP01890061 A EP 01890061A EP 1136756 A1 EP1136756 A1 EP 1136756A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
combustion
biogenic substances
glowing
bales
burning
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EP01890061A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1136756B1 (en
Inventor
Heinz Ing. Dötzl
Helmut Ing. Federspiel
Reinhard Dipl.-Ing. Steiner
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FEDERSPIEL OEKOTECHNOLOGY CONSULTING GMBH
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Osterreichische Elektrizitatswirtschafts AG
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Priority to AT01890061T priority Critical patent/ATE301267T1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/10—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/08—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using light-sensitive elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
    • F23G2900/50006—Combustion chamber walls reflecting radiant energy within the chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
    • F23G2900/50007—Co-combustion of two or more kinds of waste, separately fed into the furnace

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for recycling biogenic substances which the biogenic substances in bale form are fed to a boiler for combustion.
  • the invention further relates to a device for carrying this out Procedure.
  • bales crop-like plants in the agricultural field, for example Cereals, triticale, rye, maize either separated from the grain or entirely into bales be pressed. It is also known that usually the shape of the bale is round or can be cuboid. But other materials are also pressed into bales or bundled, e.g. Paper or fabric.
  • This process is advantageous because it means the transport and storage of biogenic Fabrics more efficient and the manipulation effort is reduced.
  • the bales are used in many ways.
  • the dried straws separated from the grain, the straw, are used as fodder or litter in agriculture.
  • Tissue and paper are processed and recycled.
  • the practice of simply burning straw on the spot, which was often practiced in the past, is prohibited due to environmental pollution.
  • the harmful effects of the unburned hydrocarbons released are known.
  • the fuel pressed into bales has many inhomogeneous areas which are caused by higher water content, impurities, different degrees of decomposition and a characterized by low fuel value due to its poor fuel properties are.
  • a combustion system that is not sensitive enough to these inhomogeneities can react, causing incomplete burnout and thereby increased Emissions.
  • the objective of the present invention is to produce bales made of biogenic substances inexpensive, without high preparation and manipulation effort by complete Combustion, regardless of its quality, for example water content, Impurities or degree of decomposition to be thermally recycled.
  • the reflective surfaces of the Mirrors can have different shapes, for example in the form of a flat surface, a spherical segment, a parabola, a spherical concave mirror or other of shapes deviating from a sphere (aspherical surfaces) are possible.
  • Suitable materials for the reflection surfaces or mirrors are preferably heat-resistant ceramic materials.
  • optical detectors which in Depending on the burn-up of the biogenic substances, preferably pivoted Control mirrors to control the heat radiation from the glowing or burning sections to direct the non-glowing or burning sections.
  • the method and the device according to the invention are particularly suitable for the simultaneous combustion of several bales, since the flowing mixture of hot flue gases and combustion air together with the reflectors supports the drying and pyrolysis of the biomass which has not yet been completely converted into gaseous and solid components. This is achieved by neighboring , burning bale parts, from the stair grate and partly by recirculation. The targeted reflection thus supports the drying and gasification of the biogenic substances.
  • the hydrocarbon compounds released in the process are burned in the afterburning zone by supplying the combustion air required for complete oxidation.
  • the number, quality and position of the bales introduced can vary The heat demand of the connected customers can be adjusted.
  • the combustion monitored by the optical detectors is controlled by a control algorithm both with the bale insertion speed and with the priority assignment the areas to be irradiated by the reflection surfaces or mirrors connected. This results in a complete and low-pollutant oxidation of the biomass reached.
  • a fuel supply e.g. a screw conveyor, for Supply of fuels not pressed in bale form can be arranged.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically a section through a boiler designed according to the invention and FIG. 2 also shows schematically the beam path between a mirror part and a fuel bale.
  • a boiler 1 for the supply of biogenic substances has a feed shaft la for Fuel bale 2 on.
  • Fuel bale 2 can be inserted both side by side and one above the other.
  • mirrors 3, 3a Opposite the feed shaft 1a are mirrors 3, 3a arranged, whereby, as in the Drawing is indicated, in particular the mirror 3a via a control linkage 3b is pivotable.
  • Optical detectors 4 are directed against the fuel bales 2 and monitor them Burn.
  • FIG. 2 shows how the temperature radiation from the bale 2 rays 8 incident parallel to the axis are thrown back by the mirror 3 (or 3a) and almost in one point, the focal point.
  • the focal length can be chosen so that the reflection and focusing Radiation, the temperature at the focal point is increased such that the fuel bale 2 a so-called focal spot 9 is formed.
  • the optical detectors 4 for If fuel monitoring is used, inhomogeneous areas of the bale 2 can be identified, the reflecting surface of the mirrors 3 and 3a is aimed specifically at such zones and these thus be completely burned. This will result in even thermal decomposition of the fuel bale 2 reached in its volatile and solid components, since the Reflecting surface of the mirrors 3, 3a is directed to those areas of the ball that are due to lower fuel quality more energy for the decomposition into gaseous and solid Need components. Furthermore, it is largely avoided that not completely burned bale material falls into the ash zone 7 and - thermally unused - is carried out.
  • the parts of the bale that come loose during the combustion process fall on the Grate 6, which is preferably designed as a feed grate, is completely there burned out and as ash together with the non-combustible solid components the ash discharge 7 discharged from the combustion chamber.
  • the grate 6 is for example like this dimensioned that the average falling, not completely burned Parts of the bale in this post-combustion zone can be completely thermally recycled can. As a rule, this grate 6 will be much smaller than it is generally for Nominal output of such an incinerator would be necessary.
  • the combustion chamber can also for a wide fuel band, preferably wood chips, but also bark, old wood, pellets, etc. be used.
  • this device also for the constant admixture of bulk fuel and can also be used as an alternative for an emergency or ember conservation operation.
  • the number and Location of the reflecting surfaces or mirrors and the number and location of the biogenic Fuel can be arbitrary to each other. Fixed mirrors can also be arranged.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)

