EP1132700A1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur kryogenischen Luftzerlegung - Google Patents
Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur kryogenischen Luftzerlegung Download PDFInfo
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- EP1132700A1 EP1132700A1 EP01400413A EP01400413A EP1132700A1 EP 1132700 A1 EP1132700 A1 EP 1132700A1 EP 01400413 A EP01400413 A EP 01400413A EP 01400413 A EP01400413 A EP 01400413A EP 1132700 A1 EP1132700 A1 EP 1132700A1
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- air
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- oxygen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
- F25J3/04078—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression
- F25J3/04103—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression using solely hydrostatic liquid head
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
- F25J3/04048—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
- F25J3/04048—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams
- F25J3/0406—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams of nitrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
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- F25J3/04078—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression
- F25J3/0409—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression of oxygen
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- F25J3/04296—Claude expansion, i.e. expanded into the main or high pressure column
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- F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
- F25J3/04333—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using quasi-closed loop internal vapor compression refrigeration cycles, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
- F25J3/04351—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using quasi-closed loop internal vapor compression refrigeration cycles, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of nitrogen
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- F25J3/04375—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc.
- F25J3/04381—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc. using work extraction by mechanical coupling of compression and expansion so-called companders
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- F25J3/04466—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using the heat generated by mixing two different phases for producing oxygen as a mixing column overhead gas by mixing gaseous air feed and liquid oxygen
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- F25J3/04642—Recovering noble gases from air
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- F25J2235/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams
- F25J2235/58—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams the fluid being argon or crude argon
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- F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
- F25J2245/42—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams the recycled stream being nitrogen
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and an installation for air separation by cryogenic distillation, and in particular a production process pressurized gaseous oxygen and optionally nitrogen gas using a single column.
- EP-A-0584420 relates to a simple column which produces oxygen and nitrogen with overhead condenser and two reboilers operating at between 5 and 20 bars. A reboilers is heated with compressed nitrogen at room temperature and then cooled.
- EP-B-0 606 027 also describes a single column process for produce oxygen and / or nitrogen under pressure as well as at least one product liquid. Such a process is not interesting if one does not wish to produce products liquid. Indeed, the air pressure is eminently a function of the quantity of liquid produced. At zero or low liquid production, the air pressure is less than 3 bar abs, which poses problems in terms of the design of purification in mind, which requires an enormous amount of absorbent, making this process uneconomic.
- the US-A-5794458 also describes a single column air distillation process. The main criticism that can be made of such a scheme is that it includes a compressor cold compressing a fluid very rich in oxygen. Furthermore, conventionally, the air compression is carried out in one or more compressors operating at the ambient temperature.
- DE-A-1199293 describes a process for the distillation of air according to the preamble to the claim 1 wherein an air flow is separated into a single column and a liquid oxygen flow is withdrawn from the bottom of the column and vaporized by exchange of heat with compressed cycle nitrogen flow in a cold compressor.
- a part compressed nitrogen in the cold compressor at between 30 and 40 atma is used to reboil the single column. In this case it is necessary to heat the nitrogen to compress it before cooling it and liquefying it against the oxygen which vaporizes. This is costly in energy and complicates the construction of the exchangers.
- US-A-5475980 describes a double column process for distillation air which in an original way proposes to compress part of the air necessary for the distillation in a cold compressor.
- the disadvantage of such a solution is the complexity of the exchange line from which the cold fluid to be compressed is extracted before there reintroduce.
- a cold compressor compresses a fluid whose oxygen content does not not exceed 30 mol%.
- Another advantage of such a scheme is that it is better in energy as the diagram described in US Patent 5,794,458 because the turbine of the invention being on a fluid entering the cold box and not a fluid leaving the cold box, the amount of heat exchanged in the main exchanger is much lower, hence less irreversibilities.
- Another aspect of the invention is to produce oxygen at a pressure higher than the pressure of the single column by compressing a liquid rich in oxygen (either by pump or by hydrostatic head) at a pressure greater than that of the single column and by vaporizing it either by heat exchange indirect in a main exchanger or an external vaporizer, either by direct contact in a mixing column.
- the ambient temperature is defined by the suction temperature of the main air compressor supplying the separation unit.
