EP1114672A2 - Fermenter - Google Patents

Fermenter Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1114672A2
EP1114672A2 EP00128387A EP00128387A EP1114672A2 EP 1114672 A2 EP1114672 A2 EP 1114672A2 EP 00128387 A EP00128387 A EP 00128387A EP 00128387 A EP00128387 A EP 00128387A EP 1114672 A2 EP1114672 A2 EP 1114672A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
helix
fermentation tank
agitator
digestate
mash
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EP00128387A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1114672A3 (en
Inventor
Jörg Hartmann
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Individual
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Individual
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12GWINE; PREPARATION THEREOF; ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; PREPARATION OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES C12C OR C12H
    • C12G1/00Preparation of wine or sparkling wine
    • C12G1/02Preparation of must from grapes; Must treatment and fermentation
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F27/00Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
    • B01F27/05Stirrers
    • B01F27/11Stirrers characterised by the configuration of the stirrers
    • B01F27/114Helically shaped stirrers, i.e. stirrers comprising a helically shaped band or helically shaped band sections
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F27/00Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
    • B01F27/05Stirrers
    • B01F27/11Stirrers characterised by the configuration of the stirrers
    • B01F27/114Helically shaped stirrers, i.e. stirrers comprising a helically shaped band or helically shaped band sections
    • B01F27/1145Helically shaped stirrers, i.e. stirrers comprising a helically shaped band or helically shaped band sections ribbon shaped with an open space between the helical ribbon flight and the rotating axis
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F27/00Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
    • B01F27/80Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis
    • B01F27/92Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis with helices or screws
    • B01F27/921Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis with helices or screws with helices centrally mounted in the receptacle
    • B01F27/9214Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis with helices or screws with helices centrally mounted in the receptacle with additional mixing elements other than helices; having inner and outer helices; with helices surrounding a guiding tube

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fermentation tank and Process for its operation according to the generic term of the independent Expectations.
  • the agitator therefore has a helix with a substantially vertical helix axis.
  • a motor is also provided around the helix to turn the helix axis. Due to the essentially vertical Arrangement of the helix axis presses the helix when Turn the digestate down. In contrast to a fermentation tank With a plunger, such a device only needs little space.
  • At least two radially spaced concentric spiral provided. This can a large part of the mash cake even with a small spiral area be recorded. A reduction in the helix area is sensible, because it causes friction and mechanical Load on the digestate is reduced.
  • the agitator can be central and at least have an outer spiral, the reverse Possess a sense of rotation. When you turn the agitator presses outer spiral down the mash cake while the inner spiral pushes the digestate upwards so that it closes a circulation movement comes that is the mixing improved.
  • the agitator is preferably in intervals operated. Thanks to the inertia of the digestate, it becomes a high relative speed between digestate and spiral guaranteed. In addition, an undesirable mechanical Shredding of the solids content reduced.
  • the helix should accelerate faster than decelerate so that it is prevented that after a The spiral stops the sluggish, still moving fermentation material is pushed up.
  • the length and / or frequency of the operating intervals can automatically depend on the sugar content of the Digestate can be selected. This makes it a fully automatic Fermentation possible.
  • the invention is particularly suitable for Processing of grapes and fruits.
  • the fermentation tank according to FIGS. 1 and 2 has one Housing 1, which e.g. stainless steel or one other suitable material. Outside of the housing 1 a cooling and heating jacket 2 is arranged around the digestate to cool or warm.
  • Housing 1 e.g. stainless steel or one other suitable material.
  • the digestate consists of a liquid phase 3 and a solid part 4.
  • the latter collects, as mentioned at the beginning, as a mash cake on the surface if the digestate does not mix regularly becomes.
  • agitator to mix the digestate 5 provided.
  • This has an electric motor 6 with electronic control, which has a vertical axis 7 drives.
  • On the axis 7 are in the present embodiment over a suitable number of struts 8 in total three radially spaced helices 9, 10 and 11 attached.
  • Each helix consists of a helix Metal strips.
  • a typical pitch is about 0.5 m, the diameter of the outermost helix e.g. 1.4 m with a tank diameter of 1.6 m.
  • the two outer coils 9, 10 run parallel to each other and have the same sense of rotation.
  • the central helix 11 has compared to the outer Reverse direction of rotation.
  • the motor 6 rotates in forward operation so that the outer helix 9, 10 den Press mash cake 4 down while the inner one Helix pushes the digestate upwards, as indicated by arrows 12 and 13 is shown. This also creates a vertical Circulation generated in the digestate.
  • the use of two separate outer Helix 9, 10 has the advantage that the friction losses be reduced and that the (unwanted) mechanical Strain on the mash is less. So that's a sufficient one Part of the mash cake is recorded without Friction and comminution should become too great Cross section of the fermentation tank, the coils 9, 10 a total Area between 10% and 50%, preferably between 25% and Cover 35% of the cross-sectional area of the fermentation tank.
  • the speed of the digestate must be lower than that of the agitator.
  • the agitator operated intermittently. At the beginning of a Operating interval it is quickly accelerated, so that the digestate practically rests because of its inertia, while the agitator has already made one or two rotations and thus corresponding to the mash cake by 0.5 to 1.0 meter down. After e.g. 10 seconds the agitator is braked again, but the braking much slower than the acceleration takes place around to prevent the digestate due to its inertia reaches a higher speed than the helix.
  • Fig. 3 shows a second embodiment of the inventive Fermentation tanks. This corresponds in his Structure essentially that according to FIGS. 1 and 2. It has but additionally a helical stator 14, which is fixed to the housing 1. 3 is only to see half of the stator 14 since he and the case 1 are shown in section.
  • the stator 14 has compared to the outer Spirals 9, 10 reverse rotation and reinforced their effect: if the digestate 3, 4 is in an operating interval the agitator 5 begins to rotate, so it is pressed downward in the edge region by the stator 14.
  • the stator 14 also improves heat transfer between the digestate and the outside cooling or. Heating jacket 2.
  • the Fermentation tank cylindrical and the agitator 5 is concentric arranged in the middle of the housing 1.
  • the agitator 5 is concentric arranged in the middle of the housing 1.
  • there are other geometries are also conceivable.
  • FIG. 4 and 5 show a fermentation tank with elongated cross section. So that the entire digestate is mixed can be, are two synchronous agitators 5a, 5b provided, the axes of which are oblique to the vertical. This has the advantage of a circular motion in the tank is generated as indicated by the arrows 15 in Fig. 5 is. So all parts of the mash cake sooner or later caught by the agitators and after be pressed down.
  • the present invention allows the fermentation process to control fully automatically, as a reproducible and reliable mixing of the digestate possible is.
  • the operating parameters are T1 and T2 for the agitator, where T1 is the length the operating intervals and T2 the distance between successive ones Operating intervals.
  • the digestate is in a first phase of e.g. Warm or warm for 11 hours held (dwell time) during which no fermentation starts. During this time, the agitator becomes frequent and relative operated for a long time to mix the digestate well.
  • the digestate can also be processed externally in a continuous process warmed to the desired start temperature and only then be filled into the tank.
  • fermentation is initiated by adding yeast.
  • the CO 2 formation gives the light parts, such as the berry skin, buoyancy, so that the stirrers are operated in a forward direction at regular intervals of 40 seconds to 2 minutes, for example, to cause the rising parts to move downwards.
  • the interval between the operating intervals can be increased because the CO 2 formation decreases. During this time, the temperature can be increased again as required. As soon as the sugar content is around 0, the fermentation is finished and the tank can be emptied into the presses. Because the fermentation takes place evenly in all parts of the tank, the conversion of sugar into alcohol is finished everywhere at the same time.
  • the length is T1 the operating intervals and their distance T2 in the first place on the sugar content of the digestate or on its time Derivative dependent.
  • the control of the parameters T1 and T2 are done automatically by the sugar content measured by a sensor at regular intervals becomes.
  • the sugar content is preferably measured automatically, but it can also be done manually become.
  • the direction of rotation can also be changed of the agitator are reversed. In particular, this can then make sense if towards the end of the process the solids begin to lower.
  • Fig. 6 can be from digestate to fermentation material vary and are also the geometry of the fermentation tank adapt.
  • agitators 1-5 are e.g. Three coils are provided for each agitator. It is also conceivable agitators with more or less than three coils to use. Especially with smaller agitators e.g. the central coil 11 is eliminated. Preferably but at least one helix spaced from axis 7 arranged, as it is on a larger part of the mash cake can work.
  • tanks were made with round and elongated cross-section described. It can however, tanks with other cross sections are also used with a corresponding number of agitators is to be used.
  • the agitators are to be arranged that the ascending pomace or mash cake is moist remains and the formation of mold is avoided.
  • the axes are 7 of the agitators stored in the lid of the tanks. It can additionally or alternatively also a storage be provided in the bottom area of the tanks.
  • the present invention allows the Automatically check and optimize the fermentation process, which improves the quality of the final product and the Reduced effort.
  • the fermentation tanks require little agitators Place.
  • the tanks can also be used for purposes other than used for mash fermentation, e.g. as stirring tanks or for heating the mash.

