EP1104876A1 - Ventilating device and method for ventilating a working area in a building - Google Patents

Abstract

The ventilation device is for a free surface work place (240A,240B) in a workshop (200) in which emission harmful to health of gas, steam, or dust occur. It comprises at least two rows of wide diffusion nozzles (110.1...110.6) fed with fresh air by an air feed channel (112) above the work place and producing a forced air flow (4.1,4.2) directed to the workshop floor (220). The air flow comprises a support jet (6.2) surrounded by a rotary paraboloid-shaped air cover flow (5.2). In the area of the workshop floor is a suction channel (120.1-120.3) which sucks the output air from the workshop.

Description

The invention relates to a ventilation device for ventilation an open space workplace in a workshop, in harmful gas, steam or dust emissions occur.

In many cases in mechanical and shipbuilding as well as in aerospace technology large and bulky workpieces, Vehicles and transportable structures painted, blasted or be sanded. Processing such large and bulky Workpieces in closed cabins are difficult because in addition to the high investment costs for a correspondingly large one Cabin housing with gates, lighting, etc. the Transporting parts in and out of the cabin is difficult and time consuming designed.

By installing conventional blow-out fine filter ceilings in a hall above the hall crane without a cabin enclosure cannot achieve a directed air flow as the heated supply air exits the Filter ceiling in the cooler hall air only approx. 2 ... 3 m down would flow to then laterally evade swirl and eventually collect under the hall roof. The air pulse at a maximum achievable air sink speed from 0.15 ... 0.20 m / s is too low to the floor and thus to reach the pollutant source.

In air conditioning and ventilation technology, there are so-called long-throw nozzles known for hall ventilation (cf. JOSEF HAAZ - "air outlets in ventilation technology "in: IKZ-Haustechnik 6/97, Stro-bel-Verlag, Arnsberg; P. 164 ff.). With these long throw nozzles can look down from the hall ceiling Air flow to be established and maintained. It can be big Jet lengths are achieved so that long throw nozzles for ventilation and heating even very high hall buildings, for example in shipyards. When the of air flow blown out of the hall ceiling comes to the floor it swirls, causing a mix of fresh and used or from warm and cold air. The Mixing in the soil zone is indeed in air conditioning technology advantageous for increasing the air exchange. For the use in atmospheres contaminated with pollutant particles or aerosols in closed halls it is in a known manner effect ventilation with long throw nozzles unsuitable, because the swaths concentrated in the ground area of paint particles, sanding dust and other suspended particles would result from the swirling through the entire hall distribute and also get into clean work areas.

With known ventilation devices, it is in particular not possible, a targeted ventilation under a jacked Workpiece or under a vehicle. Therefore is, for example, the painter when working on the vehicle floor exposed to extreme pollution.

The task therefore arises of supplying a defined Open space painting area within a workshop with tempered supply air and effective, targeted pollutant removal secure from the open space workplace, through which the other areas of the workshop without separation must be kept free of pollutants by means of cabin walls.

Furthermore, ventilation should be below the raised Workpieces and / or under vehicles are made possible.

• wenigstens zwei Reihen von Weitwurfdüsen, die aus einem oberhalb des Freiflächenarbeitsplatzes angeordneten Luftzuführungskanal mit Frischluft gespeist sind und die jeweils eine auf den Hallenboden gerichtete Zwangsluftströmung erzeugen, die jeweils einen Stützstrahl und einen diesen umgebenden, rotationsparaboloidförmigen Luftmantelstrom umfaßt, und
• wenigstens einen im Bereich eines Hallenbodens angeordneten Absaugkanal über die Abluft aus der Werkhalle ansaugbar ist.

These tasks are solved with a ventilation device for an open space workplace in a workshop, which has the following individual parts:

• at least two rows of long-range nozzles, which are fed with fresh air from an air supply duct arranged above the open space work station and which each produce a forced air flow directed towards the hall floor, each of which comprises a support jet and a rotating, paraboloid-shaped air jacket flow, and
• at least one suction duct arranged in the area of a hall floor can be sucked in via the exhaust air from the workshop.