Abstract

The method and appliance for processing involve conveying biogenic materials in bale form to a boiler (1) for burning. The thermal radiation of the glowing or burning pieces is deflected by mirrors (3,3a) to the non-glowing or burning pieces. Optical sensors (4) monitor the burning process. A grid (6) preferably one opening into an-ash-discharge outlet (7) is positioned beneath the inlet (1a) of the bales (2) of biogenic materials inside the boiler's combustion chamber. A conveyor (5) for the non-baled fuel is located between the inlet and the grid.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Verwertung von biogenen Stoffen, bei dem die biogenen Stoffe in Ballenform einem Kessel zur Verbrennung zugeführt werden. Ferner ist Gegenstand der Erfindung eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens.The invention relates to a method for recycling biogenic substances which the biogenic substances in bale form are fed to a boiler for combustion. The invention further relates to a device for carrying this out Procedure.

Es ist bekannt, daß im landwirtschaftlichen Bereich halmgutartige Pflanzen, beispielsweise Getreide, Triticale, Roggen, Mais entweder vom Korn getrennt oder zur Gänze zu Ballen gepresst werden. Weiters ist bekannt, daß üblicherweise die Form der Ballen rund oder quaderförmig sein kann. Aber auch andere Materialien werden zu Ballen gepreßt oder gebündelt, z.B. Papier oder Gewebestoffe.It is known that crop-like plants in the agricultural field, for example Cereals, triticale, rye, maize either separated from the grain or entirely into bales be pressed. It is also known that usually the shape of the bale is round or can be cuboid. But other materials are also pressed into bales or bundled, e.g. Paper or fabric.

Dieser Vorgang ist vorteilhaft, weil dadurch der Transport und die Lagerung von biogenen Stoffen effizienter und der Manipulationsaufwand verringert wird.This process is advantageous because it means the transport and storage of biogenic Fabrics more efficient and the manipulation effort is reduced.

