EP1098142A2 - Procedure for the regulation of the thermal performance of a fuel cell system - Google Patents

Procedure for the regulation of the thermal performance of a fuel cell system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1098142A2
EP1098142A2 EP00123694A EP00123694A EP1098142A2 EP 1098142 A2 EP1098142 A2 EP 1098142A2 EP 00123694 A EP00123694 A EP 00123694A EP 00123694 A EP00123694 A EP 00123694A EP 1098142 A2 EP1098142 A2 EP 1098142A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel cell
cell system
hydraulic system
temperature
temperature level
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Granted
Application number
EP00123694A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1098142A3 (en
EP1098142B1 (en
Inventor
Jochen Paulus
Rolf Thomas
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Vaillant GmbH
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Joh Vaillant GmbH and Co
Vaillant GmbH
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Application filed by Joh Vaillant GmbH and Co, Vaillant GmbH filed Critical Joh Vaillant GmbH and Co
Priority to AT00123694T priority Critical patent/ATE338920T1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
    • H01M8/04373—Temperature; Ambient temperature of auxiliary devices, e.g. reformers, compressors, burners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D18/00—Small-scale combined heat and power [CHP] generation systems specially adapted for domestic heating, space heating or domestic hot-water supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
    • F24D3/08—Hot-water central heating systems in combination with systems for domestic hot-water supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
    • H01M8/04358—Temperature; Ambient temperature of the coolant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2101/00—Electric generators of small-scale CHP systems
    • F24D2101/30—Fuel cells
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2103/00—Thermal aspects of small-scale CHP systems
    • F24D2103/10—Small-scale CHP systems characterised by their heat recovery units
    • F24D2103/13—Small-scale CHP systems characterised by their heat recovery units characterised by their heat exchangers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/40—Combination of fuel cells with other energy production systems
    • H01M2250/405—Cogeneration of heat or hot water
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02B90/10—Applications of fuel cells in buildings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for regulating the thermal output of a Fuel cell system according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the fuel cell system is essentially constant thermal power operated, when reaching the intended temperature level of the hydraulic system, the operation is usually discontinued and after the Temperature levels around a corresponding hysteresis is resumed.
  • the aim of the invention is to avoid this disadvantage and a method of the beginning to propose the kind mentioned that the operation of the Fuel cell system results.
  • the proposed measures make it possible to improve the performance of the fuel cell system reduce accordingly, thereby reducing the operating time of the fuel cell system lengthened each time the hydraulic system heats up can, which means that the number of switching cycles of the fuel cell system accordingly reduced.
  • the features of claim 3 have the advantage that a very accurate Determination of the temperature level of the hydraulic system is possible, regardless of the respective operating conditions.
  • the features of claim 4 avoid that the fuel cell in one uneconomical part-load range in which the efficiency drops drastically and or or certain components of the fuel cell system are not for other reasons should or can be operated.
  • the features of claim 7 result in the advantage that the modulating thermal performance of the fuel cell system adapted to the heating system can be.
  • the heat demand from the radiators i.e. their number, size and the setting of the thermostats are taken into account.
  • a fuel cell system 1 is connected via a Flow line 11 connected to a heat exchanger 13, which is in a memory 3rd is arranged.
  • the heat exchanger 13 is connected to a changeover valve 8 via a connecting line 14 connected, at its two further connections a return line 10 in which one Circulation pump 9 is arranged, and one coming from a radiator arrangement 7 Heating return line 10 'are connected.
  • the radiator arrangement 7 is connected to the flow line via a heating flow line 11 ' 11 connected.
  • the radiator assembly 7 forms together with the memory 3 and required connecting lines a hydraulic system by the fuel cell system 1 is supplied with heating water.
  • a regulation 2 is connected to the fuel cell system 1 via a control line 15 connected. Furthermore, temperature sensors 6a and 6b are connected to the fuel cell system 1, which are arranged at different heights in the memory 3, via signal lines 16a, 16b connected. There is also a temperature sensor 12 in the flow line 11 arranged, which is connected to the fuel cell system 1 via a signal line 17 is.
  • a memory inlet line 5 opens into the lowest area of the memory 3, wherein from the uppermost area of the memory 3 leads a memory feed line 4.
  • FIG. 2 shows an example of the control of a system according to FIG. 1 according to the Invention.
  • the heating of the hydraulic system takes place, as can be seen from FIG. 2, up to a certain value, in the specific case up to a temperature of 50 ° C, with full thermal power, e.g. B. 6kW. Then the thermal performance of the fuel cell system 1 modulated and slowly down to the minimum thermal output of e.g. 2kW reduced.
  • the modulation begins the thermal output of the fuel cell system 1, with temperatures T3, T4 the fuel cell system is operated with the minimum thermal output. As soon as in the area of the temperature sensor 6a the intended target temperature is reached, the thermal power of the fuel cell system switched off.
  • the modulation of the thermal power of the fuel cell system 1 can take place, for example, as a logarithmic, exponential or linear function.
  • T Is is the respective actual temperature of the temperature sensor.
  • T target is the target temperature of the hydraulic system.
  • the fuel cell system 1 is operated with full thermal power P max .
  • the thermal power P is reduced above T 1 .
  • T 3 fuel cell system 1 is only operated with a minimum thermal output P min .
  • the power P can take place, for example, as a linear function of the temperature deviation (T setpoint - T actual ).
  • P P Max ⁇ T Should -T IS T Should -T 1
  • the slope can be changed by using a different temperature constant T C instead of the target temperature T Soll .
  • P P Max ⁇ T C. -T Is T C. -T 1
  • C 1 is a constant used to adjust the change in performance. With a logarithmic power adjustment, the power is reduced only slightly and later more.
  • the constant C 2 - like the following constants C 3 and C 4 - serves to adapt the temperature gradient dT / dt.
  • P P Max ⁇ 1 n T Should - T 1 T Should - T Is possible.
  • the course of the adaptation using the e-function is similar.
  • ie n 1/2
  • the characteristic is similar to the logarithm.
  • T Soll is replaced by another temperature T C , the temperature gradient can also be adapted here.
  • a formula mentioned above can be multiplied by a timing element, for example 1 / e t or 1 / (In (t + 1) +1). It is also possible to regulate the power P from the modulation limit T 1 on a purely time-based basis.
  • P P Max ⁇ 1 e C. 3rd ⁇ T
  • P P Max ⁇ 1 In( C. 4th ⁇ ( t +1)) + 1

