EP1109247A1 - Téléphone mobile et procédé de commande de rayons émis vers le corps d'un utilisateur - Google Patents

Téléphone mobile et procédé de commande de rayons émis vers le corps d'un utilisateur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1109247A1
EP1109247A1 EP99125183A EP99125183A EP1109247A1 EP 1109247 A1 EP1109247 A1 EP 1109247A1 EP 99125183 A EP99125183 A EP 99125183A EP 99125183 A EP99125183 A EP 99125183A EP 1109247 A1 EP1109247 A1 EP 1109247A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
user
mobile telephone
antenna elements
signal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP99125183A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1109247B1 (fr
Inventor
Mikael B. Knudsen
Gert Frolund Pedersen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to DK99125183T priority Critical patent/DK1109247T3/da
Priority to DE69917044T priority patent/DE69917044T2/de
Priority to EP99125183A priority patent/EP1109247B1/fr
Publication of EP1109247A1 publication Critical patent/EP1109247A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1109247B1 publication Critical patent/EP1109247B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/242—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
    • H01Q1/245—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use with means for shaping the antenna pattern, e.g. in order to protect user against rf exposure

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for controlling the radiation pattern sent into the body of an user of a mobile telephone and a mobile telephone using a first and second antenna element. It is already known to use antenna diversity by applying signals to different antennas.
  • the method and the mobile telephone according to the invention have the advantage, that by using two antennas with a different radiation pattern in the near field, the concentration of the radiation in the body of the user of a mobile telephone is influenced. It can thereby be avoided to have single "hot spots" in the body of the user where a considerable amount of energy of the sending signal is lost. A potential health hazard of an user of the mobile telephone is therefore reduced. Further the total amount of radiation lost in the body of an user is reduced by selecting for at least for a part of the sending signal the antenna creating the minimum absolute power loss in the body of the user.
  • the simplest way to vary the signal at the two antenna elements is by using a switch and directing the signal to either of the first or second antenna elements. Further the signal can be split by a power splitter. A very easy way for doing that is between bursts of a burst structure of the signals. By measuring the received signals over a sufficient long period it is possible to determining the influence of the user to the absolute power loss of the signals. It is then possible to detect which of the two antenna elements has the minimum loss of energy in the body of the user.
  • FIG. 1 the head of the user with a mobile telephone
  • figure 2 to 4 different ways to vary the signal at the first and second antenna elements
  • figure 5 and 6 an antenna arrangement with two antenna elements
  • figure 7 and 8 the switching of signals for the antenna arrangement of figure 5 and 6.
  • Figure 1 shows a head 104 of an user of a mobile telephone.
  • the mobile telephone has the reference number 101 and is shown in a usual position when operated. Normally the telephone is held near the head of the user 104 and the mobile telephone 101 is pressed against the ear of the user. In this operating position part of the radio signal that is send from the mobile telephone 101 to a base station of the mobile telephone system is radiated into the head of the user 104.
  • These radio signals which are send into the head of the user are suspected to have a negative effect to the health of the user. It is therefore desirable to reduce the absolute amount of radiation emitted into the body of the user.
  • "Hot spots" should be to avoided, that means areas, in which the energy per volume is very high.
  • This energy per volume is often called "peak SAR" (Specific Absorption Rate) that is defined as energy per unit volume.
  • SAR is used in various standards of different national or multinational standardisation bodies all over the world. The definition of the SAR changes with the different standards, but in general it is defined as absorbed energy per volume. Very close to antennas in the so called near field very high SAR values can occur, that are localized in very small areas. This is shown in figure 1 where the mobile telephone 101 has two antennas 5. Associated to each of these antennas 5 there is inside the head of the user 104 a hot spot 103. If the mobile telephone 101 has only one antenna 5 then there will be typically only one "hot spot" 103 that is localized always at the same region in the head 104.
  • each antenna 5 can have a seperate "hot spot" 103.
  • the antennas 5 are made to have distinct radiation patterns in the near field, that means in the close vicinity of the antennas 5.
  • the radiation pattern in the body of the user can be significantly influenced simply by using only one of two antennas 5 at the same time and switching the antennas so that they are only operated half of the time.
  • a simple way to achieve this is to operate each of the antennas 5 only every second burst.
  • the radiation pattern inside the head of the user 104 can be controlled and the radiation load for a specific volume can be reduced.
  • the SAR can be reduced up to 50 %, with three antennas up to 67 % etc. Multiple antennas can therefore be used to reduce the peak SAR inside the body of an user.
  • multiple antennas can be used to enhance the quality of the connection between the mobile telephone and the base station by controlling the radiation pattern sent into the body of the user.
