EP1135595A1 - Valve for controlling liquids - Google Patents

Valve for controlling liquids

Info

Publication number
EP1135595A1
EP1135595A1 EP00975772A EP00975772A EP1135595A1 EP 1135595 A1 EP1135595 A1 EP 1135595A1 EP 00975772 A EP00975772 A EP 00975772A EP 00975772 A EP00975772 A EP 00975772A EP 1135595 A1 EP1135595 A1 EP 1135595A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
valve
piezoelectric unit
valve member
valve according
tolerance compensation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP00975772A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1135595B1 (en
Inventor
Friedrich Boecking
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP1135595A1 publication Critical patent/EP1135595A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1135595B1 publication Critical patent/EP1135595B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/0014—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means
    • F02M63/0015—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid
    • F02M63/0026—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid using piezoelectric or magnetostrictive actuators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M47/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M47/02—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure of accumulator-injector type, i.e. having fuel pressure of accumulator tending to open, and fuel pressure in other chamber tending to close, injection valves and having means for periodically releasing that closing pressure
    • F02M47/027—Electrically actuated valves draining the chamber to release the closing pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/70—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger
    • F02M2200/703—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger hydraulic

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a valve for controlling liquids according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a valve which can be actuated via a piezoelectric actuator, is already known from EP 0 477 400 A1.
  • This known valve has an arrangement for an adaptive, mechanical tolerance compensation acting in the stroke direction for a displacement transformer of the piezoelectric actuator, in which the deflection of the piezoelectric actuator is transmitted via a hydraulic chamber.
  • the hydraulic chamber which works as a so-called hydraulic ratio, closes between two pistons delimiting it, of which one piston is designed with a smaller diameter and is connected to a valve element to be actuated and the other piston is designed with a larger diameter and with which Piezoelectric actuator is connected, a common compensation volume.
  • the hydraulic chamber is clamped between the two pistons in such a way that the actuating piston of the valve member, which is held in its rest position by means of one or more springs relative to a predetermined position, makes a stroke increased by the ratio of the piston diameter when the larger piston is moved by the piezoelectric Actuator is moved by a certain distance.
  • the valve member, the pistons and the piezoelectric actuator lie one behind the other on a common axis.
  • Tolerances due to temperature gradients in the component or different thermal expansion coefficients of the materials used, as well as possible setting effects, can be compensated for via the compensation volume of the hydraulic chamber, without a change in the position of the valve element to be controlled occurring.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a valve for controlling liquids with a piezoelectric unit, in which in particular a tolerance compensation element for compensating elongation tolerances of the piezoelectric unit and / or further valve components is realized with a small space requirement with a simple construction.
  • the valve according to the invention for controlling liquids with the characterizing features of claim 1 has the advantage that it works with a high natural frequency, since a direct power transmission via the deflection element without a translation with which the natural frequency decreases quadratically is provided.
  • valve with the inventive arrangement of the piezoelectric unit, deflection element and tolerance compensation element has a compact structure.
  • the tolerance compensation element for elongation tolerances, in particular caused by temperature changes, is realized inexpensively according to the invention with simple mechanical means.
  • valve according to the invention for controlling liquids is shown in the drawing. represents and is explained in more detail in the following description.
  • the single figure of the drawing shows a schematic, partial representation of an embodiment of the invention in a fuel injection valve for internal combustion engines in longitudinal section.
  • the embodiment shown in the figure shows a preferred use of the valve according to the invention in a fuel injection valve 1 for internal combustion engines of motor vehicles.
  • fuel injection valve 1 is designed as a common rail injector for injecting diesel fuel.
  • a valve member 2 is actuated via a piezoelectric unit 3 with a piezoelectric actuator 4, which is arranged in a piezo chamber 5 on a side of the valve member 2 facing away from the combustion chamber a valve body or valve housing 6 is formed.
  • the piston-shaped valve member 2 is arranged axially displaceably in a bore 7 of the valve body 6 designed as a longitudinal bore and has at its end on the combustion chamber side a valve head 8 forming a valve closing member.
  • the valve member 2 is in the present case a 2/2 valve
  • the valve head 8 cooperates with a first seat 9 and a second seat 10 formed on the valve body 6. In this case, when the valve head 8 is lifted off, a connection is made to a spring chamber 11 with a spring device 12 which exerts a restoring force on the valve head 8 which opens outwards.
  • valve member works as a 2/3 valve with a central position.
  • An outlet throttle 13 connects to the spring chamber 11 on the combustion chamber side, which leads to a valve control chamber 14, into which an injection line 15, which is only symbolically indicated in the figure, opens, which in turn leads away from a high-pressure storage chamber (common rail) 16 common to all fuel injection valves ,
  • the high-pressure storage space 16 is filled in a known manner by a high-pressure fuel delivery pump with high-pressure fuel from a storage tank.
  • the piezoelectric actuator 4 for actuating the valve member 2 is made up of several thin layers and has a piezo head 17 on its side facing the combustion chamber and a piezo foot with an electrical contact 19 on its side facing away from the combustion chamber.
  • the piezo head 17 is connected to a deflection element 20, by means of which a deflection of the piezoelectric actuator 4 can be transmitted to the valve member 2, the piezoelectric unit 3 being in the direction of movement of the Valve member 2 is arranged with its piezo head 17 facing it within a longitudinal extension of the deflecting element 20.
  • the deflecting element 20 represents a substantially closed deflecting sleeve that delimits an interior space 21.
