EP1133359B1 - Ultradünnwandige mehrfachlochplatte für heizblock-thermozyklen - Google Patents

Ultradünnwandige mehrfachlochplatte für heizblock-thermozyklen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1133359B1
EP1133359B1 EP99952630A EP99952630A EP1133359B1 EP 1133359 B1 EP1133359 B1 EP 1133359B1 EP 99952630 A EP99952630 A EP 99952630A EP 99952630 A EP99952630 A EP 99952630A EP 1133359 B1 EP1133359 B1 EP 1133359B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wells
multiwell plate
heat block
samples
pcr
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99952630A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1133359A1 (de
Inventor
Alexandre Tretiakov
Hans-Peter Saluz
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Analytik Jena AG
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Analytik Jena AG
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Publication date
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Priority to EP99952630A priority Critical patent/EP1133359B1/de
Publication of EP1133359A1 publication Critical patent/EP1133359A1/de
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Publication of EP1133359B1 publication Critical patent/EP1133359B1/de
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
    • B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
    • B01L3/508—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes rigid containers not provided for above
    • B01L3/5085—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes rigid containers not provided for above for multiple samples, e.g. microtitration plates
    • B01L3/50851—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes rigid containers not provided for above for multiple samples, e.g. microtitration plates specially adapted for heating or cooling samples
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L7/00—Heating or cooling apparatus; Heat insulating devices
    • B01L7/52—Heating or cooling apparatus; Heat insulating devices with provision for submitting samples to a predetermined sequence of different temperatures, e.g. for treating nucleic acid samples