Die Verwertung der Ballen ist vielfältig. So finden die getrockneten, vom Korn getrennten Halme, das Stroh, als Futterrnittel oder Streu in der Landwirtschaft Verwendung. Gewebe und Papier wird aufbereitet und einer Wiederverwertung zugeführt. Die früher oft geübte Praxis, Stroh einfach an Ort und Stelle zu verbrennen, ist aufgrund der Umweltbelastung verboten.
Der schädliche Einfluß der dabei freigesetzten unverbrannten Kohlenwasserstoffe ist bekannt.The bales are used in many ways. The dried straws separated from the grain, the straw, are used as fodder or litter in agriculture. Tissue and paper are processed and recycled. The practice of simply burning straw on the spot, which was often practiced in the past, is prohibited due to environmental pollution.
The harmful effects of the unburned hydrocarbons released are known.

Nur ein untergeordneter Anteil wird einer thermischen Verwertung zugeführt. Als wesentlicher Grund sind einerseits die hohen Anforderungen an Qualität (trockene Umgebung) und Größe (geringe Energiedichte des Lagergutes) des Lagerraumes, andererseits die aufwendige Aufbereitung der gepressten Ballen zu einem schüttgutartigen Brennstoff, wie es beispielsweise bei Rost- oder Wirbelschichtfeuerungsanlagen Stand der Technik ist, zu nennen. Only a minor part is used for thermal recycling. As The main reason is the high quality requirements (dry Environment) and size (low energy density of the stored goods) of the storage room, on the other hand, the time-consuming preparation of the pressed bales into bulk goods Fuel, as is the case, for example, with rust or fluidized bed combustion plants Technology is to be mentioned.

Um eine möglichst vollständige, schadstoffarme und rückstandsfreie Verbrennung zu gewährleisten, sind aufwendige, voluminöse Kesselkonstruktionen notwendig. Diese Kessel haben aufgrund der massiven Ausmauerungsmasse ein sehr träges, unwirtschaftliches Betriebsverhalten, das beispielsweise durch die lange Aufheizphase charakterisiert ist. Die hierfür hohen Investitionskosten amortisieren sich in der Regel nur bei sehr großen, zentralen Anlagen. Dies widerspricht wiederum dem allgemeinen Wunsch, biogene Brennstoffe unabhängig von ihrer Form möglichst dezentral, in kleineren und mittleren Anlagen, beispielsweise Nahwärmeversorgungsanlagen, zu verbrennen, so daß der Aufwand für die Brennstofftransporte so gering wie möglich gehalten wird.To ensure that the combustion is as complete as possible, low in pollutants and residue-free ensure complex, voluminous boiler designs are necessary. This Due to the massive lining mass, boilers have a very slow uneconomical operating behavior, for example due to the long heating-up phase is characterized. The high investment costs for this are usually only amortized for very large, central systems. This contradicts the general Desire to make biogenic fuels as decentralized as possible, regardless of their form, in smaller ones and to burn medium-sized plants, for example local heat supply plants that the effort for fuel transportation is kept as low as possible.

Der zu Ballen gepresste Brennstoff weist viele inhomogene Bereiche auf, welche durch höheren Wassergehalt, Verunreinigungen, unterschiedliche Zersetzungsgrade und einem, aufgrund seiner schlechten Brennstoffeigenschaften niedrigen Heizwert gekennzeichnet sind. Ein Verbrennungssystem, das nicht sensibel genug auf diese Inhomogenitäten reagieren kann, verursacht einen unvollständigen Ausbrand und einen dadurch erhöhten Schadstoffausstoß.The fuel pressed into bales has many inhomogeneous areas which are caused by higher water content, impurities, different degrees of decomposition and a characterized by low fuel value due to its poor fuel properties are. A combustion system that is not sensitive enough to these inhomogeneities can react, causing incomplete burnout and thereby increased Emissions.

Die gegenständliche Erfindung hat es sich zum Ziel gesetzt, Ballen aus biogenen Stoffen kostengünstig, ohne hohen Aufbereitungs- und Manipulationsaufwand durch vollständige Verbrennung, unabhängig von deren Qualität, beispielsweise Wassergehalt, Verunreinigungen oder Zersetzungsgrad, thermisch zu verwerten.The objective of the present invention is to produce bales made of biogenic substances inexpensive, without high preparation and manipulation effort by complete Combustion, regardless of its quality, for example water content, Impurities or degree of decomposition to be thermally recycled.