  • the piezoelectric actuator 4 is connected to the deflection sleeve 21 via a tolerance compensation element 22 to compensate for elongation tolerances of the piezoelectric unit 3 or other valve components such as e.g. of the valve member 2 or the valve body 6 connected.
  • the tolerance compensating element 22 is arranged parallel to the piezoelectric unit 3, being connected on the one hand to the piezo head 17 and on the other hand to a support 23 on the deflection sleeve 20 m, an area adjacent to the piezo foot 18
  • the tolerance compensation element 22 is formed with two compensation bolts 24 which extend parallel to the piezoelectric unit 3 and which are fastened to the piezo head 17 projecting over the diameter of the piezoelectric actuator 4.
  • the tolerance compensation element is designed with a different number of compensation bolts or, for example, like a sleeve.
  • the tolerance compensation element 22 has a tolera.nzbe- of the same type as the piezoelectric unit 3. urgent change in length behavior without causing a movement of the deflecting element 20 acting on the position of the valve member 2.
  • the tolerance compensation element 20 has approximately a length and a coefficient of thermal expansion of the piezoelectric actuator 4.
  • Interior 21 of the deflecting element 20 is filled with a heat-conducting medium 32, which has a high thermal conductivity.
  • the deflecting element 20 serves as a container for the heat transfer medium 32.
  • a heat-conducting paste made of silicone oil is selected as the heat-conducting medium, but other media, in particular made of synthetic oil, are also suitable for this.
  • the piezoelectric unit 3 is sealed off from the bore 7 receiving the valve member 2 and the fuel contained therein, for which purpose a sealing element 25 is provided, which is designed here as a sealing plate which is mounted in the valve body 6, which is made in two parts at this point.
  • the sealing plate 25 has through openings 27 each provided with a sealing device 26, which is an O-ring or a membrane, for contacting the deflecting element 20 with the valve member 2.
  • a sealing device 26 which is an O-ring or a membrane
  • the valve member 2 or its plate 29 is separated from the deflection element 20 by an air gap 30.
  • This air gap 30 is dimensioned such that movements of the deflecting element of a few micrometers can be compensated for a possible temperature compensation.
  • a spring device 31 is installed in a prestressed manner, which is provided as a prestressing element for the piezoelectric actuator 4 constructed from a plurality of layers in a “multilayer” design and prevents the layers thereof from detaching from one another when energized.
  • the fuel injection valve 1 operates in the manner described below.
  • the compensating bolts 24 of the tolerance compensating element 22 lengthen in the same way as the piezoelectric actuator 4, so that the deflecting element 20 is not moved or experiences only a minimal deflection, which is smaller than the width of the air gap 30. In any case, this has no effect on the closed and open positions of the valve member 2 and the fuel valve 1 as a whole.
  • the piezoelectric actuator 4 If an injection is to take place through the fuel injection valve 1, the piezoelectric actuator 4 is energized, as a result of which its axial expansion increases suddenly. With such a rapid actuation of the piezoelectric actuator 4, the deflection element 20 connected to the piezo head 17 is displaced equally strongly in the direction of the valve member 2, so that the deflection element 20 strikes the plate 29 of the valve member 2 and the valve member 2 lifts from its first seat 9 and brings it into an open position at its second seat 10. Fuel can thus enter the longitudinal bore 7 of the valve body 6 from the valve control chamber 14, the fuel that has entered being able to escape again through a leakage drain line 34. The opening of the valve member 2 in the force-balanced designed fuel injection valve 1 has the result that a valve control piston 33 is moved upward in the valve control chamber 14 and fuel is injected into the combustion chamber, which is not shown, through a now releasing injection nozzle.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Electrically Driven Valve-Operating Means (AREA)
  • Control Of Non-Electrical Variables (AREA)

Abstract

A valve for controlling fluids, having a valve member (2), which is axially displaceable in a bore (7) of a valve body (6) and on one end has a valve closing member (8) that cooperates with a seat (9, 10), provided on the valve body (6), for opening and closing the valve (1); having a piezoelectric unit (3) for actuating the valve member (2); and having a tolerance compensating element (22) for compensating for elongation tolerances of the piezoelectric unit (3). The deflection of the piezoelectric unit (3) can be transmitted to the valve member (2) via a deflection element (20), and the piezoelectric unit (3) is disposed with its piezoelectric head (17) toward the valve member in the direction of motion of the valve member (2) essentially inside a length of the deflection element (20) and is connected to the deflection element via the tolerance compensating element (22). The latter is disposed parallel to the piezoelectric unit (3) and has virtually the same tolerance-dictated length-changing behavior as the piezoelectric unit (Drawing).

Description

Ventil zum Steuern von FlüssigkeitenValve for controlling liquids
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Die Erfindung geht von einem Ventil zum Steuern von Flüssigkeiten gemäß der Gattung des Patentanspruchs 1 aus. Aus der EP 0 477 400 AI ist ein derartiges Ventil, welches über einen piezoelektrischen Aktor betätigbar ist, bereits bekannt. Dieses bekannte Ventil weist eine Anordnung für einen in Hubrichtung wirkenden adaptiven, mechanischen Toleranzausgleich für einen Wegtransformator des piezoelektrischen Aktors auf, bei der die Auslenkung des piezoelektrischen Aktors über eine Hydraulikkammer übertragen wird.The invention is based on a valve for controlling liquids according to the preamble of claim 1. Such a valve, which can be actuated via a piezoelectric actuator, is already known from EP 0 477 400 A1. This known valve has an arrangement for an adaptive, mechanical tolerance compensation acting in the stroke direction for a displacement transformer of the piezoelectric actuator, in which the deflection of the piezoelectric actuator is transmitted via a hydraulic chamber.