Definitions

  • the invention relates to plastic plates for conventional heat block thermocycling of biological samples, particularly to multiwell plates. More specifically, it relates to ultrathin-walled multiwell plates with an improved heat transfer to small-volume samples. Such plates can be used for rapid temperature cycling of multiple, small-volume samples (i.e. 0.5-20 ⁇ l) by using heat block thermocyclers with an increased block temperature ramping rate (i.e. 4° C/second and greater) and standard heated-lid technology for sealing the samples.
  • block temperature ramping rate i.e. 4° C/second and greater
  • thermocycler for rapid temperature cycling of small samples is a glass capillary tube and a hot-air thermocycler from Roche Molecular Biochemicals (cat No. 1909 339 and cat No. 2011468, respectively).
  • the glass capillary tube can hold reaction volumes ranging from 10 to 20 ⁇ l.
  • the hot-air thermocycler can hold 32 capillaries and perform 30 - 40 PCR cycles in 20-30 minutes.
  • these rapid DNA amplification technology is connected with various disadvantages, for example:
  • the samples as small as 20 ⁇ l are placed into the tubes, the tubes are closed by deformable, gas-tight caps and positioned into similarly shaped conical wells machined in the body of the heat block.
  • the heated cover compresses each cap and forces each tube down firmly into its own well.
  • the heated platen i.e. heated lid
  • PCR tubes can be put in a two-piece holder (US patent US-A-5,710,381) of an 8x12, 96-well microplate format, which can be used to support the high sample throughput needs with any number between 1 and 96 individual reaction tubes.
  • the inventors describe a plate with cylindrically shaped walls of the wells and spherically shaped bottoms thereof.
  • the individual wells of the plate were formed by melting a polycarbonate sheet in the range of 0.27-0.5 mm by a stream of hot air. This technology leads to relatively thin walls in the range of 0.08-0.2mm.
  • the biological samples were placed into the wells, covered with polycarbonate film (0.1 mm) and the individual wells were thermosealed by a special press. Upon sealing the plate was placed on the thermoblock and fixed by screws. Though theoretically the heat transfer to the samples is improved, however, the way of positioning the plate on the block and the cylindrical and spherical geometry of the well prevent a close thermal contact with the heating block. During thermocyling, due to the large thermal expansion, the plate fixed by screws becomes deformed and the close thermal contact is not maintained anymore. Therefore, by using the above technology rapid cycling reactions cannot be performed.
  • thermocycler with an increased ramping rate, i.e. 4° C/second).
  • the thermocycler can hold 96 PCR tubes (each of a volume of 0.2 ml) or 96-well PCR plates. Theoretically, the thermocycler can perform 30 PCR cycles in 20-30 minutes, provided that only a few seconds are spent to reach the temperature equilibrium between the heat block and the samples.
  • the present invention concerns plastic multiwell plates for performing heat block thermocycling of multiple sample according to claim 1.
  • Such ultrathin-walled multiwell plates have an improved heat transfer to small samples.
  • Ultrathin-walled multiwell plates are suited for rapid, oil-free, heat block temperature cycling of small-volume samples (i.e. approximately 0,5-20 ⁇ l), whereby the lower limit is given by the reliability of the conventional pipetting systems. Preferred embodiments of the invention are described by the dependent claims.
  • thermoforming the plates out of thin thermoplastic films are, for example, polyolefin films, such as metallocene-catalyzed polyolefin films and/or copolymer films.
  • the multiwell plate is vacuumformed out of cast, unoriented polypropylene film, polypropylene-polyethylene copolymer films or metallocene-catalyzed polypropylene films.
  • the film is formed into a negative ("female") mould comprising a plurality of spaced-apart, conically shaped wells which are machined in the body of a mould in the shape of rectangular- or square-array.
  • vacuumforming wells with a draw ratio of two and an average thickness of the walls of 30 microns results in a film thickness of 60 microns.
  • the average optimum wall thickness was found to be 20-40 microns.
  • the thickness of the well is reduced 7.5-15 fold when compared to the wall thickness of the formerly improved PCR tube desribed in U.S. Patent No US-A-5,475,610.
  • heat transfer through one square millimeter of the surface of the well of the plate is increased 7.5-15 fold and the time of temperature transfer through the wall is decreased 56-225 fold when compared to the said PCR tube.
  • the thickness of the walls of the formed wells is gradually reduced to the bottoms of the wells due to vacuumforming of the wells into a negative mould. This geometry of the walls of the wells provides several advantages:
  • Another embodiment of the invention concerns the height of the wells of the multiwell plate.
  • the height of the conically shaped wells is equal to the height of the similarly shaped sample wells machined in the body of the heat block.
  • this geometry of the wells (2) enables the positioning of the plate (1) on the heat block (4) as shown in Figure 2.
  • Figure 2 in contrast to the conventional PCR plates, the walls of the wells (2) of the multi-well plate (1) do not project above the top surface of the block (4).
  • the type of positioning provides several advantages: The pressure caused by the screw (12) to the lid (10) (heating element (11)) can be increased in order to obtain efficient sealing of the samples (9) sealed, for example, by a silicon mat (13).
  • the pressure is actually directed to those parts of the multiwell plate (1) which are supported by the top surface of the heat block (4) (or by parts of the top surface surrounding individual wells depending on the geometry of the heat block) and not to the thin walls of the wells of the plate as it is the case for the PCR tubes or conventional PCR plates.
  • This advantage makes it possibe to increase the sealing pressure of the heated lid (10) several fold when compared to the conventionally used pressure of 30-50 g per well without cracking the conically shaped walls of the wells (2).
  • the extremely thin walls of the wells are highly flexible as the multiwell plates are thermoformed out of highly elastic films (or sheets depending on the draw ratio).
  • the walls of the wells are highly resistant against stress cracking, due to their flexibility and elasticity.
  • the air pressure in the wells will increase at elevated temperatures. The increased air pressure causes a deformation of the walls of wells and brings them in tight thermal contact with the surface of the walls of the individual sample wells machined in the body of the heat block.
  • Standard PCR plates (having relatively thick and rigid walls of the wells) require that the conically shaped walls of the wells have to match perfectly with the shape of the wells machined in the body of the heat block to guarantee a close thermal contact (see for example U.S. Patent No US-A-5,475,610).
  • This requirement is not as critical for the ultrathin walled multiwell plates of the invention, due to flexibility and elasticity of the walls of the wells.
