EP1114209B1 - Galvanische hartchromschicht - Google Patents
Galvanische hartchromschicht Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1114209B1 EP1114209B1 EP00943813A EP00943813A EP1114209B1 EP 1114209 B1 EP1114209 B1 EP 1114209B1 EP 00943813 A EP00943813 A EP 00943813A EP 00943813 A EP00943813 A EP 00943813A EP 1114209 B1 EP1114209 B1 EP 1114209B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- chromium
- hard
- particles
- galvanic
- coat
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(6+) Chemical compound [Cr+6] JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 102
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052580 B4C Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron carbide Chemical compound B12B3B4C32B41 INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910003470 tongbaite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001096 P alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- UFGZSIPAQKLCGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium carbide Chemical compound [Cr]#C[Cr]C#[Cr] UFGZSIPAQKLCGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 15
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- -1 chrome hydride Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 5
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromic acid Substances O[Cr](O)(=O)=O KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 4
- AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,7-dione Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=N1 AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IGOJDKCIHXGPTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [P].[Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [P].[Co].[Ni] IGOJDKCIHXGPTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- GVEHJMMRQRRJPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(2+);methanidylidynechromium Chemical compound [Cr+2].[Cr]#[C-].[Cr]#[C-] GVEHJMMRQRRJPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005468 ion implantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004382 potting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D15/00—Electrolytic or electrophoretic production of coatings containing embedded materials, e.g. particles, whiskers, wires
- C25D15/02—Combined electrolytic and electrophoretic processes with charged materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/18—Electroplating using modulated, pulsed or reversing current
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/60—Electroplating characterised by the structure or texture of the layers
- C25D5/615—Microstructure of the layers, e.g. mixed structure
- C25D5/617—Crystalline layers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/60—Electroplating characterised by the structure or texture of the layers
- C25D5/625—Discontinuous layers, e.g. microcracked layers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
- Y10S428/923—Physical dimension
- Y10S428/924—Composite
- Y10S428/926—Thickness of individual layer specified
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
- Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
- Y10S428/934—Electrical process
- Y10S428/935—Electroplating
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49229—Prime mover or fluid pump making
- Y10T29/49274—Piston ring or piston packing making
- Y10T29/49281—Piston ring or piston packing making including coating or plating
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12458—All metal or with adjacent metals having composition, density, or hardness gradient
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12479—Porous [e.g., foamed, spongy, cracked, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12486—Laterally noncoextensive components [e.g., embedded, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12639—Adjacent, identical composition, components
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12806—Refractory [Group IVB, VB, or VIB] metal-base component
- Y10T428/12826—Group VIB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12847—Cr-base component
Definitions
- the invention relates to a galvanic hard chrome layer, in particular for one Piston ring, consisting essentially of an electrolyte containing hexavalent chromium is formed, with cracks on the layer and diamond cracks in these cracks are stored.
- Galvanic hard chrome layers have been in the prior art for a long time known and are used, for example, as a surface coating for shock absorber pistons, Hydraulic parts, piston rings and pressure rollers are used.
- the workpiece to be chrome-plated then becomes during chrome-plating first switched cathodically so that a micro-cracked chrome layer forms, then the workpiece is switched anodically, so that the microcracks extend to the desired gap width widen and the cracks fill with solid particles, and then again occurs a cathodic circuit so that the solid particles by closing the cracks encapsulated and enclosed.
- This periodic current reversal can if necessary, be repeated several times, the chrome plating parameters correspondingly the application can be varied so that the desired crack width, crack density and Crack filling with possibly different solid particle fillings arise.
- a method of making a hard chrome composite coating on a substrate the comprises a disperse phase and is particularly suitable for mechanical components which are subject to high temperature friction, is described in European patent EP 0 668 375 B1.
- This method includes the step of galvanic Deposition of at least one hard chrome layer in a chrome plating bath of the type which Forms microcracks and in which a predetermined concentration of particles of a given Size of a non-metal insoluble in the bath is dispersed in suspension, wherein together in the course of said deposition step, the substrate permanently Cathode potential maintained and a pulsating cathode current that cycled with time changed between a minimum and a maximum value, is supplied to a To achieve a chrome layer that has a matrix with microcracks of a given distribution and one comprises disperse phase, which consists of said non-metal particles, some of which are in the Microcracks included and some embedded directly into the matrix, the Chrome plating bath is a bath based on chromic acid, which is
- Another known piston ring which is described in European patent application EP 0 841 414 A1 is different from that from EP 0 841 413 A1 in that in the Cracked round aluminum particles are included, the average Particle size is between 0.7 and 10 ⁇ m and the dispersion ratio of the round Aluminum particles in the electrolyte is 3 to 15% by volume.
