EP1112126B1 - Method for producing two-layer final coats on motor vehicles - Google Patents

Method for producing two-layer final coats on motor vehicles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1112126B1
EP1112126B1 EP00907551A EP00907551A EP1112126B1 EP 1112126 B1 EP1112126 B1 EP 1112126B1 EP 00907551 A EP00907551 A EP 00907551A EP 00907551 A EP00907551 A EP 00907551A EP 1112126 B1 EP1112126 B1 EP 1112126B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
basecoat
aqueous
waterborne
coat layer
organic solvents
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EP00907551A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1112126A1 (en
Inventor
Ludwig Siever
Peter Minko
Holger Schmidt
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EIDP Inc
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EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D7/50—Multilayers
    • B05D7/52—Two layers
    • B05D7/53—Base coat plus clear coat type
    • B05D7/534—Base coat plus clear coat type the first layer being let to dry at least partially before applying the second layer

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing two-layer Automotive top coats made of basecoat and clearcoat topcoat.
  • One is e.g. known from GB-A-2 233 257.
  • Two-coat automotive top coats are produced by wet-on-wet application a transparent top coat on one by flashing pre-dried color and / or effect basecoat.
  • the non-aqueous basecoats contain organic Solvents in the order of, for example, from 55 to 80 wt .-%, while the aqueous basecoats only, for example, 10 to 25% by weight of organic solvents contain.
  • the trend is therefore towards one Substitution of basecoats based on organic solvents by aqueous Basecoats. For example, older paint shops in which non-aqueous Basecoats are processed by new ones for processing Water-based paints designed painting systems replaced.
  • the flash-off conditions for basecoat layers in painting systems for the application of basecoats based on organic solvents are different from those in Painting systems specially designed for the application of waterborne basecoats are.
  • there are ventilation conditions which are marked due to short flash-off times of, for example, 30 to 180 seconds Air temperatures of, for example, 20 to 30 ° C.
  • Air temperatures for example, 20 to 30 ° C.
  • Waterborne basecoats take longer Flash-off times at higher air temperatures to result in the flash-off process complete the production of a pre-dried basecoat film.
  • the flash-off times are therefore for example 5 to 10 minutes and the time during the drying Air temperatures are higher, for example at 40 to 80 ° C.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method for manufacturing two-coat automotive top coats by wet-on-wet application of one aqueous basecoat and a clearcoat under Granting of short flash-off times of, for example, 30 to 180 seconds for the Basecoat.
  • the method should enable aqueous basecoats in to process automated automotive OEM painting systems for the Processing of non-aqueous basecoats are designed and only short flash-off times for allow the basecoat layers.
  • the task can be solved by observing the following conditions the formulation of aqueous basecoat coatings and compliance with the following Process conditions during the flashing off of these aqueous Basecoat coating agents applied coating layers.
  • the invention therefore relates to a method for producing a two-layer color and / or effect top coat Motor vehicle bodies in an automatic automotive painting system, wherein a transparent top coat layer from a clear lacquer coating agent onto one an aqueous color and / or effect basecoat and applied flashed-off basecoat and the two coating layers together branding, which is characterized in that an aqueous Basecoat coating agent used, which organic solvent accordingly contains a high solid value of 40 to 70%, and taking the basecoat film after their application and before application of the transparent top coat layer 30 to 180 Seconds with circulating air from 25 to 45 ° C with an air flow from 0.10 to 0.70 m / s, based on the surface provided with the aqueous basecoat film, vented.
  • aqueous basecoat coating compositions are used.
  • they each contain one or more conventional binders, organic Solvents and pigments and optionally fillers, crosslinkers and / or customary paint additives.
  • the aqueous used in the process according to the invention Basecoat coatings for example, have weight solids contents of 15 to 50% by weight, for effect waterborne basecoats it is preferably 15 to 30, for example % By weight, for plain-colored water-based paints it is preferably higher, for example 20 to 45% by weight.
  • the weight solids of the aqueous basecoat coating compositions is formed from the sum of the solid contributions of the binders, pigments, Fillers, crosslinkers and non-volatile additives common in paint.
  • the Weight ratio of pigment to binder in the aqueous basecoat coating composition is, for example, between 0.05: 1 to 3: 1, for effect water-based paints it is for example preferably 0.1: 1 to 0.6: 1, for plain-colored water-based paints it is preferably higher, for example at 0.1: 1 to 2.5: 1, in each case based on the Solid weight.
  • the ratio of pigment to binder is the sum of the parts by weight of coloring pigments, effect pigments and fillers related to the sum of the weight percentages of binder, Paste resin and crosslinker solids in the finished water-based paint.
  • the aqueous basecoat coating compositions used in the process according to the invention have a high solid value of 40 to 70%.
  • the high solid value of the aqueous basecoat coating compositions is calculated using the formula Solids content in% by weight x 100% Solids content in% by weight + content of organic solvents in% by weight.
  • Solvent content and solids content must therefore be coordinated so that according to the above formula gives a high solid value of 40 to 70%.
  • the waterborne basecoats used in the process according to the invention contain customary ones Binder systems stabilized ionically or non-ionically. These are preferred anionically and / or non-ionically stabilized. Anionic stabilization is preferred achieved by at least partially neutralized carboxyl groups in the binder, while non-ionic stabilization preferred by lateral or terminal Polyethylene oxide units in the binder is achieved.
  • the water-based paints can be physically drying in nature or crosslinkable to form covalent bonds his. In the case of crosslinking with the formation of covalent bonds Waterborne basecoats can be self- or externally crosslinking systems. In the latter case, it can be one-component or multi-component water-based paints act.
  • the waterborne basecoats used in the process according to the invention contain a or several common film-forming binders. You can if the binders don't are self-crosslinking or self-drying, optionally also contain crosslinking agents. Both the binder component and the crosslinker component which may be present is not subject to any limitation.
  • film-forming binders for example Usual polyester, polyurethane and / or poly (meth) acrylate resins can be used.
  • the selection of the crosslinking agents which may be present is not critical, it is directed in a manner familiar to the person skilled in the art according to the functionality of the binders.
  • the waterborne basecoats used in the process according to the invention contain color and / or effect pigments and optionally fillers.
  • coloring inorganic or organic pigments and fillers are titanium dioxide, micronized titanium dioxide, iron oxide pigments, carbon black, silicon dioxide, barium sulfate, micronized mica, talc, kaolin, chalk, layered silicates, azo pigments, Phthalocyanine pigments, quinacridone pigments, pyrrolopyrrole pigments, Perylene pigments.
  • effect pigments are metal pigments, e.g. out Aluminum, copper or other metals; Interference pigments such as metal oxide coated metal pigments, e.g. titanium dioxide coated aluminum, coated mica such as titanium dioxide coated mica, Graphite effect pigments, platelet-shaped iron oxide, platelet-shaped Copper phthalocyanine pigments.
  • Effect pigments are generally presented in the form of a commercially available aqueous or non-aqueous paste, optionally mixed with preferably water-dilutable organic solvents and additives and then mixed with an aqueous binder under scissors.
  • Powdery effect pigments can first be processed into a paste with preferably water-dilutable organic solvents and additives.
  • Color pigments and / or fillers can be rubbed, for example, in part of the aqueous binder. The rubbing can preferably also take place in a special water-thinnable paste resin. Grinding can be carried out in conventional units known to those skilled in the art. Then complete with the remaining portion of the aqueous binder or the aqueous paste resin for finished pigment pigment grinding.
  • the waterborne basecoats used in the process according to the invention can contain further paint additives in conventional paint quantities, for example between 0.1 and 5% by weight, based on their solids content.
  • further additives are neutralizing agents, anti-foaming agents, wetting agents, adhesion-promoting substances, catalysts, leveling agents, anti-cratering agents, light stabilizers and thickeners such as, for example, synthetic polymers with ionic and / or associative groups such as polyvinyl alcohol, poly (meth) acrylamide, poly (meth) acrylic acid , Polyvinylpyrrolidone, hydrophobically modified ethoxylated polyurethanes or polyacrylates, crosslinked or uncrosslinked polymer microparticles.
