EP1110034A1 - Burner arrangement with primary and secondary pilot burners - Google Patents

Burner arrangement with primary and secondary pilot burners

Info

Publication number
EP1110034A1
EP1110034A1 EP99952372A EP99952372A EP1110034A1 EP 1110034 A1 EP1110034 A1 EP 1110034A1 EP 99952372 A EP99952372 A EP 99952372A EP 99952372 A EP99952372 A EP 99952372A EP 1110034 A1 EP1110034 A1 EP 1110034A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
burner
outlet openings
main
fuel
arrangement according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP99952372A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1110034B1 (en
Inventor
Peter Berenbrink
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP1110034A1 publication Critical patent/EP1110034A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1110034B1 publication Critical patent/EP1110034B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D17/00—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel
    • F23D17/002—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel gaseous or liquid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
    • F23R3/34—Feeding into different combustion zones
    • F23R3/343—Pilot flames, i.e. fuel nozzles or injectors using only a very small proportion of the total fuel to insure continuous combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2206/00—Burners for specific applications
    • F23D2206/10—Turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2209/00—Safety arrangements
    • F23D2209/10—Flame flashback
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2209/00—Safety arrangements
    • F23D2209/20—Flame lift-off / stability
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
    • F23D2900/00014—Pilot burners specially adapted for ignition of main burners in furnaces or gas turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
    • F23D2900/00015—Pilot burners specially adapted for low load or transient conditions, e.g. for increasing stability

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a burner arrangement for a furnace, in particular a gas turbine burner with a main burner and a primary pilot burner arranged therein, which serves to ignite and / or stabilize the combustion of the main burner.
  • the present invention also relates to a method for operating such a burner arrangement.
  • Burner assemblies of the generic type are often designed for different fuels and different modes of operation, with great efforts being made to improve the arrangements and modes of operation in such a way that pollutant emissions are reduced, in view of increasingly stringent regulations for the emission of pollutants worldwide.
  • DE 196 10 930 AI discloses a burner for a heat generator.
  • a mixing section is arranged downstream of the swirl generator mentioned.
  • this mixing section has a number of transition channels running in the direction of flow, which ensure the seamless transfer of the flow formed in the swirl generator into a downstream mixing tube. The exit level of this
  • Mixing tube to the combustion chamber is formed with a trailing edge, which stabilizes and enlarges itself backflow zone depicting the current.
  • a number of mixing elements are provided concentrically to the mixing section, which serve to form a mixture of combustion air and a fuel. This mixture of the respective mixing element then forms a pilot stage of the combustion chamber.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a stronger stabilization of the combustion in the known burner arrangements and thereby to avoid a hum of the combustion system due to unstable combustion and the flashback of the flame in partial areas of a burner.
  • a burner arrangement according to claim 1 and a method for operating a burner arrangement according to claim 11 serve to solve this problem.
  • Such a burner arrangement for a combustion system in particular a gas turbine combustion chamber, has a main burner and a primary pilot burner arranged centrally therein on, which serves to ignite and / or stabilize the combustion of the main burner.
  • a primary pilot burner arranged centrally therein on, which serves to ignite and / or stabilize the combustion of the main burner.
  • Details of such burners which are also called hybrid burners because of the different possibilities of operation and fuel supply, are for example in EP 0 108 361 B1 and
  • such a burner arrangement is now additionally equipped with a secondary pilot burner, which has a plurality of outlet openings in the outlet region of the main burner.
  • the fuel emerging from these outlet openings or a mixture of air and fuel forms a flame ring which surrounds the flame emerging from the main burner approximately in a ring and thereby additionally stabilizes it.
  • the primary pilot burner supports the combustion from the inside, the secondary one can
  • Pilot burners contribute to the stabilization from the outside without negatively influencing the principle of combustion with recirculation, as the burners according to the prior art have.
  • the external reciculation area which is important for stable combustion in the burner flame, is even reinforced by the secondary pilot burner.
  • the secondary pilot burner is particularly preferably formed by an annular channel running in the outlet area of the main burner, which is connected to a fuel feed line and is connected to the outlet openings.
  • the circumferential ring channel surrounds the outlet area of the main burner quasi like a collar, in which the outlet openings are arranged, preferably directed inwards towards the center of the outlet area.
  • the circumferential ring channel is subdivided into a lower ring channel and an upper ring channel, which are connected to one another via a throttle point, the upper ring channel having connected to the fuel supply is and the lower ring channel is connected to the outlet openings.
  • the amount of fuel of the secondary pilot burner is determined by the throttle point and not by the cross section of the outlet openings and their number.
  • the lower ring channel acts like a resonance chamber, so that the amount of fuel flowing out at the outlet openings is influenced by the external pressure, which, with a suitable design and dimensioning of this lower ring channel, has a strong damping effect in the event of pressure fluctuations, for example when the burner arrangement is hummed.
  • the outlet openings can preferably be arranged in a ring in the outlet region of the main burner at approximately equal distances. This arrangement is symmetrical on all sides and leads to uniform stabilization on all sides.
  • outlet openings in the form of a ring at different distances in the outlet area of the main burner, which is particularly useful in the case of combustion chamber arrangements with multiple burners, in order to avoid accumulations of outlet openings in areas in which two burners come very close.
