EP1133000A1 - Réflecteur hyperfréquence actif pour antenne à balayage électronique - Google Patents
Réflecteur hyperfréquence actif pour antenne à balayage électronique Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1133000A1 EP1133000A1 EP00400610A EP00400610A EP1133000A1 EP 1133000 A1 EP1133000 A1 EP 1133000A1 EP 00400610 A EP00400610 A EP 00400610A EP 00400610 A EP00400610 A EP 00400610A EP 1133000 A1 EP1133000 A1 EP 1133000A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- circuit
- reflector
- microwave
- conductive
- cell
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/44—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the electric or magnetic characteristics of reflecting, refracting, or diffracting devices associated with the radiating element
- H01Q3/46—Active lenses or reflecting arrays
Definitions
- the subject of the invention is an active microwave reflector with electronic scanning, capable of being illuminated by a wave source microwave to form an antenna.
- Electronic scanning antennas are commonly made up of a set of radiating elements emitting a wave microwave whose phase is electronically controllable, independently for each element or group of elements.
- An antenna whose beam is capable of scanning space in two directions orthogonal (2D) requires a large number of radiating elements; their cost, that of the phase shifters and associated electronics generally makes this very expensive type of antenna.
- the object of the invention is to allow the realization of an antenna with 2D electronic scanning at a cost which is significantly lower, at performance comparable to that of known antennas.
- the antenna according to the invention consists of a source linearly polarized wave wave, illuminating an active reflector microwave.
- the active reflector according to the invention comprises an assembly of elementary cells each comprising a microwave circuit phase shifter arranged in front of a conducting plane.
- the phase shifter has conductive wires arranged on a support, the wires each comprising at at least two semiconductor elements with two states, diodes for example, and being connected to conductors enabling the state of the diodes independently of each other, each of the diodes can be in the on or blocked state; we thus obtain four possible states and geometric and electrical characteristics of the cell are such that at each of these states corresponds to a given phase shift value.
- microwave decoupling means are provided which consist in particular in forming between two neighboring cells, guides waves whose walls are parallel to the polarization of the wave and whose the spacing is such that it prohibits the propagation of the wave.
- FIG. 1 schematically illustrates the principle used by the antenna according to the invention.
- the antenna is formed by a source S of microwave wave O 1 with linear polarization, parallel to a predefined direction OY, which illuminates an active reflector RA situated in a plane, for example XOY containing the direction OY.
- the reflector RA is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 2, seen from above (in the XOY plane).
- Each cell is capable of reflect the wave it receives with a controllable phase value electrically, according to a process described later.
- Figure 3 is a schematic sectional view (in a YOZ plane normal to plane XOY) of an embodiment of the active reflector RA.
- the reflector RA is composed of a microwave circuit CH, receiving the incident wave O 1 , for example substantially planar, and of a conductive plane CC, disposed substantially parallel to the circuit CH, at a predefined distance d from the latter.
- the function of the CC conducting plane is to reflect waves microwave. It can be constituted by any known means, for example sufficiently tight parallel threads or wire mesh, or a continuous plane.
- the CH circuit and the CC plane are preferably made on two sides of a dielectric support 32, of the printed circuit type.
- the RA reflector also comprises, preferably on the same printed circuit 32, which is then a multilayer circuit, the electronic circuit (components and interconnections) necessary to control the values of phase.
- a multilayer circuit whose face front 30 carries the CH circuit, the rear face 31 carries components 132, and the intermediate layers form the CC plane and by example two PI plans for interconnecting components 132 to the CH circuit.
- FIG. 4 represents an embodiment of the circuit microwave CH.
- the CH circuit consists of elementary phase shifters D made on the surface 30 and separated by decoupling zones. Each phase shifter D, associated with the corresponding part of the conductive plane CC, forms one of the elementary cells C in FIG. 2.
- a D comprises one or more wires F (only one in FIG. 4), substantially parallel to the direction OY and each carrying at least two semiconductor elements with two states, D 1 and D 2 , for example diodes, for example connected in opposition, for example by their cathode.
