EP1111329A1 - Projectile and manufacturing method therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

The projectile has a body (1) and guiding devices (2) radially extending from it for guiding it in a firearm barrel. At least one guiding device comprising carbon fiber compound material. A guide band (5) supporting the guiding device contains mats of crossed-over woven fibers (9). The fibers in the mat are inclined at 45 degrees to the longitudinal axis of elongated raised formations (4) of the guide device. The fiber compound material contains friction-reducing additive material, such as polytetrafluorethylene and/or molybdenum. Particularly its raised formations contain gas-forming additives.

Description

The invention relates to a projectile with a projectile body and with radially projecting ones arranged on the projectile body Guide means for guiding the projectile body in a gun barrel. The invention further relates to a Method for manufacturing a projectile, in which a guide means having a guide band in a corresponding designed groove of a projectile body is attached.

Known projectiles usually have one on the outer surface of the projectile body fastened guide means made of copper on. There are also floors with several at a defined distance mutually arranged guide means known. These guide means are in the form of ring-shaped elevations educated. When shooting a projectile body designed in this way in a gun barrel, the inner surface of which has several spirally circumferential grooves the elevations are pressed in and shaped, creating the projectile undergoes a rotation, resulting in its stabilization serves on its trajectory. At the same time, the guide means works to seal against the on the rear side of the floor hot powder gases and as friction-reducing Intermediate layer between the floor and body Gun barrel.

To produce these known guide means circumferential groove screwed into the projectile body, in which a ring shrunk in, pressed in and / or welded is anchored.

A disadvantage of the known projectiles is that they are be able to insert copper into the gun barrel when fired. This ultimately leads to embrittlement of the gun barrel and results in a reduction in its mechanical Strength. According to one of various initial conditions dependent number of kills is the gun barrel unusable. The result of firing the projectiles Release of copper into the system environment is also of concern, especially for ammunition for Exercise is provided.

The high gas pressures also lead to modern weapon systems dynamic loads that copper rings used to date often not withstand.

The invention is based on the problem of a projectile type mentioned at the beginning so that it Shoot down an entry of copper into the gun barrel largely avoids. The invention also has the problem based on a method for manufacturing a projectile so to further develop the entry of copper into avoid the gun barrel when firing the projectile leaves.

According to the invention, the first-mentioned problem is solved by that the guide means made of a fiber composite material are made.

The guiding means can be omitted by this design manufacture a copper-free material. This means that Bullet at least in which the gun barrel when fired touching area no copper, so a loosening of copper is prevented in this area. The inventive Bullet thereby reliably prevents it from being fired an entry of copper into the gun barrel. A This prevents embrittlement of the gun barrel.

The manufacturing method according to the invention is very economical and also suitable for mass production.

According to an advantageous further development, the management means the invention a high stability when the fiber composite material Has carbon fibers.

To further increase the stability of the guide means wearing it according to another advantageous development if a guide belt carrying the guide means Contains mats made of cross-woven fibers.

To further increase the stability of the guide means wearing it according to another advantageous development the invention when the fibers in the mats by 45 ° to Longitudinal axis of elongated elevations of the guide means are inclined. Let through this design the outermost edges of the elevations completely Fill in fibers.

The guide band can be made according to another advantageous one Training cost-effectively around the projectile body wrap when the guide tape has a smooth section and a section carrying the elevations of the guide means and that the sections abut each other and are glued together.

The connection of the sections of the guide band is designed according to another advantageous development of the Invention constructively particularly simple when there are fibers of the smooth section over which the elevations of the guide means having section extend.

In the shaping of the section having the guide means the guide belt can pull in the Fibers between adjacent bumps simple avoid if the surveys of the leadership means each have individual, overlapping fiber sections. This makes it easy to ensure that the edges the guide means are filled with fibers.

The connection of overlapping fiber sections has according to an advantageous development of the invention particularly high strength when the surveys each a plurality of layers arranged one above the other Have fiber sections and when the fiber sections are adjacent Intermeshing ridges.

The areas provided for support on the gun barrel the guide means have according to another advantageous Development of the invention a particularly high stability, if the surveys have deposits for reinforcement. The inserts can, for example, consist of short fiber sections consist.

For example, the smooth portion of the guide tape be glued to the projectile body. The leader band is particularly reliable in its intended position held when the smooth section of the guide tape is positively attached to the projectile body.

The guide band can be like that of the known projectile be ring-shaped. A centering of the guide band on the storey body is particularly special simply if this one into a recess of the Projectile body penetrating centering extension.

Shear loads on the centering extension when fired of the projectile according to the invention can easily be avoided, if the centering extension is towards the front the floor is arranged facing. Hereby becomes a deformation of the guide band in the gun barrel reliably avoided.

By introducing PTFE and / or sliding metals such as Molybdenum etc. either directly into the fiber composite material or in the form of deposits, the coefficient of friction compared to the aforementioned fiber composite material additionally be reduced.

If in the outer areas, especially in the surveys introduced gas-forming filler materials such as metal carbonyls are created when fired in the gun barrel resulting frictional heat on the guide gases and expansions that cause increased sealing and thus serve to increase the range of the storeys.