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

The power of the fuel cell system is controlled based on the temperature level of the hydraulic system. Until a predetermined temperature level of the hydraulic system is reached, the fuel cell system is driven at full thermal power, and thereafter the thermal power of the fuel cell system is reduced. The thermal power of the fuel cell system may be reduced as the temperature level of the hydraulic system increasingly approaches a reference value.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Regelung der thermischen Leistung eines Brennstoffzellen-Systems gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1.The invention relates to a method for regulating the thermal output of a Fuel cell system according to the preamble of claim 1.

Nach bekannten Verfahren wird das Brennstoffzellen-System im wesentlichen mit konstanter thermischer Leistung betrieben, wobei bei Erreichung des vorgesehenen Temperaturniveaus des hydraulischen Systems der Betrieb meist eingestellt und nach Absinken des Temperaturniveaus um eine entsprechende Hysterese wieder aufgenommen wird.According to known methods, the fuel cell system is essentially constant thermal power operated, when reaching the intended temperature level of the hydraulic system, the operation is usually discontinued and after the Temperature levels around a corresponding hysteresis is resumed.

Dabei ergibt sich jedoch der Nachteil, daß es zu einer hohen Anzahl von Ein/Ausschaltungen kommt, die sich negativ auf die Lebensdauer des Brennstoffzellen-Systems auswirken.However, there is the disadvantage that there are a large number of on / off switches comes that have a negative impact on the life of the fuel cell system.

Ziel der Erfindung ist es, diesen Nachteil zu vermeiden und ein Verfahren der eingangs erwähnten Art vorzuschlagen, das einen möglichst kontinuierlichen Betrieb des Brennstoffzellen-Systems ergibt.The aim of the invention is to avoid this disadvantage and a method of the beginning to propose the kind mentioned that the operation of the Fuel cell system results.

Erfindungsgemäß wird dies bei einem Verfahren der eingangs erwähnten Art durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruches 1 erreicht. According to the invention, this is achieved in a method of the type mentioned at the outset by characteristic features of claim 1 achieved.

Durch die vorgeschlagenen Maßnahmen ist es möglich, die Leistung des Brennstoffzellen-Systems entsprechend zu vermindern, wodurch die Betriebszeit des Brennstoffzellen-Systems bei jedem Aufheizen des hydraulischen Systems entsprechend verlängert werden kann, wodurch sich die Zahl der Schaltspiele des Brennstoffzellen-Systems entsprechend vermindert.The proposed measures make it possible to improve the performance of the fuel cell system reduce accordingly, thereby reducing the operating time of the fuel cell system lengthened each time the hydraulic system heats up can, which means that the number of switching cycles of the fuel cell system accordingly reduced.

Durch die Merkmale des unabhängigen Anspruches läßt sich das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren sehr einfach durchführen, wobei gleichzeitig ein entsprechender Komfort für die Benutzer des hydraulischen Systems sichergestellt ist.The features of the independent claim allow the invention Carry out the procedure very easily, while at the same time providing a corresponding level of comfort for the Hydraulic system user is ensured.

Durch die Merkmale des Anspruches 2 ist es möglich, eine besonders langsame Annäherung an den Sollwert des Temperaturniveaus des hydraulischen Systems zu ermöglichen. Dadurch ergeben sich besonders lange Betriebszeiten des Brennstoffzellen-Systems bei jedem Aufheiz-Zyklus und dadurch eine sehr weitgehende Verminderung der Schaltspiele des Brennstoffzellen-Systems.The features of claim 2 make it possible to run a particularly slow one Approaching the setpoint of the temperature level of the hydraulic system enable. This results in particularly long operating times for the fuel cell system with each heating cycle and thereby a very large reduction in the Switching cycles of the fuel cell system.

