EP1131858B1 - Reflecteur dielectrique stratifie pour antenne parabolique - Google Patents

Reflecteur dielectrique stratifie pour antenne parabolique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1131858B1
EP1131858B1 EP99956064A EP99956064A EP1131858B1 EP 1131858 B1 EP1131858 B1 EP 1131858B1 EP 99956064 A EP99956064 A EP 99956064A EP 99956064 A EP99956064 A EP 99956064A EP 1131858 B1 EP1131858 B1 EP 1131858B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
reflector according
layers
reflector
layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99956064A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1131858A1 (fr
Inventor
Alain Reineix
Marc Thevenot
Bernard Jecko
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/12—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave
    • H01Q19/13—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave the primary radiating source being a single radiating element, e.g. a dipole, a slot, a waveguide termination
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
    • H01Q15/0013—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective
    • H01Q15/0026—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective said selective devices having a stacked geometry or having multiple layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
    • H01Q15/148—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures with means for varying the reflecting properties
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
    • H01Q15/16—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures curved in two dimensions [2D], e.g. paraboloidal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/12—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/12—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave
    • H01Q19/13—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave the primary radiating source being a single radiating element, e.g. a dipole, a slot, a waveguide termination
    • H01Q19/132—Horn reflector antennas; Off-set feeding