  • the organic solvent in the waterborne basecoats preferably consists of 30 up to 60% by weight of low-boiling, for example preferably below 120 ° C. boiling, miscible with water or without a miscibility gap, for example one Water solubility at 20 ° C of more than 70 g per liter of water, organic solvents.
  • Such organic ones are preferably selected Solvents from methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, 2-butanol, Isobutanol, methoxypropanol, methyl ethyl ketone, acetone or mixtures thereof; n- and isopropanol are particularly preferred.
  • Water-based paints used in the process may be present, and preferably 40 to 70 Make up% by weight of the organic solvent composition in the waterborne basecoat are monohydric alcohols with 5 and more carbon atoms, e.g. Hexanol; Ethylene glycol ether or ester, e.g. Ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, Diethylene glycol mono- or di-C1-C6-alkyl ether, butyl glycol, butyl diglycol, Ethyl glycol acetate, butyl glycol acetate; Propylene glycol ether or ester, e.g.
  • monohydric alcohols with 5 and more carbon atoms e.g. Hexanol
  • Ethylene glycol ether or ester e.g. Ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, Diethylene glycol mono- or di-C1-C6-alkyl ether, butyl glycol, butyl diglycol, Ethyl glycol a
  • the water-based paints are applied to motor vehicle bodies, which can consist of one type of substrate or of several types of substrates connected to one another in a mixed construction.
  • it is metallic or plastic substrates.
  • plastic substrates can be provided with a plastic primer, for example, metallic substrates generally have a primer applied, for example, electrophoretically and, if appropriate, additionally one or more further lacquer layers, such as a filler layer.
  • the water-based varnishes are by spraying in one or more coats to a dry film thickness of 10 to 50 ⁇ m is applied, for effect water-based paints the dry film thickness is, for example, preferably 10 to 25 ⁇ m, for single-color aqueous base lacquers it is preferably higher, for example from 15 to 40 ⁇ m .
  • Waterborne basecoat and clearcoat are applied in the invention Process according to the known wet-on-wet principle, i.e. those from the aqueous Basecoat coating agent applied basecoat is applied before the application of the The clear coat is first pre-dried by flashing off.
  • the invention Pre-drying by ventilation is important so that the finished two-coat finish both the requirements on the technological properties such as Adhesion and stone chip resistance as well as to the optical properties such as For example, color, effect formation and top coat level met.
  • aqueous basecoat coating agents used in the process according to the invention it is essential to the invention that one from the aqueous basecoat created basecoat layers after application and before application of the transparent Top coat layer 30 to 180 seconds with air circulation from 25 to 45 ° C with a Air flow rate from 0.10 to 0.70 m / s, based on that with the aqueous Basecoat provided surface, vented.
  • the applied waterborne basecoat is flashed off in the Basecoat flash-off zone of automotive OEM painting and lasts 30 to 180 Seconds, preferably 60 to 150 seconds. This time period results, for example from the overall length of the basecoat flash-off zone of the automotive OEM painting system from for example 5 to 15 m and the belt speed of for example 2 to 6 m / min.
  • the ventilation takes place under recirculating air conditions Air temperatures of 25 to 45 ° C, preferably 30 to 40 ° C.
  • the ambient air conditions are chosen so that with a coated with an aqueous basecoat Surface air flow rate from 0.10 to 0.70 m / s, preferably 0.15 to 0.60 m / s is worked.
  • the surface coated with an aqueous basecoat The air flow obtained is calculated as the quotient of the per second through the Exhaust zone the air volume in cubic meters and that in the exhaust zone existing surface coated with aqueous basecoat and to be vented, for example on the order of 20 to 150 square meters. That in Process according to the invention through the vented air volume is, for example, 1 to 2 cubic meters per running meter of ventilation zone and Second.
  • the one in the flash-off zone is coated with an aqueous basecoat and surface to be ventilated is calculated from the number of in the basecoat flash-off zone coated motor vehicle bodies, e.g.
  • the air is vented under circulating air conditions.
  • the circulating air 5 to 15 g of water per cubic meter having.
  • the fresh air contains preferably less than 15 g, particularly preferably 5 to 12 g of water per cubic meter.
  • the adjustment of the water content of the admixed fresh air can be done by conventional means Dehumidification methods such as Compression of air and / or condensation or absorption of water from air.
  • the circulating air is expediently at a flow rate of 4 to 8 m / s, measured on the object, moved. It is preferably a turbulent air flow from top to bottom and from the sides to the with of the body to be ventilated is provided.
  • the air duct expediently takes place evenly and perpendicularly to the air to be vented Basecoat. The air is expediently extracted downwards.
  • the flash-off zone can be under constant operating conditions or under variation single or multiple operating parameters can be operated.
  • the variation of Operating parameters can take the form of a continuous or abrupt change over the entire length or one or more parts of the length of the Flash off zone.
  • the venting zone can be in one or more, for example 1 to 3 zones can be divided, which can be separated from one another by locks.
  • the variation of the operating parameters during the ventilation always lies within the limits set by the invention for the whole ventilating process.
  • the venting zone in 2nd Zones is divided, with the bodies coated with water-based paint first in the first zone at low air temperatures, for example from 25 to 30 ° C, and then in the second zone at higher air temperatures, for example 30 ventilated up to 45 ° C;
  • the air throughput can be, for example, in both Zones are selected to be the same height or different, for example in the first Zone lower than in the second, for example, the measured on the object Circulating air flow velocity in the second zone above 8 m / s lie.
  • the average air flow rate however, within that of the invention predetermined limits.
  • the pre-dried by flashing off the water base coat layers are overcoated with a conventional m chemically cross-linking clear coat in a dry layer thickness of, for example 30 to 100 ⁇ and baked together with the latter at temperatures of, for example 100 to 150 ° C.
  • An advantage of the method according to the invention results from the low air temperatures that prevail during the ventilation of the water-based lacquer layers. It is thus possible for the flashed-off basecoat layers to be overpainted with a clear lacquer without the bodies having cooled down beforehand.
  • all known clearcoats or transparent pigmented coating agents are suitable as clearcoats.
  • Solvent-containing one-component (1K) or two-component (2K) clearcoats, water-dilutable 1K or 2K clearcoats, powder clearcoats or aqueous powder clearcoat slurries can be used.
  • the stoving conditions of the two-coat system consisting of waterborne basecoat and clearcoat depend on the clearcoat system used.
  • the method according to the invention allows the production of two layers Motor vehicle topcoats made from aqueous basecoat and clearcoat according to the wet-on-wet method with only short flash-off times from 30 to 180 seconds for the basecoat film. It is with the method according to the invention possible to apply waterborne basecoats in automated automotive painting systems are designed for the processing of non-aqueous basecoats and only short Allow flash-off times for the basecoat layers to be processed. An elaborate Conversion of such unsuitable for the processing of aqueous basecoats Painting systems can be avoided.
  • the method according to the invention can even be carried out in this way be that both the Waterborne basecoats as well as non-aqueous basecoats can be processed.
  • a car body is coated in a painting booth for experimental purposes:
  • a cathodic electrodeposition primed and provided with a filler layer 4.3 m long car chassis is in a dry film thickness of 15 ⁇ m with a silver-colored water-based paint (composition: Solids content 20 wt .-%, dimethylethanolamine 1 wt .-%, butylglycol 8.5 % By weight, N-methylpyrrolidone 2% by weight, water 59% by weight, n-propanol 7% by weight, n-butanol 2.5% by weight, high solid value: 50%; Pigment / binder ratio: 0.2: 1) coated.
  • the coated area is approximately 20 square meters.
  • the mixture is then vented in a 5 m long ventilation zone with circulating air (water content 12 g per cubic meter) of 40 ° C for 90 s.
  • the air circulation rate is 1.5 cubic meters per second and running meter of ventilation zone.
  • venting is m painted and baked 30 minutes at 135 ° C (object temperature) with a commercial two-component clear coat in a dry film thickness of 35 ⁇ .
  • the paint obtained is cooker-free and corresponds to the others technological requirements of modern automotive painting.