  • special shapes of both, the walls of the wells of the plate and the wells of the heat block can be differently designed. These differently designed wells can promote an even closer thermal contact after positioning the plate into the heat block.
  • Another embodiment of the invention concerns the frame of the multiwell plates.
  • the plates can be formed of very thin films (depending on the draw ratio of the well; supra) the flexibility of, for example, standard-format plates, i.e. 96-well PCR (8,5 x 12,5 cm) plates, is such that handling is not easily possible anymore. Therefore, depending on the geometry of the plate, a supporting frame might be needed, for example for industry standard formats, i.e. 96-, 192-, 384-well PCR plates.
  • This frame can support, for example in case of small plates, the edges of the plate, or individual wells of the plate, or groups of wells.
  • the frame can be injection molded in the form of the standard skirted microplates containing the array of holes in the top surface of the frame matching the array of wells of the ultrathin multiwell plate.
  • the plate can be attached to the frame by for example heat bonding.
  • small format plates including the frame can be formed as a single piece by using specially designed moulds.
  • the polypropylene-based plastics are PCR-compatible and therefore widely used for injection molding of PCR tubes and/or multiwell plates. In addition, they are resistant to stress cracking and have a reduced water vapor sorption when compared to other plastics (e.g. polycarbonate).
  • Such plates can be thermoformed in both, standard industry formats, i.e. 96-, 192- and 384-well PCR plates for large scale applications, supported by robots and small foot-print formats to match small foot-print thermocyclers, i.e. "personal thermocyclers”.
  • Fig.1 illustrates a 36-well ultrathin walled multiwell plate according to the invention.
  • the plate was designed for rapid temperature cycling of samples ranging from 0.5-4 ⁇ l using a small foot-print peltier-driven heat block thermocycler supplied with a "wine-press" type heated lid (Fig. 2).
  • the volume of the wells is 16 ⁇ l and the distance between the wells is 4.5 mm, i.e. industry standard for high sample density 384-well PCR plates.
  • the diameter of the openings of the wells is 3.8 mm and the height of the wells is 3 mm.
  • the average thickness of the walls of the wells is 30 ⁇ m.
  • the frame (3) was cut out of a polypropylene sheet of a thickness of 0.5 mm and heat bonded to the plate (1).
  • the area of the plate (1) is 30 ⁇ 30 mm.
  • the handling of the plate (1) containing the multiple wells (2) is facilitated, by a rigid 0.5-1 mm thick plastic frame (3) which is heat bonded to the plate.
  • the ultrathin walled multiwell plate according to the invention (Fig.1) was experimentally tested for the amplification of a 455-base pairs long fragment of human papilloma virus DNA.
  • the sample volume was 3 ⁇ l.
  • the average ramping rate of the thermo cycler was varied from 4° C to 8° C per second.
  • the samples i.e. standard PCR-mixtures without any carrier molecules
  • the plate was covered by standard sealing film (Microseal A; MJ-Research, USA), transferred into the heatblock of the thermocycler and tightly sealed by the heated lid as shown in Fig. 2.
  • PCR cycler Upon sealing, a number of 30 PCR cycles was performed in 15-25 minutes depending on the ramping rate of the thermo cycler.
  • the PCR product was analyzed by conventional agarose electrophoresis.
  • the 455-base pairs long DNA fragment was amplified with a high specificity at the indicated ramping rates (supra).
  • Plates according to the invention with well volumes of 35 ⁇ l were successfully tested for temperature cycling of samples of a volume of 20 ⁇ l. Thereby, 30 PCR cycles were performed in 20-30 minutes at a ramping rate of 6° C per second. Surprisingly, although the average thickness of the walls was 20 microns and the volume of the wells was 35 ⁇ l, samples of a volume of as few as 0.5 ⁇ l can be easily amplified without reducing the PCR efficiency.
  • the ultrathin walled multiwell plates allow a simple and rapid loading of multiple samples by conventional pipettes, rapid sealing of all samples by using conventional sealing films and rapid DNA amplification (15-30 minutes for 30 cycles) with an improved specificity typical for rapid cycling (Wittwer et al., Analytical Biochem., 186, 328-331 [1990]) using appropriate heat block thermocyclers (i.e. ramping rate in the range of 4° C to 8° C per second).
  • the invention is based on the problem to create a multiwell plate, both with sufficient thermal transmission for rapid PCR, particularly for small samples, and a sufficient stability for handling.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
  • Automatic Analysis And Handling Materials Therefor (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Mehrfachvertiefungsplatte zum zyklischen Temperieren (engl. Thermocycling) von Proben mittels eines Heizblocks, umfassend ein Feld von kleinvolumigen Vertiefungen mit identischer Höhe, die in ähnlich geformte Vertiefungen, welche in der oberen Oberfläche des Heizblocks ausgebildet sind, passen, wobei die Wandungen der Vertiefungen deformierbar sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Volumen einer einzelnen Vertiefung im Bereich von 16 bis 85 µl liegt,
    dass die Wandungen der Vertiefungen ultradünn mit einer durchschnittlichen Dicke zwischen 20 und 40µm sind,
    dass die Vertiefungen konisch geformt sind,
    dass die Vertiefungen aus polyolefin-basierender Plastik bestehen und
    dass die Mehrfachvertiefungsplatte einen festen Rahmen umfasst.
  2. Mehrfachvertiefungsplatte nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Höhe der Vertiefungen der Mehrfachvertiefungsplatte nicht größer ist als die Höhe der Probenvertiefungen, die in der oberen Oberfläche des Heizblocks des Thermocyclers ausgebildet sind.
  3. Mehrfachvertiefungsplatte nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Rahmen ein Feld von Löchern in seiner oberen Oberfläche umfasst, welches zu dem Feld von Vertiefungen der Mehrfachvertiefungsplatte passt.
  4. Mehrfachvertiefungsplatte nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der feste Rahmen durch Hitzeverbindung (engl. heat bonding) mit der Mehrfachvertiefungsplatte verbunden ist.
  5. Mehrfachvertiefungsplatte nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mehrfachvertiefungsplatte und der feste Rahmen als ein einzelnes Stück ausgebildet sind.
  6. Mehrfachvertiefungsplatte nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vertiefungen passend sind für Proben mit einem Volumen im Bereich von 0,5 bis 20 µl.
  7. Mehrfachvertiefungsplatte nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Dicke der Wandungen der Vertiefungen von oben zum Boden abnimmt.
  8. Mehrfachvertiefungsplatte nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mehrfachvertiefungsplatte einen festen Rahmen umfasst, welcher Gruppen von Vertiefungen unterstützt.
  9. Mehrfachvertiefungsplatte nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mehrfachvertiefungsplatte einen festen, unterstützenden Rahmen umfasst, der einzelne Vertiefungen unterstützt.
EP99952630A 1998-10-29 1999-10-28 Ultradünnwandige mehrfachlochplatte für heizblock-thermozyklen Expired - Lifetime EP1133359B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP99952630A EP1133359B1 (de) 1998-10-29 1999-10-28 Ultradünnwandige mehrfachlochplatte für heizblock-thermozyklen