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of antennas parabolic.
  • the parabolic reflectors commonly used nowadays are made up of structures either entirely metallic, or provided with a metallization which serves as a surface reflective.
  • the object of the present invention is to propose a new antenna parabolic which eliminates the disadvantages of the technique earlier.
  • This object is achieved according to the present invention, thanks to a reflector made up of n contiguous strips of dielectric material, defined by n + 1 surfaces of distinct parabolic equations shaped to define a common electromagnetic focus, the electromagnetic focus of the surface i being defined by the place where the electromagnetic waves which would be reflected meet on this surface by crossing the various blades found on the path between said surface and the hearth.
  • each blade is a homogeneous piece of dielectric (plastic, ceramic, air, etc.) with a higher dielectric constant ⁇ or equal to 1 and having low losses.
  • all the blades are delimited by the same contour.
  • a reflector consisting of n contiguous strips referenced 1, 2, 3 ... n-1, n, of dielectric material, each defined by two parabolic surfaces.
  • the stack of n blades defines n + 1 surfaces of parabolic equations S 1 , S 2 ... S i ... S n , S n + 1 .
  • Each plate has a respective dielectric constant ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 3 ... ⁇ n .
  • each blade 1 to n is a piece of homogeneous dielectric, for example plastic, ceramic, air, etc ... having a dielectric constant ⁇ greater than or equal to 1 and with low losses.
  • contour C can be the subject of numerous variants.
  • the blades of dielectric material making up the reflector according to this invention can have a rectangular or circular outline.
  • the dimensions of the blades, the materials they are made of and the relative positioning of each of these blades are preferably chosen on the basis of the following elements, so as to present, in a given frequency band, the properties of an excellent reflector.
  • each paraboloid is obtained by the following vector relation: M i I i + M i I i .
  • P i I i f i 2f i in which P i is the vertex of the paraboloid S i .
  • the surface Si is formed by the portion of paraboloid inside the cylinder surrounding the blades. They are delimited by the contour C.
  • the juxtaposition of the dielectric plates which make up the reflector is then defined by the set of focal point-focal length couples (I i , f i ).
  • Each of these two parameters depends on the operating frequency of the reflector and the permittivity ⁇ i of each dielectric strip.
  • the dimensions of the reflector will be fixed according to the desired directionality by applying the above formulas.
  • the standard radiation pattern can be checked on the based on the following.
  • the normalized radiation pattern for a rectangular opening is expressed by the relation: in which ⁇ measures the angle from the axis (Oz) of the cylinder and ⁇ the angle contained in the plane (O, x, y) of the opening originating from the axis (Ox) (see Figure 4) .
  • the diagram of normalized radiation corresponds to the spatial Fourier transform of the geometry of the opening.
  • the quality of the reflector is mainly defined by the number of blades composing it.
  • the number of plates depends on the contrast of the permittivities ⁇ i between the directly neighboring plates.
  • the operating frequency, associated with the knowledge of the permittivities ⁇ i makes it possible to determine the distance e i which separates the two faces S i and S i + 1 of each plate. This distance is taken on the axis I i , P i which passes through the focal point I i and the apex P i of the parabolic surface considered.
  • Determining the focus position and the focal length for each surface can be determined on the basis of the following elements.
  • such a reflector In order to offer satisfactory reflection properties, such a reflector requires the incidence of electromagnetic waves to be close normal incidence.
  • the first focal distance f 1 will be chosen, such that the angle ⁇ formed by the incident wavefront and the tangent to the surface S 1 remains less than 20 degrees. It is on the largest diameter of the paraboloid that ⁇ will be the most important.
  • the following surface parameters are determined successively. For this, it is desirable to use a tool digital electromagnetic simulation, (based for example on finite temporal differences) and to find the focal distance to assign to each surface.
  • the f i are the only parameters missing at this stage of the design since the positions of the foci I i are a function of e i and f i .
  • the determination of the focal lengths f i of each parabolic surface S i is preferably carried out as follows.
  • Each blade is characterized by its thickness e i given on the axis of revolution of the system, by the focal distance f i defining the concave parabolic surface S i of the blade and by the convex parabolic surface S i +1 of focal length f i 1.
  • This operation is done gradually, interface by interface in starting with the blade closest to the focus.
  • the choice of the first focal length f1 associated with the surface S1 imposes the focal length of the dielectric reflector. That is to say that the focus of the complete reflector is coincident with the focus of the first interface S1.
  • the conditions S2 are associated with total reflection conditions.
  • the method consists in calculating the wave impedance brought back to the level of the first interface S 1 .
  • the calculation must be performed in the space of complex numbers.
  • To start the resolution we bring the effect of the last blade n to the level of the interface n.
  • the result provides the impedance seen by the electromagnetic wave at the interface n.
  • the reasoning is repeated to determine the impedance seen at the interface n-1 and this until the impedance is known on the first interface S 1 .
  • the next step follows the same reasoning. This involves removing the interface between z 2 and z e3 and replacing the plate 2 with a medium of impedance z e2 (see Figure 7).
  • the reflection coefficient is known in module and in phase and the frequency band usable for the reflector can then be appreciated.
  • the modulus of the reflection coefficient obtained by calculation on the basis of this structure is illustrated in FIG. 10.
  • a parabolic reflector used in reception concentrates at the focal point the incident energy which comes from its pointing direction (direction of the axis (I i , P i )).
  • the hearth is on the way from the incident wave, as illustrated in FIG. 11. This means that the electromagnetic energy reception system shadows the incident beam.
  • the reception antenna located in the foyer therefore no longer disturbs the incident field.
  • An additional simplification may consist in using air as a dielectric, which ultimately means using only one solid material constituting the second alternating dielectric.
  • the permittivity contrast between ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 becomes less important and the number of layers required increases.
  • the reflector obtained operates around 40 GHz.
  • parabolic reflector made of dielectric material in accordance with this invention in solid lines and in the same figure is illustrated in lines interrupted the theoretical directivity curve of a parabolic reflector metal with the same focal length and having the same radius r 8 cm.
  • the inventors also produced another parabolic reflector using blades made of a single material alternated with air interfaces.
  • the inventors have in particular produced reflectors comprising 7 identical blades of ⁇ r alternated with air blades.
  • the dielectric blades can be obtained by molding of material plastic, which means low manufacturing cost.
  • the choice of very low loss material dielectric can improve the efficiency of frequencies where the metallic losses of conventional reflectors become important.
  • a focal distance f1 0.04m has been chosen arbitrarily.
  • the present invention is not limited to this focal distance or to the couples of permittivities ( ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 ) indicated.
  • the first group of dielectric plates reflects and concentrates the electromagnetic energy contained in the first useful frequency band and the second group of plates concentrates the energy contained in the second frequency band.
  • the diameter of the reflector is around 180cm. The choice of ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 and focal lengths can be adapted to the desired working frequency bands and to the materials available.
  • Such a reflector can meet the following characteristics: Blade no. ⁇ 1 e i area f i 1 3 7.6E-3 S 1 1.2m S 2 1.21m 2 1 13.2E-3 air 3 3 7.6E-3 S 3 1.2m S 4 1.21m 4 1 13.2E-3 air 5 3 7.6E-3 S 5 1.2m S 6 1.21m 6 1 13.2E-3 air 7 3 7.6E-3 S 7 1.2m S 8 1.21m 8 1 13.2E-3 air 9 3 7.6E-3 S 9 1.2m S 10 1.21m 10 1 13.2E-3 air 11 3 7.6E-3 S 11 1.2m S 12 1.21m 12 1 10.E-3 air 13 3 11.4E-3 S 13 1.38m S 14 1.38m 14 1 19.7E-3 air 15 3 11.4E-3 S 15 1.38m S 16 1.38m 16 1 19.7E-3 air 17 3 11.4E-3 S 17 1.38m S 18 1.38m 18 1 19.7E-3 air 19 3 11.4E-3 S 19 1.38m S 20 1.38m 20 1 19.7E-3
  • any of the materials used may have electrical characteristics (permittivity, permeability) variables and function of an external source.
  • the operating frequency band in reflection of the reflector will then depending on the level of the source applied.
  • the operating band in reflection and the transmission bands are then controllable.
  • the respective geometric focal points distinct from the various surfaces dishes are not confused with the hearth electromagnetic, i.e. the focal point at which a beam arriving on the reflector with an incidence parallel to the axis of the reflector.
  • the electromagnetic focus of the reflector is confused with the geometric focus of the first concave parabolic surface.
  • the gap between the focus electromagnetic and geometric foci of parabolic surfaces following results from the fact that the waves reflected on these interfaces following do not reach the respective geometric focus of each of these interfaces but the common electromagnetic focus of the fact that these waves undergo the cumulative effect of the previous blades crossed on the way and back.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
EP99956064A 1998-11-17 1999-11-17 Reflecteur dielectrique stratifie pour antenne parabolique Expired - Lifetime EP1131858B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9814394A FR2786031A1 (fr) 1998-11-17 1998-11-17 Reflecteur dielectrique stratifie pour antenne parabolique
FR9814394 1998-11-17
PCT/FR1999/002816 WO2000030215A1 (fr) 1998-11-17 1999-11-17 Reflecteur dielectrique stratifie pour antenne parabolique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1131858A1 EP1131858A1 (fr) 2001-09-12
EP1131858B1 true EP1131858B1 (fr) 2003-05-14