  • an uneven distribution of the outlet openings tends to vibrate less and thus to instabilities than a uniform one, because in the event of pressure surges, different distances of the pressure waves to and from the individual outlet nozzles result from different distances, which at least partially leads to mutual extinction of such pressure waves and steam instabilities.
  • outlet openings There is also a wide margin with regard to the shape of the outlet openings. Round or oval outlet openings which are particularly simple to produce are particularly preferred according to the invention. Depending on the firing geometry, however, the outlet openings can also have a polygonal border, in particular the shape of a triangle with a tip pointing in the gas flow direction.
  • the burner arrangement with the secondary pilot burner is designed according to the invention in such a way that between 0 and 10% of the amount of fuel required by the burner arrangement at base load can be fed to the outlet openings, in particular in the form of fuel gas.
  • the main burner and the primary pilot burner can be operated in premix mode, in diffusion mode or in a mixed mode from both operating modes, the main burner and the primary pilot burner also for optional operation with liquid and gaseous fuels can be designed. All of these modes of operation are also possible with a burner arrangement according to the present invention.
  • the secondary pilot burner with a premixed mixture of fuel and air as a premix burner, which in particular contributes to reducing the generation of nitrogen oxides.
  • the invention also relates to a method for operating a burner arrangement, in particular to avoid instabilities in the combustion chamber, the associated humming and the possible backward flashing of the flame into partial areas of a burner, the burner arrangement having a main burner stabilized by a primary pilot burner and according to the invention, the flame of the main burner is additionally stabilized by a secondary pilot burner, the secondary pilot burner several around the outlet area of the main burner has outlet openings distributed around it, which are supplied separately controlled or regulated with fuel or fuel mixture.
  • This method according to the invention results in a further parameter for the particularly safe and environmentally friendly control of a burner arrangement.
  • the stabilization of the flame of the main burner by means of an external secondary pilot burner prevents unstable operating states such as the hum in the furnace and thus also the flame's returning to parts of a burner.
  • a main burner 1 is supplied with main combustion air 2, into which 3 fuel gas and / or 4 fuel oil are injected in a main combustion gas injection 3 and / or in a finely divided manner.
  • main combustion air 2 into which 3 fuel gas and / or 4 fuel oil are injected in a main combustion gas injection 3 and / or in a finely divided manner.
  • main swirl generator 5 in particular in the form of a diagonal grid.
  • the fuel is premixed with the main combustion air, so that low-pollution combustion can be achieved.
  • a pilot burner 15 for igniting and / or stabilizing the main flame, the combustion air of which is supplied through an air duct 6, in a manner known per se.
  • central fuel channel 7 for operating this pilot burner as a diffusion burner.
  • an external fuel channel 8 In order to operate the pilot burner 15 as a premix burner, there is also an external fuel channel 8.
  • this known burner arrangement are operated in very different modes of operation using different fuels, which is why such burners are also referred to as hybrid
  • Main burner 1 is an annular channel 9 which is connected to outlet openings 10 which are arranged in a ring shape in the outlet region of the main burner 1.
  • the distances between these outlet openings can be uniform or non-uniform as required.
  • the shapes and cross-sectional areas of these outlet openings 10 can also be varied within wide limits, depending on requirements, with uniformly distributed round outlet openings 10 being preferred.
  • the fuel supply to the outlet openings 10 has a lower ring channel 9, which is connected via a throttle point to an upper ring channel 11, which in turn is supplied with fuel, preferably fuel gas, via a fuel feed line 13 and a valve 14.
  • the pressure in the upper ring channel 11 is approximately constant since the main pressure loss occurs at the throttle point 12.
  • the lower ring channel 9 can partially compensate for external pressure vibrations in the flame of the main burner and thus acts as a kind of resonance chamber. If the pressure in the flame is high, only a little fuel flows briefly through the outlet openings 10 of the secondary pilot burner, and when the external pressure drops again, more fuel gas flows in. This behavior dampens external vibrations and thus reduces the hum that can occur if the flames are unstable in a furnace.
  • the present invention is particularly suitable for the additional stabilization of burner arrangements in gas turbine chambers and prevents the flame from striking back in a burner arrangement or at least reduces the resulting hum.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a burner arrangement for a furnace, especially a gas turbine chamber, comprising a main burner (1) and a primary pilot burner (15) centrally disposed therein serving to ignite and/or stabilize combustion of the main burner. For additional stabilization, reduction of humming noises in a furnace and prevention of possible occasional backfiring of the flame in a partial area of the burner, several outlets (10) forming together a secondary pilot burner are disposed in the outlet area o the main burner (1). The flames of the secondary pilot burner surround the main flame in the form of a crown and additionally stabilize operation during different load states. Between 0 and 10 % of the quantity of fuel required by the burner arrangement during basic load is especially supplied by the secondary pilot burner, wherein the central primary pilot burner (15) can thus be supplied with less fuel.

Description

Beschreibungdescription
Brenneranordnung mit primärem und sekundärem PilotbrennerBurner arrangement with primary and secondary pilot burner
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Brenneranordnung f r eine Feuerungsanlage, insbesondere eine Gasturbmenbrennkam- er mit einem Hauptbrenner und einem zentral darin angeordneten primären Pilotbrenner, der zum Zünden und/oder zum Stabilisieren der Verbrennung des Hauptbrenners dient. Außerdem betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Betrieb einer solchen Brenneranordnung.The present invention relates to a burner arrangement for a furnace, in particular a gas turbine burner with a main burner and a primary pilot burner arranged therein, which serves to ignite and / or stabilize the combustion of the main burner. The present invention also relates to a method for operating such a burner arrangement.