Erreicht wird dies dadurch, daß der Abbrand der biogenen Stoffe abschnittsweise überwacht und die Wärmestrahlung der glühenden bzw. brennenden Abschnitte mittels Spiegeln zu den nicht glühenden bzw. brennenden Abschnitten gelenkt wird.This is achieved by burning off the biogenic substances in sections monitors and the heat radiation of the glowing or burning sections by means of Mirroring is directed to the non-glowing or burning sections.

Es ist bekannt, daß jeder Körper ständig strahlt. Bei Temperaturen unter etwa 500° C enthält diese Strahlung kaum sichtbares Licht (Ultrarotstrahlung). Mit steigender Temperatur wird in steigendem Maß auch sichtbares rötliches Licht emitiert, es wächst also der Anteil an Strahlung kürzerer Wellenlänge. Weil die spektrale Zusammensetzung dieser Strahlung maßgeblich von der Temperatur abhängt, nennt man diese "Wärmestrahlung".It is known that every body shines constantly. At temperatures below about 500 ° C this radiation contains hardly visible light (ultra-infrared radiation). With increasing Temperature is increasingly emitting visible reddish light, it is growing thus the proportion of radiation of shorter wavelength. Because the spectral composition this radiation depends largely on the temperature, this is called "Heat radiation".

Trifft die Wärmestrahlung auf einen Körper, so wird die Strahlung teilweise reflektiert bzw. durchgelassen. Ein weiterer Anteil der auftreffenden Strahlung wird von der Reflektionsfläche des Körpers bzw. Spiegels absorbiert. Die Reflektionsflächen der Spiegel können verschiedenartig geformt sein, beispielsweise in Form einer ebenen Fläche, eines Kugelsegmentes, einer Parabel, eines sphärischen Hohlspiegels oder auch andere von einer Kugel abweichende Formen (asphärische Flächen) sind möglich.If the heat radiation hits a body, the radiation is partially reflected or let through. Another portion of the incident radiation is from the Reflected surface of the body or mirror absorbed. The reflective surfaces of the Mirrors can have different shapes, for example in the form of a flat surface, a spherical segment, a parabola, a spherical concave mirror or other of shapes deviating from a sphere (aspherical surfaces) are possible.

Als Material für die Reflektionsflächen bzw. Spiegel eignen sich vorzugsweise hitzebeständige keramische Werkstoffe.Suitable materials for the reflection surfaces or mirrors are preferably heat-resistant ceramic materials.

Die Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens könnte an sich durch eine Bedienungsperson erfolgen. Zweckmäßig sind jedoch zur Überwachung des Abbrandes der biogenen Stoffe in an sich bekannter Weise optische Detektoren angeordnet, die in Abhängigkeit vom Abbrand der biogenen Stoffe vorzugsweise schwenkbar gelagerte Spiegel steuern, um die Wärmestrahlung der glühenden bzw. brennenden Abschnitte zu den nicht glühenden bzw. brennenden Abschnitten zu lenken.The implementation of the method according to the invention could in itself by Operator done. However, are useful for monitoring the burnup biogenic substances arranged in a conventional manner optical detectors, which in Depending on the burn-up of the biogenic substances, preferably pivoted Control mirrors to control the heat radiation from the glowing or burning sections to direct the non-glowing or burning sections.

Die Verwendung optischer Detektoren in Kesseln ist bekannt. Nach einem von der TU Graz veröffentlichten Vorschlag sollen sie das Glutbett in einem Vorschubrost überwachen. Dabei wird das auf die Detektoren auftreffende Licht über hochtemperaturbeständige Lichtleitstäbe zu einer Auswertelektronik geleitet. Lichtempfindliche Sensoren wandeln die vom Detektor erfaßte Strahlung in ein proportionales Stromsignal um. Die Erfindung nützt nun dieses Stromsignal zur Steuerung der Spiegel.The use of optical detectors in boilers is known. According to one from the TU Graz published proposal to have the ember bed in a moving grate monitor. The light incident on the detectors is over high-temperature-resistant light guide rods are directed to an electronic evaluation system. Photosensitive sensors convert the radiation detected by the detector into one proportional current signal. The invention now uses this current signal for control the mirror.

