EP1098725B1 - Procede et dispositif de production d'un corps creux metallique - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif de production d'un corps creux metallique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1098725B1
EP1098725B1 EP99929074A EP99929074A EP1098725B1 EP 1098725 B1 EP1098725 B1 EP 1098725B1 EP 99929074 A EP99929074 A EP 99929074A EP 99929074 A EP99929074 A EP 99929074A EP 1098725 B1 EP1098725 B1 EP 1098725B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cavity
inner core
casting mould
mold
cooling
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99929074A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1098725A1 (fr
Inventor
Peter Tiemann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP1098725A1 publication Critical patent/EP1098725A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1098725B1 publication Critical patent/EP1098725B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/22—Moulds for peculiarly-shaped castings
    • B22C9/24—Moulds for peculiarly-shaped castings for hollow articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C21/00—Flasks; Accessories therefor
    • B22C21/12—Accessories
    • B22C21/14—Accessories for reinforcing or securing moulding materials or cores, e.g. gaggers, chaplets, pins, bars

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and an apparatus for Production of a metallic hollow body with at least one Cavity, in particular a turbine blade with a Cooling air duct and several cooling air openings.
  • To manufacture metallic hollow bodies that have a cavity include, various methods are known, the Casting processes play a special role. casting process allow the production of precise, fully dimensioned components, the essential shape of the component in one Step, during casting, is carried out and possibly only processing steps for fine machining still required are. Such casting methods are therefore particularly suitable for Production of turbine blades, in particular gas turbine blades.
  • turbine blades For example, are able to withstand metallic hollow body, the cavity of which as a cooling air duct is formed, which are acted upon by cooling air can.
  • Turbine blades with a so-called film cooling have additional cooling air openings on their outer surface on, which open into the cooling air duct and a cooling air film Form on the outer surface of the turbine blade for cooling.
  • DE 38 23 287 A1 is a Medullary cavity sealing device specified, in which a Cavity-forming core surrounded by a wax coat becomes.
  • the thickness of the wax jacket corresponds to the wall thickness of the Wall of the component to be cast.
  • To make the Medullary sinus sealers are placed in the wax coat pins introduced, the inner ends of which touch the core, while the protrude the outer ends of the pins over the wax coat.
  • the wax coat with pins is then placed in a ceramic slurry submerged, enclosed by this and then heated so that the ceramic paste harden and can form a ceramic outer mold. While heating the wax coat melts, the from the pins held core remains fixed in its position.
  • the hardened Ceramic porridge with the usually also ceramic core forms the mold, which is then made with molten metal is filled out.
  • the material of the pens for example, platinum can be melted or melted by the molten metal and diffuse into it.
  • the material the pins are chosen so that it is essentially too no local, harmful alloy formation occurs. Around Errors occurring during the solidification of the metal component to avoid, e.g.
  • heat retention caps are attached to the pins, which help to avoid losing heat too quickly on the pins.
  • a disadvantage of this method is that the Pass the pins into the outer mold until the ends the pins over the surface of the finished component protrude what post-processing of the component is necessary makes. Furthermore, the pens could not be chosen as wide as desired to fix the core in place, otherwise locally unwanted alloys could arise. You can also not any number of platinum pencils for cost reasons can be used to fix the core.
  • a finished component DE 33 12 867 A1 specifies a method in which the core forming the cavity is surrounded by a support is whose external dimensions do not exceed the surface of the protrude to the cast component.
  • the core with support is then surrounded by a wax coat and in dipped a ceramic porridge.
  • the core is supported Made of a material that is in the cast alloy dissolves and the properties of the component are not disadvantageous affected.
  • cooling air openings in the Wall of the turbine blade must be drilled.
  • Both methods also have the disadvantage that it already does when removing the wax coat, due to the different Thermal expansion behavior of the pins or the support and the core, with respect to a displacement of the core the later outer wall can come, which leads to a fluctuating Wall thickness leads.
  • the object of the invention is a method for the production to specify a metallic hollow body. It is another task the invention an apparatus for producing a metallic hollow body, in particular a turbine blade a gas turbine.