Die Hydraulikkammer, welche als eine sogenannte hydrauli- sehe Übersetzung arbeitet, schließt zwischen zwei sie begrenzenden Kolben, von denen ein Kolben mit einem kleineren Durchmesser ausgebildet ist und mit einem anzusteuernden Ventilglied verbunden ist und der andere Kolben mit einem größeren Durchmesser ausgebildet ist und mit dem piezoelektrischen Aktor verbunden ist, ein gemeinsames Ausgleichsvolumen ein. Die Hydraulikkammer ist derart zwischen den beiden Kolben eingespannt, daß der Betätigungskolben des Ventilgliedes, das in seiner Ruhelage mittels einer oder mehrerer Federn relativ zu einer vorgegebenen Position gehalten ist, einen um das Übersetzungsverhältnis des Kolbendurchmessers vergrößerten Hub macht , wenn der größere Kolben durch den piezoelektrischen Aktor um eine bestimmte Wegstrecke bewegt wird. Das Ventilglied, die Kolben und der piezoelektrische Aktor liegen dabei auf einer gemeinsamen Achse hintereinan- der.The hydraulic chamber, which works as a so-called hydraulic ratio, closes between two pistons delimiting it, of which one piston is designed with a smaller diameter and is connected to a valve element to be actuated and the other piston is designed with a larger diameter and with which Piezoelectric actuator is connected, a common compensation volume. The hydraulic chamber is clamped between the two pistons in such a way that the actuating piston of the valve member, which is held in its rest position by means of one or more springs relative to a predetermined position, makes a stroke increased by the ratio of the piston diameter when the larger piston is moved by the piezoelectric Actuator is moved by a certain distance. The valve member, the pistons and the piezoelectric actuator lie one behind the other on a common axis.
Über das Ausgleichsvolumen der Hydraulikkammer können Toleranzen aufgrund von Temperaturgradienten im Bauteil oder unterschiedlichen Temperaturausdehnungskoeffizienten der verwendeten Materialien sowie eventuelle Setzeffekte ausgeglichen werden, ohne daß dadurch eine Änderung der Position des anzusteuernden Ventilgliedes auftritt.Tolerances due to temperature gradients in the component or different thermal expansion coefficients of the materials used, as well as possible setting effects, can be compensated for via the compensation volume of the hydraulic chamber, without a change in the position of the valve element to be controlled occurring.
Ein Ausgleich von Längenänderungen des piezoelektrischen Aktors, des Ventilgliedes oder des Ventilgehäuses durch die zwischen zwei Kolben angeordnete Hydraulikkammer erfordert jedoch eine aufwendige Konstruktion und ist hinsichtlich der auftretenden Leckageverluste und der Wiederbefül lung der Hydraulikkammer problematisch.Compensation for changes in length of the piezoelectric actuator, the valve member or the valve housing by the hydraulic chamber arranged between two pistons, however, requires a complex construction and is problematic with regard to the leakage losses and the refilling of the hydraulic chamber.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Ventil zur Steuerung von Flüssigkeiten mit einer piezoelektrischen Einheit zu schaffen, bei dem insbesondere ein Toleranzausgleichselement zum Ausgleich von Längungstoleranzen der piezoelektrischen Einheit und/oder weiterer Ventilba"uteile mit geringem Bauraumbedarf bei einem einfachen Aufbau realisiert ist.The invention has for its object to provide a valve for controlling liquids with a piezoelectric unit, in which in particular a tolerance compensation element for compensating elongation tolerances of the piezoelectric unit and / or further valve components is realized with a small space requirement with a simple construction.
Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention
Das erfindungsgemäße Ventil zur Steuerung von Flüssigkeiten mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 hat den Vorteil, daß es mit einer hohen Eigenfrequenz arbeitet, da eine direkte Kraftübertragung über das Umlenkelement ohne eine Übersetzung, mit der die Eigenfrequenz quadratisch abnimmt, vorgesehen ist.The valve according to the invention for controlling liquids with the characterizing features of claim 1 has the advantage that it works with a high natural frequency, since a direct power transmission via the deflection element without a translation with which the natural frequency decreases quadratically is provided.
Ein bedeutender Vorteil der Erfindung besteht des weiteren darin, daß das Ventil mit der erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung von piezoelektrischer Einheit, Umlenkelement und Toleranzausgleichselement einen kompakten Aufbau auf eist.Another important advantage of the invention is that the valve with the inventive arrangement of the piezoelectric unit, deflection element and tolerance compensation element has a compact structure.
Das Toleranzausgleichselement für insbesondere durch Temperaturänderungen bedingte Längungstoleranzen ist dabei erfindungsgemäß mit einfachen mechanischen Mitteln kostengünstig realisiert.The tolerance compensation element for elongation tolerances, in particular caused by temperature changes, is realized inexpensively according to the invention with simple mechanical means.
Weitere Vorteile und vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen des Gegenstandes der Erfindung sind der Beschreibung, der Zeichnung und den Patentansprüchen entnehmbar.Further advantages and advantageous configurations of the subject matter of the invention can be gathered from the description, the drawing and the patent claims.
Zeichnungdrawing
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Ventils zur Steuerung von Flüssigkeiten ist in der Zeichnung darge- stellt und wird in der folgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert .An embodiment of the valve according to the invention for controlling liquids is shown in the drawing. represents and is explained in more detail in the following description.