Abstract

Stirred fermentation tank comprises a stirrer (5) which has spirals (9, 10, 11) with a vertical axis (7) and a motor (6) to drive it. An Independent claim is included for the method of operation, in which the stirrer is operated at intervals. Preferred Features: The spirals are concentric, spaced away from each other and the axis. A central and an outer spiral are included, with opposite senses of rotation. The outer spiral drives the floating mash material or cake down, whereas the inner spiral draws fermenting materials upward. In a further variant there is a fixed spiral stator about the stirrer (14), with opposite sense of rotation to the outermost spiral. There is external heating or cooling (2). The tank is vertical, cylindrical, and the stirrer is concentric with it. In a further variant more than one stirrer and drive are included, with axes inclined to the vertical. The motor has a controller for operation at intervals. The motor can be accelerated more rapidly than it is braked, sinking the mash more rapidly when starting up, than it is raised when braking, as a result of inertia of the fermenting mash materials. The spiral areas are preferably 25%-30% of the cross sectional area of the fermentation tank.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Gärtank und ein Verfahren zu dessen Betrieb gemäss Oberbegriff der unabhängigen Ansprüche.The invention relates to a fermentation tank and Process for its operation according to the generic term of the independent Expectations.

Bei der traditionellen Maischengärung tritt das Problem auf, dass in gewissen Herstellungsphasen an der Oberfläche des Gärguts ein Trester- bzw. Maischenkuchen schwimmt, der im wesentlichen aus Festteilen besteht, die aufgrund ihres geringen spezifischen Gewichts oder durch Gärungsgase nach oben gedrängt werden. Die Bildung eines solchen Maischenkuchens ist unerwünscht, da er einen guten Kontakt zwischen Feststoffanteilen und flüssiger Phase des Gärguts behindert, zur Schimmelbildung neigt oder austrocknen kann.In traditional mash fermentation occurs the problem on that in certain manufacturing phases a pomace cake or mash cake on the surface of the digestate floats, which essentially consists of solid parts, due to their low specific weight or pushed upwards by fermentation gases. The Forming such a mash cake is undesirable because he has good contact between solids and liquid phase of the digestate hindered, for the formation of mold tends or can dry out.