- a separation installation air by distillation in at least a first column this column having a tank reboiler comprising means for sending compressed and purified air to the column, a compressor to compress a gas containing at most 30 mol% oxygen from the column having an inlet temperature of at most 5 ° C plus hot of a column temperature, possibly means to enrich the compressed gas in nitrogen upstream of the reboiler, means for sending the gas compressed to the reboiler, means for returning the compressed gas at least partially condensed in the column reboiler, means for withdrawing an oxygen-enriched liquid from the tank of the first column, means for pressurize it and means for vaporizing the pressurized liquid by heat exchange to form a gaseous product under pressure rich in oxygen, characterized in that it includes means for vaporizing the pressurized liquid by direct heat exchange or indirect and if the exchange is indirect the heat exchange is done with air intended for the first column.
- FIGS. 1 to 6 are schematic representations of installations according to the invention.
- the air 1 is compressed in the compressor 3, purified at 5 and divided in two.
- the fraction 7 is partially cooled in the exchanger 13 and sent to a turbine 15 in which it expands before being sent to the first column 17
- the rest of the air 9 (around 35%) is boosted in the booster 11 and passes through then the exchanger 13 where it condenses before being sent to the column, after a sub-cooling step in exchanger 35, a few trays above the turbine air injection point 15.
- the column operates at a pressure between 1.2 and 1.3 bar abs, this process can be used up to pressures of 20 bar abs, preferably less than 10 bar abs.
- Oxygen 27 is withdrawn from the bottom of the column, pressurized by the pump 23 and sent to the exchanger 13 where it vaporizes.
- Nitrogen 25 from the head of the column heats up in the sub-cooler 35 before being split in half.
- a portion 31 is sent to the exchanger 13 where it heats up.
- the rest 29 is sent to compressor 21 with an inlet temperature of -182 ° C where it is compressed to 4.9 bar before being sent to the tank reboiler 19 of the first column 17. There it condenses and is returned to the top of the column to serve as reflux 33.
- the turbine 15 is coupled to the cold compressor 21.
- Oxygen 27 is withdrawn from the bottom of the column, pressurized by the pump 23 and sent to the exchanger 13 where it vaporizes.
- the cycle nitrogen to the condenser intermediate 39 and the air 12 to the tank reboiler 19 by adjusting the pressures.
- a cold booster 21 with several stages in series, each feeding an intermediate or tank vaporizer.
- the booster cold 21 can have several stages in series each driven by a turbine or combined for example by means of a multiplier with a single turbine.
- Nitrogen 25 from the head of the column heats up in the sub-cooler 21 before being split in half.
- a portion 31 is sent to the exchanger 13 where it heats up.
- the rest 29 is sent to compressor 21 with an inlet temperature of -182 ° C where it is compressed to 4.9 bar before being sent to the tank reboiler 19 of the first column 17 (the pressure could be 4 bar if the nitrogen is sent to the intermediate reboiler). There it condenses and is returned to the top of the column to serve as reflux.
- the turbine 15 is coupled to the cold compressor 21.
- Figure 3 shows the case where the pressurized tank oxygen from the column vaporizes by direct heat exchange in a mixing column.
- the air 1 is compressed in the compressor 3, purified at 5 and divided into two.
- the fraction 7 is partially cooled in the exchanger 13 and sent to a turbine 15 in which it relaxes before being sent to the first column 17.
- the rest of air 9 (about 25%) is boosted in the booster 11 and then passes through the exchanger 13.
- the first column 17 operates at a pressure between 3 and 20 bar.
- the air flow 9 does not liquefy in the exchanger but is sent in the form carbonated in the tank of the mixing column. So the mixing column operates at a higher pressure than first column 17. We can consider operating both columns at the same pressure or operate the mixing column at the lowest pressure.
- the mixing column is supplied at the head with oxygen pumped from the tank of the first column 17 but can be supplied at the head by another flow less rich in oxygen than the flow pumped or in the tank by air from a source other than compressor 1.
- Nitrogen 25 from the head of the column heats up in the sub-cooler 21 before being split in half.
- a portion 31 is sent to the exchanger 13 where it heats up.
- the rest 29 is sent to compressor 21 with an inlet temperature of -182 ° C where it is compressed to 4.9 bar before being sent to the tank reboiler 19 of column 17. There it condenses and is returned to the top of the column to serve as reflux.
- the turbine 15 is coupled to the cold compressor 21.
- an exchanger 49 heats the pumped oxygen sent to the head of the column mixing 47.
