EP1105675B1 - Separator for a water-steam separating device - Google Patents

Separator for a water-steam separating device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1105675B1
EP1105675B1 EP99952292A EP99952292A EP1105675B1 EP 1105675 B1 EP1105675 B1 EP 1105675B1 EP 99952292 A EP99952292 A EP 99952292A EP 99952292 A EP99952292 A EP 99952292A EP 1105675 B1 EP1105675 B1 EP 1105675B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
separator
water
steam
separating
side outlet
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EP99952292A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1105675A1 (en
Inventor
Holger Schmidt
Eberhard Wittchow
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/26—Steam-separating arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/26—Steam-separating arrangements
    • F22B37/32—Steam-separating arrangements using centrifugal force

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a separator for separation of water and steam, with a steam-side outlet pipe and with a water-side outlet pipe and with a Separation space between a number of inlet pipes and a swirl breaker upstream of the water-side outlet pipe. It also refers to a water-steam separator, especially for a once-through steam generator, with at least one such separator, which with a Water collecting vessel is connected.
  • a centrifugal water separator is known from DAS 1 081 474, where the ratio of diameter to height is about 1: 6 and should be more. Furthermore, from the article by Jürgen Vollrath: steam separation in boiling water and boiling superheater reactors, from Technical Monitoring 9 (1968), No. 2, pages 46 to 50, known a ratio of the diameter of 52% of a separator outlet pipe on the steam side to choose the inside diameter of the separator.
  • Farther is a water-steam separation device from JP 1-31 23 04 A. known in which a water-side connected to the separator Water collecting vessel arranged at a vertical height is determined by the vertical height of the separator.
  • a separator of the generic type is for example known from GB-A-1164996.
  • a separator known from DE 42 42 144 A1 is usually used in the evaporation system of a steam generator, in particular a continuous steam generator used. Depending on Steam generator output is often several arranged in parallel Separator inside a water-steam separator connected to a common water collecting vessel. In particular when starting up such a once-through steam generator generally fall in the evaporation system large amounts of water. The or each separator serves for the separation of water and steam, the water in the Evaporator circuit returned and the steam as possible is led free of water drops into a superheater.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of a separator for a water-steam separator, that with low pressure loss and high separation efficiency and the smallest possible wall thickness, particularly heat-elastic is. Furthermore, a suitable method is said for the operation of a number of such separators Water-steam separator for a once-through steam generator can be specified.
  • the object is achieved according to the invention solved by the features of claim 1.
  • the length of the separating space is at least 5 times the inside diameter.
  • the length of the separation chamber is defined by the distance between that through the inlet pipes of the separator determined entry level and the top edge of the swirl breaker underneath.
  • the ratio of the total flow cross section of the entry pipes to the square of the The inside diameter of the separation chamber is between 0.2 and 0.3.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that in surprising Way with a separator, especially with a Cyclone separator, with a swirl breaker the pressure loss in the Separation room is comparatively high, while by that steam-side outlet pipe was more likely to cause pressure losses are low. Not during this behavior in the literature reproduced, however, could with a cyclone separator can be arithmetically confirmed without swirl breaker that there significant pressure losses when entering the steam side Outlet pipe and occur in the outlet pipe itself while the pressure losses in the separation room are only low.
  • the invention proceeds from the Consideration that through targeted constructive training of the separator, the pressure loss components in different Sections of the separator can be coordinated with one another in this way are that their sum with high medium throughput and more effective Separation effect reached a minimum. It sits down the pressure loss from an inlet pressure loss portion and from a frictional pressure loss share in the downward and Upward flow of the water-steam mixture entering the separator as well as from the deflection pressure loss share of the downward into the upward flow and from the inlet pressure loss portion into the steam-side outlet pipe together.
  • the mass flow density is defined as the throughput in [kg / s] divided by the cross-sectional area in [m 2 ] determined by the inner diameter in [m] of the separator and thus its separating space.
  • the inside diameter DA [m] of the steam-side outlet pipe is preferably 40% to 60% of the inside diameter of the separator.
  • FIG 1 shows a separator or cyclone separator 1 in the Longitudinal section (FIG 1a), the cross section shown in FIG 1b is.
  • the separator 1 has an upper steam-side one Outlet pipe 2 and a lower water-side outlet pipe 3 on. Below the steam-side outlet pipe 2 are in an inflow lying near its inlet opening 4 or entrance level E distributed around the circumference of the separator 1 delegated entry pipes 5 for a in water W and Steam D to be separated water-steam mixture WD provided.
  • Below the entrance level E of the inlet pipes 5 are claws 7 on the wall 8 of the separator 1 attached this in its Hold the installation position.
  • This arrangement of the inlet pipes 5 is used in the Separator 1 inflowing water-steam mixture WD on the one hand led down to the bottom area 6 of the separator 1 and on the other hand provide a twist.
  • the separation of water W and steam D takes place by centrifugal force, whereby the steam D centrally upwards and the water downwards is dissipated.
  • To break the twist in the outlet pipe 3 flowing water W is in the bottom area 6 of the A swirl breaker 9 is provided in separator 1. This prevents entrainment of steam D in the outlet pipe 3 and hindered a promotion of already separated water W back to separator 1, i.e. a reflux in its separation room 10th
  • the length A of the separating space 10 of the separator 1 defined between the entry plane E and the upper edge B of the swirl breaker 7 is at least 5 times the internal diameter DI of the separator 1
  • the ratio K between the total cross section F of the inlet pipes 5 and the square of the inner diameter DI of the separator 1 and thus of the separating space 10 is between 0.2 and 0.3, preferably between 0.21 and 0.26.
  • the steam-side outlet pipe 2 expediently has an inner diameter DA which is between 40% and 60% of the inner diameter DI of the separating space 10.
  • DA inner diameter of the steam-side outlet pipe 2
  • F KDI 2
  • a ⁇ 5DI A ⁇ 5DI.
  • the water-steam separator 11 comprises one or more Separator 1 according to FIG 1.
  • the or each separator 1 is on the water side via a connected to its outlet pipe 3 Connection line 14 with a water collection vessel 15 connected.
  • the introduction of the connecting line 14 from separator 1 into water collecting vessel 15 expediently below its water level WS, so that a calm water surface is ensured.
  • the or each separator 1 and the water collecting vessel 15 arranged to each other so that the top or upper edge OK maximum half the length L of the separator 1 reached.
  • the length L is measured between the top end OE and the lower end UE of the separator 1.
  • Half Length (1/2 L) is related to its lower end UE and thus measured from there.
  • the water-steam mixture WD generated in its evaporator 12 flows into the separator 1 via the inlet pipes 5 and is swirled there due to the at least approximately tangential inflow.
  • water W and steam D are separated from one another.
  • the separated steam D flows through the steam-side outlet pipe 2 and a steam line 16 connected to it into the superheater 13 of the continuous steam generator 13, while the separated water W flows through the swirl breaker 9 and the connecting line 14 into the water collecting vessel 15.
  • the throughput M [kg / s] through the separator 1, based on the full load operation of the once-through steam generator, is set in relation to the inside diameter DI of the separating space 10 in accordance with the relationship M 630 630 ⁇ DI 2 .