Brenneranordnungen der gattungsgemaßen Art sind oft für verschiedene Brennstoffe und verschiedene Betriebsweisen ausge- legt, wobei es im Hinblick auf weltweit immer strengere Bestimmungen zum Ausstoß von Schadstoffen große Anstrengungen gibt, die Anordnungen und Betriebsweisen so zu verbessern, daß der Schadstoffausstoß verringert wird.Burner assemblies of the generic type are often designed for different fuels and different modes of operation, with great efforts being made to improve the arrangements and modes of operation in such a way that pollutant emissions are reduced, in view of increasingly stringent regulations for the emission of pollutants worldwide.
Besonders umweltfreundliche Brenner mit einem geringen Ausstoß an NOx sind aus der EP 0 108 361 Bl und der EP 0 193 838 Bl bekannt. Da es bei der vorliegenden Erfindung um e ne Weiterbildung gerade auch solcher Brenner geht, wird auf den Inhalt dieser beiden Schriften vollinhaltlich Bezug genommen.Particularly environmentally friendly burners with low NOx emissions are known from EP 0 108 361 Bl and EP 0 193 838 Bl. Since the present invention is concerned with a further development of such burners, reference is made in full to the content of these two documents.
Die DE 196 10 930 AI offenbart einen Brenner für einen Warme- erzeuger. Bei einem Brenner, der im wesentlichen aus einem Drallerzeuger für einen Verbrennungsluftstrom und aus Mitteln zur Emdusung eines Brennstoffs m den Verbrennungsluftstrom besteht, ist stromab des erwähnten Drallerzeugers eine Mischstrecke angeordnet. Diese Mischstrecke weist innerhalb einer ersten Teilstrecke eine Anzahl von in Stromungsrichtung verlaufenden Ubergangskanalen, welche die nahtlose Überführung der im Drallerzeuger gebildeten Strömung in ein nachgeschal- tetes Mischrohr sicherstellen. Die Austrittsebene diesesDE 196 10 930 AI discloses a burner for a heat generator. In a burner consisting essentially of a swirl generator for a combustion air flow and of means for emitting a fuel in the combustion air flow, a mixing section is arranged downstream of the swirl generator mentioned. Within a first section, this mixing section has a number of transition channels running in the direction of flow, which ensure the seamless transfer of the flow formed in the swirl generator into a downstream mixing tube. The exit level of this
Mischrohrs zur Brennkammer ist mit einer Abschlußkante ausgebildet, welche der Stabilisierung und Vergrößerung einer sich im Strom abbildenden Ruckstromzone dient. Konzentrisch zur Mischstrecke ist eine Anzahl Mischelemente vorgesehen, welche der Bildung eines Gemischs aus Verbrennungsluft und einem Brennstoff dienen. Dieses Gemisch aus dem jeweiligen Misch- element bildet dann jeweils eine Pilotstufe der Brennkammer.Mixing tube to the combustion chamber is formed with a trailing edge, which stabilizes and enlarges itself backflow zone depicting the current. A number of mixing elements are provided concentrically to the mixing section, which serve to form a mixture of combustion air and a fuel. This mixture of the respective mixing element then forms a pilot stage of the combustion chamber.
Obwohl bei den bekannten Brenneranordnungen durch konstruktive Maßnahmen und die Betriebsweise kritische Zustande der Brenner weitestgehend vermieden werden können, so gibt es doch d e Möglichkeit, insbesondere wenn die Brenneranordnung im Vormischbetπeb betrieben wird, d.h. wenn Brennstoff und Luft schon vor der Verbrennungszone intensiv miteinander gemischt werden, daß die Verbrennung in einer Feuerungsanlage Fluktuationen aufweist und manchmal instabil wird, was sich beispielsweise durch ein Brummen der Feuerungsanlage äußern kann. Dabei kann gelegentlich auch d e Flamme m einen Teilbereich eines der Brenner zurückschlagen, was wegen dadurch verursachter Temperaturerhöhungen an Brennerbauteilen und wegen eines dabei auftretenden erhöhten Schadstoffausstoßes unerwünscht ist.Although, in the known burner arrangements, constructive measures and the mode of operation can avoid critical conditions of the burner as far as possible, there is nevertheless the possibility, in particular if the burner arrangement is operated in the premix mode, i.e. if fuel and air are mixed intensively before the combustion zone, that the combustion in a combustion system has fluctuations and sometimes becomes unstable, which can be manifested, for example, by a hum in the combustion system. Occasionally, the flame can also strike back a partial area of one of the burners, which is undesirable because of the temperature rises caused on the burner components and because of the resulting increased pollutant emissions.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, bei den bekannten Brenneranordnungen eine stärkere Stabilisierung der Verbrennung zu schaffen und dadurch ein Brummen der Feuerungsanlage durch instabile Verbrennung und das Zurückschlagen der Flamme m Teilbereiche eines Brenners zu vermeiden.The object of the present invention is to provide a stronger stabilization of the combustion in the known burner arrangements and thereby to avoid a hum of the combustion system due to unstable combustion and the flashback of the flame in partial areas of a burner.