A combination of guide means made of fiber composite material with those made of copper-free metals results in optimal Sealing and pressure conditions and thermal loads in high-performance guns, especially if that rear, metallic guide means less Has diameter than that arranged in the firing direction made of fiber composite material. To achieve an optimal Pressure build-up on the sealing guide means, during firing, the distances between the tapes optimized.

The second problem, namely a manufacturing process to further develop a floor so that it can the entry of copper into the gun barrel when fired of the projectile can be avoided according to the invention solved that fibers with high tensile strength in brought a shape corresponding to the management means and be glued together.

This design allows the use of copper in the area touching the gun barrel when fired of the projectile reliably prevent. The inventive Bullet does not carry any copper when it is fired the gun barrel. An embrittlement of the gun barrel is reliably avoided.

The production of the floor is based on a other advantageous development of the invention particularly inexpensive if the guide tape is initially a strip with a smooth section and elevations of the guide means having section is formed when the smooth section one or more times around the projectile body is led around and when the the surveys of the Section is glued to the smooth section. This makes the guide band simply around the projectile body wound up.

The intended dimensions of the guide belt can be according to a further advantageous development of the invention with particularly small tolerances if that Guide tape pressed against the projectile body when gluing becomes. The pressing of the guide band with the projectile body can for example by means of a Sliding ring guide band with a designated inside diameter respectively.

The guide tape can be removed before winding up its sections attach to the projectile body when the free Riveted to the end of the smooth section on the projectile body becomes.

The guide band can be used independently of the projectile body manufacture and then assemble it if for attaching an annular one to the diameter the outer diameter corresponding to the groove of the projectile body having the guide band of the projectile body initially is cooled until the guide band over the projectile body can be pushed as far as the groove and then the projectile body is heated with the guide band becomes. Liquid nitrogen in particular can be used for this with which the projectile body moves to minus Can cool 170 ° C. Experiments have shown that in one Warm-up time from 8 hours to room temperature none Tensions between the guide band and the projectile body arise. The ring-shaped guide band has a lot favorable strength properties and high torsional rigidity. The connection created using this method between the projectile body and the guide band has a special high strength.

These ring-shaped guide bands can be particularly special Produce economically by initially tubular Initial components are manufactured, which are then laser or Water jet cutting process to the required installation length be tailored.

Fig. 1

einen Teilbereich eines erfindungsgemässen Geschosses,

Fig. 2

eine stark vergrösserte Schnittdarstellung durch das Geschoss aus Figur 1 entlang der Linie II-II,

Fig. 3

eine Draufsicht auf ein Führungsband für das Geschoss aus Figur 1,

Fig. 4

eine schematische Draufsicht auf das Geschoss aus Figur 1 bei einer Fertigung des Führungsbandes durch Wickeln,

Fig. 5

eine schematische Darstellung eines Faserverlaufs einer weiteren Ausführungsform des Führungsbandes aus Figur 3,

Fig. 6

eine schematische Darstellung eines Faserverlaufs einer weiteren Ausführungsform des Führungsbandes aus Figur 3.

The invention permits numerous embodiments. To further clarify its basic principle, several of them are shown in the drawing and are described below. This shows in

Fig. 1

a partial area of a projectile according to the invention,

Fig. 2

2 shows a greatly enlarged sectional view through the projectile from FIG. 1 along the line II-II,

Fig. 3

2 shows a plan view of a guide band for the projectile from FIG. 1,

Fig. 4

2 shows a schematic plan view of the projectile from FIG. 1 during manufacture of the guide band by winding,

Fig. 5

3 shows a schematic illustration of a fiber course of a further embodiment of the guide belt from FIG. 3,

Fig. 6

3 shows a schematic illustration of a fiber course of a further embodiment of the guide belt from FIG. 3.

Figure 1 shows a portion of a floor with a projectile body 1 arranged guide means 2 and with one arranged at a distance from the guide means 2 additional guide ring 3. The outer areas of the Guide means 2 are on the shot of the projectile on the inner wall of a gun barrel, not shown on, while the guide ring 3 only weakly in the spiral shape of the tube engages. The guide means 2 has several protruding from the outer surface of the projectile body 1 Surveys 4. The surveys 4 are essentially longitudinal to the projectile body 1 and around an intended Angle arranged inclined to its longitudinal axis. Stabilize the guide means 2 and the guide ring 3 the trajectory of the projectile and generate a predetermined Swirl. The elevations 4 of the guide means 2 are on an annular, made of a fiber composite material manufactured guide belt 5 arranged. The guide band 5 has a centering extension 6, which is positively in a recess 7 of the projectile body 1 is held.

The launch direction is designated A; in the following Figures are the same parts with the same reference numerals Mistake.

Figure 2 shows in a greatly enlarged sectional view through the projectile of Figure 1, along the line II-II, that the projectile body 1 has a groove 8, which the Guide belt 5 holds axially. Furthermore, are shown schematically in FIG Fibers 9 and a binder 10, which the fibers glued together, shown. The fibers 9 are immediate at the outer limits of the guide band 5 arranged. Furthermore, they are tangential and radial Directional fibers 9 at an angle of approximately 45 ° to the longest extension of the guide means 2 arranged.