- the supply voltage of the diodes D 1 and D 2 is brought by control conductors which are substantially parallel to each other and perpendicular to the wires F, marked CD. There are at least three, or four as shown in the figure, so as to control the diodes independently of one another.
- phase shifters D are surrounded by conductive zones arranged towards their periphery, marked 74 in a direction parallel to OX and 75 in a direction parallel to OY, used for decoupling as explained below.
- the CD conductors are connected to the electronic circuit carried by the reflector, via metallized holes 40 (41) made at the level of the conductive zones 75 but of course electrically isolated of the latter (for example for an interruption 43 of the zone 75).
- the surface of the various conductors for example made in the form of metallic deposits on the surface 30, is shown hatched although not seen in section.
- the incident microwave wave is received on terminals B 1 and B 2 and meets four capacitors C O , C I1 , C I2 , C I3 in series , connected in parallel on terminals B 1 and B 2 .
- the capacitance C O represents the linear decoupling capacity between the extreme CD conductors and the conductive zones 74;
- the capacitance C I1 is the linear capacitance between the CD conductors surrounding the diode D 1 , the capacitance C I3 , the linear capacitance between the central CD conductors, and the capacitance C I2 , the equivalent of C I1 for the diode D2.
- diode D 2 represented by its equivalent diagram.
- the latter is analogous to that of diode D 1 , its components bearing an index 2.
- the microwave output voltage is taken between terminals B 3 and B 4 , terminals of the capacitors C 0 , C I1 , C I2 and C I3 .
- phase shifter D The operation of the phase shifter D is explained below by considering, in a first step, the behavior of such a circuit in the absence of the diode D 2 and the central CD conductors, which returns to the equivalent diagram of the figure 5 to delete the block D 2 as well as the capacities C I2 and C I3 .
- B d1 ZC 0 . ⁇ . 1-LC I1 ⁇ 2 LC I1 ⁇ 2 + LC 0 ⁇ 2 -1
- Z is the impedance of the incident wave
- ⁇ is the pulse corresponding to the center frequency of the operating band of the device.
- phase shifter D can have four different values for its susceptance B D (denoted B D1 , B D2 , B D3 and B D4 ) according to the command (direct or reverse polarization) applied to each of the diodes D 1 and D 2 .
- These values are a function of the parameters of the circuit of FIG. 5, that is to say of the values chosen for the geometric (dimensions, shapes and spacings of the different conductive surfaces) and electrical (electrical characteristics of the diodes) parameters of the phase shifter.
- B CC -cotg 2 ⁇ d ⁇ where ⁇ is the wavelength corresponding to the pulsation ⁇ .
- the susceptance B C can take four distinct values (denoted B C1 , B C2 , B C3 , and B C4 ) corresponding respectively to the four values of B D , the distance d representing an additional parameter for the determination of the values B C1 - B C4 .
- the parameters of the circuit are chosen so that the zero (or substantially zero) susceptances are such that they correspond to the diodes polarized in the direct direction, but that can of course choose a symmetrical operation in which the parameters are determined to substantially cancel the susceptances B r ; more generally, it is not necessary that one of the susceptances B d or B r is zero, these values being determined so that the condition of equal distribution of the phase shifts d ⁇ 1 -d ⁇ 4 is fulfilled.
- the active reflector according to the invention also comprises means of decoupling between C cells.
- the microwave wave received by the cells is linearly polarized, parallel to the OY direction. It is desirable that this wave does not propagate from one cell to another, in the direction OX.
- the invention provides for having a conductive zone 75 substantially in the form of a strip, produced by metallic deposition on the surface 30 for example, between the cells, parallel to the direction OY.
- This strip 75 forms, with the reflective plane CC which is below, a space of the waveguide type whose width is the distance d .
- the distance d is chosen so that it is less than ⁇ / 2, knowing that a wave whose polarization is parallel to the bands cannot propagate in such a space.