Zur Losung dieser Aufgabe dient eine Brenneranordnung gemäß dem Anspruch 1 sowie ein Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Bren- neranordnung gemäß dem Anspruch 11.A burner arrangement according to claim 1 and a method for operating a burner arrangement according to claim 11 serve to solve this problem.
Bevorzugte und besonders vorteilhafte Ausfuhrungsformen sind m den abhangigen Ansprüchen angegeben.Preferred and particularly advantageous embodiments are specified in the dependent claims.
Eine solche Brenneranordnung für eine Feuerungsanlage, insbesondere eine Gasturbinenbrennkammer, weist einen Hauptbrenner und einen zentral darin angeordneten primären Pilotbrenner auf, der zum Zünden und/oder zum Stabilsieren der Verbrennung des Hauptbrenners dient. Einzelheiten über solche Brenner, die wegen der unterschiedlichen Möglichkeiten der Betriebsweise und Brennstoffversorgung auch Hybridbrenner genannt werden, sind zum Beispiel in der EP 0 108 361 Bl und derSuch a burner arrangement for a combustion system, in particular a gas turbine combustion chamber, has a main burner and a primary pilot burner arranged centrally therein on, which serves to ignite and / or stabilize the combustion of the main burner. Details of such burners, which are also called hybrid burners because of the different possibilities of operation and fuel supply, are for example in EP 0 108 361 B1 and
EP 0 193 838 Bl beschrieben. Erfindungsgemäß wird eine solche Brenneranordnung nunmehr zusätzlich mit einem sekundären Pilotbrenner ausgestattet, wobei dieser im Auslaßbereich des Hauptbrenners eine Mehrzahl von Auslaßöffnugen aufweist. Durch aus diesen Auslaßöffnungen austretenden Brennstoff beziehungsweise ein Gemisch aus Luft und Brennstoff bildet sich ein Flammenkranz, der die aus dem Hauptbrenner austretende Flamme etwa ringförmig umgibt und diese dadurch zusätzlich stabilisiert. Während der primäre Pilotbrenner zentral quasi von innen heraus die Verbrennung stützt, kann der sekundäreEP 0 193 838 B1. According to the invention, such a burner arrangement is now additionally equipped with a secondary pilot burner, which has a plurality of outlet openings in the outlet region of the main burner. The fuel emerging from these outlet openings or a mixture of air and fuel forms a flame ring which surrounds the flame emerging from the main burner approximately in a ring and thereby additionally stabilizes it. While the primary pilot burner supports the combustion from the inside, the secondary one can
Pilotbrenner zur Stabilisierung von außen beitragen, ohne das Prinzip der Verbrennung mit Rezirkulation, wie es die Brenner nach dem Stand der Technik haben, negativ zu beeinflussen. Das zur stabilen Verbrennung in der Flamme des Brenners wich- tige äußere Rezikulationsgebiet wird durch den sekundären Pilotbrenner sogar verstärkt.Pilot burners contribute to the stabilization from the outside without negatively influencing the principle of combustion with recirculation, as the burners according to the prior art have. The external reciculation area, which is important for stable combustion in the burner flame, is even reinforced by the secondary pilot burner.
Besonders bevorzugt ist der sekundäre Pilotbrenner durch einen im Auslaßbereich des Hauptbrenners umlaufenden Ringkanal ausgebildet, der mit einer BrennstoffZuleitung verbunden ist und mit den Auslaßöffnungen in Verbindung steht. Der umlaufende Ringkanal umgibt den Auslaßbereich des Hauptbrenners quasi wie ein Kragen, in welchem die Auslaßöffnungen angeordnet sind, vorzugsweise nach innen in Richtung auf das Zentrum des Auslaßbereiches gerichtet.The secondary pilot burner is particularly preferably formed by an annular channel running in the outlet area of the main burner, which is connected to a fuel feed line and is connected to the outlet openings. The circumferential ring channel surrounds the outlet area of the main burner quasi like a collar, in which the outlet openings are arranged, preferably directed inwards towards the center of the outlet area.
Um weder in der Anzahl, noch in der Querschnittsfläche der Auslaßöffnungen begrenzt zu sein, wird in einem besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel der umlaufende Ringkanal in ei- nen unteren Ringkanal und einen oberen Ringkanal unterteilt, welche über eine Drosselstelle miteinander verbunden sind, wobei der obere Ringkanal mit der BrennstoffZuleitung verbun- den ist und der untere Ringkanal mit den Auslaßoffnungen in Verbindung steht. Auf diese Weise wird die Brennstoffmenge des sekundären Pilotbrenners durch die Drosselstelle bestimmt und nicht durch den Querschnitt der Auslaßoffnungen und deren Anzahl. Dadurch wirkt der untere Ringkanal wie eine Resonanzkammer, so daß die an den Auslaßoffnungen ausströmende Brennstoffmenge vom Außendruck beeinflußt wird, was bei geeigneter Auslegung und Dimensionierung dieses unteren Ringkanals bei Druckschwingungen, also beispielsweise beim Brummen der Bren- neranordnung, stark dampfend wirkt.In order not to be limited either in the number or in the cross-sectional area of the outlet openings, in a particularly preferred exemplary embodiment the circumferential ring channel is subdivided into a lower ring channel and an upper ring channel, which are connected to one another via a throttle point, the upper ring channel having connected to the fuel supply is and the lower ring channel is connected to the outlet openings. In this way, the amount of fuel of the secondary pilot burner is determined by the throttle point and not by the cross section of the outlet openings and their number. As a result, the lower ring channel acts like a resonance chamber, so that the amount of fuel flowing out at the outlet openings is influenced by the external pressure, which, with a suitable design and dimensioning of this lower ring channel, has a strong damping effect in the event of pressure fluctuations, for example when the burner arrangement is hummed.