  • a device for producing a metallic, at least one cavity and one the cavity surrounding wall having a hollow body comprising a Outer casting mold, which has at least one inner core, which for Formation of the cavity is used, the outer mold in at least two outer parts are made divisible and the Inner core via at least one connecting element that the Training a passage opening in the wall in the Serves cavity, with an outer part of the outer mold connected is.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that a mold, which was formed with the help of a wax-coated core, already deviations in the cavity released by the wax with regard to the desired wall thickness of the component to be cast having.
  • the deviations in the location of the core with respect his desired position results in from the different Thermal expansion of the ceramic core, the metallic Pins or supports and the wax coat forming Wax.
  • the different effects of heat towards the core and the pins or supports of the mold lead to a different thermal expansion, which under unfavorable Cause the core to twist and thus lead to an additional, local wall thickness deviation can.
  • the invention is based on the consideration of the casting mold without forming a lost wax coat and an improved one To achieve fixation of the core to the rest of the mold, so that no relative movements of the core with respect to the rest of the mold, which lead to an undesirable change in wall thickness can, are possible.
  • This divisible mold comprises one in several outer parts divisible outer mold and at least one inner core a connecting element.
  • the outer mold essentially represents the negative of the outer surface of the hollow body to be cast represents, while the inner core to form the cavity serves.
  • the inner core is via at least one connecting element with at least one outer part of the outer mold connected.
  • the connecting elements fix the inner core with respect its position to the outer mold and form the passage openings through the wall of the component to be cast.
  • Each connecting element is designed so that its Dimensions and its location the dimensions and the position a passage opening through the wall of the to be cast Component correspond in the cavity formed by the inner core.
  • the number of connecting elements preferably corresponds the number of the components to be cast Passage openings.
  • the connecting elements range from the surface of the inner core to the outer mold and touch the outer parts such that no later when pouring Casting material between the connecting elements and the outer mold or can reach the inner core.
  • the mold for the component to be cast consists of those joined together to form the outer mold External parts with the connecting elements connected inner cores and the connecting elements. Since the Mold can be made without a wax coat, it can not with regard to an undesirable change in position of the inner core the outer mold due to different thermal expansion of the inner core, the outer mold and / or the connecting elements come when the wax coat melts.
  • An inner core via at least one connecting element is advantageous firmly with an outer part of the outer mold connected. This has the advantage that the inner core even when pouring the mold with liquid metal Position with respect to the outer mold does not change.
  • An inner core with exactly one outer part is preferred connected. This ensures that the finished mold from at least two individual components can be assembled, wherein each component consists of exactly one outer part that if necessary with an inner core via assigned connecting elements is firmly connected. In addition to the fixed connection of the inner core and outer part used connecting elements further connecting elements can be assigned to the inner core, which serve to form further through openings.
  • the outer mold preferably consists of a ceramic material.
  • the inner core is also preferred made of a ceramic material.
  • Cavity e.g. a cavity with one or more constrictions
  • Cavity advantageously serve several inner cores for training of the cavity. This allows the geometry of each one Inner core can be made relatively simple, creating a inexpensive manufacture of the mold can be achieved.
  • Is the cavity for example, as a supply channel for supply a turbine blade with cooling air provided, so extends the inner core forming the supply channel advantageously along a main direction of expansion and has a substantially trapezoidal or triangular cross-sectional area perpendicular to the main direction of expansion.
  • Cooling bag e.g. one Cooling bag of a turbine blade
  • this is the cooling bag forming inner core preferably essentially plate-shaped.
  • a component to be cast has several cavities, then serve advantageously several inner cores to form the different cavities.
  • such inner cores are at least over a connecting element, in particular via spacer knobs, kept at a distance from each other.
  • the device described is preferably used for production a metallic, at least one cavity and a hollow body surrounding the cavity, used to manufacture a turbine blade of a gas turbine, the cavity being a cooling duct of the turbine blade is formed and several cooling air openings for the cooling channel are provided, each cooling air opening is formed by a passage opening.
  • the usage the device has the advantage that the finished poured Turbine blade has a defined wall thickness and therefore the amount of cooling air required to cool the turbine blade to the maximum permissible surface temperature of the turbine blade can be coordinated. Overall, there is a extremely low cooling air requirement leading to high efficiency the gas turbine results. Another advantage results differs in that the turbine blade after removal of the Mold does not have to be reworked.