Um die Bildung des Maischenkuchens zu verhindern, können zum Umrühren Stössel verwendet werden, die von oben durch den Maischekuchen gedrückt werden. Hierzu wird jedoch viel Platz oberhalb des Gärtanks benötigt. Ausserdem können die Stössel, insbesondere bei automatischem Betrieb, eine vollständige Auflösung des Maischenkuchens nicht immer gewährleisten.To prevent the mash cake from forming, can be used to stir pestles that be pressed through the mash cake from above. For this however, a lot of space is required above the fermentation tank. In addition, the tappets, especially with automatic Operation, a complete dissolution of the mash cake not always guarantee.

Es stellt sich deshalb die Aufgabe, einen Gärtank bzw. ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art bereitzustellen, die diese Nachteile möglichst vermeiden.It is therefore the task of one To provide a fermentation tank or a process of the type mentioned at the outset, who avoid these disadvantages as much as possible.

Diese Aufgabe wird vom Gärtank und dem Betriebsverfahren gemäss den unabhängigen Ansprüchen gelöst.This task is carried out by the fermentation tank and the operating process solved according to the independent claims.

Erfindungsgemäss besitzt das Rührwerk also eine Wendel mit einer im wesentlichen vertikalen Wendelachse. Ferner ist ein Motor vorgesehen, um die Wendel um die Wendelachse zu drehen. Durch die im wesentlichen vertikale Anordnung der Wendelachse drückt die Wendel beim Drehen das Gärgut nach unten. Im Gegensatz zu einem Gärtank mit Stösseln benötigt eine derartige Vorrichtung nur wenig Platz. According to the invention, the agitator therefore has a helix with a substantially vertical helix axis. A motor is also provided around the helix to turn the helix axis. Due to the essentially vertical Arrangement of the helix axis presses the helix when Turn the digestate down. In contrast to a fermentation tank With a plunger, such a device only needs little space.

Vorzugsweise sind mindestens zwei radial beabstandete, konzentrische Wendel vorgesehen. Dadurch kann auch bei kleiner Wendelfläche ein grosser Teil des Maischenkuchens erfasst werden. Eine Reduktion der Wendelfläche ist sinnvoll, da dadurch die Reibung und die mechanische Belastung des Gärguts verringert wird.Preferably at least two radially spaced concentric spiral provided. This can a large part of the mash cake even with a small spiral area be recorded. A reduction in the helix area is sensible, because it causes friction and mechanical Load on the digestate is reduced.

Das Rührwerk kann eine zentrale und mindestens eine äussere Wendel aufweisen, die umgekehrten Drehsinn besitzen. Beim Drehen des Rührwerks drückt die äussere Wendel den Maischenkuchen nach unten, während die innere Wendel das Gärgut nach oben drängt, so dass es zu einer Zirkulationsbewegung kommt, die die Durchmischung verbessert.The agitator can be central and at least have an outer spiral, the reverse Possess a sense of rotation. When you turn the agitator presses outer spiral down the mash cake while the inner spiral pushes the digestate upwards so that it closes a circulation movement comes that is the mixing improved.

Sind mehrere Rührwerke vorgesehen, so sind deren Achsen vorzugsweise gekippt, so dass es im Gärgut zu einer Umlaufbewegung kommt. Dadurch wird auch der Maischenkuchen aus den Bereichen, die von den Wendeln nicht direkt erfasst werden, in deren Wirkbereich geschwemmt.If several agitators are provided, then whose axes are preferably tilted so that it is in the digestate orbital movement occurs. This will also make the mash cake from the areas that are not from the coils are captured directly, washed in their effective range.

Das Rührwerk wird vorzugsweise in Intervallen betrieben. Dadurch wird dank der Trägheit des Gärguts eine grosse Relativgeschwindigkeit zwischen Gärgut und Wendel gewährleistet. Ausserdem wird eine unerwünschte mechanische Zerkleinerung der Feststoffanteile reduziert. Dabei sollte die Wendel schneller beschleunigt als abgebremst werden, so dass verhindert wird, dass nach einem Stoppen der Wendel das träge, sich noch bewegenden Gärgut nach oben gedrängt wird.The agitator is preferably in intervals operated. Thanks to the inertia of the digestate, it becomes a high relative speed between digestate and spiral guaranteed. In addition, an undesirable mechanical Shredding of the solids content reduced. The helix should accelerate faster than decelerate so that it is prevented that after a The spiral stops the sluggish, still moving fermentation material is pushed up.

Die Länge und/oder Häufigkeit der Betriebsintervalle kann automatisch abhängig vom Zuckergehalt des Gärguts gewählt werden. Dadurch wird eine vollautomatische Gärung möglich.The length and / or frequency of the operating intervals can automatically depend on the sugar content of the Digestate can be selected. This makes it a fully automatic Fermentation possible.

Die Erfindung eignet sich besonders für die Verarbeitung von Weintrauben und Früchten.The invention is particularly suitable for Processing of grapes and fruits.