For this, use is made of those known from air conditioning technology Long throw nozzles, each one surrounding the work place Generate forced air flow up from a height of up to 20 m can reach the hall floor.

Round and elongated air inlet elements are intended under the suction duct be understood as they are known from air conditioning technology are.

The forced air flow generated by the long throw nozzle exists from a support jet and a surrounding jet, for example rotationally paraboloidal air jacket flow. Which during of the work process developing or separating pollutants are detected by the air jacket flow and over a known suction device discharged. This is how each one is created selected workplace protective "air curtain", which always guarantees clean breathing air to the worker.

All workpieces can be moved to a location that is accessible to the crane can be processed within the hall. When painting priming and topcoating and also evaporating or drying in the same place without a Relocation of the workpieces is required. This ventilation system is particularly suitable for large and bulky constructions, that are not placed in a paint booth can.

Advantageously, two long-throw nozzles are formed a ventilation section arranged side by side are that the air jacket flows overlap, and the suction channel each below the overlapping area of the air jacket flows a ventilation section is arranged. With Polluted particles contaminated air, especially in the air jacket flow can be suctioned off in a targeted manner. The strong support jet is created by the off-center suction hardly affected, causing turbulence from stressed can be reduced with pure indoor air. Is an advantage ensuring that the worker is supplied with heated supply air and pollutant removal as needed in a ventilation section or between several ventilation sections can, the effectiveness of ventilation for example with a painting booth is comparable. During work, for example when painting a longer steel structure, forced air flows are only established where they are is worked. So it is not necessary the whole Work piece with an air curtain to "envelop" the air quality secure at work and pollutant emissions in adjacent areas in the workshop. By targeting a ventilation section around the actual work space around becomes a considerable one Fresh air savings and energy savings achieved.

It is also advantageous that the air supply channel at least an air heater is connected upstream, which is the sucked in Air warmed above the air temperature in the workshop, see above that tempering at the same time as ventilation and pollutant removal the room air is to be caused.

The air speed in the work area is at work, in those with the strong accumulation of suspended particles and / or Aerosols can be expected, advantageously at 0.30 to 0.45 m / s and thus twice as high as with conventional ventilation devices. This creates a high degree of air exchange and achieves a high cleaning effect.

For a paint drying operation, the flow rate can can be increased up to 2 m / s. This will Heat transfer significantly improved and the drying time reduced. It should therefore be borne in mind that usually such a rapid drying process is otherwise only possible in narrow, closed Cabins is possible.

a) Ansaugen von Frischluft;

b) Weiterleitung der Frischluft in einen Luftzuführungskanal;

c) Ausblasen eines ersten Zwangsluftstroms mit einer ersten Ausblasleistung;

d) Ausblasen eines seitlich dazu versetzten, zweiten Zwangsluftstroms mit einer zweiten Ausblasleistung, die kleiner ist als die erste Ausblasleitung;

e) Ansaugen der Abluft aus dem Luftmantel am Hallenboden, wobei unterhalb des ersten Zwangsluftstroms mit einer ersten Ansaugleistung und unterhalb des zweiten Zwangsluftstroms mit einer zweiten Ansaugleistung, die größer ist als die erste Ansaugleistung, angesaugt wird; und

f) Filtern der am Hallenboden angesaugten Abluft.

The task of enabling ventilation underneath elevated workpieces and / or under vehicles is achieved with the device according to the invention by a method for ventilating an open space workplace in a workshop, which comprises the following process steps:

a) drawing in fresh air;

b) forwarding the fresh air into an air supply duct;

c) blowing out a first forced air stream with a first blowing power;

d) blowing out a laterally displaced second forced air stream with a second blowout power which is smaller than the first blowout line;

e) suction of the exhaust air from the air jacket on the floor of the hall, suction being carried out below the first forced air flow with a first suction power and below the second forced air flow with a second suction power which is greater than the first suction power; and

f) Filtering the exhaust air sucked in on the hall floor.