Abstract

A separator separates water and steam. The separator has a steam-side outlet conduit, a water-side outlet conduit, and a separating chamber between a number of inlet conduits. A swirl breaker is upstream of the water-side outlet conduit. To achieve the lowest possible pressure loss with a simultaneously high medium throughput and an effective separating action, the length of the separating chamber is at least 5 times the internal diameter (DI) of the chamber. Furthermore, the ratio of the overall flow cross section of the inlet conduits to the square of the internal diameter of the separating chamber is between 0.2 and 0.3. Within a water/steam separating apparatus, the separator is connected to a water-collecting tank such that the top end of the latter is located beneath halfway along the length of the separator-calculated from the water-side, bottom end of the same.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Abscheider zur Trennung von Wasser und Dampf, mit einem dampfseitigen Austrittsrohr und mit einem wasserseitigen Austrittsrohr sowie mit einem Abscheideraum zwischen einer Anzahl von Eintrittsrohren und einem dem wasserseitigen Austrittsrohr vorgelagerten Drallbrecher. Sie bezieht sich weiter auf eine Wasser-Dampf-Trenneinrichtung, insbesondere für einen Durchlaufdampferzeuger, mit mindestens einem derartigen Abscheider, der mit einem Wassersammelgefäß verbunden ist.The invention relates to a separator for separation of water and steam, with a steam-side outlet pipe and with a water-side outlet pipe and with a Separation space between a number of inlet pipes and a swirl breaker upstream of the water-side outlet pipe. It also refers to a water-steam separator, especially for a once-through steam generator, with at least one such separator, which with a Water collecting vessel is connected.