  • the Drilling the cooling air openings or removing the over the outer surface protruding pins when an inner core of the Casting mold according to the prior art with metallic pins was fixed in its position. They are also used to manufacture no precious metal pins (e.g. platinum) necessary for the mold, which on the one hand lowers the manufacturing costs and on the other hand the Reduced risk of local alloy formation.
  • precious metal pins e.g. platinum
  • the object directed to a method is achieved according to the invention solved by a process for producing a metallic Hollow body with at least one cavity and one the cavity surrounding wall, which has a passage opening, a mold is poured out with metal by an inner core that serves to form a cavity with at least one connecting element to an outer part of one in at least two outer parts connected to the outer mold is then joined together to form the outer mold be from the outer mold, the fasteners and cast the existing core with metal and the mold is finally removed.
  • the mold of a hollow body can be assembled piece by piece become.
  • Each component of the mold consists of at least one outer part of the outer mold and, if appropriate one or more assigned inner cores, the with connecting elements on the outer parts of a component are attached.
  • Each component in turn represents a component which can be composed of smaller units.
  • a mold for one complicated molded hollow body from a plurality of smaller Elements that have a relatively simple geometry, piece by piece.
  • There is the advantage that a large number of pre-made or partially pre-made Elements (e.g. connecting elements, inner cores) for assembly the components of the mold can be used what the construction effort and thus the costs for production reduced.
  • the outer parts of the prefabricated components are then assembled into a mold for the hollow body and firmly connected. Then the finished one Casting mold in a known manner with liquid metal and removed after the metal solidifies.
  • FIG. 1 is a side view of a hollow body 1 Turbine blade with a blade area 2 for one Gas turbine shown.
  • the turbine blade 1 has a number of cavities 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19 and 21 on which are surrounded by a wall 23, as in cross section through the airfoil area 2 along the line I-I in FIG. 2 is shown.
  • the cavities 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19 and 21 form cooling channels 3, 5, 9, 15, 19 and 21 and cooling air pockets 7, 11, 13 and 17, which can be charged with cooling air are.
  • the wall 23 of the turbine blade 1 has a plurality of passage openings 25, also as Cooling air openings 25 referred to, in the cooling air pockets 7, 11, 13 and 17 and in the cooling channel 3 open. By this cooling air openings 25 can cool air from the cooling channels inside the turbine blade 1 onto the outer surface 24 emerge from the wall 23 and form a cooling air film there.
  • FIG. 3 shows an apparatus for producing a turbine blade 1.
  • the device consists of a ceramic Mold 27, the one divided into two outer parts 29A and 29B Outer mold 29 includes. Furthermore, the mold 27 comprises one Number of ceramic inner cores 33, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49 and 51 which form the cavities 3, 5, 9, 15, 19 and 21 serve.
  • the inner cores 33, 37, 41 are ceramic Connecting elements 53 connected to the outer part 29A and the inner cores 43, 47 and 51, respectively, with the outer part 29B.
  • the inner cores 35 and 39 are also each via connecting elements 53 (spacer knobs) with the neighboring ones Inner cores 33 and 37 and 37 and 41 connected and spaced, while the remaining inner cores 45 and 49 each on only one further inner core 43 or 47 with connecting elements 53 are attached.
  • the different inner cores 33 to 51 are according to the The task of the cavities they form varies formed.
  • the cooling air pockets 7, 11 13 and 17 are for example of plate-shaped inner cores 37, 41, 43 and 47 educated.
  • the plate-shaped inner cores have holes 57 (see. 5) on the formation of webs not shown in the cooler bags 7, 11, 13 and 17 serve. Reinforce these bridges the mechanical stability of the turbine blade 1 in Area of the wall 23.
  • connecting elements 53 are glued, which in turn is glued to one of the outer parts 29A and 29B are.
  • the ceramic connecting elements 53 correspond in FIG their dimensions and their location that they formed Cooling air openings 25 of the turbine blade 1 and therefore have preferably a cylindrical cross section.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross section of the outer parts 29A and 29B and the inner cores 33, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49 and 51 and the connecting elements 53 Mold 27 shown.
  • the outer parts 29A and 29B are here firmly connected.