- the intermediate liquid flow from the mixing column is sent to the column 17 and the impure oxygen 48 withdrawn at the head of this one is sent to the exchanger 13.
- FIG. 4 illustrates the case where a flow enriched in argon of the column 17 feeds a mixture column 57 having a cooled head condenser 51 by an intermediate liquid from the first column 17. A fluid enriched in argon is withdrawn at the head of the mixture column 57.
- Nitrogen 25 from the head of the column heats up in the sub-cooler 21 before being split in half.
- a portion 31 is sent to the exchanger 13 where it heats up.
- the rest 29 is sent to compressor 21 with an inlet temperature of -182 ° C where it is compressed to 4.9 bar before being sent to the tank reboiler 19 of the first column 17. There it condenses and is returned to the top of the column to serve reflux.
- the turbine 15 is coupled to the cold compressor 21.
- Oxygen 27 is withdrawn from the bottom of the column, pressurized by the pump 23 and sent to the exchanger 13 where it vaporizes.
- Figure 5 shows a Etienne 67 column supplied to the tank by a flow liquid drawn off a few trays below the air injection point 9 and at the same level that the blown air 7. This liquid is pressurized by the pump 63 before being sent to the Etienne column. The liquid formed at the top of the Etienne 67 column is sent in head of the first column 17.
- the Etienne column operating at 2.5 bar has an overhead condenser 61 cooled by part of the tank liquid 65 from the same column, the rest of the liquid being sent to column 17 below the point of injection of the blown air 7.
- the expanded liquid vaporizes in the condenser 61 before being sent some trays above the condenser 19 of column 17.
- Nitrogen 25 from the head of the column heats up in the sub-cooler 21 before being split in half.
- a portion 31 is sent to the exchanger 13 where it heats up.
- the rest 29 is sent to compressor 21 with an inlet temperature of -182 ° C where it is compressed to 4.9 bar before being sent to reboilers 19.69 columns 17.67 respectively.
- reboilers 19.69 columns 17.67 respectively.
- the turbine 15 is coupled to the compressor cold 21.
- Oxygen 27 is withdrawn from the bottom of the column, pressurized by the pump 23 and sent to the exchanger 13 where it vaporizes.
- an air flow 7 is expanded in a turbine 15 and sent to the middle of the first column 19 operating between 1.5 and 20 bar.
- a gas 25 of the first column is heated in the sub-cooler 35, compressed in the cold compressor 21 and sent as the sole supply to the tank of a second column 77, operating at higher pressure than the first column.
- the head of the second column 77 is connected with the tank of the first column 17 by means of a reboiler 19.
- a flow rate liquid nitrogen 78 is withdrawn at the head of the second column.
- the air flow 9 is overpressed and used to vaporize liquid oxygen.
- the compressed gas in the cold compressor 21 is enriched with nitrogen before to be sent to reboiler 19.
- Other means of enrichment, such as membrane can be provided.
- the liquid in the second column is expanded and sent to the first column at the gas withdrawal level 25 to be compressed in the cold compressor 21.