Aus DAS 1 081 474 ist ein Fliehkraft-Wasserabscheider bekannt, bei dem das Verhältnis Durchmesser zu Höhe etwa 1:6 und mehr betragen soll. Weiterhin ist aus dem Artikel von Jürgen Vollrath: Dampfabscheidung bei Siedewasser- und Siedeüberhitzerreaktoren, aus Technische Überwachung 9 (1968), Nr. 2, Seiten 46 bis 50, bekannt, ein Verhältnis des Durchmessers von 52% eines dampfseitigen Austrittsrohrs eines Abscheiders zu dem Innendurchmesser des Abscheiders zu wählen. Weiterhin ist aus JP 1-31 23 04 A eine Wasser-Dampf-Trenneinrichtung bekannt, bei der ein wasserseitig mit dem Abscheider verbundenes Wassersammelgefäß in einer vertikalen Höhe angeordnet wird, die sich durch die vertikale Höhe des Abscheiders bestimmt. Ein Abscheider der gattungsmäßigen Art ist beispielsweise aus der GB-A-1164996 bekannt.A centrifugal water separator is known from DAS 1 081 474, where the ratio of diameter to height is about 1: 6 and should be more. Furthermore, from the article by Jürgen Vollrath: steam separation in boiling water and boiling superheater reactors, from Technical Monitoring 9 (1968), No. 2, pages 46 to 50, known a ratio of the diameter of 52% of a separator outlet pipe on the steam side to choose the inside diameter of the separator. Farther is a water-steam separation device from JP 1-31 23 04 A. known in which a water-side connected to the separator Water collecting vessel arranged at a vertical height is determined by the vertical height of the separator. A separator of the generic type is for example known from GB-A-1164996.

Ein aus der DE 42 42 144 A1 bekannter Abscheider wird üblicherweise im Verdampfungssystem eines Dampferzeugers, insbesondere eines Durchlaufdampferzeugers, eingesetzt. Je nach Dampferzeugerleistung sind dabei häufig mehrere parallel angeordnete Abscheider innerhalb einer Wasser-Dampf-Trenneinrichtung mit einem gemeinsamen Wassersammelgefäß verbunden. Insbesondere beim Anfahrbetrieb eines derartigen Durchlaufdampferzeugers fallen im allgemeinen im Verdampfungssystem große Mengen Wasser an. Der oder jeder Abscheider dient dabei zur Trennung von Wasser und Dampf, wobei das Wasser in den Verdampferkreislauf zurückgeführt und der Dampf möglichst frei von Wassertropfen in einen Überhitzer geleitet wird.A separator known from DE 42 42 144 A1 is usually used in the evaporation system of a steam generator, in particular a continuous steam generator used. Depending on Steam generator output is often several arranged in parallel Separator inside a water-steam separator connected to a common water collecting vessel. In particular when starting up such a once-through steam generator generally fall in the evaporation system large amounts of water. The or each separator serves for the separation of water and steam, the water in the Evaporator circuit returned and the steam as possible is led free of water drops into a superheater.

Da ein Durchlaufdampferzeuger im Gegensatz zu einem Naturumlaufdampferzeuger keiner Druckbegrenzung unterliegt und somit Frischdampfdrücke weit über dem kritischen Druck von Wasser (pkrit = 221 bar) möglich sind, können moderne Dampfkraftwerke mit hohen Dampfdrücken von 250 bis 300 bar betrieben werden. Hohe Frischdampfdrücke sind erforderlich, um hohe thermische Wirkungsgrade und damit niedrige Kohlendioxid-Emissionen zu erzielen. Ein besonderes Problem ist dabei die Auslegung der druckführenden Teile, da derart hohe Dampfdrücke zu großen Wanddicken führen, die wiederum die Temperaturtransienten wesentlich reduzieren können.Since a continuous steam generator, in contrast to a natural circulation steam generator, is not subject to any pressure limitation and thus fresh steam pressures far above the critical pressure of water (p crit = 221 bar) are possible, modern steam power plants can be operated with high steam pressures of 250 to 300 bar. High live steam pressures are required to achieve high thermal efficiencies and thus low carbon dioxide emissions. The design of the pressure-carrying parts is a particular problem, since such high vapor pressures lead to large wall thicknesses, which in turn can significantly reduce the temperature transients.