- the reflector according to the invention operates in a certain frequency band and d is chosen so that it is less than the smallest of the wavelengths of the band.
- d is chosen so that it is less than the smallest of the wavelengths of the band.
- the strip 75 must have a width e, in the direction OX, sufficient for the effect described above to be significant.
- the width e may be of the order of ⁇ / 15.
- Figure 7 shows another embodiment of the circuit microwave CH, allowing to realize a bipolarization antenna.
- phase-shifting circuit carried on the surface 30 of the substrate 32 now consists of two wires F 1 , F 2 , each carrying two semiconductor elements such as diodes (D 11 , D 21 , D 12 , D 22 ), connected for example to the same central conductor 71 itself connected by a metallized hole 72 to the electronic circuit for controlling the reflector.
- Each of the diode wires acts here on the only waves whose polarization has a component which is parallel to them, according to the same process as that which was described previously, subject to taking into account the differences in the geometry of the conductors.
Landscapes
- Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- la figure 1, le schéma général de l'antenne selon l'invention ;
- la figure 2, un schéma vu de dessus du réflecteur actif selon l'invention ;
- la figure 3, le schéma vu en coupe d'un mode de réalisation du réflecteur actif ;
- la figure 4, un mode de réalisation d'un circuit hyperfréquence utilisé dans le réflecteur actif ;
- la figure 5, le circuit équivalent du circuit hyperfréquence précédent ;
- la figure 6, un mode de réalisation pratique d'un élément de découplage des cellules entre elles ;
- la figure 7, un autre mode de réalisation du circuit hyperfréquence, permettant de réaliser une antenne bi-polarisation.
- soit une capacité Ci1 (capacité de jonction de la diode) en série avec une résistance Ri1 (résistance inverse),
- soit une résistance Rd1 (résistance directe de la diode), selon que la diode D1 est en sens inverse ou direct, ce qui est symbolisé par un interrupteur 21.
Claims (8)
- Réflecteur hyperfréquence actif, susceptible de recevoir une onde électromagnétique polarisée linéairement selon une première direction donnée (OY), caractérisé par le fait qu'il comporte un ensemble de cellules élémentaires (C) disposées l'une à côté de l'autre sur une surface,chaque cellule comportant un circuit hyperfréquence déphaseur (D) et un plan conducteur (CC) disposé sensiblement parallèlement au circuit hyperfréquence, à une distance (d) prédéfinie de ce dernier, inférieure à la moitié de la plus petite longueur d'onde de la bande de fonctionnement du réflecteur,le circuit déphaseur comportant un support diélectrique (32), au moins d'un fil électriquement conducteur (F) sensiblement parallèle à la direction donnée, disposé sur le support et portant au moins deux éléments semi-conducteurs (D1, D2) à deux états, le fil étant connecté à des conducteurs de commande (CD) des éléments semi-conducteurs, sensiblement normaux aux fils (F), les conducteurs de commande étant au moins au nombre de trois pour commander l'état des éléments semi-conducteurs indépendamment l'un de l'autre, et deux premières zones conductrices (74) disposées vers la périphérie de la cellule, sensiblement parallèlement aux conducteurs de commande,les caractéristiques géométriques et électriques de la cellule étant telles qu'à chacun des états des éléments semi-conducteurs correspond une valeur de déphasage donnée (dϕ1, dϕ2, dϕ3, dϕ4) de l'onde électromagnétique qui est réfléchie par la cellule,le réflecteur comportant en outre un circuit électronique de commande de l'état des éléments semi-conducteurs, relié aux conducteurs de commande, et des moyens de découplage hyperfréquence entre le cellules, ces moyens comportant deuxième zone conductrice (75) disposée entre chaque cellule, parallèlement à la direction donnée, qui forme avec le plan conducteur un espace guidé où l'onde ne peut pas se propager.