  • In the area of the center of the mold 27 engage the inner cores 35, 39, 45 and 49 in the manner interlocking, making it easy Joining the outer parts 29A and 29B.
  • Through the fixed Connection of each inner core to one of the two outer parts 29A or 29B is the position of each inner core with respect to FIG neighboring inner cores, and with respect to that of the outer parts 29A and 29B formed outer mold clearly determined.
  • FIG. 5 shows an oblique view of a detail from FIG. 3, the inner cores 37 and 35 for better illustration not yet with the outer part 29A or with the inner core 37 are connected.
  • the plate-shaped inner core 37 is used Formation of the cooler bag 7 from the cooling air duct 5 with cooling air is supplied.
  • the inner core 35 to form the Cooling air duct 5 serves extends along a main direction of expansion 55.
  • the cross-sectional area 57 perpendicular to The main direction of expansion 55 of the inner core 35 has a essentially triangular shape.
  • the connecting elements 53 on the one hand form cooling air openings 25 or connections from Cooling channel 35 to the cooler bag 37, on the other hand, they hold one fixed distance between the inner cores 37 and 35 and the Inner core 37 and the outer part 29A upright.
  • the mold 27 for the turbine blade 1 is in several Steps. Since the connecting elements 53 a have cylindrical cross section, they can be made of rod-shaped primary material cut to the required length and at the positions of the cooling air openings 25 on the inner cores 33, 37, 41, 43 and 49 e.g. be glued. Then the connecting elements 53, plate-shaped inner cores 37 and 41 or 43 and 47 and the Inner cores 33 and 51 fixed via the connecting elements 53 glued to the outer halves 29A and 29B. Then be the inner cores 35, 39, 45 and 49, which cooling air channels to supply the cooling air pockets 7, 11, 13 and 17 with cooling air form, with the inner cores 37, 41 assigned to them, 43 and 47 glued via connecting elements 53 (spacer knobs).
  • the outer parts 29A and 29B then become the mold 27 put together and firmly connected.
  • the mold 27 For education the turbine blade 1, the mold 27 with liquid Poured metal. After the metal solidifies, the mold becomes 27 e.g. removed by leaching, and then gives the finished molded turbine blade 1 free.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Dispositif de production d'un corps (1) creux métallique ayant au moins une cavité (3, 5, 17) et une paroi entourant la cavité, comprenant une lingotière extérieure de coulée qui a au moins un noyau (33, 35, 47) intérieur servant à constituer la cavité,
       caractérisé en ce que la lingotière extérieure de coulée est réalisée de manière à pouvoir être séparée en au moins deux parties (29A, 29B) extérieures et le noyau (33, 35, 47) intérieur est relié par au moins un élément (53) de liaison, qui sert à constituer une ouverture (25) de passage dans la paroi (23) menant dans la cavité (3, 5, 7), à une partie (29A, 29B) extérieure de la lingotière extérieure de coulée.
  2. Dispositif suivant la revendication 1,
       caractérisé en ce que le noyau (33) intérieur est relié par au moins un élément (53) de liaison rigidement à une partie (29A, 29B) extérieure de la lingotière extérieure de coulée.
  3. Dispositif suivant la revendication 1 ou 2,
       caractérisé en ce que la lingotière extérieure de coulée est en une matière céramique.
  4. Dispositif suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
       caractérisé en ce que le noyau (33, 35, 47) intérieur est en une matière céramique.
  5. Dispositif suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
       caractérisé en ce que le noyau (33, 35, 47) intérieur est relié à exactement une partie (29A, 29B) extérieure.
  6. Dispositif suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
       caractérisé en ce que plusieurs noyaux (33, 35, 47) intérieurs servent à constituer la cavité.
  7. Dispositif suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
       caractérisé en ce que l'élément (53) de liaison est cylindrique.
  8. Dispositif suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
       caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu plusieurs noyaux (33, 35, 47) intérieurs pour constituer au moins deux cavités.
  9. Dispositif suivant la revendication 8,
       caractérisé en ce qu'au moins deux noyaux (33, 35, 47, 51) intérieurs qui servent à constituer diverses cavités sont reliés entre eux par un élément de liaison et sont à distance l'un de l'autre.