- German patent application DE 197 45 811 A1 finally describes a galvanic Hard chrome layer with one extending partially or entirely through the layer thickness Crack network and solid particles embedded and encapsulated in the cracks there is at least two layers of hard chrome, with at least one layer under pulsing Direct current is deposited, so that the chromium in different crystallization forms is present.
- the hard chrome can additionally with the metals tungsten, vanadium and / or Molybdenum alloyed.
- From US-A-4 846 940 is the use of diamond particles of a size about 0.5 - 15 ⁇ m for the production of galvanic hard chrome layers.
- EP-A-0 668 375 describes the production of hard chrome layers under Use of hard materials that can also consist of diamond. A particle size 0.1 - 20 ⁇ m is considered suitable.
- the object of the invention based on providing a galvanic hard chrome layer, the improved physical Properties such as improved wear resistance and Resistance to seizure.
- This object is achieved with a generic galvanic hard chrome layer in which the diamond particles have a size in the range from 0.25 to 0.4 ⁇ m.
- the diamond particle size indicated does not mean that all particles are necessarily one must have the same size, rather they can be of a different size have, which should only be in the range of 0.25 to 0.4 ⁇ m.
- the galvanic chrome layer according to the invention is essentially made of one hexavalent chromium-containing electrolytes formed, which from the hexavalent Chromium formed by electrolytes in contrast to one made from trivalent electrolyte Chromium formed has more lattice defects, since that from a hexavalent electrolyte formed chrome in addition to the cubic body-centered chrome more hexagonal chrome hydride contains what is due to the strong hydrogen formation during the electrodeposition is due. This results in a larger number of lattice defects and thus also in an even greater hardness of the deposited chrome.
- the hard chrome layer according to the invention does not necessarily have to be pure Act chrome. On the contrary, the alloying of the Chromium, especially with the metals molybdenum, vanadium and tungsten, may be advantageous.
- the galvanic according to the invention could Hard chrome layer can achieve significantly better results than with the coatings, such as they have so far been used.
- An electroplated hard chrome layer according to the invention with diamond inclusions shows also at high thermal loads, under which the layers previously used can reach their application limits with aluminum oxide particles, far improved Characteristics.
- Diamond converts to graphite at higher temperatures.
- the temperature of the Layer e.g. B. is applied to a piston ring tread, so high that a Burn marks appear.
- the diamond particles change advantageously in graphite, which then takes on lubrication tasks and thus the Prevention of burn marks.
- the layer according to the invention thus also has very good properties Emergency running properties, especially due to the conversion of diamond to graphite Temperatures of approx. 700 ° C or higher.
- the hard chrome layer according to the invention can preferably be produced by on and for known chromium plating baths with solid particles dispersed therein are used, as they have been known from the prior art for a long time.
- chrome plating the workpiece to be chromed is first switched cathodically, so that there is a Micro-cracked hard chrome layer forms, then the workpiece is anodically switched so that the micro cracks widen to the desired gap width and the cracks widen with the Fill diamond particles.
- the hard chrome layer according to the invention is not made of pure chrome, but of a Alloy elements are formed in the chromium plating electrolyte as Salts dissolved and galvanically deposited together with the chrome.
- the Alloy elements preferably in amounts of 0.1 to 30 percent by weight in the Chrome layer present. Such layers are still compared to pure chrome layers more wear-resistant and ductile.
- the entire thickness of the electroplated hard chrome layer according to the invention should preferably be used be several times larger than the particle size of the particles. This is desirable for yourself the particles can be completely embedded in the crack network formed in the hard chrome layer and not only individual particles are only partially embedded in the chrome layer. Most of the time it is it is also desirable that the cracks are filled with many diamond particles.
- the thickness of the Hard chrome layer according to the invention is preferably between 0.0005 and 1.0 mm.
- the gap width of the cracks in the galvanic chrome layer according to the invention should be larger than the particles to be stored.