Die Auslaßoffnungen können erfindungsgemaß bevorzugt mit etwa gleichen Abstanden ringförmig im Auslaßbereich des Hauptbrenners angeordnet sein. Diese Anordnung ist symmetrisch nach allen Seiten und fuhrt zu einer allseitigen gleichmaßigen Stabilisierung.According to the invention, the outlet openings can preferably be arranged in a ring in the outlet region of the main burner at approximately equal distances. This arrangement is symmetrical on all sides and leads to uniform stabilization on all sides.
Alternativ ist es auch möglich, die Auslaßoffnungen mit unterschiedlichen Abstanden ringförmig im Auslaßbereich des Hauptbrenners anzuordnen, was insbesondere bei Brennkammeranordnungen mit mehreren Brennern sinnvoll ist, um Haufungen von Aulaßoffnungen in Bereichen, in denen sich zwei Brenner sehr nahe kommen, zu vermeiden. Außerdem neigt eine ungleich- maßige Verteilung der Auslaßoffnungen weniger zum Schwingen und damit zu Instabilitäten als eine gleichmaßige, weil sich bei Druckstoßen durch unterschiedliche Abstände auch unterschiedliche Laufzeiten der Druckwellen zu oder von den einzelnen Auslaßdusen ergeben, was zumindest teilweise zu einer gegenseitigen Ausloschung solcher Druckwellen fuhrt und damit Instabilitäten dampft.Alternatively, it is also possible to arrange the outlet openings in the form of a ring at different distances in the outlet area of the main burner, which is particularly useful in the case of combustion chamber arrangements with multiple burners, in order to avoid accumulations of outlet openings in areas in which two burners come very close. In addition, an uneven distribution of the outlet openings tends to vibrate less and thus to instabilities than a uniform one, because in the event of pressure surges, different distances of the pressure waves to and from the individual outlet nozzles result from different distances, which at least partially leads to mutual extinction of such pressure waves and steam instabilities.
Auch bezuglich der Form der Auslaßoffnungen besteht ein breiter Spielraum. Insbesondere bevorzugt werden erfindungsgemaß runde oder ovale Auslaßoffnungen, die besonders einfach her- stellbar sind. Je nach Brenngeometrie können die Auslaßöffnungen jedoch auch eine polygonale Berandung haben, insbesondere die Form eines Dreiecks mit in Gasströmungsrichtung zeigender Spitze.There is also a wide margin with regard to the shape of the outlet openings. Round or oval outlet openings which are particularly simple to produce are particularly preferred according to the invention. Depending on the firing geometry, however, the outlet openings can also have a polygonal border, in particular the shape of a triangle with a tip pointing in the gas flow direction.
Die Brenneranordnung mit dem sekundären Pilotbrenner ist erfindungsgemäß so ausgelegt, daß zwischen 0 und 10 % der bei Grundlast von der Brenneranordnung benötigten Brennstoffmenge den Auslaßöffnungen zuführbar sind, insbesondere in Form von Brenngas. Je nach Betriebsweise der Brenneranordnungen kann es sinnvoll sein, den zentralen primären Pilotbrenner, der erfindungsgemäß nunmehr durch den sekundärem Pilotbrenner unterstützt wird, in seiner Brennstoffzufuhr entsprechend zu drosseln, um insgesamt den Anteil an Brennstoff, der durch die Pilotbrenner zugeführt wird, nicht übermäßig zu erhöhen.The burner arrangement with the secondary pilot burner is designed according to the invention in such a way that between 0 and 10% of the amount of fuel required by the burner arrangement at base load can be fed to the outlet openings, in particular in the form of fuel gas. Depending on the mode of operation of the burner arrangements, it may be expedient to reduce the fuel supply of the central primary pilot burner, which according to the invention is now supported by the secondary pilot burner, in order not to increase the overall proportion of fuel supplied by the pilot burner .
Bei den Brenneranordnungen nach dem Stand der Technik ist es bekannt, daß der Hauptbrenner und der primäre Pilotbrenner im Vormischbetrieb, im Diffusionsbetrieb oder in einem Mischbetrieb aus beiden Betriebsarten betreibbar sind, wobei der Hauptbrenner und der primäre Pilotbrenner auch für wahlweisen Betrieb mit flüssigen und gasförmigen Brennstoffen ausgelegt sein können. Alle diese Betriebsweisen sind auch bei einer Brenneranordnung gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung möglich. Zusätzlich ist es auch möglich, den sekundären Pilotbrenner mit einem vorgemischten Gemisch aus Brennstoff und Luft als Vormischbrenner zu betreiben, was insbesondere zur Reduzierung der Erzeugung von Stickoxyden beiträgt.In the burner arrangements according to the prior art, it is known that the main burner and the primary pilot burner can be operated in premix mode, in diffusion mode or in a mixed mode from both operating modes, the main burner and the primary pilot burner also for optional operation with liquid and gaseous fuels can be designed. All of these modes of operation are also possible with a burner arrangement according to the present invention. In addition, it is also possible to operate the secondary pilot burner with a premixed mixture of fuel and air as a premix burner, which in particular contributes to reducing the generation of nitrogen oxides.