Im Rahmen der Erfindung ist es ferner vorteilhaft, wenn unterhalb der im Brennraum des Kessels mündenden Zufuhr der Ballen der biogenen Stoffe ein Rost, vorzugsweise ein in einen Ascheaustrag mündender Vorschubrost, angeordnet ist.In the context of the invention, it is also advantageous if below the in the combustion chamber of the A supply of bales of biogenic substances opening into the boiler is a rust, preferably an in an ash discharge feed grate is arranged.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren bzw. die Vorrichtung eignet sich besonders für die gleichzeitige Verbrennung mehrerer Ballen, da das vorbeiströmende Gemisch aus heißen Rauchgasen und Verbrennungsluft zusammen mit den Reflektoren die Trocknung und Pyrolyse der noch nicht vollständig in gasförmige und feste Bestandteile übergeführten Biomasse unterstützt. Dies wird durch benachbarte, brennende Ballenteile, vom Treppenrost und teilweise durch Rezirkulation erreicht. Damit unterstützt die gezielt gerichtete Reflektion die Trocknung und Vergasung der biogenen Stoffe. Die dabei freigesetzten Kohlenwasserstoffverbindungen werden in der Nachverbrennungszone durch Zuführung der für die vollständige Oxydation notwendigen Verbrennungsluft verbrannt.The method and the device according to the invention are particularly suitable for the simultaneous combustion of several bales, since the flowing mixture of hot flue gases and combustion air together with the reflectors supports the drying and pyrolysis of the biomass which has not yet been completely converted into gaseous and solid components. This is achieved by neighboring , burning bale parts, from the stair grate and partly by recirculation. The targeted reflection thus supports the drying and gasification of the biogenic substances. The hydrocarbon compounds released in the process are burned in the afterburning zone by supplying the combustion air required for complete oxidation.

Durch die Kombination von starren und beweglichen Reflektionsflächen bzw. Spiegel kann die Anzahl, Qualität und die Lage der eingebrachten Ballen variiert und dem Wärmebedarf der angeschlossenen Abnehmer angepaßt werden.Through the combination of rigid and movable reflection surfaces or mirrors the number, quality and position of the bales introduced can vary The heat demand of the connected customers can be adjusted.

Die von den optischen Detektoren überwachte Verbrennung wird über einen Steuerungsalgorithmus sowohl mit der Balleneinschubgeschwindigkeit als auch mit der Prioritätszuordnung der von den Reflektionsflächen bzw. Spiegel zu bestrahlenden Bereiche verknüpft. Dadurch wird eine vollständige und schadstoffarme Oxydation der Biomasse erreicht. The combustion monitored by the optical detectors is controlled by a control algorithm both with the bale insertion speed and with the priority assignment the areas to be irradiated by the reflection surfaces or mirrors connected. This results in a complete and low-pollutant oxidation of the biomass reached.

Zwischen der im Brennraum der Kessels mündenden Zufuhr der Ballen der biogenen Stoffe und dem Rost kann eine Brennstoffzuführung, z.B. eine Förderschnecke, zur Zuführung von nicht in Ballenform gepreßten Brennstoffen angeordnet sein.Between the supply of the bales of the biogenic that opens into the combustion chamber of the boiler Fabrics and the grate, a fuel supply, e.g. a screw conveyor, for Supply of fuels not pressed in bale form can be arranged.