- the galvanic hard chrome layer according to the invention is above 0.3 ⁇ m, in particular is above 0.5 ⁇ m, so that solid particles can be embedded in the cracks at all not the cracks are too small for the diamond particles.
- Hard chrome layer can be achieved if it consists of at least two layers of chrome layer consists. It was observed that the cracks in the chrome layer were not always continuous be formed. If thinner layers are applied and the particles each in the cracks of the individual layers, a coating can be achieved which better distribution of the diamond particles in the coating both in their entire thickness, as well as across their surface, since the cracks are not always in the same places be formed.
- the thickness of the individual layers is preferably about 0.0005 to 0.5 mm.
- the hard chrome layer according to the invention consists of at least two layers, then the individual layers z. B. also different heights or completely different Have alloy components. This can be done depending on the shift requirements or be suitably selected for the material to be coated.
- the galvanic chromium layer is now formed in such a way that the at least two chromium layer layers have a different crystal structure, the strength properties of the layer according to the invention can be further improved.
- the chromium is deposited from the electrolyte on the cathodically connected workpiece with pulsating direct current with current densities between 5 and 250 A / dm 2 , so that several layers of hard chromium with different crystallization forms are deposited in the chromium layer according to the current density.
- the workpiece is switched anodically, so that the crack network in hard chrome expands and fills with the solid particles.
- the layers of different crystal structures are preferably alternated deposited on top of each other.
- Such a galvanic hard chrome layer according to the invention showed even further improvements Properties such as a longer service life at extreme temperature and Wear loads. Perhaps this is due to the fact that the different crystal structures of the two layers, high lattice voltages, in particular occur at the interfaces, which not only makes the layer harder overall, but also also improved other mechanical properties of the hard chrome layer according to the invention become.
- the electroplated hard chrome layer according to the invention in particular then excellent properties, preferably very good seizure resistance and wear resistance, if the proportion of diamond particles in the chrome layer is not chosen too high.
- the layer according to the invention shows particularly good properties if the proportion of Diamond particles in the chrome layer is 0.1 to 10 wt .-%.
- Hard material particles can all particles of hard materials familiar to the person skilled in the art include, but in particular come tungsten carbide, chromium carbide, aluminum oxide, Silicon carbide, silicon nitride, boron carbide and / or cubic bomitride are possible.
- the inclusion of further hard material particles can occur, among other things, when high pressures and insufficient lubrication may be advantageous if the temperature is e.g. B. on the Piston ring running surface for which the layers according to the invention, for. B. can be used can, is so high that the diamond particles convert into graphite and Take on lubrication tasks. At this point, however, the diamond alone can no longer serve to improve wear resistance. Here the sit down excellent properties of the hard material particles present next to the diamond and prevent unnecessarily high wear of the galvanic according to the invention Hard chrome layer.
- Solid lubricant particles continued to crack solid particles to increase the ductility of the Corrosion resistance and / or solid particles are contained as dyes.
- the layer according to the invention can incorporate further particles in addition to the hard material particles suitable for the respective application.
- Solid lubricant particles for example hexagonal bomitride, graphite and / or Polymer particles, in particular made of polyethylene and / or polytetrafluoroethylene, additionally in the Cracks are introduced.
- Ductile metals can be used to increase the ductility of the hard chrome layer according to the invention or tin, titanium or aluminum alloys.
- the cracks can be coated with polyethylene, for example filled and then melted in the cracks, so that the cracks sealed and protected against corrosive attacks.
- Different particles can also be used in addition to the diamond particles to fill the cracks be used.
- the diamond particles embedded in the galvanic chrome layer are advantageously made of mono- and / or polycrystalline diamond.
- Polycrystalline diamond that is only synthetic is currently more expensive than monocrystalline diamond, however better results are achieved with polycrystalline diamond, since a polycrystalline Diamond has many sliding planes due to the many different crystals.
- the high wear resistance of the galvanic chrome layer according to the invention brings about however, that this layer runs in relatively slowly. This is particularly the case with Use of the layer on piston rings is not so desirable because of negative effects in oil consumption and emissions in this phase. Improvements can be made here with special surface topographies, such as those with a special lapping be realized, and / or with the development of piston ring coatings that improve the running-in achieve that on the wear-resistant base layers galvanically, by means of PVD or CVD or other methods familiar to a person skilled in the art are to be applied.