Weitere bevorzugte Ausführungen ergeben sich aus den abhängigen Ansprüchen sowie aus der nun folgenden Beschreibung anhand der Figuren. Dabei zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 eine erste Ausführung eines erfindungsgemässen Gärtanks, wobei der Tankbehälter im Schnitt und das Rührwerk in Seitenansicht dargestellt ist,
  • Fig. 2 einen Schnitt entlang Linie II-II von Fig. 1,
  • Fig. 3 eine zweite Ausführung eines erfindungsgemässen Gärtanks,
  • Fig. 4 eine dritte Ausführung eines erfindungsgemässen Gärtanks,
  • Fig. 5 einen Schnitt entlang Linie V-V von Fig. 4 und
  • Fig. 6 den Öchslegehalt, die Temperatur und die Betriebsparameter bei einer Gärung von Rotwein.
  • Further preferred embodiments result from the dependent claims and from the following description with reference to the figures. Show:
  • 1 shows a first embodiment of a fermentation tank according to the invention, the tank container being shown in section and the agitator in a side view,
  • 2 shows a section along line II-II of FIG. 1,
  • 3 shows a second embodiment of a fermentation tank according to the invention,
  • 4 shows a third embodiment of a fermentation tank according to the invention,
  • Fig. 5 is a section along line VV of Fig. 4 and
  • Fig. 6 shows the Ochsle content, the temperature and the operating parameters in the fermentation of red wine.
  • Der Gärtank gemäss Fig. 1 und 2 besitzt ein Gehäuse 1, welches z.B. aus rostfreiem Stahl oder einem anderen geeigneten Material besteht. Aussen am Gehäuse 1 ist ein Kühl- und Heizmantel 2 angeordnet, um das Gärgut zu kühlen oder zu wärmen.The fermentation tank according to FIGS. 1 and 2 has one Housing 1, which e.g. stainless steel or one other suitable material. Outside of the housing 1 a cooling and heating jacket 2 is arranged around the digestate to cool or warm.

    Das Gärgut besteht aus einer flüssigen Phase 3 und einem Festkörperanteil 4. Letzterer sammelt sich, wie eingangs erwähnt, als Maischenkuchen an der Oberfläche an, wenn das Gärgut nicht regelmässig durchmischt wird.The digestate consists of a liquid phase 3 and a solid part 4. The latter collects, as mentioned at the beginning, as a mash cake on the surface if the digestate does not mix regularly becomes.

    Zum Durchmischen des Gärguts ist ein Rührwerk 5 vorgesehen. Dieses besitzt einen elektrischen Motor 6 mit elektronischer Steuerung, der eine vertikale Achse 7 antreibt. An der Achse 7 sind in der vorliegenden Ausführung über eine geeignete Zahl von Streben 8 insgesamt drei, radial voneinander beabstandete Wendel 9, 10 und 11 befestigt. Jede Wendel besteht aus einem helixförmig angeordneten Blechstreifen. Eine typische Ganghöhe beträgt etwa 0.5 m, der Durchmesser der äussersten Wendel z.B. 1.4 m bei einem Tankdurchmesser von 1.6 m.There is an agitator to mix the digestate 5 provided. This has an electric motor 6 with electronic control, which has a vertical axis 7 drives. On the axis 7 are in the present embodiment over a suitable number of struts 8 in total three radially spaced helices 9, 10 and 11 attached. Each helix consists of a helix Metal strips. A typical pitch is about 0.5 m, the diameter of the outermost helix e.g. 1.4 m with a tank diameter of 1.6 m.

    Die beiden äusseren Wendel 9, 10 verlaufen parallel zueinander und besitzen den gleichen Drehsinn. Die zentrale Wendel 11 besitzt im Vergleich zu den äusseren Wendeln umgekehrten Drehsinn. Der Motor 6 dreht sich im Vorwärtsbetrieb so, dass die äusseren Wendel 9, 10 den Maischenkuchen 4 nach unten drücken, während die innere Wendel das Gärgut nach oben drängt, wie dies durch Pfeile 12 bzw. 13 dargestellt ist. Dadurch wird auch eine vertikale Zirkulation im Gärgut erzeugt.The two outer coils 9, 10 run parallel to each other and have the same sense of rotation. The central helix 11 has compared to the outer Reverse direction of rotation. The motor 6 rotates in forward operation so that the outer helix 9, 10 den Press mash cake 4 down while the inner one Helix pushes the digestate upwards, as indicated by arrows 12 and 13 is shown. This also creates a vertical Circulation generated in the digestate.

    Die Verwendung zweier getrennter äusserer Wendel 9, 10 hat den Vorteil, dass die Reibungsverluste reduziert werden und dass die (unerwünschte) mechanische Beanspruchung der Maische geringer ist. Damit ein ausreichender Teil des Maischenkuchens erfasst wird, ohne dass Reibung und Zerkleinerung zu gross werden, sollten im Querschnitt des Gärtanks die Wendeln 9, 10 insgesamt eine Fläche zwischen 10% und 50%, möglichst zwischen 25% und 35%, der Querschnittfläche des Gärtanks bedecken.The use of two separate outer Helix 9, 10 has the advantage that the friction losses be reduced and that the (unwanted) mechanical Strain on the mash is less. So that's a sufficient one Part of the mash cake is recorded without Friction and comminution should become too great Cross section of the fermentation tank, the coils 9, 10 a total Area between 10% and 50%, preferably between 25% and Cover 35% of the cross-sectional area of the fermentation tank.