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP98120187A EP1000661A1 (de) 1998-10-29 1998-10-29 Ultradünnwandige Mehrfachlochplatte für Heizblock-Thermozyklen
EP98120187 1998-10-29
PCT/EP1999/008178 WO2000025920A1 (de) 1998-10-29 1999-10-28 Ultrathin-walled multiwell plate for heat block thermocycling
EP99952630A EP1133359B1 (de) 1998-10-29 1999-10-28 Ultradünnwandige mehrfachlochplatte für heizblock-thermozyklen

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EP1133359A1 EP1133359A1 (de) 2001-09-19
EP1133359B1 true EP1133359B1 (de) 2004-01-14

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EP98120187A Withdrawn EP1000661A1 (de) 1998-10-29 1998-10-29 Ultradünnwandige Mehrfachlochplatte für Heizblock-Thermozyklen
EP99952630A Expired - Lifetime EP1133359B1 (de) 1998-10-29 1999-10-28 Ultradünnwandige mehrfachlochplatte für heizblock-thermozyklen

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EP (2) EP1000661A1 (de)
JP (1) JP4538152B2 (de)
AT (1) ATE257743T1 (de)
CA (1) CA2348564A1 (de)
DE (1) DE69914220T2 (de)
WO (1) WO2000025920A1 (de)

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EP2404672A1 (de) * 2010-07-06 2012-01-11 Universiteit Twente Multiwell-System mit hohem Durchsatz zum Kultivieren von in-vitro oder in-vivo 3D-Gewebekonstrukten, Verfahren zum Herstellen des Multiwell-Systems und Verfahren zur Herstellung von 3D-Gewebekonstrukten aus Zellen, die das Multiwell-System verwenden
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Publication number Publication date
EP1133359A1 (de) 2001-09-19
DE69914220T2 (de) 2004-11-11
EP1000661A1 (de) 2000-05-17
WO2000025920A1 (de) 2000-05-11
JP2002528108A (ja) 2002-09-03
ATE257743T1 (de) 2004-01-15
CA2348564A1 (en) 2000-05-11
DE69914220D1 (de) 2004-02-19
JP4538152B2 (ja) 2010-09-08

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