Die einzige Figur der Zeichnung zeigt eine schematische, ausschnittsweise Darstellung eines Ausführungsbeispiels der Erfindung bei einem Kraftstoffeinspritzventil für Brennkraftmaschinen im Längsschnitt.The single figure of the drawing shows a schematic, partial representation of an embodiment of the invention in a fuel injection valve for internal combustion engines in longitudinal section.
Beschreibung des AusführungsbeispielsDescription of the embodiment
Das in der Figur dargestellte Ausführungsbeispiel zeigt eine bevorzugte Verwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Ventils bei einem Kraftstoffeinspritzventil 1 für Brennkraftmaschinen von Kraftfahrzeugen. Das Kraftstoffeinspritzventil 1 ist dabei vorliegend als ein Common-Rail-Injektor zur Einspritzung von Dieselkraftstoff ausgebildet.The embodiment shown in the figure shows a preferred use of the valve according to the invention in a fuel injection valve 1 for internal combustion engines of motor vehicles. In this case, fuel injection valve 1 is designed as a common rail injector for injecting diesel fuel.
Zur Einstellung eines Einspritzbeginns, einer Einspritzdauer und einer Einspritzmenge über Kräfteverhältnisse in dem Kraftstoffeinspritzventil 1 wird ein Ventilglied 2 über eine piezoelektrische Einheit 3 mit einem piezoelektrischen Aktor 4 angesteuert, welcher auf einer brennraumabgewandten Seite des Ventilgliedes 2 in einer Piezokammer 5 angeordnet ist, die wiederum in einem Ventilkörper bzw. Ventilgehäuse 6 ausgebildet ist.In order to set an injection start, an injection duration and an injection quantity via the force relationships in the fuel injection valve 1, a valve member 2 is actuated via a piezoelectric unit 3 with a piezoelectric actuator 4, which is arranged in a piezo chamber 5 on a side of the valve member 2 facing away from the combustion chamber a valve body or valve housing 6 is formed.
Das kolbenförmige Ventilglied 2 ist axial verschiebbar in einer als Längsbohrung ausgeführten Bohrung 7 des Ventil - körpers 6 angeordnet und weist an seinem brennraumse itigen Ende einen ein Ventilschließglied bildenden Ventilkopf 8 auf. Das Ventilglied 2 ist vorliegend als 2/2-Ventil ausgebildet, wobei der Ventilkopf 8 mit einem an dem Ventilkδrper 6 ausgebildeten ersten Sitz 9 und einem zweiten Sitz 10 zusammenwirkt. Dabei wird in abgehobenem Zustand des Ventilkopfes 8 eine Verbindung zu einem Federraum 11 mit einer eine Rückstellkraft auf den nach außen öffnenden Ventilkopf 8 ausübenden Federeinrichtung 12 hergestellt .The piston-shaped valve member 2 is arranged axially displaceably in a bore 7 of the valve body 6 designed as a longitudinal bore and has at its end on the combustion chamber side a valve head 8 forming a valve closing member. The valve member 2 is in the present case a 2/2 valve The valve head 8 cooperates with a first seat 9 and a second seat 10 formed on the valve body 6. In this case, when the valve head 8 is lifted off, a connection is made to a spring chamber 11 with a spring device 12 which exerts a restoring force on the valve head 8 which opens outwards.
Selbstverständlich kann in einer alternativen Ausführung auch vorgesehen sein, daß das Ventilglied als 2/3 -Ventil mit einer Mittelstellung arbeitet.Of course, it can also be provided in an alternative embodiment that the valve member works as a 2/3 valve with a central position.
An den Federraum 11 schließt sich brennraumseitig eine Ablaufdrossel 13 an, die zu einem Ventilsteuerraum 14 führt, in welchen eine in der Figur nur symbolisch angedeutete Einspritzleitung 15 mündet, die ihrerseits von einem für alle Kraftstoffeinspritzventile gemeinsamen Hochdruck- speicherraum (Common-Rail) 16 abführt. Der Hochdruckspeicherraum 16 wird dabei in bekannter Weise von einer Kraftstoffhochdruckförderpumpe mit Kraftstoff hohen Druckes aus einem Vorratstank befüllt.An outlet throttle 13 connects to the spring chamber 11 on the combustion chamber side, which leads to a valve control chamber 14, into which an injection line 15, which is only symbolically indicated in the figure, opens, which in turn leads away from a high-pressure storage chamber (common rail) 16 common to all fuel injection valves , The high-pressure storage space 16 is filled in a known manner by a high-pressure fuel delivery pump with high-pressure fuel from a storage tank.
Der piezoelektrische Aktor 4 zur Betätigung des Ventil- glieds 2 ist aus mehreren dünnen Schichten aufgebaut und weist auf seiner brennraumzugewandten Seite einen Piezokopf 17 sowie auf seiner brennraumabgewandten Seite einen Piezofuß mit einer elektrischen Kontaktierung 19 auf . Der Piezokopf 17 ist mit einem Umlenkelement 20, mittels dem eine Auslenkung des piezoelektrischen Aktors 4 auf das Ventilglied 2 übertragbar ist, verbunden, wobei die piezoelektrische Einheit 3 in Bewegungsrichtung des Ventilglieds 2 mit ihrem Piezokopf 17 diesem zugewandt innerhalb einer Langserstreckung des Umlenkelements 20 angeordnet ist. Das Umlenkelement 20 stellt dabei eine im wesentlichen geschlossene und einen Innenraum 21 begrenzen- de Umlenkhülse dar.The piezoelectric actuator 4 for actuating the valve member 2 is made up of several thin layers and has a piezo head 17 on its side facing the combustion chamber and a piezo foot with an electrical contact 19 on its side facing away from the combustion chamber. The piezo head 17 is connected to a deflection element 20, by means of which a deflection of the piezoelectric actuator 4 can be transmitted to the valve member 2, the piezoelectric unit 3 being in the direction of movement of the Valve member 2 is arranged with its piezo head 17 facing it within a longitudinal extension of the deflecting element 20. The deflecting element 20 represents a substantially closed deflecting sleeve that delimits an interior space 21.