Nachstehend ist die Erfindung anhand eines in den Zeichnungen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispieles näher beschrieben, ohne auf dieses Beispiel beschränkt zu sein. Dabei stellt Fig. 1 schematisch einen Schnitt durch einen erfindungsgemäß ausgebildeten Kessel dar
und Fig. 2 zeigt ebenfalls schematisch den Strahlengang zwischen einem Spiegelteil und einem Brennstoffballen.The invention is described in more detail below with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawings, without being limited to this example. 1 shows schematically a section through a boiler designed according to the invention
and FIG. 2 also shows schematically the beam path between a mirror part and a fuel bale.

Gemäß Fig. 1 weist ein Kessel 1 zur Zuführung biogener Stoffe einen Zuführschacht la für Brennstoffballen 2 auf. Zufolge der erfindungsgemäßen Überwachung des Abbrandes können mehrere Ballen 2 sowohl neben- als auch übereinander eingeschoben werden.1, a boiler 1 for the supply of biogenic substances has a feed shaft la for Fuel bale 2 on. As a result of the monitoring of the erosion according to the invention several bales 2 can be inserted both side by side and one above the other.

Gegenüberliegend dem Zuführschacht 1a sind Spiegel 3, 3a angeordnet, wobei, wie in der Zeichnung angedeutet ist, insbesondere der Spiegel 3a über ein Steuergestänge 3b verschwenkbar ist.Opposite the feed shaft 1a are mirrors 3, 3a arranged, whereby, as in the Drawing is indicated, in particular the mirror 3a via a control linkage 3b is pivotable.

Optische Detektoren 4 sind gegen die Brennstoffballen 2 gerichtet und überwachen deren Abbrand.Optical detectors 4 are directed against the fuel bales 2 and monitor them Burn.

Unterhalb des Zuführschachtes 1a ist ein Rost 6 angeordnet, der mit einem Ascheaustrag 7 zusammenwirkt. Zwischen dem Zuführschacht la und dem Rost 6 befindet sich eine im Beispiel als Förderschnecke 5 ausgebildete Brennstoffzuführung.A grate 6, which has an ash discharge 7, is arranged below the feed shaft 1a cooperates. Between the feed shaft la and the grate 6 is one in Example designed as a screw conveyor 5 fuel supply.

In Fig. 2 ist dargestellt, wie die durch die Temperaturstrahlung des Ballens 2 achsenparallel einfallenden Strahlen 8 vom Spiegel 3 (oder 3a) zurückgeworfen und fast in einem Punkt, dem Brennpunkt, gesammelt werden. FIG. 2 shows how the temperature radiation from the bale 2 rays 8 incident parallel to the axis are thrown back by the mirror 3 (or 3a) and almost in one point, the focal point.

Die Brennweite kann dabei so gewählt werden, daß durch Reflektion und Bündelung der Strahlung die Temperatur im Brennpunkt derart gesteigert wird, daß am Brennstoffballen 2 ein sogenannter Brennfleck 9 entsteht. Werden die optischen Dektoren 4 zur Brennstoffüberwachung eingesetzt, so können inhomogene Bereiche des Ballens 2 erkannt, die Reflektionsfläche der Spiegel 3 bzw. 3a gezielt auf derartige Zonen gerichtet und diese somit vollständig verbrannt werden. Damit wird eine gleichmäßige thermische Zersetzung des Brennstoffballens 2 in seine flüchtigen und festen Bestandteile erreicht, da die Reflektionsfläche der Spiegel 3, 3a auf jene Ballenbereiche gerichtet wird, die aufgrund minderer Brennstoffqualität mehr Energie für die Zerlegung in gasförmige und feste Bestandteile benötigen. Desweiteren wird damit weitgehend vermieden, daß nicht vollständig verbranntes Ballenmaterial in die Aschenzone 7 fällt und - thermisch ungenützt - ausgetragen wird.The focal length can be chosen so that the reflection and focusing Radiation, the temperature at the focal point is increased such that the fuel bale 2 a so-called focal spot 9 is formed. Are the optical detectors 4 for If fuel monitoring is used, inhomogeneous areas of the bale 2 can be identified, the reflecting surface of the mirrors 3 and 3a is aimed specifically at such zones and these thus be completely burned. This will result in even thermal decomposition of the fuel bale 2 reached in its volatile and solid components, since the Reflecting surface of the mirrors 3, 3a is directed to those areas of the ball that are due to lower fuel quality more energy for the decomposition into gaseous and solid Need components. Furthermore, it is largely avoided that not completely burned bale material falls into the ash zone 7 and - thermally unused - is carried out.