The blow-out or suction power is here as that per unit of time flowing air volume defined.

With this method, the ventilation device Invention creates a directed cross flow on the hall floor, those under elevated workpieces or parked Vehicles pulls in and pollutants from their underside away. At the same time, however, it shields the workplace Maintain air curtain so that also prevents will that pollutant from the workplace in the adjacent area arrive in the workshop.

Particularly good results in terms of removal of Pollutants from the work area in general and from the bottom of the workpiece in particular are preserved when the ratio between the first blowout and the second blowout capacity is 6: 4 to 9: 1. This corresponds to the sum of the blowing rates at the individual long throw nozzles 100% of the total air volume available per unit of time Air supply duct. Given the specified ratios then 60% to 90% on the first blow-out rate and 40% up to 10% on the second.

It is also advantageous if the ratio of the first Suction power to the second suction power the reciprocal of the Relationship between the first blowout and the corresponds to the second blow-out rate. So will be on the first Long throw nozzle with 60% of the available air volume per unit of time blown out, so with this advantageous training of the method on the arranged below the first long throw nozzle Suction channel with 40% of the power sucked in and vice versa.

The sucked in fresh air can after step a) up to A specific temperature setpoint is reached by 2 ° to 5 ° warmed to the air temperature given in the workshop become. This is a progressive warming of the room air reached in the workshop. The specified temperature increase is chosen so low that it is when blowing out the warmed air by means of the long-throw nozzles does not cause disturbances the air flow comes from convection.

Fig. 1

schematisch eine in einer Werkhalle installierte Belüftungsvorrichtung, mit einer vertikal gerichteten Zwangsluftströmung,

Fig.2

die Belüftungsvorrichtung gemäß Fig. 1, mit zwei sich überlappenden Zwangsluftströmungen.

The invention is explained in more detail with reference to the drawing with exemplary embodiments. The figures in the drawing show:

Fig. 1

schematically shows a ventilation device installed in a workshop, with a vertically directed forced air flow,

Fig. 2

the ventilation device of FIG. 1, with two overlapping forced air flows.

1 shows a ventilation device 100 according to the invention shown, which is installed in a workshop 200. The ventilation device 100 consists essentially of a Row of long throw nozzles 110.1, ..., 110.6, on the hall ceiling 230 are arranged, and from suction channels 120.1, ..., 120.3, which are integrated in the hall floor 220.

The long throw nozzles 110.1, ..., 110.6 are above a gantry crane 210 arranged, which can be moved on a crane track 212 and are through a common air supply duct 112 fed. At each of the long throw nozzles 110.1, ..., 110.6 a motorized, remotely controllable flap is arranged, with which the flow of each long throw nozzle passes through individually a control unit, not shown, can be regulated, to bring the air to the pollutant source and dissipate.

The suction channels 120.1, ..., 120.3 are covered with gratings and are arranged below the hall floor 220 Intake duct 122 connected to each other. At every Suction channel 120.1, ..., 120.3 is a motor-operated, remote controllable flap arranged.

By controlling the amount of air blown out using the Flaps on the long throw nozzles 110.1, ..., 110.6 and the suction channels 120.1, ..., 120.3 or by regulating the air flow in the air supply duct 112 and exhaust duct 122 a vertical ventilation operation or a cross-flow operation adjust according to the method of the invention.

Fresh air is supplied by a radial fan 130 via a Pre-filter sucked in. The degree of contamination of the pre-filter is, for example, via signal displays on the control unit displayed. The fresh air is in a downstream Air heater 114, which with hot water or directly with gas or Oil is heated to a temperature difference of approx. 2 ... 5 K. warmed above the hall temperature. The regulation of the supply air temperature takes place automatically via the control unit. As a fuse for the air heater 114 is a minimal and a maximum thermostat built in, making overheating impossible is.

After exiting the air heater 114, the heated Air through the air supply duct 112 and the long throw nozzles 112.1, ..., 112.3 blown into workshop 200.