  • the results show that users tend to change their individual position of holding the mobile telephone very little. So the position of holding the telephone during a telephone communication is very stabile.
  • the investigation of the user behavior showed that there are significant differences between different users, resulting in individual differences of up to 10 dB in the received or send radion signal depending on the individual user. There are users that absorb up to 10 dB more of the radio signals than others. So the link quality can vary up to 10 dB depending on which user is using the telephone and how the telephone is hold in this specific telephone call.
  • the energy of the sending signal of mobile telephone 101 can be regulated as it is the case in GSM, not only the radiation emitted into the body of the user is reduced, but also the power consumption of the mobile telephone because the mobile telephone can use a lower energy level for sending. This is also the case if not only one of the multiple antennas is selective for sending but if there is fixed pattern or sequence in which the multiple antennas are used for sending signals. Every time the antenna having the low loss characteristics is used the amount of radiation in the body of the user is reduced.
  • the correlation of the body loss of the user for the reception and the sending of signals was also found when the sending and receiving of the signals is separated in the frequency domain.
  • the received signal depends on the frequency used and the actual geometrical data of the sending channel between the base station and the mobile station. If a plurality of subsequent measurements are made it is therefore clear that there are strong variations of the measurements. The only thing that is the same over all measurements is the individual behaviour of the user or the user dependent attenuation of the received signals. Although there is a strong variation of the signal a plurality of subsequent measurements give a good idea which of the multiple antennas is, with respect to the specific user, a good antenna having the lowest body loss in the body of the user.
  • This antenna is also the antenna that shows the minimum sending loss. This is even true for a system like GSM and nearly all other mobile systems where the sending and receiving signals have different frequency.
  • the measurement of the received signals must be compared over a plurality of bursts, to insure that the user influences on the signal is measured and not some short time variation due to the variant geographical influences.
  • Figure 2 shows a first example how a first and second antenna element 5 are operated according to the invention.
  • Reference no. 1 indicates a baseband controller that supplies the data that are to be send with the radio signal. Further the baseband controller 1 supplies control information that are used to control all elements in the mobile station.
  • the baseband controller 1 sends and receives information from the transceiver 2.
  • the transceiver 2 has the function to modulate the radio frequency signals with the data supplied by the baseband controller for sending this information over the radio interface. Further the transceiver has a function to receive data send over the radio interface and to transform this data into baseband data suppied to the baseband controller 1. The transceiver is therefore used for modulating or demodulating the data onto the radio frequency.
  • the output and input of the transceiver 2 are connected to a switch 4.
  • the switch 4 can established a connection between the transceiver 2 and one of the two antennas 5. If the antenna 4 is switched to the upper antenna 5 of figure 2 then a connection is established between this upper antenna 5 and the transceiver 2. Then the transceiver 2 can send and receive radio signals to or from the upper antenna 5 as shown in figure 2. In figure 2 this is indicated by an arrow between the switch 4 and the upper antenna 5.
  • the switch 4 is controlled by a control logic 3.
  • the control logic 3 is controlled by a signal from the baseband controller 1.
  • the switching arrangement as shown figure 2 works as following with the invention.
  • the baseband controller 1 supplies a switching signal to the control logic 3 that is operating the switch 4.
  • the messages are send in bursts. Every burst the position of the switch 4 is changed, thereby sending one burst to the upper antenna 5 and the next burst to the lower antenna 5.
  • the power concentration that is very high in the "hot spots" 103 is reduced by simply sending energy in the two "hot spots" as shown in figure 1 only every second burst.
  • the absolute absorbed power in the body of the user is reduced compared to the worse of the two antennas 5.
  • the absolute power loss in the body of the user is not so good compared to the situation where the best of the two antennas 5 is selected.
  • a further reduction of the body loss can therefore be achieved by selecting the antenna 5 that is the best antenna for the sending of signals.
  • the situation changes very quickly when the mobile station is moved. What remains a constant influence is the influence of the user that is different for the different antennas 5.
  • the influence of the specific user of the mobile telephone can be determined and the one antenna that is less influenced by the user can be selected for the sending of radio signals. Then for the device as shown in figure 2 it is at every point of time only possible to have one of the two antennas 5 connected to the transceiver 2.
  • FIG 3 shows a different arrangement in which a power splitter 6 is used instead of a switch.
  • the reference numbers 1, 2, 3 and 5 show the same elements as in figure 1.