Der piezoelektrische Aktor 4 ist mit der Umlenkhulse 21 über e n Toleranzausgleichselement 22 zum Ausgleich von Längungstoler nzen der piezoelektrischen Einheit 3 oder weiterer Ventilbauteile wie z.B. des Ventilglieds 2 oder des Ventilkörpers 6 verbunden. Das Toleranzausgleicnsele- ment 22 ist dabei parallel zu der piezoelektrischen Einheit 3 angeordnet, wobei es einerseits mit dem Piezokopf 17 und andererseits mit einem Auflager 23 an der Umlenkhülse 20 m einem an den Piezofuß 18 angrenzenden Bereich verbundenThe piezoelectric actuator 4 is connected to the deflection sleeve 21 via a tolerance compensation element 22 to compensate for elongation tolerances of the piezoelectric unit 3 or other valve components such as e.g. of the valve member 2 or the valve body 6 connected. The tolerance compensating element 22 is arranged parallel to the piezoelectric unit 3, being connected on the one hand to the piezo head 17 and on the other hand to a support 23 on the deflection sleeve 20 m, an area adjacent to the piezo foot 18
Wie der Figur zu entnehmen ist, ist das Toleranzausgleichselement 22 st mit zwei sich parallel zu der piezoelektrischen Einheit 3 erstreckenden Ausgleichsbolzen 24 ausgebildet, welche an dem auflagerartig über den Durchmesser des piezoelektrischen Aktors 4 überkragenden Piezokopf 17 befestigt sind.As can be seen from the figure, the tolerance compensation element 22 is formed with two compensation bolts 24 which extend parallel to the piezoelectric unit 3 and which are fastened to the piezo head 17 projecting over the diameter of the piezoelectric actuator 4.
Selbstverständlich kann m einer alternativen Ausführung auch vorgesehen sein, daß das Toleranzausgleichselement mit einer hiervon abweichenden Anzahl an Ausgleichsbolzen oder beispielsweise hülsenartig ausgebildet ist.Of course, in an alternative embodiment it can also be provided that the tolerance compensation element is designed with a different number of compensation bolts or, for example, like a sleeve.
Das Toleranzausgleichselement 22 weist ein im Vergleich zu der piezoelektrischen Einheit 3 gleichartiges tolera.nzbe- dingtes Längenänderungsverhalten auf, ohne eine auf die Stellung des Ventilglieds 2 einwirkende Bewegung des Umlenkelements 20 zu verursachen. Hierzu weist das Toleranzausgleichselement 20 annähernd eine Länge und einen Temperaturausdehnungskoeffizienten des piezoelektrischen Aktors 4 auf .The tolerance compensation element 22 has a tolera.nzbe- of the same type as the piezoelectric unit 3. urgent change in length behavior without causing a movement of the deflecting element 20 acting on the position of the valve member 2. For this purpose, the tolerance compensation element 20 has approximately a length and a coefficient of thermal expansion of the piezoelectric actuator 4.
Da zum Temperaturausgleich eine gut leitende Wärmebrücke zwischen dem piezoelektrischen Aktor und dem Toleranzaus- gleichselement 20 nötig ist, ist der diese umgebendeSince a well-conductive thermal bridge between the piezoelectric actuator and the tolerance compensation element 20 is necessary for temperature compensation, it is the one surrounding it
Innenraum 21 des Umlenkelements 20 mit einem Wärmeleitmedium 32 befüllt, welches eine hohe Wärmeleitf higkeit aufweist. Dabei dient das Umlenkelement 20 gleichsam als Behälter für das Wärme1eitmedium 32.Interior 21 of the deflecting element 20 is filled with a heat-conducting medium 32, which has a high thermal conductivity. The deflecting element 20 serves as a container for the heat transfer medium 32.
In der vorliegenden Ausführung ist als Wärmeleitmedium eine Wärmeleitpaste aus Silikonöl gewählt, jedoch bieten sich hierfür auch andere Medien, insbesondere aus synthe ischem Öl an.In the present embodiment, a heat-conducting paste made of silicone oil is selected as the heat-conducting medium, but other media, in particular made of synthetic oil, are also suitable for this.