- a dispersion layer based on nickel-cobalt-phosphorus can be used for this Silicon nitride can be used as dispersants, which with high fire protection ensures the required fast running-in.
- the layer graded is.
- the grading can, for example, be chosen such that it is on the tread has reduced solids content. The solids can go out decrease and even not at all in the outermost layer area layer according to the invention may be present.
- the solids content can also toward the free surface of the hard chrome layer to accept.
- the layer according to the invention can also be graded Lubricants and / or the other particles contained in the layer.
- the galvanic hard chrome layer according to the invention can also be advantageous if surface hardening is also carried out.
- nitriding since it can be carried out very well defined, i. H. it can either be nitrided the entire surface or only certain, exactly defined areas.
- the nitriding of surfaces is usually carried out by means of plasma nitriding carried out.
- the galvanic chrome layer according to the invention can also be one Surface hardening by means of ion implantation, for example with nitrogen become.
- the galvanic chrome layer according to the invention can be advantageously as a tread coating for temperature and wear Use machine parts and particularly preferably for piston rings, as they are at rubbing wear and has proven particularly effective when used in high temperatures.
- Chrome plating takes place at a temperature of 60 ° C.
- the workpiece to be chrome-plated is first switched cathodically in a first stage and chrome-plated for 8 minutes at a current density of 65 A / dm 3 .
- the polarity is reversed and the crack network of the previously deposited chromium layer is expanded and filled with diamond particles by anodic switching of the workpiece for one minute at a current density of 60 A / dm 3 .
- This cycle namely "cathodic chrome plating" for 8 minutes and "anodic etching" for 1 minute, is repeated a total of 20 times, resulting in a layer with a layer thickness of approximately 140 ⁇ m, which has a diamond content of 3-5% by weight. of the entire layer.
- the chrome plating takes place for a total of 5 hours at 55 ° C. to form a chrome layer with a total thickness of 0.2 mm.
- the workpiece to be chrome-plated is first connected cathodically in a first stage and chrome-plated for 30 minutes at a current density of 65 A / dm 3 .
- the polarity is reversed and the crack network of the previously deposited chromium layer is expanded by anodic switching of the workpiece for 30 seconds at a current density of 150 A / dm 3 and filled with diamond and aluminum oxide particles.
- This cycle is repeated a total of 10 times, resulting in a layer with a layer thickness of approximately 145 ⁇ m, which has a diamond content of 1-3% by weight of the entire layer.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
- Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
- Dental Preparations (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19931829 | 1999-07-08 | ||
DE19931829A DE19931829A1 (de) | 1999-07-08 | 1999-07-08 | Galvanische Hartchromschicht |
PCT/EP2000/005524 WO2001004386A1 (de) | 1999-07-08 | 2000-06-15 | Galvanische hartchromschicht |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1114209A1 EP1114209A1 (de) | 2001-07-11 |
EP1114209B1 true EP1114209B1 (de) | 2004-08-04 |
Family
ID=7914083
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00943813A Expired - Lifetime EP1114209B1 (de) | 1999-07-08 | 2000-06-15 | Galvanische hartchromschicht |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6503642B1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1114209B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4406520B2 (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE272734T1 (ja) |
BR (1) | BR0006828B1 (ja) |
DE (2) | DE19931829A1 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2223540T3 (ja) |
PT (1) | PT1114209E (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2001004386A1 (ja) |