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auch auf ein Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Brenneranordnung, insbesondere zur Vermeidung von Instabilitäten in der Feuerungskammer, des damit verbundenen Brummens und des möglichen Rückschiagens der Flamme in Teilbereiche eines Brenners, wobei die Brenneranordnung einen von einem primären Pilotbrenner stabilisierten Hauptbrenner auf- weist und erfindungsgemäß die Flamme des Hauptbrenners durch einen sekundären Pilotbrenner zusätzlich stabilisiert wird, wobei der sekundäre Pilotbrenner mehrere um den Auslaßbereich des Hauptbrenners herum verteilte Auslaßoffnungen aufweist, die separat gesteuert oder geregelt mit Brennstoff oder Brennstoffgemisch versorgt werden. Dieses erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ergibt einen weiteren Parameter zur besonders si- cheren und umweltfreundlichen Steuerung einer Brenneranordnung. Die Stabilisierung der Flamme des Hauptbrenners durch einen äußeren sekundären Pilotbrenner verhindert instabile Betriebszustanden wie das Brummen in der Feuerungsanlage und damit auch das Zurückschlagen der Flamme in Teilbereiche ei- nes Brenners.The invention also relates to a method for operating a burner arrangement, in particular to avoid instabilities in the combustion chamber, the associated humming and the possible backward flashing of the flame into partial areas of a burner, the burner arrangement having a main burner stabilized by a primary pilot burner and according to the invention, the flame of the main burner is additionally stabilized by a secondary pilot burner, the secondary pilot burner several around the outlet area of the main burner has outlet openings distributed around it, which are supplied separately controlled or regulated with fuel or fuel mixture. This method according to the invention results in a further parameter for the particularly safe and environmentally friendly control of a burner arrangement. The stabilization of the flame of the main burner by means of an external secondary pilot burner prevents unstable operating states such as the hum in the furnace and thus also the flame's returning to parts of a burner.
Ein bevorzugtes Ausfuhrungsbeispiel der Erfindung, auf welches diese jedoch nicht beschrankt ist, ist teilweise schematisch im Querschnitt in der Zeichnung dargestellt.A preferred exemplary embodiment of the invention, to which, however, it is not restricted, is shown schematically in cross section in the drawing.
Die Zeichnung zeigt den unteren Teil einer Brenneranordnung, wie sie zum Beispiel in der EP 0 193 838 Bl ausführlich beschrieben ist. Die aus dieser Schrift bekannten Komponenten sind daher nur schematisch dargestellt und teilweise auch weggelassen.The drawing shows the lower part of a burner arrangement, as described in detail in EP 0 193 838 B1, for example. The components known from this document are therefore only shown schematically and are also partially omitted.
Beim Lastbetrieb einer solchen Brenneranordnung wird ein Hauptbrenner 1 mit Hauptverbrennungsluft 2 versorgt in welche feinverteilt in einer Hauptbrenngaseindusung 3 Brenngas und/oder in einer Hauptbrennoleindusung 4 Brennöl eingedust wird. Dies erfolgt im Bereich eines Hauptdrallerzeugers 5, insbesondere in Form eines Diagonalgitters. Auf diese Weise wird der Brennstoff mit der Hauptverbrennungsluft vorgemischt, so daß sich eine Schadstoffarme Verbrennung erreichen läßt. Im Zentrum des Hauptbrenners 1 befindet sich in an sich bekannter Weise ein Pilotbrenner 15 zum Zünden und/oder zur Stabilisierung der Hauptflamme, dessen Verbrennungsluft durch einen Luftkanal 6 zugeführt wird. Für den Betrieb dieses Pilotbrenners als Diffusionsbrenner gibt es einen zentralen Brennstoffkanal 7. Um den Pilotbrenner 15 auch als Vormisch- brenner betreiben zu können, gibt es zusatzlich einen äußeren Brennstoffkanal 8. Grundsatzlich kann diese bekannte Brenner- anordnung in sehr verschiedenen Betriebsweisen betrieben werden unter Verwendung verschiedener Brennstoffe, weshalb solche Brenner auch als Hybridbrenner bezeichnet werden.During load operation of such a burner arrangement, a main burner 1 is supplied with main combustion air 2, into which 3 fuel gas and / or 4 fuel oil are injected in a main combustion gas injection 3 and / or in a finely divided manner. This takes place in the area of a main swirl generator 5, in particular in the form of a diagonal grid. In this way, the fuel is premixed with the main combustion air, so that low-pollution combustion can be achieved. In the center of the main burner 1 there is a pilot burner 15 for igniting and / or stabilizing the main flame, the combustion air of which is supplied through an air duct 6, in a manner known per se. There is a central fuel channel 7 for operating this pilot burner as a diffusion burner. In order to operate the pilot burner 15 as a premix burner, there is also an external fuel channel 8. In principle, this known burner arrangement are operated in very different modes of operation using different fuels, which is why such burners are also referred to as hybrid burners.