Die sich trotzdem während des Verbrennungsvorganges lösenden Ballenteile fallen auf den Rost 6, der vorzugsweise als Vorschubrost ausgebildet ist, werden dort vollständig ausgebrannt und als Asche gemeinsam mit den nicht brennbaren festen Bestandteilen über die Ascheaustragung 7 aus dem Brennraum ausgetragen. Der Rost 6 ist beispielsweise so bemessen, daß die durchschnittlich herabfallenden, nicht vollständig verbrannten Ballenteile in dieser Nachverbrennungszone zur Gänze thermisch verwertet werden können. In der Regel wird dieser Rost 6 wesentlich kleiner sein, als es allgemein für die Nennleistung einer derartigen Verbrennungsanlage notwendig wäre.The parts of the bale that come loose during the combustion process fall on the Grate 6, which is preferably designed as a feed grate, is completely there burned out and as ash together with the non-combustible solid components the ash discharge 7 discharged from the combustion chamber. The grate 6 is for example like this dimensioned that the average falling, not completely burned Parts of the bale in this post-combustion zone can be completely thermally recycled can. As a rule, this grate 6 will be much smaller than it is generally for Nominal output of such an incinerator would be necessary.

Ist die Nachverbrennungzone mit einer zusätzlichen Brennstoffzuführung ausgestattet, beispielsweise einer Förderschnecke 5, so kann der Brennraum darüber hinaus für ein breites Brennstoffband, vorzugsweise Hackschnitzel, aber auch Rinde, Altholz, Pellets, etc. genutzt werden. Neben der Vorwärmung des Brennraumes zur Ballenverbrennung kann diese Einrichtung auch zur ständigen Zumischung schüttgutartiger Brennstoffe und ersatzweise auch für einen Not- bzw. Gluterhaltungsbetrieb genutzt werden.If the afterburning zone is equipped with an additional fuel supply, For example, a screw conveyor 5, the combustion chamber can also for a wide fuel band, preferably wood chips, but also bark, old wood, pellets, etc. be used. In addition to preheating the combustion chamber for bale combustion this device also for the constant admixture of bulk fuel and can also be used as an alternative for an emergency or ember conservation operation.

Im Rahmen der Erfindung sind zahlreiche Abänderungen möglich. So kann die Anzahl und Lage der Reflektionsflächen bzw. Spiegel und die Anzahl und Lage des biogenen Brennstoffes zueinander beliebig sein. Es können auch feste Spiegel angeordnet werden.Numerous modifications are possible within the scope of the invention. So the number and Location of the reflecting surfaces or mirrors and the number and location of the biogenic Fuel can be arbitrary to each other. Fixed mirrors can also be arranged.

Claims (5)