- a gas 31 richer in nitrogen than gas 25 is withdrawn from the device.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0002924A FR2806152B1 (fr) | 2000-03-07 | 2000-03-07 | Procede et installation de separation d'air par distillation cryogenique |
FR0002924 | 2000-03-07 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1132700A1 true EP1132700A1 (de) | 2001-09-12 |
EP1132700B1 EP1132700B1 (de) | 2005-10-26 |
Family
ID=8847820
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01400413A Expired - Lifetime EP1132700B1 (de) | 2000-03-07 | 2001-02-16 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur kryogenischen Luftzerlegung |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6484534B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1132700B1 (de) |
AR (1) | AR027970A1 (de) |
BR (1) | BR0102482A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2339392A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE60114269T2 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2252164T3 (de) |
FR (1) | FR2806152B1 (de) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101922848A (zh) * | 2009-06-16 | 2010-12-22 | 普莱克斯技术有限公司 | 用于产生加压产物的方法和设备 |
WO2012155318A1 (en) * | 2011-05-13 | 2012-11-22 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Process and apparatus for the production of oxygen at high pressure by cryogenic distillation |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2830928B1 (fr) * | 2001-10-17 | 2004-03-05 | Air Liquide | Procede de separation d'air par distillation cryogenique et une installation pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede |
US7296437B2 (en) * | 2002-10-08 | 2007-11-20 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme A Directoire Et Conseil De Surveillance Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Process for separating air by cryogenic distillation and installation for implementing this process |
EP1697741A4 (de) * | 2003-12-04 | 2008-02-13 | Xencor Inc | Verfahren zur erzeugung von proteinvarianten mit erhöhtem wirtsstranggehalt und zusammensetzungen davon |
EP1767884A1 (de) * | 2005-09-23 | 2007-03-28 | L'Air Liquide Société Anon. à Directoire et Conseil de Surveillance pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Tieftemperaturzerlegung von Luft |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE1199293B (de) * | 1963-03-29 | 1965-08-26 | Linde Eismasch Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Luftzerlegung in einem Einsaeulenrektifikator |
US3392536A (en) * | 1966-09-06 | 1968-07-16 | Air Reduction | Recompression of mingled high air separation using dephlegmator pressure and compressed low pressure effluent streams |
EP0589646A1 (de) * | 1992-09-23 | 1994-03-30 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Destillationsprozess für die Herstellung von kohlenmonoxidfreiem Stickstoff |
US5596885A (en) * | 1994-06-20 | 1997-01-28 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Process and installation for the production of gaseous oxygen under pressure |
EP0810412A2 (de) * | 1996-05-29 | 1997-12-03 | Teisan Kabushiki Kaisha | Einrichtung und Verfahren zur Erzeugung von hochreinem Stickstoff |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5379599A (en) * | 1993-08-23 | 1995-01-10 | The Boc Group, Inc. | Pumped liquid oxygen method and apparatus |
US5832748A (en) * | 1996-03-19 | 1998-11-10 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Single column cryogenic rectification system for lower purity oxygen production |
US6082135A (en) * | 1999-01-29 | 2000-07-04 | The Boc Group, Inc. | Air separation method and apparatus to produce an oxygen product |
-
2000
- 2000-03-07 FR FR0002924A patent/FR2806152B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-02-16 DE DE60114269T patent/DE60114269T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-02-16 ES ES01400413T patent/ES2252164T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-02-16 EP EP01400413A patent/EP1132700B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-03-05 CA CA002339392A patent/CA2339392A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-03-06 AR ARP010101047A patent/AR027970A1/es unknown
- 2001-03-07 US US09/799,735 patent/US6484534B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-03-07 BR BR0102482-5A patent/BR0102482A/pt active Search and Examination
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1199293B (de) * | 1963-03-29 | 1965-08-26 | Linde Eismasch Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Luftzerlegung in einem Einsaeulenrektifikator |
US3392536A (en) * | 1966-09-06 | 1968-07-16 | Air Reduction | Recompression of mingled high air separation using dephlegmator pressure and compressed low pressure effluent streams |
EP0589646A1 (de) * | 1992-09-23 | 1994-03-30 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Destillationsprozess für die Herstellung von kohlenmonoxidfreiem Stickstoff |
US5596885A (en) * | 1994-06-20 | 1997-01-28 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Process and installation for the production of gaseous oxygen under pressure |
EP0810412A2 (de) * | 1996-05-29 | 1997-12-03 | Teisan Kabushiki Kaisha | Einrichtung und Verfahren zur Erzeugung von hochreinem Stickstoff |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101922848A (zh) * | 2009-06-16 | 2010-12-22 | 普莱克斯技术有限公司 | 用于产生加压产物的方法和设备 |
CN101922848B (zh) * | 2009-06-16 | 2015-03-18 | 普莱克斯技术有限公司 | 用于产生加压产物的方法和设备 |
WO2012155318A1 (en) * | 2011-05-13 | 2012-11-22 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Process and apparatus for the production of oxygen at high pressure by cryogenic distillation |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6484534B2 (en) | 2002-11-26 |
AR027970A1 (es) | 2003-04-16 |
FR2806152A1 (fr) | 2001-09-14 |
DE60114269D1 (de) | 2005-12-01 |
FR2806152B1 (fr) | 2002-08-30 |
CA2339392A1 (en) | 2001-09-07 |
US20020134105A1 (en) | 2002-09-26 |
DE60114269T2 (de) | 2006-07-20 |
BR0102482A (pt) | 2001-10-16 |
ES2252164T3 (es) | 2006-05-16 |
EP1132700B1 (de) | 2005-10-26 |
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