Figure 3 shows an annular and closed design Guide belt 11. The guide belt 11 can, for example shrunk onto the floor shown in Figure 1 become. When shrinking on, the projectile body 1 is attached liquid nitrogen cooled down to minus 170 ° C. there the diameter of the projectile body 1 decreases so far that the guide band 11 with over the projectile body 1 can be pushed up to the groove 8 shown in FIG can. During the subsequent heating, the projectile body expands 1 off again. After all, is the leader band 11 axially immovable in the groove 8 of the projectile body 1 held.

Figure 4 shows the projectile from Figure 1 in a plan view in the production of a guide band 12. The guide band 12 has a smooth section 13 and one of the elevations 4 having section 14. Sections 13, 14 are from pressed together and / or glued fiber mats manufactured. The free end of the smooth portion 13 becomes, for example by means of a schematically shown in the drawing Rivets 15 fixed in the groove 8 of the projectile body 1. Then the sections 13, 14 around the Projectile wound and glued together.

Figure 5 shows an example of a fiber course of the surveys 4 area of the guide belt 12 Figure 4. Have fiber sections 16, 17 of the guide belt 12 a shape corresponding to the surveys 4 and are on the the elevations 4 facing away from the shape of the bottom region the groove 8 of the projectile body shown in Figure 4 1 smoothly designed. Adjacent fiber sections 16, 17 overlap each other.

FIG. 6 shows the fiber course of the surveys 4 Area of the guide belt 12 from Figure 4 in a another embodiment. This embodiment differs differs from that of Figure 5 mainly in that each other bordering fiber sections 18, 19 intermesh like a comb. Furthermore, the elevations have 4 forming areas of the guide belt 12 deposits 20 for reinforcement on. The inserts 20 can of course be like the fiber sections 18, 19 also from pressed together and / or glued fiber mats.

Of course, especially with shorter storeys on the guide ring 3, Fig. 1, or if appropriate for longer storeys, several can be used parallel guide means 2 are provided.

Of course, the guide ring 3 can be used for shorter storeys be omitted or also in the form of a Fiber composite material made analogously to the guide means 2 his.

Tests have shown that guide means manufactured in this way less sensitive to copper guide rings are suddenly on gas pressures and therefore have a higher security than this.

Claims (20)

Projectile with a projectile body (1) and with on the Projectile body (1) arranged radially projecting Guide means (2) for guiding the projectile body (1) in a gun barrel, characterized in that at least one guide means (2) made of a fiber composite material is made. Projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the fiber composite material has carbon fibers. Projectile according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that that the guide means (2) carrying guide band (5, 11, 12) Cross-woven fiber mats (9) contains. Projectile according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fibers (9) in the mats by 45 ° to the longitudinal axis of elongated Elevations (4) of the guide means (2) inclined are arranged. Projectile according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the guide band (11, 12) a smooth section (13) and one carrying the elevations (4) of the guide means (2) Section (14) and that the sections (13, 14) lie against each other and glued together are. Projectile according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that fibers of the smooth section (13) up over which the elevations (4) of the guide means (2) having section (14) extend. Projectile according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the surveys (4) of the guide means (2) each one, each other have overlapping fiber sections (16-19). Projectile according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the surveys (4) a plurality of layers one above the other arranged fiber sections (19) and that the fiber sections (19) are adjacent to each other Raised overlaps (4) like a comb. Projectile according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the surveys (4) have inserts (20) for reinforcement. Projectile according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the smooth section (13) of the guide belt (12) in a form-fitting manner the projectile body (1) is attached. Projectile according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the guide band (5) one in a recess (7) of the projectile body (1) penetrating centering extension (6) having. Projectile according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a centering extension (6) in the firing direction (A) of the projectile pointing, is arranged. Projectile according to at least one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the fiber composite material contains friction-reducing filler materials, such as polytetrafluoroethylene and / or molybdenum. Projectile according to at least one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the fiber composite material, in particular its surveys (4) gas-generating Filler materials included. Projectile according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the floor rear to the guide means (2) resp. to the guide band (5) spaced apart, at least one further guide band (3) is arranged, which is less Has diameter than the launch side and consists of nickel or titanium. Method for manufacturing a projectile in which a Guide belt with guide means in one appropriately designed groove of a projectile body is attached, characterized in that fibers with high tensile strength in one of the guide means brought appropriate form and together be glued. A method according to claim 16, characterized in that the guide tape is initially a strip with a smooth section and a bumps of the guide means having section is formed that the smooth section one or more times around the projectile body is led around and that of the surveys having section glued to the smooth section becomes. A method according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that that the guide tape when gluing against the projectile body is pressed. Method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the free end of the smooth section riveted to the projectile body becomes. Method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that for attachment an annular one the diameter of the groove of the Projectile body corresponding outer diameter Guide band of the projectile body first is cooled until the guide band over pushes the projectile body up to the groove and that then the projectile body with the guide band is heated.

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