  • the control logic 3 supplies here a control signal that indicates a fraction of the power of the radio frequency signal to be directed to the upper antenna 5 or the lower antenna 5.
  • This power splitter 6 is therefore a variable power splitter so that the energy of the send radio signal is divided on two antennas with variable fraction. For example it is possible to send one third of the energy in the upper antenna and two third of the energy in the lower antenna.
  • the respective "hot spots" inside the head of the user 104 as shown in figure 1 have a respective higher or lower energy. The energy is thereby distributed over two "hot spots”.
  • FIG. 4 A different concept for a variable power splitter is shown in figure 4.
  • the reference numbers 1, 2, 3 and 5 indicate the same devices as described in figure 3.
  • the control logic 3 supplies two signals that are used to control the amplification of amplifiers 8. These amplifiers 8, that are associated to each of the antennas 5, are thereby controlled by the control logic 3.
  • a fixed energy splitter 7 that divides the radio signal energy in two more or less equal parts, which are then amplified by the amplifiers 8.
  • the amplification of the amplifiers 8 is controlled by the control logic 3 so that the signals strength at each of the antennas 5 can be controlled.
  • the fixed splitter 7 and the subsequent two amplifiers 8 are simply a different method of producing a variable power splitting of the radio signal supplied by the transceiver 2.
  • FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of the antenna element.
  • Figure 6 shows a view along line VI-VI of figure 5.
  • the antenna element of figures 5 and 6 comprises a conductive plate 11 that is located above and substantially parallel to a ground plate 10.
  • the ground plate 10 is for example the backside of a mobile telephone.
  • Electrically connected to the conductive plate 11 is a first feed pin 14 and a second feed pin 15 and a first ground pin 12 and a second ground pin 13.
  • the ground plate 10 is in general the backside of a mobile telephone and is connected to a ground potential.
  • One example for the ground plate 10 and the conductive plate 11 are, that the ground plate 10 is the backside of a metal housing of a mobile telephone and the conductive plate 11 is a metal plate. This metal plate is then held above the ground plate 10 with the help of the first and second feeding pins and the first and second ground pin.
  • Another example for the ground plate 10 and the conductive plate 11 is the used of insulating bodies, for example plastic or ceramic materials with a metall coating.
  • the first and second feed pins 14, 15 and the first and second ground pins 12, 13 are made from a conductive material, in general a metal and are electrically connected to the conductive plate 11.
  • the pins 12, 13, 14, 15 are electrically not directly connected to the ground plate 10 but are connected to switches 21, 22, that are shown in figure 7 and 8.
  • Figure 7 and 8 show a first switch 21 that has two output connections that are connected to the first and second feeding pin 14, 15. Further the switch 21 comprises two input connection, a first input connection 23 for an antenna signal 23 and a second input connection 24 for a control signal.
  • the antenna signal 23 is the radio signal, that has to be sent over the antenna arrangement. Depending on the control signal 24, the switch 21 either directs the antenna signal 23 to the first feed pin 14 or connects the antenna signal 23 to the second feed pin 15.
  • the connection of the feeding pin 14 is shown in figure 7 and the connection of the feeding pin 15 is shown in figure 8. Further figures 7 and 8 show a second switch 22.
  • the second switch 22 comprises an output connection that is connected to the first ground pin 12 and a second output connection is connected to the second ground pin 13. Further the second switch 22 comprises an input 25 that is connected to a ground potential 25, that is a same ground potential as being applied to the ground plate 10. Further the second switch 22 comprises an input for the control signal 24. Depending on the control signal the second switch 22 connects the ground potential 25 either to the first ground pin 12 or the second ground pin 13.
  • the connection of the ground potential 25 to the first ground pin 12 is shown in figure 7.
  • the connection of the ground potential 25 to the second ground pin 13 is shown in figure 8.
  • the first switch 21 and the second switch 22 are operated simultaneously by the control signal. If the first feeding pin 14 is connected to the antenna signal 23 then the first ground pin 12 is connected to the ground potential 25 (figure 7). If the second feeding pin 15 is connected to the antenna signal 23 then the second ground pin 13 is connected to the ground potential 25 (figure 8).
  • antenna diversity the mobile telephone can send and receive radio signals with a different radiation pattern.
  • the antenna arrangement of firure 5 -9 can therfor be used to reduce the SAR and the absolute power loss in the body of a user as described with respect to the figures 1 -4.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
EP99125183A 1999-12-17 1999-12-17 Téléphone mobile et procédé de commande de rayons émis vers le corps d'un utilisateur Expired - Lifetime EP1109247B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK99125183T DK1109247T3 (da) 1999-12-17 1999-12-17 Mobiltelefon og fremgangsmåde til styring af den stråling, der sendes ind i kroppen
DE69917044T DE69917044T2 (de) 1999-12-17 1999-12-17 Mobiltelephon und Verfahren zur Steuerung der in den Körper eines Nutzers gesendeten Strahlung
EP99125183A EP1109247B1 (fr) 1999-12-17 1999-12-17 Téléphone mobile et procédé de commande de rayons émis vers le corps d'un utilisateur