Cited By (6)
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DE102007038188A1 (de) | 2007-08-13 | 2009-02-19 | Federal-Mogul Burscheid Gmbh | Verschleißfest beschichtetes Maschinenelement und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
DE102008017270B3 (de) * | 2008-04-04 | 2009-06-04 | Federal-Mogul Burscheid Gmbh | Strukturierte Chrom-Feststoffpartikel-Schicht und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung sowie beschichtetes Maschinenelement |
DE102011084051A1 (de) | 2011-10-05 | 2013-04-11 | Federal-Mogul Burscheid Gmbh | Beschichteter Kolbenring mit radial zunehmender Schichtdicke und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
DE102011084052A1 (de) | 2011-10-05 | 2013-04-11 | Federal-Mogul Burscheid Gmbh | Beschichteter Kolbenring mit scharfer Ölabstreifkante |
DE102012204156A1 (de) | 2012-03-16 | 2013-09-19 | Federal-Mogul Burscheid Gmbh | Kolbenring mit Chrom-Feststoffpartikel-Verschleißschutzschicht und korrosionsbeständiger Flankenfläche |
EP2660362B1 (en) | 2010-12-27 | 2019-06-26 | Nippon Piston Ring Co., Ltd. | Composite chromium plating film, and sliding member equipped with the film |
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DE10255853A1 (de) * | 2002-11-29 | 2004-06-17 | Federal-Mogul Burscheid Gmbh | Herstellung strukturierter Hartchromschichten |
US8105692B2 (en) * | 2003-02-07 | 2012-01-31 | Diamond Innovations Inc. | Process equipment wear surfaces of extended resistance and methods for their manufacture |
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DE102004019370B3 (de) * | 2004-04-21 | 2005-09-01 | Federal-Mogul Burscheid Gmbh | Herstellung einer strukturierten Hartchromschicht und Herstellung einer Beschichtung |
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US20100127462A1 (en) * | 2007-01-09 | 2010-05-27 | Michael Buchmann | Piston ring with a multilayer assembly, and a method for the production thereof |
DE102007027245B4 (de) | 2007-06-13 | 2018-08-30 | Federal-Mogul Burscheid Gmbh | Kolbenring |
DE102007035502A1 (de) | 2007-07-28 | 2009-02-05 | Federal-Mogul Burscheid Gmbh | Kolbenring |
DE102007037778A1 (de) * | 2007-08-10 | 2009-02-12 | Mahle International Gmbh | Hartchromschicht, beschichtetes Substrat und tribologisches System |
CN101255592B (zh) * | 2007-12-07 | 2010-07-07 | 华南理工大学 | 一种铬/金刚石复合镀层及其制备方法 |
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DE102008036996B4 (de) * | 2008-08-07 | 2010-09-02 | Federal-Mogul Burscheid Gmbh | Gleit- und/oder Gegenring einer Laufwerkdichtung |
US8927101B2 (en) * | 2008-09-16 | 2015-01-06 | Diamond Innovations, Inc | Abrasive particles having a unique morphology |
ES2541598T3 (es) | 2009-07-31 | 2015-07-22 | Diamond Innovations, Inc. | Alambre de precisión que incluye partículas abrasivas superficialmente modificadas |
EP3151955B1 (en) | 2014-06-09 | 2020-06-17 | Hatch Ltd. | Plug flow reactor with internal recirculation fluidized bed |
US9945481B2 (en) | 2016-07-07 | 2018-04-17 | Federal-Mogul Llc | Polymer coating in cracked piston ring coating |
JP6417438B2 (ja) | 2017-03-22 | 2018-11-07 | 株式会社リケン | 複合クロムめっき皮膜、及び当該皮膜を有するピストンリング |
DE102017116480A1 (de) | 2017-07-21 | 2019-01-24 | Federal-Mogul Friedberg Gmbh | Kolbenring mit kugelgestrahlter Einlaufschicht und Verfahren zur Herstellung |
DE102020105003A1 (de) * | 2020-02-26 | 2021-08-26 | Federal-Mogul Burscheid Gmbh | Kolbenring mit Hartchromschicht und verbessertem Einlaufverhalten |
DE102020207265A1 (de) | 2020-06-10 | 2021-12-16 | Mahle International Gmbh | Verfahren zum Beschichten eines Kolbenrings mit einer Chromnitridschicht |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE3531410A1 (de) | 1985-09-03 | 1987-03-05 | Goetze Ag | Galvanische hartchromschicht |
JPH0631462B2 (ja) * | 1985-11-19 | 1994-04-27 | 松文 高谷 | 複合クロムめっきによる皮膜形成方法 |
JPH02503095A (ja) | 1988-02-11 | 1990-09-27 | シェバリン アレクサンドル イワノヴィッチ | クロムを基材とする複合被膜の製造方法 |
JP2709613B2 (ja) * | 1988-11-30 | 1998-02-04 | 株式会社リケン | ピストンリング |
JPH06316789A (ja) * | 1993-08-27 | 1994-11-15 | Matsufumi Takatani | 複合クロムめっきおよびめっき方法 |