In einem Durchlaufdampferzeuger sind davon insbesondere die Abscheider betroffen, da diese bei Laständerungen im Gleitdruckbetrieb, bei dem sich linear mit der Last der Dampfdruck und damit auch die Siedetemperatur in dem oder jedem Abscheider ändert, erheblichen Temperaturänderungen unterworfen sind. Dadurch ist beim Anfahren und bei Laständerungen die zulässige Temperaturänderungsgeschwindigkeit stark begrenzt. Dies wiederum kann zu unerwünscht langen Anfahrzeiten mit entsprechend hohen Anfahrverlusten und zu einer geringen Laständerungsgeschwindigkeit führen, was wiederum die besonders hohe Flexibilität des Durchlaufdampferzeugers zumindest beim Betrieb mit hohen Dampfdrücken einschränkt.In a continuous steam generator, there are in particular those Separator affected, as this changes when the load changes in sliding pressure operation, where the vapor pressure is linear with the load and thus also the boiling point in the or each separator changes, subject to significant temperature changes are. This means that when starting off and changing loads permissible temperature change rate is severely limited. This in turn can lead to undesirably long start-up times correspondingly high start-up losses and a low load change speed lead, which in turn the most special high flexibility of the continuous steam generator at least when Restricts operation with high steam pressures.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Abscheider für eine Wasser-Dampf-Trenneinrichtung anzugeben, der bei gleichzeitig niedrigem Druckverlust und hohem Abscheidegrad sowie möglichst geringer Wanddicke besonders wärmeelastisch ist. Desweiteren soll ein geeignetes Verfahren zum Betrieb einer eine Anzahl derartiger Abscheider aufweisende Wasser-Dampf-Trenneinrichtung für einen Durchlaufdampferzeuger angegeben werden. The invention is therefore based on the object of a separator for a water-steam separator, that with low pressure loss and high separation efficiency and the smallest possible wall thickness, particularly heat-elastic is. Furthermore, a suitable method is said for the operation of a number of such separators Water-steam separator for a once-through steam generator can be specified.

Bezüglich des Abscheiders wird die Aufgabe erfindungsgemäß gelöst durch die Merkmale des Anspruches 1. Dazu beträgt die Länge dessen Abscheideraums mindestens das 5-fache dessen Innendurchmessers. Dabei ist die Länge des Abscheideraums definiert durch den Abstand zwischen der durch die Eintrittsrohre des Abscheiders bestimmten Eintrittsebene und der Oberkante des darunterliegenden Drallbrechers. Das Verhältnis des Gesamtströmungsquerschnitts der Eintrittsrohre zum Quadrat des Innendurchmessers des Abscheideraums liegt dabei zwischen 0,2 und 0,3.With regard to the separator, the object is achieved according to the invention solved by the features of claim 1. For this, the The length of the separating space is at least 5 times the inside diameter. The length of the separation chamber is defined by the distance between that through the inlet pipes of the separator determined entry level and the top edge of the swirl breaker underneath. The ratio of the total flow cross section of the entry pipes to the square of the The inside diameter of the separation chamber is between 0.2 and 0.3.

Die Erfindung geht dabei von der Erkenntnis aus, daß in überraschender Weise bei einem Abscheider, insbesondere bei einem Zyklonabscheider, mit einem Drallbrecher der Druckverlust im Abscheideraum vergleichsweise hoch ist, während durch das dampfseitige Austrittsrohr verursachte Druckverluste eher niedrig sind. Während dieses Verhalten in der Literatur nicht wiedergegeben ist, konnte dagegen bei einem Zyklonabscheider ohne Drallbrecher rechnerisch bestätigt werden, daß dort die wesentlichen Druckverluste beim Eintritt in das dampfseitige Austrittsrohr und im Austrittsrohr selbst auftreten, während die Druckverluste im Abscheideraum nur niedrig sind.The invention is based on the knowledge that in surprising Way with a separator, especially with a Cyclone separator, with a swirl breaker the pressure loss in the Separation room is comparatively high, while by that steam-side outlet pipe was more likely to cause pressure losses are low. Not during this behavior in the literature reproduced, however, could with a cyclone separator can be arithmetically confirmed without swirl breaker that there significant pressure losses when entering the steam side Outlet pipe and occur in the outlet pipe itself while the pressure losses in the separation room are only low.

Ausgehend von dieser Erkenntnis geht die Erfindung von der Überlegung aus, daß durch eine gezielte konstruktive Ausbildung des Abscheiders die Druckverlustanteile in verschiedenen Abschnitten des Abscheiders derart aufeinander abstimmbar sind, daß deren Summe bei hohem Mediumdurchsatz und effektiver Abscheidewirkung ein Minimum erreicht. Dabei setzt sich der Druckverlust aus einem Eintrittsdruckverlustanteil und aus einem Reibungsdruckverlustanteil bei der Abwärts- und Aufwärtsströmung des in den Abscheider eintretenden Wasser-Dampf-Gemisches sowie aus dem Umlenkdruckverlustanteil von der Abwärts- in die Aufwärtsströmung und aus dem Eintrittsdruckverlustanteil in das dampfseitige Austrittsrohr zusammen. Based on this knowledge, the invention proceeds from the Consideration that through targeted constructive training of the separator, the pressure loss components in different Sections of the separator can be coordinated with one another in this way are that their sum with high medium throughput and more effective Separation effect reached a minimum. It sits down the pressure loss from an inlet pressure loss portion and from a frictional pressure loss share in the downward and Upward flow of the water-steam mixture entering the separator as well as from the deflection pressure loss share of the downward into the upward flow and from the inlet pressure loss portion into the steam-side outlet pipe together.