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP99125183A EP1109247B1 (fr) 1999-12-17 1999-12-17 Téléphone mobile et procédé de commande de rayons émis vers le corps d'un utilisateur

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1109247A1 true EP1109247A1 (fr) 2001-06-20
EP1109247B1 EP1109247B1 (fr) 2004-05-06

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ID=8239643

Family Applications (1)

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EP99125183A Expired - Lifetime EP1109247B1 (fr) 1999-12-17 1999-12-17 Téléphone mobile et procédé de commande de rayons émis vers le corps d'un utilisateur

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Country Link
EP (1) EP1109247B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE69917044T2 (fr)
DK (1) DK1109247T3 (fr)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1280227A2 (fr) * 2001-07-20 2003-01-29 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Deux antennes capable de commander la caractéristique de rayonnement dans un terminal de communication mobile
FR2865071A1 (fr) * 2004-01-09 2005-07-15 Sagem Procede de diminution d'une puissance emise localement par un telephone mobile
WO2005086277A2 (fr) * 2004-02-25 2005-09-15 Philips Intellectual Property & Standards Gmbh Reseau d'antennes
KR100575718B1 (ko) * 2003-04-10 2006-05-03 엘지전자 주식회사 휴대단말기의 이중안테나 스위칭 장치 및 방법과 고주파접점구조
EP1746735A1 (fr) * 2005-07-20 2007-01-24 Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications AB Appareil et procédé pour contrôle d'antenne
WO2007009972A1 (fr) * 2005-07-20 2007-01-25 Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications Ab Systeme de commande d'antennes et procede associe
WO2008000713A2 (fr) * 2006-06-30 2008-01-03 Palm, Inc. Terminal mobile émetteur et récepteur s'utilisant dans un système de télécommunications sans fil
CN102623791A (zh) * 2011-01-28 2012-08-01 深圳富泰宏精密工业有限公司 通讯设备及其天线特性调整方法
US20120196549A1 (en) * 2011-01-28 2012-08-02 Chi Mei Communication Systems, Inc. Communication device
US20130045700A1 (en) * 2011-08-18 2013-02-21 Michael J. Stallman Wireless electronic device with antenna cycling
WO2018058409A1 (fr) * 2016-09-29 2018-04-05 深圳天珑无线科技有限公司 Système d'antenne, terminal et procédé et système de traitement de signal

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0752735A1 (fr) * 1995-07-06 1997-01-08 DeTeMobil Deutsche Telekom MobilNet GmbH Dispositif d'anntenne pour des terminaux de communication mobiles
WO1998001919A2 (fr) * 1996-07-05 1998-01-15 Bosch Telecom Danmark A/S Appareil portatif a systeme d'antenne pour l'emission de signaux radioelectriques, support et procede de transmission des signaux entre l'appareil et le support
EP0871236A2 (fr) * 1997-04-11 1998-10-14 Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd. Agencement d'antenne pour appareil de communication radio de petite dimension
WO1999052177A2 (fr) * 1998-04-07 1999-10-14 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Appareil de communication portable conçu pour commander, d'une maniere tributaire de l'etat, des structures de selection non homogenes parmi des diagrammes possibles de directivite d'antenne
EP0954050A1 (fr) * 1993-05-27 1999-11-03 Griffith University Antennes destinées à des dispositifs de communications portables
EP0959525A2 (fr) * 1998-05-23 1999-11-24 Robert Bosch Gmbh Agencement d' antenne et radiotéléphone
EP0977304A1 (fr) * 1998-07-28 2000-02-02 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Appareil de communications, équipement radio mobile, station de base et procédé de contrôle de puissance