Verfahren zur Verwertung von biogenen Stoffen, bei dem die biogenen Stoffe in Ballenform einem Kessel (1) zur Verbrennung zugeführt werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Abbrand der biogenen Stoffe abschnittsweise überwacht und die Wärmestrahlung der glühenden bzw. brennenden Abschnitte mittels Spiegeln (3,3a) zu den nicht glühenden bzw. brennenden Abschnitten gelenkt wird.Process for the recycling of biogenic substances, in which the biogenic substances are supplied in bales to a boiler (1) for combustion, characterized in that the combustion of the biogenic substances is monitored in sections and the heat radiation of the glowing or burning sections is mirrored (3,3a ) is directed to the non-glowing or burning sections. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Steuerungsalgorithmus den Verbrennungsvorgang, die Balleneinschubgeschwindigkeit und die Prioritätszuordnung der von den Reflektionsflächen bzw. Spiegel zu bestrahlenden Bereiche verknüpft.Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that a control algorithm links the combustion process, the bale insertion speed and the priority assignment of the areas to be irradiated by the reflection surfaces or mirrors. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zur Überwachung des Abbrandes der biogenen Stoffe in an sich bekannter Weise optische Detektoren (4) angeordnet sind, die in Abhängigkeit vom Abbrand der biogenen Stoffe schwenkbar gelagerte Spiegel (3,3a) steuern, um die Wärmestrahlung der glühenden bzw. brennenden Abschnitte zu den nicht glühenden bzw. brennenden Abschnitten zu lenken.Apparatus for carrying out the method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that optical detectors (4) are arranged in a manner known per se to monitor the burn-up of the biogenic substances, the mirrors (3,3a) being pivotably mounted depending on the burn-up of the biogenic substances ) to direct the heat radiation from the glowing or burning sections to the non-glowing or burning sections. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß unterhalb der im Brennraum des Kessels mündenden Zufuhr (1a) der Ballen (2) der biogenen Stoffe ein Rost (6), vorzugsweise ein in einen Ascheaustrag (7) mündender Vorschubrost, angeordnet ist.Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that a grate (6), preferably a feed grate opening into an ash discharge (7), is arranged below the feed (1a) of the bales (2) of the biogenic substances opening into the combustion chamber of the boiler. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen der im Brennraum des Kessels (1) mündenden Zufuhr (1a) der Ballen (2) der biogenen Stoffe und dem Rost (6) eine Brennstoffzuführung, z.B. eine Förderschnecke (5), zur Zuführung von nicht in Ballenform gepreßten Brennstoffen angeordnet ist.Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that between the supply (1a) of the bales (2) of the biogenic substances opening into the combustion chamber of the boiler (1) and the grate (6) a fuel supply, for example a screw conveyor (5), for supplying is not arranged in bale pressed fuels.
EP01890061A 2000-03-24 2001-03-06 Process for the combustion of biomass Expired - Lifetime EP1136756B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT01890061T ATE301267T1 (en) 2000-03-24 2001-03-06 METHOD FOR COMBUSTING BIOGENE SUBSTANCES

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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AT2252000U 2000-03-24
AT0022500U AT4196U1 (en) 2000-03-24 2000-03-24 METHOD FOR RECYCLING BIOGENIC SUBSTANCES

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2295349A1 (en) * 1974-12-19 1976-07-16 Anvar Straw bale burner equipment - feeds bales into precombustion chamber injected with primary air and supplying burner
US4549528A (en) * 1984-02-21 1985-10-29 Focus Environmental Systems Method and apparatus for solar destruction of toxic and hazardous materials
GB2167542A (en) * 1984-11-28 1986-05-29 Fuel Combustion Limited Furnace for agricultural waste
US5462676A (en) * 1993-06-28 1995-10-31 Envirowaste Systems, Inc. Process and system for treating solid and liquid waste
US5549057A (en) * 1994-10-11 1996-08-27 Raymon J. Castine Dryer and combustible pellet system
WO2000011402A1 (en) * 1998-08-21 2000-03-02 Robinson Environmental Corporation Gasification system and method

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2295349A1 (en) * 1974-12-19 1976-07-16 Anvar Straw bale burner equipment - feeds bales into precombustion chamber injected with primary air and supplying burner
US4549528A (en) * 1984-02-21 1985-10-29 Focus Environmental Systems Method and apparatus for solar destruction of toxic and hazardous materials
GB2167542A (en) * 1984-11-28 1986-05-29 Fuel Combustion Limited Furnace for agricultural waste
US5462676A (en) * 1993-06-28 1995-10-31 Envirowaste Systems, Inc. Process and system for treating solid and liquid waste
US5549057A (en) * 1994-10-11 1996-08-27 Raymon J. Castine Dryer and combustible pellet system
WO2000011402A1 (en) * 1998-08-21 2000-03-02 Robinson Environmental Corporation Gasification system and method

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DE50106932D1 (en) 2005-09-08
EP1136756B1 (en) 2005-08-03
AT4196U1 (en) 2001-03-26
ATE301267T1 (en) 2005-08-15

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