Form two adjacent long throw nozzles 110.1 and 110.2 a first ventilation section 112.1, in which contaminated Air blown down and through an exhaust duct 120.1 is suctioned off. Through the exhaust air duct 122 is the exhaust air loaded with pollutants from the workshop 200 removed. The exhaust air is washed out in a known manner and / or filtered dry and then either fed back to the circuit via an air shaft 132 or blown out through a chimney 134.

Behind each of the long throw nozzles shown in Figure 1 110.1, ..., 110.6 are distributed over the length of the hall Long throw nozzles arranged. So that in every ventilation section 112.1, ..., 112.3, which are indicated by the dashed lines 5.2 and 5.3 are indicated, an air curtain is generated. Within of each ventilation section 112.1, ..., 112.3 is a Open space job created. A larger one is preferred Open space workstation 240A between the ventilation sections 112.1 and 112.2 or an open space workplace 240B created between ventilation sections 112.2 and 112.3.

There are therefore two in the workshop 200 shown in FIG Spray areas can be used simultaneously or one after the other are completely within the sphere of action of the gantry crane 210, see that even very heavy and large workpieces in the open space workplaces 240A, 240B are to be transported.

In vertical ventilation mode, the air flows, as in Figure 1 shown by the long throw nozzles 110.1, 110.2 of the first Ventilation section 112.1 down to hall floor 220. Thereby are formed due to the geometry of the long-throw nozzle, paraboloid of revolution Forced air flows 4.1, 4.2. Everyone Forced air flow 4.1, 4.2 consists of an inner, cigar-shaped support beam 6.1, 6.2 and one of these enveloping air jacket flow 5.1, 5.2 together. The suction channels 120.1, ..., 120.3 are arranged so that air is out the air jacket flow 4.1 of the forced air flows 4.1, 4.2 one Ventilation section 112.1 is suctioned off during the support jet 6.1, 6.2 next to the suction duct 120.1 on the hall floor 220 hits.

With reference to Figure 2, the inventive method for ventilation of an open space workplace 340 in one Workshop 300 explained with a ventilation device. At the example shown in FIG. 2 is an inventive one Ventilation device installed in a workshop 300, in which a vehicle 350 on all sides, also from the bottom, can be painted.

Fresh air is drawn in, possibly in a not shown Air heater warmed up and into an air supply duct 112, the ceiling 330 of the workshop 300 is appropriate.

The fresh air is supplied with a first blowout blown out through a first long throw nozzle 110.1, whereby a first forced air flow 4.1 is caused which the hall floor 320 is directed. Offset to the side is a second forced air flow 4.2 with a second blowout, which is smaller than the first blow-out line, blown out by a long throw nozzle 110.2. For example becomes 80% of that available in the air supply duct 112 Air flow directed through the long throw nozzle 110.1 and 20% through the long throw nozzle 110.2. The regulation takes place by means of Adjustable flaps on the long throw nozzles 110.1, 110.2 and / or are attached in the air supply duct 112. A division of the air flow can also be in a ratio of the blowing rate for air flows 4.1, 4.2 from 60% to 40% to 90% up to 10%.

In the hall floor 320 there are suction channels 120.1, 120.2 and one Work pit 324 integrated, through which the parked above Vehicle 350 is accessible from the bottom. The suction channels 120.1, 120.2 and the working pit 324 are connected to a common exhaust duct 122. About the Extraction ducts 120.1, 120.2 become the exhaust air on hall floor 320 sucked out of the air jacket 5.1, 5.2. This is below the first forced air flow 4.1 with a first suction power on the suction channel 120.1 and below the second Forced air flow 4.2 with a second suction at the Suction channel 120.2 extracted.