- Réflecteur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que le support diélectrique (32) est du type circuit imprimé multicouche dont une première face (30) porte le circuit hyperfréquence, une première couche intermédiaire porte le plan conducteur et la deuxième face (31) porte des composants du circuit de commande.
- Réflecteur selon la revendication 2, caractérisé par le fait que le support diélectrique (32) comporte en outre au moins une deuxième couche intermédiaire (PI) portant des interconnexions du circuit de commande.
- Réflecteur selon l'une des revendications 2 ou 3, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comporte des trous métallisés (40, 41), réalisés dans le support diélectrique (32), dans une deuxième direction (OZ), sensiblement normale à la première direction, à une distance l'un de l'autre très inférieure à la longueur d'onde électromagnétique, certains au moins de ces trous métallisés assurant la liaison entre le circuit de commande et les conducteurs de commande.
- Réflecteur selon la revendication 4, caractérisé par le fait que les trous métallisés (40, 41) sont réalisés dans la deuxième zone conductrice (75) mais sans contact électrique avec cette dernière.
- Réflecteur selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que les premières zones conductrices (74) se prolongent par des plans conducteurs (61) sensiblement perpendiculaires à la première direction (OY), s'étendant au moins entre le plan conducteur (CC) et le circuit déphaseur (D).
- Réflecteur selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que les éléments semi-conducteurs sont des diodes.
- Antenne hyperfréquence à balayage électronique, caractérisée par le fait qu'elle comporte un réflecteur (RA) selon l'une des revendications précédentes et une source d'onde hyperfréquence(s), illuminant le réflecteur.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE2000606353 DE60006353T2 (de) | 2000-03-07 | 2000-03-07 | Aktiver Mikrowellenreflektor für Antenne mit elektronischer Strahlschwenkung |
EP20000400610 EP1133000B1 (fr) | 2000-03-07 | 2000-03-07 | Réflecteur hyperfréquence actif pour antenne à balayage électronique |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP20000400610 EP1133000B1 (fr) | 2000-03-07 | 2000-03-07 | Réflecteur hyperfréquence actif pour antenne à balayage électronique |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1133000A1 true EP1133000A1 (fr) | 2001-09-12 |
EP1133000B1 EP1133000B1 (fr) | 2003-11-05 |
Family
ID=8173586
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP20000400610 Expired - Lifetime EP1133000B1 (fr) | 2000-03-07 | 2000-03-07 | Réflecteur hyperfréquence actif pour antenne à balayage électronique |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1133000B1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE60006353T2 (fr) |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4044360A (en) * | 1975-12-19 | 1977-08-23 | International Telephone And Telegraph Corporation | Two-mode RF phase shifter particularly for phase scanner array |
EP0595726A1 (fr) * | 1992-10-30 | 1994-05-04 | Thomson-Csf | Déphaseur d'ondes électromagnétiques et application à une antenne à balayage électronique |
FR2708808A1 (fr) * | 1993-08-06 | 1995-02-10 | Thomson Csf Radant | Panneau déphaseur à quatre états de phase et son application à une lentille hyperfréquence et à une antenne à balayage électronique. |
-
2000
- 2000-03-07 EP EP20000400610 patent/EP1133000B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-03-07 DE DE2000606353 patent/DE60006353T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4044360A (en) * | 1975-12-19 | 1977-08-23 | International Telephone And Telegraph Corporation | Two-mode RF phase shifter particularly for phase scanner array |
EP0595726A1 (fr) * | 1992-10-30 | 1994-05-04 | Thomson-Csf | Déphaseur d'ondes électromagnétiques et application à une antenne à balayage électronique |
FR2708808A1 (fr) * | 1993-08-06 | 1995-02-10 | Thomson Csf Radant | Panneau déphaseur à quatre états de phase et son application à une lentille hyperfréquence et à une antenne à balayage électronique. |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1133000B1 (fr) | 2003-11-05 |
DE60006353D1 (de) | 2003-12-11 |
DE60006353T2 (de) | 2004-10-14 |
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