Abstract

A process for producing a two-layer coat on a motor vehicle body in an automatic motor vehicle series lacquering unit. The process comprises the steps of applying an aqueous base lacquer coating composition to the motor vehicle body, exposing the aqueous base lacquer coating to a circulating air at 25 to 45° C. having an air throughout of 0.10 to 0.70 m/s for 30 to 180 seconds, applying a transparent finishing lacquer layer of a clear lacquer coating composition to the aqueous base lacquer layer, and baking the aqueous base lacquer and transparent finishing lacquer layer.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung zweischichtiger Automobildecklackierungen aus Basislackschicht und Klarlackdeckschicht. Ein solches ist z.B. aus des GB-A-2 233 257 bekannt.The invention relates to a method for producing two-layer Automotive top coats made of basecoat and clearcoat topcoat. One is e.g. known from GB-A-2 233 257.

Zweischichtige Automobildecklackierungen werden hergestellt durch Naß-in-naß-Applikation einer transparenten Decklackschicht auf eine durch Ablüften vorgetrocknete farb- und/oder effektgebende Basislackschicht. Dabei werden in den jeweiligen Lackieranlagen der einzelnen Fahrzeughersteller entweder nichtwäßrige oder wäßrige Basislacke zur Erstellung der farb- und/oder effektgebenden Basislackschicht verwendet. Die nichtwäßrigen Basislacke enthalten organische Lösemittel in der Größenordnung beispielsweise von 55 bis 80 Gew.-%, während die wäßrigen Basislacke nur beispielsweise 10 bis 25 Gew.-% organische Lösemittel enthalten. Aus Umweltschutzgründen geht der Trend daher in Richtung einer Substitution von Basislacken auf Basis organischer Lösemittel durch wäßrige Basislacke. Beispielsweise werden ältere Lackieranlagen, in denen nichtwäßrige Basislacke verarbeitet werden, durch neue für die Verarbeitung von Wasserbasislacken konstruierte Lackieranlagen ersetzt.Two-coat automotive top coats are produced by wet-on-wet application a transparent top coat on one by flashing pre-dried color and / or effect basecoat. Thereby in the painting systems of the individual vehicle manufacturers either non-aqueous or aqueous basecoats to create the color and / or effect Basecoat used. The non-aqueous basecoats contain organic Solvents in the order of, for example, from 55 to 80 wt .-%, while the aqueous basecoats only, for example, 10 to 25% by weight of organic solvents contain. For environmental reasons, the trend is therefore towards one Substitution of basecoats based on organic solvents by aqueous Basecoats. For example, older paint shops in which non-aqueous Basecoats are processed by new ones for processing Water-based paints designed painting systems replaced.

Die Ablüftbedingungen für Basislackschichten in Lackieranlagen für die Applikation von Basislacken auf Basis organischer Lösemittel sind andere als die in Lackieranlagen, welche speziell für die Applikation von Wasserbasislacken ausgelegt sind. In für die Applikation von Basislacken auf Basis organischer Lösemittel ausgelegten Lackieranlagen herrschen Ablüftbedingungen, die gekennzeichnet sind durch kurze Ablüftzeiten von beispielsweise 30 bis 180 Sekunden bei Lufttemperaturen von beispielsweise 20 bis 30°C. Wasserbasislacke benötigen längere Ablüftzeiten bei höheren Lufttemperaturen, um den Ablüftvorgang mit dem Ergebnis der Erzeugung eines vorgetrockneten Basislackfilms abzuschließen. In Lackieranlagen für die Applikation von wäßrigen Basislacken betragen die Ablüftzeiten daher beispielsweise 5 bis 10 Minuten und die während des Ablüftens herrschenden Lufttemperaturen sind mit beispielsweise 40 bis 80°C höher. Beispielsweise werden aus wäßrigen Basislacken applizierte Überzugsschichten zwecks ausreichender, für die anschließende Naß-in-Naß-Applikation eines Klarlacküberzugsmittels geeigneter Vortrocknung zunächst 1 bis 2 Minuten bei 20 bis 40°C und anschließend 3 bis 5 Minuten mit Warmluft von 40 bis 80°C abgelüftet. Die kurzen Ablüftzeiten in für die Applikation von Basislacken auf Basis organischer Lösemittel ausgelegten Lackieranlagen ergeben sich als Folge der nur kurzen Baulänge des Ablüftbereichs und der durch das Produktionssoll des Karossenbeschichtungsprozesses vorgegebenen Bandgeschwindigkeit. Im Falle von Basislacken auf Basis organischer Lösemittel reichen diese kurzen Ablüftzeiten aus, um den Ablüftvorgang mit dem Ergebnis der Erzeugung eines vorgetrockneten Basislackfilms abzuschließen, für Wasserbasislacke ist dies nicht der Fall. Die Verarbeitung wäßriger Basislacke innerhalb von Lackieranlagen, die nur kurze Ablüftzeiten ermöglichen, ist daher ausgeschlossen.The flash-off conditions for basecoat layers in painting systems for the application of basecoats based on organic solvents are different from those in Painting systems specially designed for the application of waterborne basecoats are. In for the application of basecoats based on organic solvents designed painting systems, there are ventilation conditions, which are marked due to short flash-off times of, for example, 30 to 180 seconds Air temperatures of, for example, 20 to 30 ° C. Waterborne basecoats take longer Flash-off times at higher air temperatures to result in the flash-off process complete the production of a pre-dried basecoat film. In paint shops for the application of aqueous basecoats, the flash-off times are therefore for example 5 to 10 minutes and the time during the drying Air temperatures are higher, for example at 40 to 80 ° C. For example coating layers applied from aqueous basecoats for the purpose of sufficient Subsequent wet-on-wet application of a clear lacquer coating agent more suitable Predrying first at 20 to 40 ° C for 1 to 2 minutes and then 3 to 5 Minutes with warm air from 40 to 80 ° C. The short flash-off times in for the Application of basecoats designed based on organic solvents Painting systems are the result of the short length of the ventilation area and the one specified by the production target of the body coating process Belt speed. In the case of basecoats based on organic solvents these short flash-off times are sufficient to complete the flash-off process with the result of Complete generation of a pre-dried basecoat film for waterborne basecoats this is not the case. The processing of aqueous basecoats within Painting systems that only allow short flash-off times are therefore excluded.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist die Bereitstellung eines Verfahrens zur Herstellung zweischichtiger Kraftfahrzeugdecklackierungen durch Naß-in-Naß-Applikation eines wäßrigen Basislacküberzugsmittels und eines Klarlacküberzugsmittels unter Gewährung nur kurzer Ablüftzeiten von beispielsweise 30 bis 180 Sekunden für die Basislackschicht. Insbesondere soll das Verfahren ermöglichen, wäßrige Basislacke in automatisierten Kraftfahrzeugserienlackieranlagen zu verarbeiten, die für die Verarbeitung nichtwäßriger Basislacke ausgelegt sind und nur kurze Ablüftzeiten für die Basislackschichten zulassen.The object of the invention is to provide a method for manufacturing two-coat automotive top coats by wet-on-wet application of one aqueous basecoat and a clearcoat under Granting of short flash-off times of, for example, 30 to 180 seconds for the Basecoat. In particular, the method should enable aqueous basecoats in to process automated automotive OEM painting systems for the Processing of non-aqueous basecoats are designed and only short flash-off times for allow the basecoat layers.

Die Lösung der Aufgabe gelingt durch Einhaltung der nachstehenden Bedingungen bei der Rezeptierung wäßriger Basislacküberzugsmittel und Einhaltung der nachstehenden Verfahrensbedingungen während des Ablüftens der aus diesen wäßrigen Basislacküberzugsmitteln applizierten Überzugsschichten.The task can be solved by observing the following conditions the formulation of aqueous basecoat coatings and compliance with the following Process conditions during the flashing off of these aqueous Basecoat coating agents applied coating layers.