Erfindungsgemaß befindet sich am unteren äußeren Rand desAccording to the invention is located on the lower outer edge of the
Hauptbrenners 1 ein Ringkanal 9, welcher mit Auslaßoffnungen 10 in Verbindung steht, welche im Auslaßbereich des Hauptbrenners 1 ringförmig angeordnet sind. Die Abstände dieser Auslaßoffnungen können je nach Bedarf gleichmaßig oder un- gleichmaßig sein. Auch die Formen und Querschnittsflachen dieser Auslaßoffnungen 10 sind je nach Bedarf in weiten Grenzen variierbar, wobei gleichmaßig verteilte runde Auslaßoff- nungen 10 bevorzugt werden. Im vorliegenden Ausfuhrungsbeispiel weist die Brennstoffversorgung der Auslaßoffnungen 10 einen unteren Ringkanal 9 auf, der über eine Drosselstelle mit einem oberen Ringkanal 11 in Verbindung steht, welcher wiederum über eine BrennstoffZuleitung 13 und ein Ventil 14 mit Brennstoff, vorzugsweise Brenngas, versorgt wird. Bei dieser Ausfuhrungsform ist der Druck in dem oberen Ringkanal 11 etwa konstant, da der Hauptdruckverlust an der Drosselstelle 12 auftritt. Der untere Ringkanal 9 kann äußere Druckschwingungen in der Flamme des Hauptbrenners teilweise ausgleichen und wirkt so als eine Art Resonanzkämmer. Ist der Druck in der Flamme hoch, so strömt kurzzeitig nur wenig Brennstoff durch die Auslaßoffnungen 10 des sekundären Pilotbrenners, bei wieder abfallendem Außendruck strömt mehr Brenngas nach. Dieses Verhalten dampft Außenschwingungen und vermindert damit das Brummen, welches bei Instabilitäten der Flammen in einer Feuerungsanlage auftreten kann.Main burner 1 is an annular channel 9 which is connected to outlet openings 10 which are arranged in a ring shape in the outlet region of the main burner 1. The distances between these outlet openings can be uniform or non-uniform as required. The shapes and cross-sectional areas of these outlet openings 10 can also be varied within wide limits, depending on requirements, with uniformly distributed round outlet openings 10 being preferred. In the present exemplary embodiment, the fuel supply to the outlet openings 10 has a lower ring channel 9, which is connected via a throttle point to an upper ring channel 11, which in turn is supplied with fuel, preferably fuel gas, via a fuel feed line 13 and a valve 14. In this embodiment, the pressure in the upper ring channel 11 is approximately constant since the main pressure loss occurs at the throttle point 12. The lower ring channel 9 can partially compensate for external pressure vibrations in the flame of the main burner and thus acts as a kind of resonance chamber. If the pressure in the flame is high, only a little fuel flows briefly through the outlet openings 10 of the secondary pilot burner, and when the external pressure drops again, more fuel gas flows in. This behavior dampens external vibrations and thus reduces the hum that can occur if the flames are unstable in a furnace.
Die vorliegende Erfindung eignet sich besonders zur zusatzlichen Stabilisierung von Brenneranordnungen in Gasturbinenkammern und vermeidet das Zurückschlagen der Flamme in einer Brenneranordnung oder vermindert zumindest das sich daraus ergebende Brummen. The present invention is particularly suitable for the additional stabilization of burner arrangements in gas turbine chambers and prevents the flame from striking back in a burner arrangement or at least reduces the resulting hum.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Brenneranordnung für eine Feuerungsanlage, insbesondere eine Gasturbinenbrennkammer, mit einem Hauptbrenner (1) und einem zentral darin angeordneten primären Pilotbrenner (15), der zum Zünden und/oder zum Stabilisieren der Verbrennung des Hauptbrenners dient, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß im Auslaßbereich des Hauptbrenners (1) ein sekundärer Pilotbrenner mit einer Mehrzahl von Auslaßöffnungen (10) angeordnet ist.1. Burner arrangement for a furnace, in particular a gas turbine combustion chamber, with a main burner (1) and a primary pilot burner (15) arranged therein, which serves to ignite and / or stabilize the combustion of the main burner, characterized in that in the outlet area of the main burner ( 1) a secondary pilot burner with a plurality of outlet openings (10) is arranged.
2. Brenneranordnung nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß im Auslaßbereich des Hauptbrenners (1) ein umlaufender Ringkanal (9, 11) angeordnet ist, der mit einer BrennstoffZuleitung2. Burner arrangement according to claim 1, so that a circumferential ring channel (9, 11) is arranged in the outlet region of the main burner (1) and is connected to a fuel feed line
(13) verbunden ist und mit den Auslaßöffnungen (10) in Verbindung steht.(13) is connected and communicates with the outlet openings (10).
3. Brenneranordnung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß der umlaufende Ringkanal einen unteren Ringkanal (9) und einen oberen Ringkanal (11) aufweist, welche über eine Drosselstelle (12) miteinander verbunden sind, wobei der obere Ringkanal (11) mit der BrennstoffZuleitung (13) verbunden ist und der untere Ringkanal (9) mit den Auslaßöffnungen (10) in Verbindung steht.3. Burner arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the circumferential ring channel has a lower ring channel (9) and an upper ring channel (11) which are connected to one another via a throttle point (12), the upper ring channel (11) with the Fuel feed line (13) is connected and the lower ring channel (9) communicates with the outlet openings (10).