Beim Betrieb des Abscheiders wird selbst bei einer hohen Massenstromdichte des in diesen eintretenden Mediums von M > 800kg/m2s ein besonders geringer Druckverlust bei gleichzeitig guter Abscheidewirkung erreicht. Die Massenstromdichte ist dabei definiert als der Durchsatz in [kg/s] dividiert durch die durch den Innendurchmesser in [m] des Abscheiders und somit dessen Abscheideraums bestimmte Querschnittsfläche in [m2].When the separator is in operation, a particularly low pressure loss with a good separation effect is achieved even with a high mass flow density of the medium entering it of M> 800 kg / m 2 s. The mass flow density is defined as the throughput in [kg / s] divided by the cross-sectional area in [m 2 ] determined by the inner diameter in [m] of the separator and thus its separating space.

Weiterhin wird ein möglichst niedriger Druckverlust bei einem gleichzeitig möglichst hohen Abscheidegrad dadurch erzielt, daß die durch die Summe der Querschnittsflächen oder Strömungsquerschnitte der Eintrittsrohre bestimmte Gesamtquerschnittsfläche F [m2] mit dem Innendurchmesser DI [m] des Abscheiders bzw. dessen Abscheideraums gemäß der Beziehung F = K · DI2 eingestellt ist, wobei K = 0,2 bis 0,3, vorzugsweise K = 0,21 bis 0,26 ist. Dabei beträgt der Innendurchmesser DA [m] des dampfseitigen Austrittsrohres vorzugsweise 40% bis 60% des Innendurchmessers des Abscheiders.Furthermore, the lowest possible pressure loss with the highest possible degree of separation is achieved in that the total cross-sectional area F [m 2 ] determined by the sum of the cross-sectional areas or flow cross sections of the inlet pipes with the inside diameter DI [m] of the separator or its separating space according to the relationship F = K · DI 2 is set, where K = 0.2 to 0.3, preferably K = 0.21 to 0.26. The inside diameter DA [m] of the steam-side outlet pipe is preferably 40% to 60% of the inside diameter of the separator.

Bezüglich der Anordnung einer Anzahl derartiger Abscheider innerhalb einer Wasser-Dampf-Trenneinrichtung, bei der z.B. drei oder vier Abscheider wasserseitig mit dem gemeinsamen Wassersammelgefäß verbunden sind, wird dieser besonders niedrige Druckverlust bei gleichzeitig hohem Abscheidegrad auch bei einer hohen Massenstromdichte des Mediums von mehr als 800 kg/m2s noch vorteilhaft dadurch unterstützt, daß das Oberende des Wassersammelgefäßes die Hälfte der axialen Ausdehnung des Abscheiders nicht überragt. Bezogen auf das wasserseitige Unterende des Abscheiders sollte dabei das Oberende oder die Oberkante des Wassersammelgefäßes unterhalb der halben Länge des Abscheiders liegen.With regard to the arrangement of a number of such separators within a water-steam separating device, in which, for example, three or four separators are connected on the water side to the common water collecting vessel, this particularly low pressure loss with a high degree of separation is achieved even with a high mass flow density of the medium of more than 800 kg / m 2 s further advantageously supported by the fact that the upper end of the water collecting vessel does not protrude half the axial extent of the separator. In relation to the lower end of the separator on the water side, the upper end or the upper edge of the water collection vessel should lie below half the length of the separator.

Bezüglich des Verfahrens wird die genannte Aufgabe erfindungsgemäß gelöst durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 4. Danach werden besonders vorteilhafte Ergebnisse bei einem Durchlaufdampferzeuger mit mindestens einem Abscheider erzielt, wenn der Durchsatz durch den Abscheider bei Vollast des Durchlaufdampferzeugers auf mehr als das 630-fache des Quadrats des Innendurchmessers des Abscheideraums eingestellt ist.With regard to the method, the stated object is achieved according to the invention solved by the features of claim 4. Thereafter are particularly advantageous results in a once-through steam generator achieved with at least one separator if the throughput through the separator at full load of the once-through steam generator to more than 630 times the square of the Inner diameter of the deposition space is set.

Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden anhand einer Zeichnung näher erläutert. Darin zeigen:

FIG 1a
einen Abscheider mit Drallbrecher im Längsschnitt,
FIG 1b
den Abscheider gemäß FIG 1 im Querschnitt, und
FIG 2
eine Wasser-Dampf-Trenneinrichtung mit einem Abscheider gemäß FIG 1 mit wasserseitig angeschlossenem Wassersammelgefäß.
Embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail with reference to a drawing. In it show:
FIG 1a
a separator with a swirl breaker in longitudinal section,
1b
the separator according to FIG 1 in cross section, and
FIG 2
a water-steam separating device with a separator according to FIG 1 with a water collection vessel connected on the water side.