In the same ratio as the division of the blown out Airflow, but reversed, is used in the process of Invention the suction power on the suction channels 120.1 and 120.2 set so that the blow out under 80% power Long throw nozzle 110.1 arranged suction channel 120.1 is only operated on 20% of the possible suction power and vice versa. This causes the strong airflow 4.1 first from the long throw nozzle 120.1 up to the vicinity of the Hall floor 320 is thrown and then through the side staggered, high-performance suction channel 120.2 is redirected. This results in the floor area, below the vehicle shown in Figure 2 350 a directional cross flow that pulls underneath and existing paint mist, grinding dust and the like are removed. The smaller portion of the air flow 4.1, 4.2 when blowing out and suction serves to maintain a sideways next to the vehicle 350 flowing air curtain.

The ventilation device is also in accordance with the drying mode the method of the invention used in cross-current operation, to e.g. for a painted commercial vehicle 350 the lower one Area with warm air and an improved and / or to effect accelerated drying.

The air speed in the work area in spraying operation is between 0.30 and 0.45 m / s. With a spray booth area measuring 20 x 10 x 7.5 m, an air flow of only 50,000 m ³ / h is required. This air flow corresponds to the template of the European standard prEN 12215, as well as the professional association regulation ZH 1/140 "Safety rules for air pollution control systems at the workplace."

With sectional ventilation, the prescribed MAK values and falling below the "lower explosion limit" safely achieved when processing solvent-based paints. It means that pollutants are properly extracted extremely economical operation of the system.

Claims (10)

Ventilation device for ventilating an open space workplace (240A, 240B; 340) in a workshop (200; 300), in which harmful gas, steam or dust emissions occur, with the following individual parts: at least two rows of long-throw nozzles (110.1, ..., 110.6), which are fed with fresh air from an air supply duct (112) arranged above the open space work station (240A; 240B) and each of which has a forced air flow directed towards the hall floor (220; 320) ( 4.1, 4.2), each comprising a support jet (6.1, 6.2) and a surrounding, paraboloid-shaped air jacket stream (5.1, 5.2), and at least one suction duct (120,1; ...; 120.3) arranged in the area of a hall floor (220; 320), via which exhaust air can be extracted from the workshop (200; 300). Ventilation device according to claim 1, characterized in that two long throw nozzles (110.1, ..., 110.6) with the formation of a ventilation section (112.1, ..., 112.3) are arranged side by side so that the air jacket flows (5.1, 5.2) overlap, and the suction channels 120.1; ...; 120.3) below the overlapping area the air jacket flows (5.1, 5.2) of a ventilation section (112.1, ..., 112.3) is arranged. Ventilation device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that that the air supply duct (112) at least an air heater (114) is connected upstream, the Air drawn in via the air temperature in the workshop (200; 300) heated. Ventilation device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the air speed at the extraction of pollutant particles from the work area 0.30 to 0.45 m / s. Ventilation device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the air speed for a paint drying operation is up to 2 m / s. Ventilation device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the long-throw nozzles (110.1, ..., 110.6) and / or the air supply duct (112) and / or Provide the suction channels (120.1, ..., 120.3) with butterfly valves are with which the air flow velocity is controllable. Method for ventilating an open space workplace (240A, 240B; 340) in a workshop (200; 300), which is provided with a ventilation device according to one of claims 1 to 5, with the following method steps: a) drawing in fresh air; b) forwarding the fresh air into an air supply duct (112); c) blowing out a first forced air flow (4.1) with a first blowout power; d) blowing out a second forced air flow (4.2) offset to the side with a second blowout capacity which is smaller than the first blowout line; e) suction of the exhaust air from the air jacket (5.1, 5.2) on the hall floor (220; 320), with a first suction power below the first forced air flow (4.1) and a second suction power below the second forced air flow (4.2), which is greater than the first suction power is sucked; and f) filtering the exhaust air sucked in on the hall floor (220; 320). A method according to claim 6, characterized in that the ratio between the first blowout rate and the second blowout capacity is 6: 4 to 9: 1. A method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the ratio of the first suction power to the second Suction power the reciprocal of the ratio between the first blowout rate and the second blowout rate corresponds. A method according to claim 8, characterized in that after step a) the fresh air drawn in until it is reached a specific temperature setpoint by 2 to 5 K above the air temperature given in the workshop (200; 300) is heated.

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