IT1267394B1 (it) * | 1994-02-18 | 1997-02-05 | Ind S R L | Procedimento per la realizzazione di riporti galvanici compositi in cromo duro con una fase dispersa e riporto anti-usura realizzato con |
DE19513102C2 (de) | 1995-04-07 | 1998-02-05 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Diamant-Compositschichtsystem, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung und seine Verwendung |
EP0841413B1 (en) | 1996-11-11 | 2001-09-26 | Teikoku Piston Ring Co., LTd. | Composite chromium plating film and sliding member covered thereof |
EP0841414B2 (en) | 1996-11-11 | 2005-03-02 | Teikoku Piston Ring Co., LTd. | Composite chromium plating film and sliding member covered thereof |
DE19745811C2 (de) | 1997-10-16 | 2002-06-13 | Federal Mogul Burscheid Gmbh | Galvanische Hartchromschicht, Verwendung und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
-
1999
- 1999-07-08 DE DE19931829A patent/DE19931829A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2000
- 2000-06-15 ES ES00943813T patent/ES2223540T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-06-15 WO PCT/EP2000/005524 patent/WO2001004386A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 2000-06-15 EP EP00943813A patent/EP1114209B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-06-15 PT PT00943813T patent/PT1114209E/pt unknown
- 2000-06-15 JP JP2001509580A patent/JP4406520B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-06-15 AT AT00943813T patent/ATE272734T1/de active
- 2000-06-15 DE DE50007283T patent/DE50007283D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-06-15 US US09/786,570 patent/US6503642B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-06-15 BR BRPI0006828-4A patent/BR0006828B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (10)
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DE102007038188A1 (de) | 2007-08-13 | 2009-02-19 | Federal-Mogul Burscheid Gmbh | Verschleißfest beschichtetes Maschinenelement und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
DE102008017270B3 (de) * | 2008-04-04 | 2009-06-04 | Federal-Mogul Burscheid Gmbh | Strukturierte Chrom-Feststoffpartikel-Schicht und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung sowie beschichtetes Maschinenelement |
US8337687B2 (en) | 2008-04-04 | 2012-12-25 | Federal-Mogul Burscheid Gmbh | Structured chrome solid particle layer and method for the production thereof |
EP2660362B1 (en) | 2010-12-27 | 2019-06-26 | Nippon Piston Ring Co., Ltd. | Composite chromium plating film, and sliding member equipped with the film |
DE102011084051A1 (de) | 2011-10-05 | 2013-04-11 | Federal-Mogul Burscheid Gmbh | Beschichteter Kolbenring mit radial zunehmender Schichtdicke und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
DE102011084052A1 (de) | 2011-10-05 | 2013-04-11 | Federal-Mogul Burscheid Gmbh | Beschichteter Kolbenring mit scharfer Ölabstreifkante |
DE102011084051B4 (de) * | 2011-10-05 | 2020-03-12 | Federal-Mogul Burscheid Gmbh | Beschichteter Kolbenring mit radial zunehmender Schichtdicke und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
DE102011084052B4 (de) | 2011-10-05 | 2024-05-29 | Federal-Mogul Burscheid Gmbh | Beschichteter Kolbenring mit scharfer Ölabstreifkante |
DE102012204156A1 (de) | 2012-03-16 | 2013-09-19 | Federal-Mogul Burscheid Gmbh | Kolbenring mit Chrom-Feststoffpartikel-Verschleißschutzschicht und korrosionsbeständiger Flankenfläche |
WO2013135325A1 (de) | 2012-03-16 | 2013-09-19 | Federal-Mogul Burscheid Gmbh | KOLBENRING MIT CHROM-FESTSTOFFPARTIKEL-VERSCHLEIßSCHUTZSCHICHT UND KORROSIONSBESTÄNDIGER FLANKENFLÄCHE |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE272734T1 (de) | 2004-08-15 |
US6503642B1 (en) | 2003-01-07 |
JP4406520B2 (ja) | 2010-01-27 |
WO2001004386A1 (de) | 2001-01-18 |
ES2223540T3 (es) | 2005-03-01 |
JP2003504517A (ja) | 2003-02-04 |
PT1114209E (pt) | 2004-10-29 |
BR0006828B1 (pt) | 2011-08-23 |
DE19931829A1 (de) | 2001-01-18 |
BR0006828A (pt) | 2001-06-05 |
DE50007283D1 (de) | 2004-09-09 |
EP1114209A1 (de) | 2001-07-11 |
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