Gegenstand der Erfindung ist daher ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer zweischichtigen farb- und/oder effektgebenden Decklackierung auf Kraftfahrzeugkarossen in einer automatischen Kraftfahrzeugserienlackieranlage, wobei man eine transparente Decklackschicht aus einem Klarlacküberzugsmittel auf eine aus einem wäßrigen farb- und/oder effektgebenden Basislacküberzugsmittel applizierte und abgelüftete Basislackschicht aufbringt und die beiden Überzugsschichten gemeinsam einbrennt, das dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß man ein wäßriges Basislacküberzugsmittel verwendet, welches organische Lösemittel entsprechend einem high solid-Wert von 40 bis 70 % enthält, und wobei man die Basislackschicht nach ihrer Applikation und vor Auftrag der transparenten Decklackschicht 30 bis 180 Sekunden mit Umluft von 25 bis 45°C mit einem Luftdurchsatz von 0,10 bis 0,70 m/s, bezogen auf die mit der wäßrigen Basislackschicht versehene Oberfläche, ablüftet.The invention therefore relates to a method for producing a two-layer color and / or effect top coat Motor vehicle bodies in an automatic automotive painting system, wherein a transparent top coat layer from a clear lacquer coating agent onto one an aqueous color and / or effect basecoat and applied flashed-off basecoat and the two coating layers together branding, which is characterized in that an aqueous Basecoat coating agent used, which organic solvent accordingly contains a high solid value of 40 to 70%, and taking the basecoat film after their application and before application of the transparent top coat layer 30 to 180 Seconds with circulating air from 25 to 45 ° C with an air flow from 0.10 to 0.70 m / s, based on the surface provided with the aqueous basecoat film, vented.

Erfindungsgemäß werden wäßrige Basislacküberzugsmittel eingesetzt. Beispielsweise enthalten sie neben Wasser jeweils ein oder mehrere übliche Bindemittel, organische Lösemittel und Pigmente sowie gegebenenfalls Füllstoffe, Vernetzer und/oder lackübliche Additive. Die im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren eingesetzten wäßrigen Basislacküberzugsmittel besitzen beispielsweise Gewichtsfestkörpergehalte von 15 bis 50 Gew.-%, für Effektwasserbasislacke liegt er beispielsweise bevorzugt bei 15 bis 30 Gew.-%, für unifarbige Wasserbasislacke liegt er bevorzugt höher, beispielsweise bei 20 bis 45 Gew.-%. Der Gewichtsfestkörper der wäßrigen Basislacküberzugsmittel wird gebildet aus der Summe der Festkörperbeiträge der Bindemittel, Pigmente, Füllstoffe, Vernetzer und nichtflüchtigen lacküblichen Additive. Das Gewichtsverhältnis von Pigment zu Bindemittel im wäßrigen Basislacküberzugsmittel beträgt beispielsweise zwischen 0,05 : 1 bis 3 : 1, für Effektwasserbasislacke liegt es beispielsweise bevorzugt bei 0,1 : 1 bis 0,6 : 1, für unifarbige Wasserbasislacke liegt es bevorzugt höher, beispielsweise bei 0,1 : 1 bis 2,5 : 1, jeweils bezogen auf das Festkörpergewicht. Bei der Berechnung des Verhältnisses von Pigment zu Bindemittel wird die Summe der Gewichtsanteile von farbgebenden Pigmenten, Effektpigmenten und Füllstoffen in Beziehung gesetzt zur Summe der Gewichtsanteile von Bindemittel-, Pastenharz- und Vernetzerfestkörper im fertigen Wasserbasislack.According to the invention, aqueous basecoat coating compositions are used. For example In addition to water, they each contain one or more conventional binders, organic Solvents and pigments and optionally fillers, crosslinkers and / or customary paint additives. The aqueous used in the process according to the invention Basecoat coatings, for example, have weight solids contents of 15 to 50% by weight, for effect waterborne basecoats it is preferably 15 to 30, for example % By weight, for plain-colored water-based paints it is preferably higher, for example 20 to 45% by weight. The weight solids of the aqueous basecoat coating compositions is formed from the sum of the solid contributions of the binders, pigments, Fillers, crosslinkers and non-volatile additives common in paint. The Weight ratio of pigment to binder in the aqueous basecoat coating composition is, for example, between 0.05: 1 to 3: 1, for effect water-based paints it is for example preferably 0.1: 1 to 0.6: 1, for plain-colored water-based paints it is preferably higher, for example at 0.1: 1 to 2.5: 1, in each case based on the Solid weight. When calculating the ratio of pigment to binder is the sum of the parts by weight of coloring pigments, effect pigments and fillers related to the sum of the weight percentages of binder, Paste resin and crosslinker solids in the finished water-based paint.

Neben den erfindungsgemäß einzuhaltenden Ablüftbedingungen für die Basislackschicht, die nachstehend erläutert werden, ist es erfindungswesentlich, daß die im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren eingesetzten wäßrigen Basislacküberzugsmittel einen high solid-Wert von 40 bis 70 % aufweisen. Im Falle von Effektwasserbasislacken liegt er beispielsweise bei 40 bis 60 %, bei unifarbigen Wasserbasislacken liegt er beispielsweise bei 40 bis 70%. Der high solid-Wert der wäßrigen Basislacküberzugsmittel berechnet sich nach der Formel Festkörpergehalt in Gew.-% x 100 % Festkörpergehalt in Gew.-% + Gehalt organischer Lösemittel in Gew.-%. In addition to the flash-off conditions to be observed for the basecoat film, which are explained below, it is essential to the invention that the aqueous basecoat coating compositions used in the process according to the invention have a high solid value of 40 to 70%. In the case of effect waterborne basecoats it is, for example, 40 to 60%, in the case of plain-colored waterborne basecoats it is, for example, 40 to 70%. The high solid value of the aqueous basecoat coating compositions is calculated using the formula Solids content in% by weight x 100% Solids content in% by weight + content of organic solvents in% by weight.

Lösemittelgehalt und Festkörpergehalt sind daher so abzustimmen, daß sich entsprechend der vorstehenden Formel ein high solid-Wert von 40 bis 70 % ergibt.Solvent content and solids content must therefore be coordinated so that according to the above formula gives a high solid value of 40 to 70%.

Die im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren eingesetzten Wasserbasislacke enthalten übliche ionisch oder nicht-ionisch stabilisierte Bindemittelsysteme. Diese sind bevorzugt anionisch und/oder nicht-ionisch stabilisiert. Anionische Stabilisierung wird bevorzugt erreicht durch zumindest partiell neutralisierte Carboxylgruppen im Bindemittel, während nicht-ionische Stabilisierung bevorzugt durch laterale oder terminale Polyethylenoxideinheiten im Bindemittel erreicht wird. Die Wasserbasislacke können physikalisch trocknender Natur sein oder unter Ausbildung kovalenter Bindungen vernetzbar sein. Bei den unter Ausbildung kovalenter Bindungen vernetzenden Wasserbasislacken kann es sich um selbst- oder fremdvernetzende Systeme handeln. Im letzteren Fall kann es sich um ein- oder mehrkomponentige Wasserbasislacke handeln.The waterborne basecoats used in the process according to the invention contain customary ones Binder systems stabilized ionically or non-ionically. These are preferred anionically and / or non-ionically stabilized. Anionic stabilization is preferred achieved by at least partially neutralized carboxyl groups in the binder, while non-ionic stabilization preferred by lateral or terminal Polyethylene oxide units in the binder is achieved. The water-based paints can be physically drying in nature or crosslinkable to form covalent bonds his. In the case of crosslinking with the formation of covalent bonds Waterborne basecoats can be self- or externally crosslinking systems. In the latter case, it can be one-component or multi-component water-based paints act.