Family Cites Families (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5991643A (en) * 1997-11-28 1999-11-23 Acer Peripherals, Inc. Radio transceiver having switchable antennas

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0954050A1 (fr) * 1993-05-27 1999-11-03 Griffith University Antennes destinées à des dispositifs de communications portables
EP0752735A1 (fr) * 1995-07-06 1997-01-08 DeTeMobil Deutsche Telekom MobilNet GmbH Dispositif d'anntenne pour des terminaux de communication mobiles
WO1998001919A2 (fr) * 1996-07-05 1998-01-15 Bosch Telecom Danmark A/S Appareil portatif a systeme d'antenne pour l'emission de signaux radioelectriques, support et procede de transmission des signaux entre l'appareil et le support
EP0871236A2 (fr) * 1997-04-11 1998-10-14 Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd. Agencement d'antenne pour appareil de communication radio de petite dimension
WO1999052177A2 (fr) * 1998-04-07 1999-10-14 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Appareil de communication portable conçu pour commander, d'une maniere tributaire de l'etat, des structures de selection non homogenes parmi des diagrammes possibles de directivite d'antenne
EP0959525A2 (fr) * 1998-05-23 1999-11-24 Robert Bosch Gmbh Agencement d' antenne et radiotéléphone
EP0977304A1 (fr) * 1998-07-28 2000-02-02 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Appareil de communications, équipement radio mobile, station de base et procédé de contrôle de puissance

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1280227A2 (fr) * 2001-07-20 2003-01-29 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Deux antennes capable de commander la caractéristique de rayonnement dans un terminal de communication mobile
EP1280227A3 (fr) * 2001-07-20 2003-03-19 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Deux antennes capable de commander la caractéristique de rayonnement dans un terminal de communication mobile
US6707431B2 (en) 2001-07-20 2004-03-16 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Dual antenna capable of controlling radiation characteristics in a mobile communication terminal
KR100575718B1 (ko) * 2003-04-10 2006-05-03 엘지전자 주식회사 휴대단말기의 이중안테나 스위칭 장치 및 방법과 고주파접점구조
FR2865071A1 (fr) * 2004-01-09 2005-07-15 Sagem Procede de diminution d'une puissance emise localement par un telephone mobile
WO2005086277A2 (fr) * 2004-02-25 2005-09-15 Philips Intellectual Property & Standards Gmbh Reseau d'antennes
WO2005086277A3 (fr) * 2004-02-25 2006-05-11 Philips Intellectual Property Reseau d'antennes
WO2007009972A1 (fr) * 2005-07-20 2007-01-25 Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications Ab Systeme de commande d'antennes et procede associe
EP1746735A1 (fr) * 2005-07-20 2007-01-24 Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications AB Appareil et procédé pour contrôle d'antenne
WO2008000713A2 (fr) * 2006-06-30 2008-01-03 Palm, Inc. Terminal mobile émetteur et récepteur s'utilisant dans un système de télécommunications sans fil
WO2008000713A3 (fr) * 2006-06-30 2008-02-28 Benq Mobile Gmbh & Co Ohg Terminal mobile émetteur et récepteur s'utilisant dans un système de télécommunications sans fil
EP2023436A1 (fr) * 2006-06-30 2009-02-11 Palm, Inc. Terminal mobile avec deux antennes pour réduire l'exposition aux rayonnements radiofréquence de l'utilisateur.
CN102623791A (zh) * 2011-01-28 2012-08-01 深圳富泰宏精密工业有限公司 通讯设备及其天线特性调整方法
US20120196549A1 (en) * 2011-01-28 2012-08-02 Chi Mei Communication Systems, Inc. Communication device
US20130045700A1 (en) * 2011-08-18 2013-02-21 Michael J. Stallman Wireless electronic device with antenna cycling
US8626101B2 (en) * 2011-08-18 2014-01-07 Apple Inc. Wireless electronic device with antenna cycling
WO2018058409A1 (fr) * 2016-09-29 2018-04-05 深圳天珑无线科技有限公司 Système d'antenne, terminal et procédé et système de traitement de signal

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK1109247T3 (da) 2004-08-02
EP1109247B1 (fr) 2004-05-06
DE69917044D1 (de) 2004-06-09
DE69917044T2 (de) 2004-09-09

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