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EP99956064A Expired - Lifetime EP1131858B1 (fr) 1998-11-17 1999-11-17 Reflecteur dielectrique stratifie pour antenne parabolique

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US6456254B1 (https=)
EP (1) EP1131858B1 (https=)
JP (1) JP2002530911A (https=)
AU (1) AU1275800A (https=)
DE (1) DE69907948T2 (https=)
ES (1) ES2198157T3 (https=)
FR (1) FR2786031A1 (https=)
WO (1) WO2000030215A1 (https=)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6992639B1 (en) * 2003-01-16 2006-01-31 Lockheed Martin Corporation Hybrid-mode horn antenna with selective gain
US6731249B1 (en) * 2003-04-01 2004-05-04 Wistron Neweb Corporation Multi-beam-reflector dish antenna and method for production thereof
US6873305B2 (en) * 2003-05-15 2005-03-29 Harris Corporation Taper adjustment on reflector and sub-reflector using fluidic dielectrics
US6930653B2 (en) * 2003-05-15 2005-08-16 Harris Corporation Reflector and sub-reflector adjustment using fluidic dielectrics
US6927745B2 (en) * 2003-08-25 2005-08-09 Harris Corporation Frequency selective surfaces and phased array antennas using fluidic dielectrics
US7379030B1 (en) 2004-11-12 2008-05-27 Lockheed Martin Corporation Artificial dielectric antenna elements
US9312606B2 (en) * 2011-08-26 2016-04-12 Nec Corporation Antenna device including reflector and primary radiator
JP2019186741A (ja) * 2018-04-10 2019-10-24 富士通コンポーネント株式会社 アンテナ及びアンテナモジュール

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS609361B2 (ja) * 1978-11-29 1985-03-09 日本電信電話株式会社 帯域阻止濾波器を用いた開放形分波器
US4635071A (en) * 1983-08-10 1987-01-06 Rca Corporation Electromagnetic radiation reflector structure
DE3601553C2 (de) * 1986-01-21 1995-08-24 Daimler Benz Aerospace Ag Anordnung zur Aufteilung von Höchstfrequenzenergie
US5528254A (en) * 1994-05-31 1996-06-18 Motorola, Inc. Antenna and method for forming same

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Publication number Publication date
WO2000030215A1 (fr) 2000-05-25
DE69907948D1 (de) 2003-06-18
AU1275800A (en) 2000-06-05
FR2786031A1 (fr) 2000-05-19
ES2198157T3 (es) 2004-01-16
US6456254B1 (en) 2002-09-24
JP2002530911A (ja) 2002-09-17
DE69907948T2 (de) 2004-05-19
EP1131858A1 (fr) 2001-09-12

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