Die im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren eingesetzten Wasserbasislacke enthalten ein oder mehrere übliche filmbildende Bindemittel. Sie können, falls die Bindemittel nicht selbstvernetzend oder selbsttrocknend sind, gegebenenfalls auch Vernetzer enthalten. Sowohl die Bindemittel- als auch die gegebenenfalls enthaltene Vernetzerkomponente unterliegt keinerlei Beschränkung. Als filmbildende Bindemittel können beispielsweise übliche Polyester-, Polyurethan- und/oder Poly(meth)acrylatharze verwendet werden. Die Auswahl der gegebenenfalls enthaltenen Vernetzer ist unkritisch, sie richtet sich in dem Fachmann geläufiger Weise nach der Funktionalität der Bindemittel. The waterborne basecoats used in the process according to the invention contain a or several common film-forming binders. You can if the binders don't are self-crosslinking or self-drying, optionally also contain crosslinking agents. Both the binder component and the crosslinker component which may be present is not subject to any limitation. As film-forming binders, for example Usual polyester, polyurethane and / or poly (meth) acrylate resins can be used. The selection of the crosslinking agents which may be present is not critical, it is directed in a manner familiar to the person skilled in the art according to the functionality of the binders.

Die im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren eingesetzten Wasserbasislacke enthalten farb-und/oder effektgebende Pigmente und gegebenenfalls Füllstoffe. Beispiele für farbgebende anorganische oder organische Pigmente und Füllstoffe sind Titandioxid, mikronisiertes Titandioxid, Eisenoxidpigmente, Ruß, Siliciumdioxid, Bariumsulfat, mikronisierter Glimmer, Talkum, Kaolin, Kreide, Schichtsilikate, Azopigmente, Phthalocyaninpigmente, Chinacridonpigmente, Pyrrolopyrrolpigmente, Perylenpigmente. Beispiele für effektgebende Pigmente sind Metallpigmente, z.B. aus Aluminium, Kupfer oder anderen Metallen; Interferenzpigmente wie z.B. metalloxidbeschichtete Metallpigmente, z.B. titandioxidbeschichtetes Aluminium, beschichtete Glimmer wie z.B. titandioxidbeschichteter Glimmer, Graphiteffektpigmente, plättchenförmiges Eisenoxid, plättchenförmige Kupferphthalocyaninpigmente.The waterborne basecoats used in the process according to the invention contain color and / or effect pigments and optionally fillers. examples for coloring inorganic or organic pigments and fillers are titanium dioxide, micronized titanium dioxide, iron oxide pigments, carbon black, silicon dioxide, barium sulfate, micronized mica, talc, kaolin, chalk, layered silicates, azo pigments, Phthalocyanine pigments, quinacridone pigments, pyrrolopyrrole pigments, Perylene pigments. Examples of effect pigments are metal pigments, e.g. out Aluminum, copper or other metals; Interference pigments such as metal oxide coated metal pigments, e.g. titanium dioxide coated aluminum, coated mica such as titanium dioxide coated mica, Graphite effect pigments, platelet-shaped iron oxide, platelet-shaped Copper phthalocyanine pigments.

Effektpigmente werden im allgemeinen in Form einer handelsüblichen wäßrigen oder nicht-wäßrigen Paste vorgelegt, gegebenenfalls mit bevorzugt wasserverdünnbaren organischen Lösemitteln und Additiven versetzt und danach mit wäßrigem Bindemittel unter Scheren vermischt. Pulverförmige Effektpigmente können zunächst mit bevorzugt wasserverdünnbaren organischen Lösemitteln und Additiven zu einer Paste verarbeitet werden.
Farbpigmente und/oder Füllstoffe können beispielsweise in einem Teil des wäßrigen Bindemittels angerieben werden. Bevorzugt kann das Anreiben auch in einem speziellen wasserverdünnbaren Pastenharz geschehen. Das Anreiben kann in üblichen, dem Fachmann bekannten Aggregaten erfolgen. Danach wird mit dem restlichen Anteil des wäßrigen Bindemittels oder des wäßrigen Pastenharzes zur fertigen Farbpigmentanreibung komplettiert.
Die im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren eingesetzten Wasserbasislacke können weitere lackübliche Additive in lacküblichen Mengen, beispielsweise zwischen 0,1 und 5 Gew.-%, bezogen auf ihren Festkörpergehalt, enthalten. Beispiele für solche weitere Additive sind Neutralisationsmittel, Antischaummittel, Netzmittel, haftvermittelnde Substanzen, Katalysatoren, Verlaufsmittel, Antikratermittel, Lichtschutzmittel und Verdicker wie beispielsweise synthetische Polymere mit ionischen und/oder assoziativ wirkenden Gruppen wie Polyvinylalkohol, Poly(meth)acrylamid, Poly(meth)acrylsäure, Polyvinylpyrrolidon, hydrophob modifizierte ethoxylierte Polyurethane oder Polyacrylate, vernetzte oder unvernetzte Polymermikroteilchen.Effect pigments are generally presented in the form of a commercially available aqueous or non-aqueous paste, optionally mixed with preferably water-dilutable organic solvents and additives and then mixed with an aqueous binder under scissors. Powdery effect pigments can first be processed into a paste with preferably water-dilutable organic solvents and additives.
Color pigments and / or fillers can be rubbed, for example, in part of the aqueous binder. The rubbing can preferably also take place in a special water-thinnable paste resin. Grinding can be carried out in conventional units known to those skilled in the art. Then complete with the remaining portion of the aqueous binder or the aqueous paste resin for finished pigment pigment grinding.
The waterborne basecoats used in the process according to the invention can contain further paint additives in conventional paint quantities, for example between 0.1 and 5% by weight, based on their solids content. Examples of such further additives are neutralizing agents, anti-foaming agents, wetting agents, adhesion-promoting substances, catalysts, leveling agents, anti-cratering agents, light stabilizers and thickeners such as, for example, synthetic polymers with ionic and / or associative groups such as polyvinyl alcohol, poly (meth) acrylamide, poly (meth) acrylic acid , Polyvinylpyrrolidone, hydrophobically modified ethoxylated polyurethanes or polyacrylates, crosslinked or uncrosslinked polymer microparticles.

Die im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren eingesetzten Wasserbasislacke enthalten organische Lösemittel, deren Mengenanteil so bemessen ist, daß die Wasserbasislacke high solid-Werte von 40 bis 70 % aufweisen, beispielsweise enthalten die Wasserbasislacke 20 bis 30 Gew.-% organische Lösemittel. Die Zusammensetzung der organischen Lösemittel in den Wasserbasislacken besteht dabei bevorzugt zu 30 bis 60 Gew.-% aus niedrigsiedenden, beispielsweise bevorzugt unter 120°C siedenden, mit Wasser gut oder ohne Mischungslücke mischbaren, beispielsweise eine Wasserlöslichkeit bei 20°C von mehr als 70 g pro Liter Wasser aufweisenden, organischen Lösemitteln. Bevorzugt erfolgt die Auswahl solcher organischen Lösemittel aus Methanol, Ethanol, n-Propanol, Isopropanol, n-Butanol, 2-Butanol, Isobutanol, Methoxypropanol, Methylethylketon, Aceton oder deren Mischungen; insbesondere bevorzugt sind n- und Isopropanol.Contain the waterborne basecoats used in the process according to the invention organic solvents, the proportion of which is such that the water-based paints have high solid values of 40 to 70%, for example they contain Water-based paints 20 to 30 wt .-% organic solvents. The composition The organic solvent in the waterborne basecoats preferably consists of 30 up to 60% by weight of low-boiling, for example preferably below 120 ° C. boiling, miscible with water or without a miscibility gap, for example one Water solubility at 20 ° C of more than 70 g per liter of water, organic solvents. Such organic ones are preferably selected Solvents from methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, 2-butanol, Isobutanol, methoxypropanol, methyl ethyl ketone, acetone or mixtures thereof; n- and isopropanol are particularly preferred.