    Um den Maischenkuchen nach unten zu drücken, muss die Umlaufgeschwindigkeit des Gärguts kleiner sein als jene des Rührwerks. Um dies zu gewährleisten, wird das Rührwerk intervallweise betrieben. Zu Beginn eines Betriebsintervalls wird es schnell beschleunigt, so dass das Gärgut wegen seiner Trägheit praktisch ruht, während das Rührwerk bereits eine oder zwei Drehungen durchgeführt und somit den Maischekuchen entsprechend um 0.5 bis 1.0 Meter nach unten gedrückt hat. Nach z.B. 10 Sekunden wird das Rührwerk wieder abgebremst, wobei jedoch die Abbremsung viel langsamer als die Beschleunigung erfolgt um zu verhindern, dass das Gärgut aufgrund seiner Trägheit eine höhere Geschwindigkeit erreicht als die Wendel.To push the mash cake down, the speed of the digestate must be lower than that of the agitator. To ensure this, the agitator operated intermittently. At the beginning of a Operating interval it is quickly accelerated, so that the digestate practically rests because of its inertia, while the agitator has already made one or two rotations and thus corresponding to the mash cake by 0.5 to 1.0 meter down. After e.g. 10 seconds the agitator is braked again, but the braking much slower than the acceleration takes place around to prevent the digestate due to its inertia reaches a higher speed than the helix.

    Fig. 3 zeigt eine zweite Ausführung des erfindungsgemässen Gärtanks. Dieser entspricht in seinem Aufbau im wesentlichen jenem gemäss Fig. 1 und 2. Er besitzt jedoch zusätzlich einen wendelförmigen Stator 14, der fest am Gehäuse 1 angeordnet ist. In Fig. 3 ist nur die Hälfte des Stators 14 zu sehen, da er und das Gehäuse 1 im Schnitt dargestellt sind.Fig. 3 shows a second embodiment of the inventive Fermentation tanks. This corresponds in his Structure essentially that according to FIGS. 1 and 2. It has but additionally a helical stator 14, which is fixed to the housing 1. 3 is only to see half of the stator 14 since he and the case 1 are shown in section.

    Der Stator 14 besitzt im Vergleich zu den äusseren Wendeln 9, 10 umgekehrten Drehsinn und verstärkt deren Wirkung: Wenn sich das Gärgut 3, 4 in einem Betriebsintervall des Rührwerks 5 mitzudrehen beginnt, so wird es im Randbereich durch den Stator 14 nach unten gedrückt.The stator 14 has compared to the outer Spirals 9, 10 reverse rotation and reinforced their effect: if the digestate 3, 4 is in an operating interval the agitator 5 begins to rotate, so it is pressed downward in the edge region by the stator 14.

    Der Stator 14 verbessert auch die Wärmeübertragung zwischen dem Gärgut und dem aussenliegenden Kühl-bzw. Heizmantel 2.The stator 14 also improves heat transfer between the digestate and the outside cooling or. Heating jacket 2.

    In den Ausführungen nach Fig. 1 - 3 ist der Gärtank zylindrisch und das Rührwerk 5 ist konzentrisch in der Mitte des Gehäuses 1 angeordnet. Es sind jedoch auch andere Geometrien denkbar.1-3 is the Fermentation tank cylindrical and the agitator 5 is concentric arranged in the middle of the housing 1. However, there are other geometries are also conceivable.

    So zeigen Fig. 4 und 5 einen Gärtank mit länglichem Querschnitt. Damit das gesamte Gärgut gemischt werden kann, sind zwei gleichlaufende Rührwerke 5a, 5b vorgesehen, deren Achsen schräg zur Vertikalen stehen. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass eine Umlaufbewegung im Tank erzeugt wird, wie sie mit den Pfeilen 15 in Fig. 5 angedeutet ist. Somit können alle Teile des Maischenkuchens früher oder später von den Rührwerken erfasst und nach unten gedrückt werden.4 and 5 show a fermentation tank with elongated cross section. So that the entire digestate is mixed can be, are two synchronous agitators 5a, 5b provided, the axes of which are oblique to the vertical. This has the advantage of a circular motion in the tank is generated as indicated by the arrows 15 in Fig. 5 is. So all parts of the mash cake sooner or later caught by the agitators and after be pressed down.

    Die vorliegende Erfindung erlaubt es, den Gärungsprozess vollautomatisch zu steuern, da eine reproduzierbare und zuverlässige Mischung des Gärguts möglich ist.The present invention allows the fermentation process to control fully automatically, as a reproducible and reliable mixing of the digestate possible is.

    Fig. 6 zeigt das Beispiel einer Maischengärung von Rotwein mit dem Öchslegrad, der Soll- und der Ist-Temperatur. Zusätzlich sind die Betriebsparameter T1 und T2 für das Rührwerk dargestellt, wobei T1 die Länge der Betriebsintervalle und T2 der Abstand zwischen aufeinanderfolgenden Betriebsintervallen ist.6 shows the example of a mash fermentation of red wine with the Öchslegrad, the target and the Actual temperature. In addition, the operating parameters are T1 and T2 for the agitator, where T1 is the length the operating intervals and T2 the distance between successive ones Operating intervals.

    Im dargestellten Prozess wird das Gärgut in einer ersten Phase von z.B. 11 Stunden erwärmt bzw. warm gehalten (Verweilzeit), während welcher noch keine Gärung einsetzt. In dieser Zeit wird das Rührwerk oft und relativ lange betrieben, um das Gärgut gut zu durchmischen. Das Gärgut kann auch extern in einem Durchlaufverfahren auf die gewünschte Starttemperatur erwärmt und erst dann in den Tank eingefüllt werden. In the process shown, the digestate is in a first phase of e.g. Warm or warm for 11 hours held (dwell time) during which no fermentation starts. During this time, the agitator becomes frequent and relative operated for a long time to mix the digestate well. The digestate can also be processed externally in a continuous process warmed to the desired start temperature and only then be filled into the tank.