Die piezoelektrische Einheit 3 ist gegenüber der das Ventilglied 2 aufnehmenden Bohrung 7 und darin befindlichem Kraftstoff abgedichtet, wozu ein Dichtelement 25 vorgesehen ist, das hier als eine Dichtplatte ausgebildet ist, welche in dem an dieser Stelle zweiteilig ausgeführten Ventilkörper 6 gelagert ist. Die Dichtplatte 25 weist zur Kontaktie- rung des Umlenkelements 20 mit dem Ventilglied 2 jeweils mit einer Dichteinrichtung 26, welche ein O-Ring oder eine Membran ist, versehene Durchtrittsöffnungen 27 auf. Durch die Durchtrittsöffnungen 27 reichen an dem Umlenkelement 20 vorgesehene Durchtrittsbolzen 28 in die Bohrung 7 hinein. Zur Kontaktierung mit den Durchtrittsbolzen 28 des Utnlenk- elements 20 ist das Ventilglied 2 mit einem Teller 29 ausgebildet, dessen Durchmesser im wesentlichen dem des Umlenkelements 20 entspricht.The piezoelectric unit 3 is sealed off from the bore 7 receiving the valve member 2 and the fuel contained therein, for which purpose a sealing element 25 is provided, which is designed here as a sealing plate which is mounted in the valve body 6, which is made in two parts at this point. The sealing plate 25 has through openings 27 each provided with a sealing device 26, which is an O-ring or a membrane, for contacting the deflecting element 20 with the valve member 2. Through the passage openings 27 provided on the deflection element 20 pass through bolts 28 into the bore 7. For contacting the passage bolts 28 of the steering element 20, the valve member 2 is formed with a plate 29, the diameter of which essentially corresponds to that of the deflection element 20.
Das Ventilglied 2 bzw. dessen Teller 29 ist im nicht aktivierten Zustand des piezoelektrischen Aktors 4 durch einen Lüftspalt 30 von dem Umlenkelement 20 getrennt ist. Dieser Luftspalt 30 ist derart dimensioniert, daß bei einem möglichen Temperaturausgleich Bewegungen des Umlenkelements von einigen wenigen Mikrometern ausgeglichen werden können.In the non-activated state of the piezoelectric actuator 4, the valve member 2 or its plate 29 is separated from the deflection element 20 by an air gap 30. This air gap 30 is dimensioned such that movements of the deflecting element of a few micrometers can be compensated for a possible temperature compensation.
Zwischen der Dichtplatte 25 und dem Piezokopf 17 ist eine Federeinrichtung 31 vorgespannt eingebaut, welche als Vorspannelement für den aus mehreren Schichten in „Multi- layer"-Bauart aufgebauten piezoelektrischen Aktor 4 vorgesehen ist und verhindert, daß sich dessen Schichten bei einer Bestromung voneinander lösen.Between the sealing plate 25 and the piezo head 17, a spring device 31 is installed in a prestressed manner, which is provided as a prestressing element for the piezoelectric actuator 4 constructed from a plurality of layers in a “multilayer” design and prevents the layers thereof from detaching from one another when energized.
Das Kraftstoffeinspritzventil 1 gemäß der Figur arbeitet in nachfolgend beschriebener Weise.The fuel injection valve 1 according to the figure operates in the manner described below.
In geschlossenem Zustand des Kraftstoffeinspritzvent ils 1, d.h. bei unbestromtem piezoelektrischen Aktor 4 und einem , wird der Ventilkopf 8 des Ventilglieds 2 in Anlage an den ihm zugeordneten ersten Sitz 9 gehalten, so daß kein Kraftstoff aus dem mit dem Hochdruckspeicherraum 16 verbundenen Ventilsteuerraum 14 in den Bereich der Längsbohrung 7 gelangen kann. Der piezoelektrische Aktor 4 ist dabei durch die Federeinrichtung 31 zwischen dem PiezokopfWhen the fuel injector ils 1 is closed, i.e. when the piezoelectric actuator 4 is deenergized and the valve head 8 of the valve member 2 is held in contact with the first seat 9 assigned to it, so that no fuel can get into the region of the longitudinal bore 7 from the valve control chamber 14 connected to the high-pressure storage chamber 16. The piezoelectric actuator 4 is through the spring device 31 between the piezo head
17 und dem Piezofuß 18 eingespannt, und das mit dem Piezokopf 17 über das Toleranzausgleichselement 20 verbundene Umlenkelement 20 ist durch den Lüftspalt 30 auf Distanz zu dem Ventilglied 2 gehalten.17 and the piezo foot 18 clamped, and that with the Piezo head 17, deflection element 20 connected via tolerance compensation element 20, is held at a distance from valve member 2 by air gap 30.
Im Falle einer langsamen Betätigung, wie sie bei einer temperaturbedingten Längenänderung des piezoelektrischen Aktors 4 auftritt, längen sich die Ausgleichsbolzen 24 des Toleranzausgleichelements 22 in gleicher Weise wie der piezoelektrische Aktor 4, so daß das Umlenkelement 20 nicht bewegt wird oder nur eine minimale Auslenkung erfährt, welche geringer ist als die Breite des Lüftspalts 30. In jedem Fall hat dies keine Auswirkung auf die Schließ- und Öffnungsstellung des Ventilglieds 2 und des Kraftstoffven- tils 1 insgesamt.In the event of slow actuation, as occurs when the length of the piezoelectric actuator 4 changes due to temperature, the compensating bolts 24 of the tolerance compensating element 22 lengthen in the same way as the piezoelectric actuator 4, so that the deflecting element 20 is not moved or experiences only a minimal deflection, which is smaller than the width of the air gap 30. In any case, this has no effect on the closed and open positions of the valve member 2 and the fuel valve 1 as a whole.