Beispiele für weitere organische Lösemittel, die in den im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren eingesetzten Wasserbasislacken enthalten sein und bevorzugt 40 bis 70 Gew.-% der organischen Lösemittelzusammensetzung im Wasserbasislack ausmachen können, sind einwertige Alkohole mit 5 und mehr C-Atomen, z.B. Hexanol; Ethylenglykolether oder -ester, z.B. Ethylenglykoldimethylether, Diethylenglykolmono- oder di-C1-C6-alkylether, Butylglykol, Butyldiglykol, Ethylglykolacetat, Butylglykolacetat; Propylenglykolether oder -ester, z.B. Propylenglykoldimethylether, Dipropylenglykolmono- oder -di-C1-C6-alkylether, Ethoxypropanol, Propoxypropanol, Butoxypropanol, Methoxypropylacetat, Ethoxypropylacetat; Ethylenglykol, Propylenglykol, und deren Di- oder Trimere, N-Alkylpyrrolidone, z.B. N-Methylpyrrolidon; Ketone, z.B. Cyclohexanon; aromatische oder aliphatische Kohlenwasserstoffe, z.B. Toluol, Xylol oder lineare oder verzweigte aliphatische C6 - C12-Kohlenwasserstoffe. Examples of further organic solvents which are used in the in the invention Water-based paints used in the process may be present, and preferably 40 to 70 Make up% by weight of the organic solvent composition in the waterborne basecoat are monohydric alcohols with 5 and more carbon atoms, e.g. Hexanol; Ethylene glycol ether or ester, e.g. Ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, Diethylene glycol mono- or di-C1-C6-alkyl ether, butyl glycol, butyl diglycol, Ethyl glycol acetate, butyl glycol acetate; Propylene glycol ether or ester, e.g. Propylene glycol dimethyl ether, dipropylene glycol mono- or di-C1-C6-alkyl ether, Ethoxypropanol, propoxypropanol, butoxypropanol, methoxypropylacetate, Ethoxypropylacetate; Ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and their di- or trimers, N-alkylpyrrolidones, e.g. N-methylpyrrolidone; Ketones, e.g. Cyclohexanone; aromatic or aliphatic hydrocarbons, e.g. Toluene, xylene or linear or branched C6 - C12 aliphatic hydrocarbons.

Die Wasserbasislacke werden im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren auf Kraftfahrzeugkarossen aufgebracht, die aus einer Substratart oder aus mehreren in Mischbauweise miteinander verbundenen Arten von Substraten bestehen können. Im allgemeinen handelt es sich um metallische oder Kunststoff-Untergründe. Diese sind in der Regel vorbeschichtet, d.h. Kunststoffsubstrate können z.B. mit einer Kunststoffgrundierung versehen sein, metallische Substrate besitzen im allgemeinen eine beispielsweise elektrophoretisch aufgebrachte Grundierung und gegebenenfalls zusätzlich eine oder mehrere weitere Lackschichten, wie z.B. eine Füllerschicht. Die Wasserbasislacke werden durch Spritzen in einem oder mehreren Spritzgängen in einer Trockenschichtdicke von 10 bis 50 µm appliziert, für Effektwasserbasislacke liegt die Trockenschichtdicke beispielsweise bevorzugt bei 10 bis 25 µm, für unifarbige Wasserbasislacke liegt sie bevorzugt höher, beispielsweise bei 15 bis 40 µm.In the process according to the invention, the water-based paints are applied to motor vehicle bodies, which can consist of one type of substrate or of several types of substrates connected to one another in a mixed construction. In general, it is metallic or plastic substrates. These are generally precoated, ie plastic substrates can be provided with a plastic primer, for example, metallic substrates generally have a primer applied, for example, electrophoretically and, if appropriate, additionally one or more further lacquer layers, such as a filler layer. The water-based varnishes are by spraying in one or more coats to a dry film thickness of 10 to 50 μ m is applied, for effect water-based paints the dry film thickness is, for example, preferably 10 to 25 μ m, for single-color aqueous base lacquers it is preferably higher, for example from 15 to 40 μ m .

Die Applikation von Wasserbasislack und Klarlack erfolgt im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren nach dem bekannten Naß-in-Naß-Prinzip, d.h. die aus dem wäßrigen Basislacküberzugsmittel applizierte Basislackschicht wird vor dem Aufbringen des Klarlacküberzugs zunächst durch Ablüften vorgetrocknet. Die erfindungsgemäße Vortrocknung durch Ablüften ist wichtig, damit die fertige Zweischichtlackierung sowohl die Anforderungen an die technologischen Eigenschaften wie beispielsweise Haftung und Steinschlagfestigkeit als auch an die optischen Eigenschaften wie beispielsweise Farbton, Effektausbildung und Decklackstand erfüllt.Waterborne basecoat and clearcoat are applied in the invention Process according to the known wet-on-wet principle, i.e. those from the aqueous Basecoat coating agent applied basecoat is applied before the application of the The clear coat is first pre-dried by flashing off. The invention Pre-drying by ventilation is important so that the finished two-coat finish both the requirements on the technological properties such as Adhesion and stone chip resistance as well as to the optical properties such as For example, color, effect formation and top coat level met.

Neben den vorstehend erläuterten einzuhaltenden Bedingungen bei der Rezeptierung der im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren eingesetzten wäßrigen Basislacküberzugsmittel ist es erfindungswesentlich, daß man die aus den wäßrigen Basislacküberzugsmitteln erstellten Basislackschichten nach der Applikation und vor Auftrag der transparenten Decklackschicht 30 bis 180 Sekunden mit Umluft von 25 bis 45°C mit einem Luftdurchsatz von 0,10 bis 0,70 m/s, bezogen auf die mit der wäßrigen Basislackschicht versehene Oberfläche, ablüftet.In addition to the above-mentioned conditions to be observed during formulation of the aqueous basecoat coating agents used in the process according to the invention it is essential to the invention that one from the aqueous basecoat created basecoat layers after application and before application of the transparent Top coat layer 30 to 180 seconds with air circulation from 25 to 45 ° C with a Air flow rate from 0.10 to 0.70 m / s, based on that with the aqueous Basecoat provided surface, vented.

Das Ablüften der applizierten Wasserbasislackschicht geschieht in der Basislackablüftzone der Kraftfahrzeugserienlackierung und dauert 30 bis 180 Sekunden, bevorzugt 60 bis 150 Sekunden. Diese Zeitdauer ergibt sich beispielsweise aus der Baulänge der Basislackablüftzone der Kraftfahrzeugserienlackieranlage von beispielsweise 5 bis 15 m und der dort herrschenden Bandgeschwindigkeit von beispielsweise 2 bis 6 m/min. Das Ablüften geschieht unter Umluftbedingungen bei Lufttemperaturen von 25 bis 45°C, bevorzugt 30 bis 40°C. Die Umluftbedingungen werden so gewählt, daß mit einem auf die mit wäßrigem Basislack beschichtete Oberfläche bezogenen Luftdurchsatz von 0,10 bis 0,70 m/s, bevorzugt 0,15 bis 0,60 m/s gearbeitet wird. Der auf die mit wäßrigem Basislack beschichtete Oberfläche bezogene Luftdurchsatz berechnet sich als Quotient aus dem pro Sekunde durch die Ablüftzone durchgesetzten Luftvolumen in Kubikmeter und der in der Ablüftzone befindlichen mit wäßrigem Basislack beschichteten und abzulüftenden Oberfläche, beispielsweise in der Größenordnung von 20 bis 150 Quadratmeter. Das im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren durch die Ablüftzone durchgesetzte Luftvolumen beträgt beispielsweise 1 bis 2 Kubikmeter pro laufenden Meter Ablüftzone und Sekunde. Die in der Ablüftzone befindliche mit wäßrigem Basislack beschichtete und abzulüftende Oberfläche errechnet sich aus der Anzahl der in der Basislackablüftzone zugleich befindlichen beschichteten Kraftfahrzeugkarossen, z.B. 1 bis 3 Karossen, und der mit wäßrigem Basislack beschichteten und abzulüftenden Oberfläche der jeweiligen Karosse in Quadratmeter, beispielsweise in der Größenordnung von 15 bis 35 Quadratmeter im PKW-Bereich oder 20 bis 65 Quadratmeter im Nutzfahrzeugbereich. Der Ausdruck "mit wäßrigem Basislack beschichtete und abzulüftende Oberfläche einer einzelnen Karosse" bedeutet dabei nicht nur die anschließend mit einem Klarlacküberzug zu versehende Oberfläche einer einzelnen Karosse, sondern schließt auch eventuell nicht mit Klarlack überzulackierende Anteile der Oberfläche ein, beispielsweise im Karosseninnenraum.The applied waterborne basecoat is flashed off in the Basecoat flash-off zone of automotive OEM painting and lasts 30 to 180 Seconds, preferably 60 to 150 seconds. This time period results, for example from the overall length of the basecoat flash-off zone of the automotive OEM painting system from for example 5 to 15 m and the belt speed of for example 2 to 6 m / min. The ventilation takes place under recirculating air conditions Air temperatures of 25 to 45 ° C, preferably 30 to 40 ° C. The ambient air conditions are chosen so that with a coated with an aqueous basecoat Surface air flow rate from 0.10 to 0.70 m / s, preferably 0.15 to 0.60 m / s is worked. The surface coated with an aqueous basecoat The air flow obtained is calculated as the quotient of the per second through the Exhaust zone the air volume in cubic meters and that in the exhaust zone existing surface coated with aqueous basecoat and to be vented, for example on the order of 20 to 150 square meters. That in Process according to the invention through the vented air volume is, for example, 1 to 2 cubic meters per running meter of ventilation zone and Second. The one in the flash-off zone is coated with an aqueous basecoat and surface to be ventilated is calculated from the number of in the basecoat flash-off zone coated motor vehicle bodies, e.g. 1 to 3 bodies, and the surface of the surface coated with aqueous basecoat and to be ventilated respective body in square meters, for example in the order of 15 to 35 square meters in the car area or 20 to 65 square meters in the Commercial vehicle area. The expression "coated with aqueous basecoat and surface of a single body to be ventilated "means not only that then surface of an individual to be provided with a clear lacquer coating Body, but also closes parts that may not be overcoated with clear lacquer the surface, for example in the interior of the body.