    Dann wird durch Zugabe von Hefe die Gärung eingeleitet. Durch die CO2-Bildung erhalten die leichten Teile, wie z.B. die Beerenhaut, nun Auftrieb, so dass in regelmässigen Abständen von 40 Sekunden bis 2 Minuten die Rührwerke während z.B. 15 Sekunden in Vorwärtsrichtung betrieben werden, um eine Abwärtsbewegung der aufsteigenden Teile zu bewirken.Then fermentation is initiated by adding yeast. The CO 2 formation gives the light parts, such as the berry skin, buoyancy, so that the stirrers are operated in a forward direction at regular intervals of 40 seconds to 2 minutes, for example, to cause the rising parts to move downwards.

    Nach Abklingen der Gärung kann der Abstand zwischen den Betriebsintervallen erhöht werden, da die CO2-Bildung nachlässt. Die Temperatur kann in dieser Zeit, je nach Wunsch, nochmals angehoben werden. Sobald der Zuckergehalt etwa 0 ist, ist die Gärung beendet und der Tank kann in die Pressen entleert werden. Weil die Gärung in allen Teilen im Tank gleichmässig stattfindet, ist die Umwandlung von Zucker in Alkohol überall gleichzeitig fertig.After the fermentation has subsided, the interval between the operating intervals can be increased because the CO 2 formation decreases. During this time, the temperature can be increased again as required. As soon as the sugar content is around 0, the fermentation is finished and the tank can be emptied into the presses. Because the fermentation takes place evenly in all parts of the tank, the conversion of sugar into alcohol is finished everywhere at the same time.

    Wie aus Fig. 6 ersichtlich, ist die Länge T1 der Betriebsintervalle und deren Abstand T2 in erster Linie vom Zuckergehalt des Gärguts bzw. von dessen zeitlicher Ableitung abhängig. Somit kann die Steuerung der Parameter T1 und T2 automatisch erfolgen, indem der Zuckergehalt in regelmässigen Abständen von einem Sensor gemessen wird. Die Messung des Zuckergehalts erfolgt vorzugsweise automatisch, sie kann aber auch manuell durchgeführt werden.6, the length is T1 the operating intervals and their distance T2 in the first place on the sugar content of the digestate or on its time Derivative dependent. Thus the control of the parameters T1 and T2 are done automatically by the sugar content measured by a sensor at regular intervals becomes. The sugar content is preferably measured automatically, but it can also be done manually become.

    Je nach Anforderung kann auch die Drehrichtung des Rührwerks umgekehrt werden. Dies kann insbesondere dann sinnvoll sein, wenn sich gegen Ende des Prozesses die Feststoffe abzusenken beginnen.Depending on requirements, the direction of rotation can also be changed of the agitator are reversed. In particular, this can then make sense if towards the end of the process the solids begin to lower.

    Die Zahlenwerte in Fig. 6 können von Gärgut zu Gärgut variieren und sind auch der Geometrie des Gärbehälters anzupassen.The numerical values in Fig. 6 can be from digestate to fermentation material vary and are also the geometry of the fermentation tank adapt.

    Die obigen Ausführungsbeispiele können in verschiedenster Weise geändert werden, um den jeweiligen Anforderungen Rechnung zu tragen.The above embodiments can be found in be changed in various ways to suit each Requirements.

    In der Gärtanks gemäss Fig. 1 - 5 sind z.B. jeweils pro Rührwerk drei Wendel vorgesehen. Es ist auch denkbar, Rührwerke mit mehr oder weniger als drei Wendeln zu verwenden. Insbesondere bei kleineren Rührwerken kann z.B. die zentrale Wendel 11 entfallen. Vorzugsweise ist aber zumindest eine Wendel beabstandet von der Achse 7 angeordnet, da sie so auf einen grösseren Teil des Maischenkuchens wirken kann.1-5 are e.g. Three coils are provided for each agitator. It is also conceivable agitators with more or less than three coils to use. Especially with smaller agitators e.g. the central coil 11 is eliminated. Preferably but at least one helix spaced from axis 7 arranged, as it is on a larger part of the mash cake can work.

    In den obigen Beispielen wurden Tanks mit rundem und länglichem Querschnitt beschrieben. Es können jedoch auch Tanks mit anderen Querschnitten verwendet werden, wobei eine jeweils entsprechende Zahl von Rührwerken einzusetzen ist. Die Rührwerke sind so anzuordnen, dass der aufsteigende Trester- bzw. Maischenkuchen feucht bleibt und die Schimmelbildung vermieden wird.In the examples above, tanks were made with round and elongated cross-section described. It can however, tanks with other cross sections are also used with a corresponding number of agitators is to be used. The agitators are to be arranged that the ascending pomace or mash cake is moist remains and the formation of mold is avoided.

    In den obigen Beispielen sind die Achsen 7 der Rührwerke jeweils im Deckel der Tanks gelagert. Es kann jedoch zusätzlich oder alternativ auch eine Lagerung im Bodenbereich der Tanks vorgesehen sein.In the above examples, the axes are 7 of the agitators stored in the lid of the tanks. It can additionally or alternatively also a storage be provided in the bottom area of the tanks.