Einander entsprechende Teile sind in beiden Figuren mit den gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen.Corresponding parts are in both figures with the provided with the same reference numerals.

FIG 1 zeigt einen Abscheider oder Zyklonabscheider 1 im Längsschnitt (FIG 1a), dessen Querschnitt in FIG 1b dargestellt ist. Der Abscheider 1 weist ein oberes dampfseitiges Austrittsrohr 2 und ein unteres wasserseitiges Austrittsrohr 3 auf. Unterhalb des dampfseitigen Austrittsrohrs 2 sind in einer in der Nähe dessen Eintrittsöffnung 4 liegender Einström- oder Eintrittsebene E am Umfang des Abscheiders 1 verteilt abgeordnete Eintrittsrohre 5 für ein in Wasser W und Dampf D zu trennendes Wasser-Dampf-Gemisch WD vorgesehen. Dabei sind die Eintrittsrohre 5 einerseits unter einem Winkel α zur Waagerechten oder Horizontalen H geneigt und andererseits tangential verlaufend angeordnet. Unterhalb der Eintrittsebene E der Eintrittsrohre 5 sind Tragpratzen 7 an der Wandung 8 des Abscheiders 1 angebracht, die diesen in seiner Aufstellungsposition halten.1 shows a separator or cyclone separator 1 in the Longitudinal section (FIG 1a), the cross section shown in FIG 1b is. The separator 1 has an upper steam-side one Outlet pipe 2 and a lower water-side outlet pipe 3 on. Below the steam-side outlet pipe 2 are in an inflow lying near its inlet opening 4 or entrance level E distributed around the circumference of the separator 1 delegated entry pipes 5 for a in water W and Steam D to be separated water-steam mixture WD provided. there are the inlet pipes 5 on the one hand at an angle α inclined to the horizontal or horizontal H and on the other arranged tangential. Below the entrance level E of the inlet pipes 5 are claws 7 on the wall 8 of the separator 1 attached this in its Hold the installation position.

Durch diese Anordnung der Eintrittsrohre 5 wird das in den Abscheider 1 einströmende Wasser-Dampf-Gemisch WD einerseits nach unten zum Bodenbereich 6 des Abscheiders 1 hin geführt und andererseits dabei mit einem Drall versehen. Die Trennung von Wasser W und Dampf D erfolgt dabei durch Fliehkraft, wobei der Dampf D zentral nach oben und das Wasser nach unten abgeführt wird. Zur Brechung des Dralls im über das Austrittsrohr 3 abströmenden Wassers W ist im Bodenbereich 6 des Abscheiders 1 ein Drallbrecher 9 vorgesehen. Dieser verhindert ein Mitreißen von Dampf D in das Austrittsrohr 3 und behindert eine Förderung von bereits abgeschiedenem Wasser W zurück in den Abscheider 1, d.h. einen Rückfluß in dessen Abscheideraum 10.This arrangement of the inlet pipes 5 is used in the Separator 1 inflowing water-steam mixture WD on the one hand led down to the bottom area 6 of the separator 1 and on the other hand provide a twist. The separation of water W and steam D takes place by centrifugal force, whereby the steam D centrally upwards and the water downwards is dissipated. To break the twist in the outlet pipe 3 flowing water W is in the bottom area 6 of the A swirl breaker 9 is provided in separator 1. This prevents entrainment of steam D in the outlet pipe 3 and hindered a promotion of already separated water W back to separator 1, i.e. a reflux in its separation room 10th