Im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird unter Umluftbedingungen abgelüftet. Beispielsweise wird so gearbeitet, daß die Umluft 5 bis 15 g Wasser pro Kubikmeter aufweist. Dabei kann auch ein Teil, beispielsweise 5 bis 20 %, bevorzugt 5 bis 10 % des pro Sekunde durch die Ablüftzone durchgesetzten Luftvolumens als Abluft die Ablüftzone verlassen und durch eine entsprechende Menge an Frischluft ergänzt werden, die der im Kreis geführten Luft zugemischt wird. Die Frischluft enthält bevorzugt weniger als 15 g, besonders bevorzugt 5 bis 12 g Wasser pro Kubikmeter. Die Einstellung des Wassergehaltes der zugemischten Frischluft kann mittels üblicher Luftentfeuchtungsmethoden wie z.B. Kompression von Luft und/oder Kondensation oder Absorption des Wassers aus Luft erfolgen.In the process according to the invention, the air is vented under circulating air conditions. For example, one works so that the circulating air 5 to 15 g of water per cubic meter having. A part, for example 5 to 20%, preferably 5 to 10% of the air volume passed through the exhaust zone as exhaust air per second Leave the ventilation zone and add a corresponding amount of fresh air which are mixed with the circulated air. The fresh air contains preferably less than 15 g, particularly preferably 5 to 12 g of water per cubic meter. The adjustment of the water content of the admixed fresh air can be done by conventional means Dehumidification methods such as Compression of air and / or condensation or absorption of water from air.

Die Umluft wird zweckmäßigerweise mit einer Strömungsgeschwindigkeit von 4 bis 8 m/s, gemessen am Objekt, bewegt. Bevorzugt handelt es sich dabei um eine turbulente Luftströmung, die von oben nach unten und von den Seiten her auf die mit der abzulüftenden Basislackschicht versehene Karosse gerichtet ist. Die Luftführung erfolgt zweckmäßigerweise gleichmäßig und senkrecht auf die abzulüftende Basislackschicht. Die Absaugung der Luft erfolgt zweckmäßig nach unten.The circulating air is expediently at a flow rate of 4 to 8 m / s, measured on the object, moved. It is preferably a turbulent air flow from top to bottom and from the sides to the with of the body to be ventilated is provided. The air duct expediently takes place evenly and perpendicularly to the air to be vented Basecoat. The air is expediently extracted downwards.

Die Ablüftzone kann unter konstanten Betriebsbedingungen oder unter Variation einzelner oder mehrerer Betriebsparameter betrieben werden. Die Variation von Betriebsparametern kann in Form einer kontinuierlichen oder sprunghaften Änderung über die gesamte Baulänge oder einen oder mehrere Teile der Baulänge der Ablüftzone erfolgen. Die Ablüftzone kann dabei in eine oder mehrere, beispielsweise 1 bis 3 Zonen unterteilt sein, die durch Schleusen voneinander separiert sein können. Die Variation der Betriebsparameter während des Ablüftens liegt dabei jedoch immer in den durch die Erfindung vorgegebenen Grenzen für den als Ganzes zu betrachtenden Ablüftvorgang. Beispielsweise ist es möglich, daß die Ablüftzone in 2 Zonen unterteilt ist, wobei die mit Wasserbasislack beschichteten Karossen zunächst in der ersten Zone bei niedrigen Lufttemperaturen, beispielsweise von 25 bis 30°C, und danach in der zweiten Zone bei höheren Lufttemperaturen, beispielsweise von 30 bis 45°C abgelüftet werden; der Luftdurchsatz kann dabei beispielsweise in beiden Zonen gleich hoch oder unterschiedlich gewählt werden, beispielsweise in der ersten Zone niedriger als in der zweiten, beispielsweise kann die am Objekt gemessene Strömungsgeschwindigkeit der Umluft in der zweiten Zone oberhalb von 8 m/s liegen. Bei Betrachtung der Ablüftzone bzw. des Ablüftvorganges als Ganzes liegt der durchschnittliche Luftdurchsatz jedoch innerhalb der durch die Erfindung vorgegebenen Grenzen. The flash-off zone can be under constant operating conditions or under variation single or multiple operating parameters can be operated. The variation of Operating parameters can take the form of a continuous or abrupt change over the entire length or one or more parts of the length of the Flash off zone. The venting zone can be in one or more, for example 1 to 3 zones can be divided, which can be separated from one another by locks. However, the variation of the operating parameters during the ventilation always lies within the limits set by the invention for the whole ventilating process. For example, it is possible that the venting zone in 2nd Zones is divided, with the bodies coated with water-based paint first in the first zone at low air temperatures, for example from 25 to 30 ° C, and then in the second zone at higher air temperatures, for example 30 ventilated up to 45 ° C; the air throughput can be, for example, in both Zones are selected to be the same height or different, for example in the first Zone lower than in the second, for example, the measured on the object Circulating air flow velocity in the second zone above 8 m / s lie. When considering the flash-off zone or the flash-off process as a whole, the average air flow rate, however, within that of the invention predetermined limits.