  10. Dispositif suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
       caractérisé en ce qu'un noyau (33, 35, 45) intérieur, qui sert à constituer un canal (3, 5, 15) d'alimentation en air de refroidissement, s'étend le long d'une direction (55) d'étendue principale et a une surface (57) de section transversale sensiblement trapézoïdale ou triangulaire perpendiculairement à la direction (55) d'étendue principale.
  11. Dispositif suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
       caractérisé en ce qu'un noyau (37, 41, 43, 47) intérieur, sensiblement en forme de plaque et servant à constituer une poche (7, 11, 13, 17) de refroidissement, est relié, d'une part, à la lingotière extérieure de coulée et, d'autre part, à un noyau (35, 39, 45) intérieur servant à la formation d'un canal (5, 9, 15) d'alimentation alimentant la poche (7, 11, 13, 17) de refroidissement en air de refroidissement.
  12. Dispositif suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
       caractérisé en ce que l'élément (53) de liaison est en un matériau autre que celui du noyau (33, 35, 47) intérieur et/ou que celui de la lingotière extérieure de coulée.
  13. Utilisation d'un dispositif de production d'un corps (1) creux métallique ayant au moins une cavité (3, 5, 17) et une paroi (23) entourant la cavité, comprenant une lingotière extérieure de coulée qui a un noyau (33, 35, 47) intérieur qui sert à constituer la cavité (3, 5, 17), la lingotière extérieure de coulée étant réalisée de manière à pouvoir être séparée en au moins deux parties (29A, 29B) extérieures et le noyau (33, 35, 47) intérieur étant, par au moins un élément (53) de liaison qui sert à constituer une ouverture (25) de passage dans la paroi (23) menant à la cavité (3, 5, 17), relié à une partie (29A, 29B) extérieure de la lingotière extérieure de coulée pour la production d'une aube (1) d'une turbine à gaz, la cavité (3, 5, 17) étant constituée en canal de refroidissement et plusieurs ouvertures pour de l'air de refroidissement étant prévues pour le canal de refroidissement, chaque ouverture pour de l'air de refroidissement étant formée par une ouverture (25) de passage passant à travers la paroi (24).
  14. Procédé de production d'un corps (1) creux métallique ayant au moins une cavité (3, 5 ,17) et une paroi (23) entourant la cavité et ayant une ouverture (25) de passage, dans lequel on coule du métal dans une lingotière (27) de coulée,
       caractérisé en ce que
    a) on relie un noyau (33, 35, 47) intérieur qui serf à constituer une cavité (3, 5, 17) par au moins un élément (53) de liaison à une partie (29A, 29B) extérieure d'une lingotière extérieure de coulée pouvant être séparée en au moins deux parties (29A, 29B) extérieures,
    b) on assemble les parties (29A, 29B) extérieures en une lingotière extérieure de coulée,
    c) on coule du métal dans la lingotière (27) de coulée constituée de la lingotière extérieure de coulée des éléments (53) de liaison et du noyau (33, 35, 47) intérieur et
    d) on élimine la lingotière de coulée.
EP99929074A 1998-05-14 1999-05-03 Procede et dispositif de production d'un corps creux metallique Expired - Lifetime EP1098725B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19821770 1998-05-14
DE19821770A DE19821770C1 (de) 1998-05-14 1998-05-14 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines metallischen Hohlkörpers
PCT/DE1999/001289 WO1999059748A1 (fr) 1998-05-14 1999-05-03 Procede et dispositif de production d'un corps creux metallique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1098725A1 EP1098725A1 (fr) 2001-05-16
EP1098725B1 true EP1098725B1 (fr) 2003-11-19

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EP99929074A Expired - Lifetime EP1098725B1 (fr) 1998-05-14 1999-05-03 Procede et dispositif de production d'un corps creux metallique

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US6530416B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1098725B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2002515338A (fr)
DE (2) DE19821770C1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1999059748A1 (fr)

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US6530416B1 (en) 2003-03-11
JP2002515338A (ja) 2002-05-28
DE59907814D1 (de) 2003-12-24
WO1999059748A1 (fr) 1999-11-25
DE19821770C1 (de) 1999-04-15
EP1098725A1 (fr) 2001-05-16

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