Zur Erzielung einer möglichst geringen Wanddicke d der Wandung 8 des Abscheiders 1 bei gleichzeitig hohem Abscheidegrad beträgt die Länge A des zwischen der Eintrittsebene E und der Oberkante B des Drallbrechers 7 definierten Abscheideraums 10 des Abscheiders 1 mindestens das 5-fache des Innendurchmessers DI des Abscheiders 1. Desweiteren beträgt das Verhältnis K zwischen dem Gesamtquerschnitt F der Eintrittsrohre 5 und dem Quadrat des Innendurchmessers DI des Abscheiders 1 und damit des Abscheideraums 10 zwischen 0,2 und 0,3, vorzugsweise zwischen 0,21 und 0,26. Dabei ist der Gesamtquerschnitt F durch die Summe der einzelnen Strömungsquerschnitte f1 bis fn - mit im Ausführungsbeispiel n = 4 - bestimmt. Ferner weist das dampfseitige Austrittsrohr 2 zweckmäßigerweise einen Innendurchmesser DA auf, der zwischen 40% und 60% des Innendurchmessers DI des Abscheideraums 10 beträgt. Hinsichtlich des Gesamtquerschnitts F [m2] und des Innendurchmessers DI [m] des Abscheiders 1 oder Abscheideraums 10 sowie des Innendurchmessers DA [m] des dampfseitigen Austrittsrohrs 2 gelten somit vorzugsweise folgende Abmessungsrelationen: F =K · DI2, mit K = 0,21 bis 0,26 DA = (0,5 ± 0,1) · DI, und A ≥ 5 · DI. In order to achieve the smallest possible wall thickness d of the wall 8 of the separator 1 with a high degree of separation, the length A of the separating space 10 of the separator 1 defined between the entry plane E and the upper edge B of the swirl breaker 7 is at least 5 times the internal diameter DI of the separator 1 Furthermore, the ratio K between the total cross section F of the inlet pipes 5 and the square of the inner diameter DI of the separator 1 and thus of the separating space 10 is between 0.2 and 0.3, preferably between 0.21 and 0.26. The total cross section F is determined by the sum of the individual flow cross sections f 1 to f n - with n = 4 in the exemplary embodiment. Furthermore, the steam-side outlet pipe 2 expediently has an inner diameter DA which is between 40% and 60% of the inner diameter DI of the separating space 10. With regard to the total cross section F [m 2 ] and the inner diameter DI [m] of the separator 1 or separating space 10 and the inner diameter DA [m] of the steam-side outlet pipe 2, the following dimensional relationships therefore preferably apply: F = KDI 2 , with K = 0.21 to 0.26 DA = (0.5 ± 0.1) DI, and A ≥ 5DI.

FIG 2 zeigt eine Wasser-Dampf-Trenneinrichtung 11 eines Durchlaufdampferzeugers, von dem lediglich dessen Verdampfer 12 und dessen Überhitzer 13 schematisch dargestellt sind. Die Wasser-Dampf-Trenneinrichtung 11 umfaßt einen oder mehrere Abscheider 1 gemäß FIG 1. Der oder jeder Abscheider 1 ist wasserseitig über eine an dessen Austrittrohr 3 angeschlossene Verbindungsleitung 14 mit einem Wassersammelgefäß 15 verbunden. Die Einführung der Verbindungsleitung 14 vom Abscheider 1 in das Wassersammelgefäß 15 erfolgt dabei zweckmäßigerweise unterhalb dessen Wasserstandes WS, so daß eine ruhige Wasseroberfläche sichergestellt ist.2 shows a water-steam separating device 11 of a Continuous steam generator, of which only its evaporator 12 and its superheater 13 are shown schematically. The water-steam separator 11 comprises one or more Separator 1 according to FIG 1. The or each separator 1 is on the water side via a connected to its outlet pipe 3 Connection line 14 with a water collection vessel 15 connected. The introduction of the connecting line 14 from separator 1 into water collecting vessel 15 expediently below its water level WS, so that a calm water surface is ensured.

Innerhalb der Wasser-Dampf-Trenneinrichtung 11 sind dabei vorzugsweise der oder jeder Abscheider 1 und das Wassersammelgefäß 15 derart zueinander angeordnet, daß dessen Oberende oder Oberkante OK maximal die halbe Länge L des Abscheiders 1 erreicht. Dabei ist die Länge L gemessen zwischen dem Oberende OE und dem Unterende UE des Abscheiders 1. Die halbe Länge (1/2 L) ist auf dessen Unterende UE bezogen und somit von dort aus gemessen.Inside the water-steam separator 11 preferably the or each separator 1 and the water collecting vessel 15 arranged to each other so that the top or upper edge OK maximum half the length L of the separator 1 reached. The length L is measured between the top end OE and the lower end UE of the separator 1. Half Length (1/2 L) is related to its lower end UE and thus measured from there.