4. Brenneranordnung nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die Aus- läßöffnungen (10) mit etwa gleichen Abständen ringförmig im Auslaßbereich des Hauptbrenners (1) angeordnet sind.4. Burner arrangement according to claim 1, 2 or 3, so that the outlet openings (10) are arranged in an annular manner at approximately equal distances in the outlet region of the main burner (1).
5. Brenneranordnung nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die Aus- laßöffnungen (10) mit unterschiedlichen Abständen ringförmig im Auslaßbereich des Hauptbrenners (1) angeordnet sind. 5. Burner arrangement according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the outlet openings (10) with different distances are arranged in a ring in the outlet region of the main burner (1).
6. Brenneranordnung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die Auslaßöffnungen (10) rund oder oval sind.6. Burner arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the outlet openings (10) are round or oval.
7. Brenneranordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die Auslaßöffnungen (10) eine polygonale Berandung haben, insbesondere in Form eines Dreiecks mit in Gasströmungsrichtung zeigender Spitze.7. Burner arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 5, so that the outlet openings (10) have a polygonal border, in particular in the form of a triangle with a tip pointing in the gas flow direction.
8. Brenneranordnung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß BrennstoffZuleitung (13), umlaufender Ringkanal (9, 11) und Auslaßöffnungen (10) so ausgelegt sind, daß zwischen 0 und 10 % der bei Grundlast von der Brenneranordnung benötigten Brennstoffmenge den Auslaßöffnungen (10) zuführbar sind, insbesondere in Form von Brenngas .8. Burner arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fuel feed line (13), circumferential annular channel (9, 11) and outlet openings (10) are designed in such a way that between 0 and 10% of the amount of fuel required by the burner arrangement at base load reaches the outlet openings ( 10) can be supplied, in particular in the form of fuel gas.
9. Brenneranordnung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß der9. Burner arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the
Hauptbrenner (1) und der primäre Pilotbrenner (15) im Vor- mischbetrieb, im Diffusionsbetrieb oder in einem Mischbetrieb aus beiden Betriebsarten betreibbar sind, wobei der Hauptbrenner (1) und der primäre Pilotbrenner (15) auch für wahl- weisen Betrieb mit flüssigen und gasförmigen Brennstoffen ausgelegt sein können.The main burner (1) and the primary pilot burner (15) can be operated in premix mode, diffusion mode or in a mixed mode from both operating modes, the main burner (1) and the primary pilot burner (15) also being able to be operated selectively with liquid and gaseous fuels can be designed.
10. Brenneranordnung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß der se- kundäre Pilotbrenner mit einem vorgemischten Gemisch aus Brennstoff und Luft als Vormischbrenner betreibbar ist.10. Burner arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, that the secondary pilot burner can be operated with a premixed mixture of fuel and air as a premix burner.
11. Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Brenneranordnung, insbesondere zur Vermeidung des Rückschiagens einer Flamme und des damit verbundenen Brummens der Brenneranordnung, wobei die Brenneranordnung einen von einem primären Pilotbrenner (15) stabilisierten Hauptbrenner (1) aufweist, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die Flamme des Hauptbrenners (1) durch einen sekundären Pilotbrenner zusätzlich stabilisiert wird, wobei der sekundäre Pilotbrenner mehrere um den Auslaßbereich des Hauptbrenners (1) herum verteilte Auslaßöffnungen (10) aufweist, die separat gesteuert oder geregelt mit Brennstoff oder Brennstoffgemisch versorgt werden. 11. Method for operating a burner arrangement, in particular to avoid the backward flashing of a flame and the associated humming of the burner arrangement, the burner arrangement having a main burner (1) stabilized by a primary pilot burner (15), characterized in that the flame of the main burner (1) is additionally stabilized by a secondary pilot burner, the secondary pilot burner having a plurality of outlet openings (10) distributed around the outlet region of the main burner (1), which are supplied separately or controlled with fuel or fuel mixture .
EP99952372A 1998-08-27 1999-08-12 Burner arrangement with primary and secondary pilot burners Expired - Lifetime EP1110034B1 (en)

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DE19839085A DE19839085C2 (en) 1998-08-27 1998-08-27 Burner arrangement with primary and secondary pilot burner
DE19839085 1998-08-27
PCT/DE1999/002520 WO2000012936A1 (en) 1998-08-27 1999-08-12 Burner arrangement with primary and secondary pilot burners

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2738460A1 (en) 2012-11-29 2014-06-04 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Combustion system of a flow engine
EP3059500A1 (en) 2015-02-20 2016-08-24 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method for operating a combustion system
EP3059501A1 (en) 2015-02-20 2016-08-24 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method for operating a combustion system
WO2016131635A1 (en) 2015-02-20 2016-08-25 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method for operating a combustion system

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Publication number Publication date
EP1110034B1 (en) 2003-04-23
WO2000012936A1 (en) 2000-03-09
DE19839085A1 (en) 2000-03-02
DE59905222D1 (en) 2003-05-28
JP2002523721A (en) 2002-07-30
US6632084B2 (en) 2003-10-14
DE19839085C2 (en) 2000-06-08
US20010024774A1 (en) 2001-09-27

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