Die durch Ablüften vorgetrockneten Wasserbasislackschichten werden mit einem üblichen chemisch vernetzenden Klarlack in einer Trockenschichtdicke von beispielsweise 30 bis 100 µm überlackiert und gemeinsam mit diesem bei Temperaturen von beispielsweise 100 bis 150°C eingebrannt. Ein Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ergibt sich aus den niedrigen Lufttemperaturen, die während des Ablüftens der Wasserbasislackschichten herrschen. Es ist so möglich, daß die Überlackierung der abgelüfteteten Basislackschichten mit einem Klarlack ohne vorheriges Abkühlen der Karossen erfolgen kann. Als Klarlack sind grundsätzlich alle bekannten Klarlacke oder transparent pigmentierten Überzugsmittel geeignet. Hierbei können sowohl lösungsmittelhaltige Einkomponenten(1K)- oder Zweikomponenten(2K)-Klarlacke, wasserverdünnbare 1K- oder 2K-Klarlacke, Pulverklarlacke oder wäßrige Pulverklarlackslurries eingesetzt werden. Die Einbrennbedingungen der Zweischichtlackierung aus Wasserbasislack und Klarlack richten sich nach dem verwendeten Klarlacksystem.The pre-dried by flashing off the water base coat layers are overcoated with a conventional m chemically cross-linking clear coat in a dry layer thickness of, for example 30 to 100 μ and baked together with the latter at temperatures of, for example 100 to 150 ° C. An advantage of the method according to the invention results from the low air temperatures that prevail during the ventilation of the water-based lacquer layers. It is thus possible for the flashed-off basecoat layers to be overpainted with a clear lacquer without the bodies having cooled down beforehand. In principle, all known clearcoats or transparent pigmented coating agents are suitable as clearcoats. Solvent-containing one-component (1K) or two-component (2K) clearcoats, water-dilutable 1K or 2K clearcoats, powder clearcoats or aqueous powder clearcoat slurries can be used. The stoving conditions of the two-coat system consisting of waterborne basecoat and clearcoat depend on the clearcoat system used.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren erlaubt die Herstellung zweischichtiger Kraftfahrzeugdecklackierungen aus wäßriger Basislackschicht und Klarlackdeckschicht nach dem Naß-in-Naß-Verfahren unter Gewährung nur kurzer Ablüftzeiten von 30 bis 180 Sekunden für die Basislackschicht. Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren ist es möglich, Wasserbasislacke in automatisierten Kraftfahrzeugserienlackieranlagen, die an sich für die Verarbeitung nichtwäßriger Basislacke ausgelegt sind und nur kurze Ablüftzeiten für die Basislackschichten zulassen, zu verarbeiten. Ein aufwendiger Umbau solcher für die Verarbeitung wäßriger Basislacke an sich ungeeigneter Lackieranlagen kann vermieden werden. Sofern die erfindungswesentlichen Bedingungen bei der Rezeptierung der Wasserbasislacke und die erfindungswesentlichen Ablüftbedingungen für die Wasserbasislackschichten eingehalten werden, kann das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren sogar so durchgeführt werden, daß innerhalb einer Kraftfahrzeugserienlackieranlage sowohl die Wasserbasislacke als auch nichtwäßrige Basislacke verarbeitet werden. The method according to the invention allows the production of two layers Motor vehicle topcoats made from aqueous basecoat and clearcoat according to the wet-on-wet method with only short flash-off times from 30 to 180 seconds for the basecoat film. It is with the method according to the invention possible to apply waterborne basecoats in automated automotive painting systems are designed for the processing of non-aqueous basecoats and only short Allow flash-off times for the basecoat layers to be processed. An elaborate Conversion of such unsuitable for the processing of aqueous basecoats Painting systems can be avoided. If the essential to the invention Conditions in the formulation of waterborne basecoats and the essential ventilation conditions for the water-based lacquer layers are adhered to, the method according to the invention can even be carried out in this way be that both the Waterborne basecoats as well as non-aqueous basecoats can be processed.

Beispielexample

In einer Lackierkabine für Versuchszwecke wird eine PKW-Karosse beschichtet:A car body is coated in a painting booth for experimental purposes:

Eine KTL-grundierte und mit einer Füllerschicht versehene 4,3 m lange PKW-Karosse wird in einer Trockenschichtdicke von 15 µm mit einem silberfarbenen Wasserbasislack (Zusammensetzung: Festkörpergehalt 20 Gew.-%, Dimethylethanolamin 1 Gew.-%, Butylglykol 8,5 Gew.-%, N-Methylpyrrolidon 2 Gew.-%, Wasser 59 Gew.-%, n-Propanol 7 Gew.-%, n-Butanol 2,5 Gew.-%, High-Solid-Wert: 50 %; Pigment/Bindemittel-Verhältnis: 0,2 : 1) beschichtet. Die beschichtete Fläche beträgt ca. 20 Quadratmeter. Anschließend wird in einer 5 m langen Ablüftzone 90 s mit Umluft (Wassergehalt 12 g pro Kubikmeter) von 40°C abgelüftet. Die Umluftleistung liegt bei 1,5 Kubikmeter pro Sekunde und laufendem Meter Ablüftzone. Nach dem Ablüften wird mit einem handelsüblichen Zweikomponenten-Klarlack in einer Trockenschichtdicke von 35 µm überlackiert und 30 Minuten bei 135°C (Objekttemperatur) eingebrannt.A cathodic electrodeposition primed and provided with a filler layer 4.3 m long car chassis is in a dry film thickness of 15 μ m with a silver-colored water-based paint (composition: Solids content 20 wt .-%, dimethylethanolamine 1 wt .-%, butylglycol 8.5 % By weight, N-methylpyrrolidone 2% by weight, water 59% by weight, n-propanol 7% by weight, n-butanol 2.5% by weight, high solid value: 50%; Pigment / binder ratio: 0.2: 1) coated. The coated area is approximately 20 square meters. The mixture is then vented in a 5 m long ventilation zone with circulating air (water content 12 g per cubic meter) of 40 ° C for 90 s. The air circulation rate is 1.5 cubic meters per second and running meter of ventilation zone. After venting is m painted and baked 30 minutes at 135 ° C (object temperature) with a commercial two-component clear coat in a dry film thickness of 35 μ.

Die erhaltene Lackierung ist kocherfrei und entspricht auch den sonstigen technologischen Anforderungen einer modernen Automobillackierung.The paint obtained is cooker-free and corresponds to the others technological requirements of modern automotive painting.

Claims (3)

  1. A process for the preparation of a two-layer colourand/or special effect-imparting top coating on motor vehicle bodies in an automatic motor vehicle production line painting installation, wherein a transparent top coat layer comprising a clear lacquer coating compound is applied to a base coat layer comprising a waterborne colour- and/or special effect-imparting base lacquer coating compound which has been applied and flashed off and the two coating layers are stoved together, characterised in that a waterborne base lacquer coating compound is used which contains organic solvents corresponding to a high solids value from 40% to 70%, and wherein the base coat layer, after its application and before application of the transparent top coat layer, is flashed off for 30 to 180 seconds with circulating air having a temperature from 25 °C to 45 °C with an air flow rate from 0.10 m/s to 0.70 m/s, relative to the surface provided with the waterborne base coat layer.
  2. A process according to claim 1, characterised in that the waterborne base lacquer coating compound contains 20 wt.% to 30 wt.% of organic solvents.
  3. A process according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that 30 wt.% to 60 wt.% of the organic solvents comprise low-boiling solvents which are freely miscible with water or miscible without miscibility gaps.
EP00907551A 1999-02-15 2000-02-11 Method for producing two-layer final coats on motor vehicles Expired - Lifetime EP1112126B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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DE19906247 1999-02-15
DE19906247A DE19906247A1 (en) 1999-02-15 1999-02-15 Procedure for producing two-coat paint finish on body of motor vehicle involves using diluted base lacquer coating medium which contains organic solvent corresponding to high solid value of 40-70 per cent
PCT/EP2000/001132 WO2000048748A1 (en) 1999-02-15 2000-02-11 Method for producing two-layer final coats on motor vehicles

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EP1112126B1 true EP1112126B1 (en) 2001-12-05

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DE (2) DE19906247A1 (en)
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WO2003039767A1 (en) * 2001-11-05 2003-05-15 Kansai Paint Co., Ltd. Method for forming multilayer coating film
US20060035692A1 (en) * 2002-02-08 2006-02-16 Keith Kirby Collectible item and code for interactive games
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DE19906247A1 (en) 2000-08-17
KR20010102145A (en) 2001-11-15
EP1112126A1 (en) 2001-07-04
BR0008215B1 (en) 2011-03-22
US6548119B1 (en) 2003-04-15
BR0008215A (en) 2001-10-30
ATE209972T1 (en) 2001-12-15
MX229728B (en) 2005-08-05
KR100603997B1 (en) 2006-07-25
CZ20012941A3 (en) 2002-03-13
AU759783B2 (en) 2003-05-01
JP2002537099A (en) 2002-11-05
MXPA01008258A (en) 2002-10-23
CN1339989A (en) 2002-03-13
ES2170048T3 (en) 2002-08-01
CZ299010B6 (en) 2008-04-02
WO2000048748A1 (en) 2000-08-24
DE50000049D1 (en) 2002-01-17
AU2910400A (en) 2000-09-04

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