Beim Betrieb der Wasser-Dampf-Trenneinrichtung 11 des Durchlaufdampferzeugers strömt das in dessen Verdampfer 12 erzeugte Wasser-Dampf-Gemisch WD über die Eintrittsrohre 5 in den Abscheider 1 ein und wird dort aufgrund der zumindest annähernd tangentialen Einströmung mit einem Drall versetzt. Infolge der dadurch bedingten Fliehkraft werden Wasser W und Dampf D voneinander getrennt. Der abgetrennte Dampf D strömt über das dampfseitige Austrittsrohr 2 und eine mit diesem verbundene Dampfleitung 16 in den Überhitzer 13 des Durchlaufdampferzeugers 13, während das abgetrennte Wasser W über den Drallbrecher 9 und die Verbindungsleitung 14 in das Wassersammelgefäß 15 abfließt. Dabei ist der auf den Vollastbetrieb des Durchlaufdampferzeugers bezogene Durchsatz M[kg/s] durch den Abscheider 1 bezogen auf den Innendurchmesser DI des Abscheideraums 10 gemäß der Beziehung M ≥ 630 · DI2 eingestellt. During operation of the water-steam separating device 11 of the continuous steam generator, the water-steam mixture WD generated in its evaporator 12 flows into the separator 1 via the inlet pipes 5 and is swirled there due to the at least approximately tangential inflow. As a result of the resulting centrifugal force, water W and steam D are separated from one another. The separated steam D flows through the steam-side outlet pipe 2 and a steam line 16 connected to it into the superheater 13 of the continuous steam generator 13, while the separated water W flows through the swirl breaker 9 and the connecting line 14 into the water collecting vessel 15. The throughput M [kg / s] through the separator 1, based on the full load operation of the once-through steam generator, is set in relation to the inside diameter DI of the separating space 10 in accordance with the relationship M 630 630 · DI 2 .

Mit einem konstruktiv derart ausgebildeten Abscheider 1 und dessen Anordnung innerhalb der Wasser-Dampf-Trenneinrichtung 11 des Durchlaufdampferzeugers können Dampf- oder Frischdampfdrücke von 250 bis 300 bar bei gleichzeitig geringem Druckverlust und hohem Mediumdurchsatz sowie besonders effektiver Abscheidung realisiert werden. Insgesamt wird bei einem mit einer derartigen Trenneinrichtung 11 betriebenen Dampfkraftwerk ein besonders hoher Wirkungsgrad erzielt.With a separator 1 and its arrangement within the water-steam separator 11 of the continuous steam generator can steam or Live steam pressures from 250 to 300 bar with low at the same time Pressure loss and high medium throughput as well as special effective deposition. Overall, at one operated with such a separating device 11 Steam power plant achieved a particularly high efficiency.

Claims (4)

  1. Separator for separating water and steam, having a steam-side outlet conduit (2) and having a water-side outlet conduit (3) and having a separating chamber (10) between a number of inlet conduits (5) and a swirl breaker (9) arranged upstream of the water-side outlet conduit (3), characterized in that the length (A) of the separating chamber (10) is at least five times the internal diameter (DI) of said chamber, and in that the ratio K of the overall flow cross section (F [m2]) of the inlet conduits (5) to the square of the internal diameter (DI [m]) of the separating chamber (10) is between 0.2 and 0.3.
  2. Separator according to Claim 1, characterized in that the steam-side outlet conduit (2) has an internal diameter (DA) which is 40% to 60% of the internal diameter (DI) of the separating chamber (10).
  3. Water/steam separating apparatus having at least one separator according to Claim 1 or 2, and having a water-collecting tank (15) which is connected to the separator (1) on the water side and of which the top end (OK) is located beneath halfway along the length (L) of the separator (1) - calculated from the water-side, bottom end (UE) of the same.
  4. Method of operating a water/steam separating apparatus having at least one separator (1) for a continuous-flow steam generator, in which the throughput M [Kg/s] through the separator (1) at full load of the continuous-flow steam generator and the internal diameter (DI [m]) of the separating chamber (10) satisfy the relationship M ≥ 630 · DI2.
EP99952292A 1998-08-17 1999-08-05 Separator for a water-steam separating device Expired - Lifetime EP1105675B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19837250A DE19837250C1 (en) 1998-08-17 1998-08-17 Separator for a water-steam separator
DE19837250 1998-08-17
PCT/DE1999/002434 WO2000011401A1 (en) 1998-08-17 1999-08-05 Separator for a water-steam separating device

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EP1105675A1 EP1105675A1 (en) 2001-06-13
EP1105675B1 true EP1105675B1 (en) 2002-06-12

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EP (1) EP1105675B1 (en)
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KR (1) KR100626464B1 (en)
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US20010018897A1 (en) 2001-09-06
DK1105675T3 (en) 2002-10-14
RU2217655C2 (en) 2003-11-27
ES2178900T3 (en) 2003-01-01
DE59901751D1 (en) 2002-07-18
US6408800B2 (en) 2002-06-25
ATE219228T1 (en) 2002-06-15
KR20010072462A (en) 2001-07-31
JP4805454B2 (en) 2011-11-02
WO2000011401A1 (en) 2000-03-02
CN1312901A (en) 2001-09-12
CA2340674A1 (en) 2000-03-02
CN1178020C (en) 2004-12-01
JP2002523716A (en) 2002-07-30
DE19837250C1 (en) 2000-03-30
KR100626464B1 (en) 2006-09-20
CA2340674C (en) 2007-03-27
EP1105675A1 (en) 2001-06-13

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