Wenn eine Einspritzung durch das Kraftstoffeinspritzventil 1 erfolgen soll, wird der piezoelektrische Aktor 4 be- stromt, wodurch dieser seine axiale Ausdehnung schlagartig vergrößert. Bei einer derartigen schnellen Betätigung des piezoelektrischen Aktors 4 wird das mit dem Piezokopf 17 verbundene Umlenkelement 20 ebenso stark in Richtung des Ventilgliedes 2 verschoben, so daß das Umlenkelement 20 auf den Teller 29 des Ventilgliedes 2 auftrifft und das Ventilglied 2 von seinem ersten Sitz 9 abhebt und in eine geöffnete Stellung an dessen zweitem Sitz 10 bringt. Somit kann aus dem Ventilsteuerraum 14 Kraftstoff in die Längs - bohrung 7 des Ventilkörpers 6 eintreten, wobei der eingetretene Kraftstoff durch eine Leckageablaufleitung 34 wieder entweichen kann. Die Öffnung des Ventilglieds 2 hat in dem kraftausgeglichen ausgestalteten Kraftstoffeinspritzventil 1 zur Folge , daß ein Ventilsteuerkolben 33 in dem Ventilsteuerraum 14 nach oben bewegt wird und Kraftstoff durch eine nun freigebende Einspritzdüse in den nicht weiter dargestellten Brennraum eingespritzt wird.If an injection is to take place through the fuel injection valve 1, the piezoelectric actuator 4 is energized, as a result of which its axial expansion increases suddenly. With such a rapid actuation of the piezoelectric actuator 4, the deflection element 20 connected to the piezo head 17 is displaced equally strongly in the direction of the valve member 2, so that the deflection element 20 strikes the plate 29 of the valve member 2 and the valve member 2 lifts from its first seat 9 and brings it into an open position at its second seat 10. Fuel can thus enter the longitudinal bore 7 of the valve body 6 from the valve control chamber 14, the fuel that has entered being able to escape again through a leakage drain line 34. The opening of the valve member 2 in the force-balanced designed fuel injection valve 1 has the result that a valve control piston 33 is moved upward in the valve control chamber 14 and fuel is injected into the combustion chamber, which is not shown, through a now releasing injection nozzle.
Bei Deaktivierung des piezoelektrischen Aktors 4 schrumpft dessen Länge wieder auf seine Ausgangslänge zurück, und das Ventilglied 2 wird durch die Rückstellkraft der Federeinrichtung 12 an den ersten Sitz 9 an dem Ventilkörper 6 gedrückt . When the piezoelectric actuator 4 is deactivated, its length shrinks back to its original length, and the valve member 2 is pressed against the first seat 9 on the valve body 6 by the restoring force of the spring device 12.

Claims

Ansprüche Expectations
1. Ventil zum Steuern von Flüssigkeiten, mit einem in einer Bohrung (7) eines Ventilkörpers (6) axial verschiebbaren Ventilglied (2), das an einem Ende ein Ventilschließ- glied (8) aufweist, das mit einem an dem Ventilköxrper (6) vorgesehenen Sitz (9, 10) zum Öffnen und Schließen des Ventils (1) zusammenwirkt, mit einer piezoelektrischen Einheit (3) zur Betätigung des Ventilglieds (2), sowie mit einem Toleranzausgleichselement (22) zum Aus- gleich von Längungstoleranzen der piezoelektrischen1. Valve for controlling liquids, with a valve member (2) which is axially displaceable in a bore (7) of a valve body (6) and which has at one end a valve closing member (8) which is connected to the valve body (6) provided seat (9, 10) for opening and closing the valve (1) cooperates with a piezoelectric unit (3) for actuating the valve member (2), and with a tolerance compensation element (22) for compensating elongation tolerances of the piezoelectric
Einheit (3) und/oder weiterer Ventilbauteile (6), dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Auslenkung der piezoelektrischen Einheit (3) über ein Umlenkelement (20) auf das Ventilglied (2) übertragbar ist, wobei die piezoelektri- sehe Einheit (3) in Bewegungsrichtung des VentilgliedsUnit (3) and / or further valve components (6), characterized in that the deflection of the piezoelectric unit (3) can be transmitted to the valve member (2) via a deflection element (20), the piezoelectric unit (3) in Direction of movement of the valve member
(2) mit ihrem Piezokopf (17) diesem zugewandt im -wesentlichen innerhalb einer Längserstreckung des Umlenkelements (20) angeordnet ist und mit diesem über das Toleranzausgleichselement (22) verbunden ist, welches paral- lel zu der piezoelektrischen Einheit (3) angeordnet ist und ein hierzu gleichartiges toleranzbedingtes Längenän- derungsverhalten ohne eine auf die Stellung des Ventilglieds (2) einwirkende Bewegung des Umlenkelements (20) aufweist .(2) is arranged with its piezo head (17) facing it essentially within a longitudinal extent of the deflection element (20) and is connected to it via the tolerance compensation element (22), which is arranged parallel to the piezoelectric unit (3) and a similar tolerance-related length change change behavior without a movement of the deflecting element (20) acting on the position of the valve member (2).
2. Ventil nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Toleranzausgleichselement (20) wenigstens annähernd eine Länge und einen Temperaturausdehnungskoeffizienten der wenigstens einen piezoelektrischen Aktor (4) umfassenden piezoelektrischen Einheit (3) aufweist.2. Valve according to claim 1, characterized in that the tolerance compensation element (20) has at least approximately a length and a temperature expansion coefficient of the at least one piezoelectric actuator (4) comprising piezoelectric unit (3).
3. Ventil nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Toleranzausgleichselement (22) einerseits mit dem Piezokopf (17) und andererseits mit einem Auflager3. Valve according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the tolerance compensation element (22) on the one hand with the piezo head (17) and on the other hand with a support
(23) an dem Umlenkelement (20) in einem an einen Piezo- fuß (18) angrenzenden Bereich verbunden ist.(23) is connected to the deflecting element (20) in an area adjacent to a piezo foot (18).