    Die vorliegende Erfindung erlaubt es, den Gärverlauf automatisch zu kontrollieren und zu optimieren, was die Qualität des Endprodukts verbessert und den Aufwand reduziert. Insbesondere ergibt sich ein Farbstoffgewinn und viele wichtige Inhaltsstoffe gelangen vom Festkörperanteil in die flüssige Phase. Dank der erfindungsgemässen Rührwerke benötigen die Gärtanks nur wenig Platz. Ferner können die Tanks auch für andere Zwecke als zur Maischengärung verwendet werden, z.B. als Rührtanks oder zur Maischenerwärmung.The present invention allows the Automatically check and optimize the fermentation process, which improves the quality of the final product and the Reduced effort. In particular, there is a dye gain and many important ingredients come from Solid content in the liquid phase. Thanks to the inventive The fermentation tanks require little agitators Place. Furthermore, the tanks can also be used for purposes other than used for mash fermentation, e.g. as stirring tanks or for heating the mash.

    Da die Rührwerke ihre Wirkung entlang ihrer ganzen Länge entfalten, funktionieren die Gärtanks auch dann noch zuverlässig, wenn sie nur teilweise gefüllt sind.Because the agitators work along their Unfold the entire length, the fermentation tanks also work then still reliable if it is only partially filled are.

    Claims (12)

    Gärtank für die Maischengärung eines Gärguts (3, 4) mit mindestens einem Rührwerk (5) zum Lösen eines an der Oberfläche des Gärguts sich sammelnden Maischenkuchens (4), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Rührwerk (5) mindestens eine Wendel (9, 10, 11) mit einer im wesentlichen vertikalen Wendelachse (7) aufweist, und einen Motor (6), um die Wendel (9, 10, 11) zum Drehen um die Wendelachse (7) anzutreiben.Fermentation tank for the mash fermentation of a digestate (3, 4) with at least one agitator (5) for loosening a mash cake collecting on the surface of the digestate (4), characterized in that the agitator (5) at least one helix (9, 10, 11) with a has a substantial vertical spiral axis (7), and a Motor (6) to turn the helix (9, 10, 11) to drive the helical axis (7). Gärtank nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Rührwerk (5) mindestens einen radial beabstandet von der Wendelachse (7) angeordneten Wendel aufweist, und insbesondere zwei radial von der Wendelachse und voneinander beabstandete, konzentrisch angeordnete Wendel (9, 10, 11) aufweist.Fermentation tank according to claim 1, characterized in that the agitator (5) has at least one radial spaced from the helix axis (7) has, and in particular two radially from the helix axis and spaced apart, concentrically arranged Helix (9, 10, 11). Gärtank nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Rührwerk eine zentrale Wendel (11) und mindestens eine äussere Wendel (9, 10) aufweist, wobei die zentrale Wendel (11) umgekehrten Drehsinn zur äusseren Wendel (9, 10) aufweist, und dass der Motor (6) ausgestaltet ist zur Erzeugung einer Drehbewegung derart, dass die äussere Wendel (9, 10) den Maischenkuchen nach unten drückt während die innere Wendel (11) das Gärgut nach oben drängt.Fermentation tank according to claim 2, characterized in that the agitator has a central helix (11) and has at least one outer helix (9, 10), wherein the central helix (11) reversed to the outside Helix (9, 10), and that the motor (6) is configured is to generate a rotary movement such that the outer spiral (9, 10) after the mash cake below presses the digestate while the inner spiral (11) pushes up. Gärtank nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er um das Rührwerk (5) herum einen wendelförmigen Stator (14) aufweist, der umgekehrten Drehsinn zum äussersten Wendel (9) des Rührwerks aufweist, und insbesondere dass ausserhalb des Stators (14) ein Kühl- und/oder Heizmittel (2) angeordnet ist.Fermentation tank according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is around the agitator (5) has a helical stator (14) around reverse direction of rotation to the outermost helix (9) of the agitator has, and in particular that outside the stator (14) a cooling and / or heating means (2) arranged is. Gärtank nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er zylinderförmig ist und genau ein im wesentlichen konzentrisch in ihm angeordnetes Rührwerk (5) mit vertikaler Wendelachse (7) aufweist. Fermentation tank according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is cylindrical is and exactly one arranged essentially concentrically in it Agitator (5) with vertical spiral axis (7) having. Gärtank nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er mehrere Rührwerke (5a, 5b) aufweist, deren Wendelachsen zum Erzeugen einer Umlaufbewegung des Gärguts aus der Vertikalen gekippt sind.Fermentation tank according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it has several agitators (5a, 5b), the spiral axes of which for generating an orbital movement of the digestate are tilted from the vertical. Gärtank nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Motor (6) eine Antriebssteuerung aufweist, welche ausgestaltet ist zum intervallweisen Betrieb des Motors, und
       insbesondere dass die Antriebssteuerung ausgestaltet ist, um den Motor (6) schneller zu beschleunigen als abzubremsen, derart, dass aufgrund der Trägheit des Gärguts beim Anfahren der Maischekuchen mehr abgesenkt wird als dass er beim Bremsen angehoben wird.
    Fermentation tank according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the motor (6) has a drive control which is designed for intermittent operation of the motor, and
    in particular that the drive control is designed to accelerate the motor (6) more quickly than to brake it, in such a way that due to the inertia of the digestate when the mash cake is started up, it is lowered more than it is raised when braking.
    Gärtank nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Querschnitt des Gärtanks die Wendel bzw. Wendeln (9, 10, 11) insgesamt eine Fläche zwischen 10% und 50%, vorzugsweise zwischen 25% und 35%, der Querschnittfläche des Gärtanks bedecken.Fermentation tank according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the cross section of the Fermentation tanks the coils or coils (9, 10, 11) in total an area between 10% and 50%, preferably between Cover 25% and 35% of the cross-sectional area of the fermentation tank. Verfahren zum Betrieb des Gärtanks nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Rührwerk (5) in Betriebsintervallen (Tl) intervallweise betrieben wird.Procedure for operating the fermentation tank according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the agitator (5) at operating intervals (Tl) is operated at intervals. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Rührwerk (5) zu Beginn jedes Betriebsintervalls (T1) schneller beschleunigt wird, als dass es am Ende des Betriebsintervalls abgebremst wird, derart, dass aufgrund der Trägheit des Gärguts beim Anfahren der Maischekuchen mehr abgesenkt wird als dass er beim Bremsen angehoben wird.A method according to claim 9, characterized in that the agitator (5) at the beginning of each operating interval (T1) is accelerated faster than that it is braked at the end of the operating interval, such that due to the inertia of the digestate when starting the mash cake is lowered more than it is lifted when braking. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 9 oder 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Zuckergehalt des Gärguts gemessen und die Länge (T1) und/oder der Abstand (T2) der Betriebsintervalle automatisch abhängig vom Zukkergehalt gewählt werden.Method according to one of claims 9 or 10, characterized in that the sugar content of the Fermented material measured and the length (T1) and / or the distance (T2) the operating intervals automatically depend on the sugar content to get voted. Verwendung der Vorrichtung und des Verfahrens nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche zur Herstellung von Wein oder Apfelwein, insbesondere Rotwein, mittels Maischengärung.Use of the device and method according to one of the preceding claims for production of wine or cider, especially red wine, using mash fermentation.
    EP00128387A 2000-01-07 2000-12-22 Fermenter Withdrawn EP1114672A3 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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    CH262000 2000-01-07
    CH262000 2000-01-07