4. Ventil nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der die piezoelektrische Einheit (3) und das Toleranzausgleichselement (22) umgebende Bereich (21) mit einem eine hohe Wärmeleitfähigkeit aufweisenden Wärmeleitmedium (32) befüllt ist.4. Valve according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the piezoelectric unit (3) and the tolerance compensation element (22) surrounding area (21) is filled with a high thermal conductivity thermal medium (32).
5. Ventil nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Wärmeleitmedium (32) eine Wärmeleitpaste, insbesondere aus synthetischem Öl, darstellt.5. Valve according to claim 4, characterized in that the heat-conducting medium (32) is a heat-conducting paste, in particular made of synthetic oil.
6. Ventil nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Toleranzausgleichselement (22) mit sich parallel zu der piezoelektrischen Einheit (3) erstreckenden Ausgleichsbolzen (24) ausgebildet ist, welche einerseits an dem auflagerartig über den Durch- messer der piezoelektrischen Einheit (3) überkragenden Piezokopf (17) befestigt sind.6. Valve according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the tolerance compensation element (22) is formed with parallel to the piezoelectric unit (3) extending compensation bolt (24), which on the one hand on the support-like over the through Knife of the piezoelectric unit (3) projecting piezo head (17) are attached.
7. Ventil nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Umlenkelement (20) als eine wenigstens teilweise geschlossene und einen Innenraum (21) begrenzende Umlenkhülse ausgebildet ist.7. Valve according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the deflecting element (20) is designed as an at least partially closed and an interior (21) delimiting deflecting sleeve.
8. Ventil nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die piezoelektrische Einheit (3) gegenüber der das Ventilglied (2) aufnehmenden Bohrung (7) abgedichtet ist.8. Valve according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the piezoelectric unit (3) with respect to the valve member (2) receiving bore (7) is sealed.
9. Ventil nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die piezoelektrische Einheit (3) gegenüber der das Ventilglied (2) aufnehmenden Bohrung (7) mittels einem Dichtelement (25) abgedichtet ist, welches zur Kontaktierung des Umlenkelements (20) mit dem Ventilglied (2) wenigstens eine abgedichtete Durchtrittsöffnung (27) atif- weist.9. Valve according to claim 8, characterized in that the piezoelectric unit (3) with respect to the valve member (2) receiving bore (7) by means of a sealing element (25) is sealed, which for contacting the deflecting element (20) with the valve member ( 2) at least one sealed passage opening (27).
10. Ventil nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Umlenkelement (20) durch das als Dichtplatte ausgebildete Dichtelement (25) in die das Ventilglied (2) a -fneh- mende Bohrung (7) reicht, wobei das Umlenkelement (20) im Bereich der wenigstens einen Durchtrittsöffnuncj (27) durch die Dichtplatte (25) Durchtrittsbolzen (28) aufweist .10. Valve according to claim 9, characterized in that the deflecting element (20) extends through the sealing element (25) designed as a sealing plate into which the valve member (2) a -fneh- bore (7), wherein the deflecting element (20) in Area of the at least one passage opening (27) through the sealing plate (25) has passage bolts (28).
11. Ventil nach Anspruch 9 oder 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Vorspannelement für die piezoelektrische Einheit (3) eine an dem Dichtelement (25) abgestützte Federeinrichtung (31) vorgesehen ist.11. Valve according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that as a biasing element for the piezoelectric unit (3) a spring device (31) supported on the sealing element (25) is provided.
12. Ventil nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Ventilglied (2) zur Kontaktie- rung mit dem Umlenkelement (20) mit einem Teller (29) ausgebildet ist, dessen Durchmesser im wesentlichen dem des Umlenkelements (20) entspricht.12. Valve according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the valve member (2) is designed for contacting the deflecting element (20) with a plate (29) whose diameter corresponds substantially to that of the deflecting element (20) ,
13. Ventil nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, gekennzeichnet durch seine Verwendung als Bestandteil eines Kraftstoffeinspritzventils für Brennkraftmaschinen, insbesondere eines Common-Rail-Injektors (1). 13. Valve according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized by its use as a component of a fuel injection valve for internal combustion engines, in particular a common rail injector (1).
EP00975772A 1999-09-30 2000-09-16 Valve for controlling liquids Expired - Lifetime EP1135595B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19946841 1999-09-30
DE19946841A DE19946841A1 (en) 1999-09-30 1999-09-30 Valve for controlling liquids
PCT/DE2000/003226 WO2001023745A1 (en) 1999-09-30 2000-09-16 Valve for controlling liquids

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EP1135595A1 true EP1135595A1 (en) 2001-09-26
EP1135595B1 EP1135595B1 (en) 2004-12-15

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JP (1) JP2003510508A (en)
KR (1) KR100806058B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE285034T1 (en)
CZ (1) CZ295448B6 (en)
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Publication number Publication date
DE19946841A1 (en) 2001-05-03
EP1135595B1 (en) 2004-12-15
KR20010101058A (en) 2001-11-14
ATE285034T1 (en) 2005-01-15
DE50008956D1 (en) 2005-01-20
KR100806058B1 (en) 2008-02-21
US6454239B1 (en) 2002-09-24
WO2001023745A1 (en) 2001-04-05
CZ20011878A3 (en) 2002-03-13
CZ295448B6 (en) 2005-08-17
JP2003510508A (en) 2003-03-18

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