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    EP1114672A3 EP1114672A3 (en) 2001-10-17

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    Cited By (7)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    NL1037079C2 (en) * 2009-06-26 2010-12-28 Lekner B V MIXER FOR PREPARING A LOW FISH FISH MIXTURE.
    ES2490041A2 (en) * 2013-02-27 2014-09-02 M.A. Procesos, S.L. Mixer mixer of crushed olives (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    EP2781254A1 (en) * 2013-03-20 2014-09-24 Sidel S.p.a. Con Socio Unico A fluid-agitating tank assembly for a machine for filling containers and an agitator for such tank assembly
    CN108308309A (en) * 2018-04-12 2018-07-24 李宏伟 A kind of six fort tea automatic fermentation devices
    CN108991200A (en) * 2018-08-09 2018-12-14 西藏藏缘青稞科技有限公司 A kind of highland barley milk tea production system
    IT201800007924A1 (en) * 2018-08-07 2020-02-07 Patrizia Biasior Tank with spiral heat exchange pocket
    US20210127717A1 (en) * 2019-10-30 2021-05-06 Sodick Co., Ltd. Food material powder supply device

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    DE3012829A1 (en) * 1980-04-02 1981-10-08 Stephan Oehler Red wine mash fermentation tank - with mixing screw conveyor designed as heat exchanger
    FR2540839A1 (en) * 1983-02-11 1984-08-17 Jean Fourcaud Static wine-making vat

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    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    US3314660A (en) * 1965-06-11 1967-04-18 Atlantic Res Corp Mixer
    FR2477429A1 (en) * 1980-03-08 1981-09-11 Peter Eugen Mixing and stirring device - in vertical tank is annular spiral scoop on vertical shaft
    DE3012829A1 (en) * 1980-04-02 1981-10-08 Stephan Oehler Red wine mash fermentation tank - with mixing screw conveyor designed as heat exchanger
    FR2540839A1 (en) * 1983-02-11 1984-08-17 Jean Fourcaud Static wine-making vat

    Cited By (11)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    NL1037079C2 (en) * 2009-06-26 2010-12-28 Lekner B V MIXER FOR PREPARING A LOW FISH FISH MIXTURE.
    ES2490041A2 (en) * 2013-02-27 2014-09-02 M.A. Procesos, S.L. Mixer mixer of crushed olives (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    EP2781254A1 (en) * 2013-03-20 2014-09-24 Sidel S.p.a. Con Socio Unico A fluid-agitating tank assembly for a machine for filling containers and an agitator for such tank assembly
    CN108308309A (en) * 2018-04-12 2018-07-24 李宏伟 A kind of six fort tea automatic fermentation devices
    CN108308309B (en) * 2018-04-12 2022-01-14 李宏伟 Automatic fermenting installation of six fort tea
    IT201800007924A1 (en) * 2018-08-07 2020-02-07 Patrizia Biasior Tank with spiral heat exchange pocket
    EP3608393A1 (en) * 2018-08-07 2020-02-12 Patrizia Biasior Tank with spiral heat-exchange jacket
    CN108991200A (en) * 2018-08-09 2018-12-14 西藏藏缘青稞科技有限公司 A kind of highland barley milk tea production system
    CN108991200B (en) * 2018-08-09 2021-10-15 西藏藏缘青稞科技有限公司 Highland barley milk tea production system
    US20210127717A1 (en) * 2019-10-30 2021-05-06 Sodick Co., Ltd. Food material powder supply device
    US11950614B2 (en) * 2019-10-30 2024-04-09 Sodick Co., Ltd. Food material powder supply device

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