Durch die Merkmale des Anspruches 3 ergibt sich der Vorteil, daß eine sehr genaue Ermittlung des Temperaturniveaus des hydraulischen Systems möglich ist, unabhängig von den jeweiligen Betriebsbedingungen.The features of claim 3 have the advantage that a very accurate Determination of the temperature level of the hydraulic system is possible, regardless of the respective operating conditions.

Durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 4 wird vermieden, dass die Brennstoffzelle in einem unwirtschaftlichen Teillastbereich, in dem der Wirkungsgrad drastisch abfällt und bzw. oder bestimmte Komponenten des Brennstoffzellen-Systems aus anderen Gründen nicht betrieben werden sollen oder können, betrieben wird. Hierbei wird die Minimallast des Brennstoffzellen-Systems ab einer bestimmten Temperatur des hydraulischen Systems eingestellt. The features of claim 4 avoid that the fuel cell in one uneconomical part-load range in which the efficiency drops drastically and or or certain components of the fuel cell system are not for other reasons should or can be operated. The minimum load of the Fuel cell system from a certain temperature of the hydraulic system set.

Durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 5 wird der gleiche Effekt dadurch erreicht, dass bei Erreichen der Minimallast beim Modulieren diese Minimallast auch bei einer weiteren Temperaturerhöhung des Temperaturniveaus des hydraulischen Systems nicht unterschritten wird.By the features of claim 5, the same effect is achieved in that When the minimum load is reached when modulating, this minimum load is also at another Temperature increase of the temperature level of the hydraulic system is not is undercut.

Durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 6 ist es möglich, die Schalttemperatur, ab der das Brennstoffzellen-System mit Minimallast betrieben wird, an das Heizungssystem anzupassen. So bewirkt beispielsweise ein großer Speicher eine langsamere Temperaturerhöhung, d.h. einen kleineren Temperaturgradienten, als ein kleiner Speicher.Due to the features of claim 6, it is possible to change the switching temperature, from which Fuel cell system operated at minimum load to the heating system adapt. For example, a large memory slows down Temperature increase, i.e. a smaller temperature gradient than a small memory.

Durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 7 ergibt sich der Vorteil, dass die modulierende thermische Leistung des Brennstoffzellen-Systems an das Heizungssystem angepaßt werden kann. Hierbei wird beispielsweise auch die Wärmeanforderung durch die Heizkörper, d.h. deren Anzahl, Größe sowie die Einstellung der Thermostaten, berücksichtigt.The features of claim 7 result in the advantage that the modulating thermal performance of the fuel cell system adapted to the heating system can be. For example, the heat demand from the radiators, i.e. their number, size and the setting of the thermostats are taken into account.

Durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 8 werden mögliche Regelalgorithmen für die Verarbeitung der zu berücksichtigenden Temperaturen beschrieben.The features of claim 8 are possible control algorithms for the Processing of the temperatures to be taken into account is described.

Durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 9 werden mögliche Regelalgorithmen für den zeitlichen Verlauf beschrieben.Due to the features of claim 9, possible control algorithms for the temporal Course described.

Die Erfindung wird nun anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Dabei zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 schematisch eine Anlage mit einem Brennstoffzellen-System und einem hydraulischen System
  • Fig. 2 ein Diagramm, das schematisch den Verlauf der Regelung zeigt und
  • Fig. 3 ein Diagramm, das schematisch die Regelung der thermischen Leistung gemäß zweier Speicherfühler-Temperaturen zeigt.
    • The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing. Show:
  • Fig. 1 shows schematically a system with a fuel cell system and a hydraulic system
  • Fig. 2 is a diagram schematically showing the course of the control and
  • Fig. 3 is a diagram schematically showing the control of the thermal power according to two storage sensor temperatures.

    • Gleiche Bezugszeichen bedeuten in allen Figuren gleiche Einzelteile.The same reference numerals mean the same individual parts in all figures.

    Bei der in der in Fig. 1 dargestellten Anlage ist ein Brennstoffzellen-System 1 über eine Vorlaufleitung 11 mit einem Wärmetauscher 13 verbunden, der in einem Speicher 3 angeordnet ist.In the system shown in FIG. 1, a fuel cell system 1 is connected via a Flow line 11 connected to a heat exchanger 13, which is in a memory 3rd is arranged.

    Der Wärmetauscher 13 ist über eine Anschlußleitung 14 mit einem Umschaltventil 8 verbunden, an dessen beiden weiteren Anschlüssen eine Rücklaufleitung 10, in der eine Umwälzpumpe 9 angeordnet ist, und eine von einer Heizkörperanordnung 7 kommende Heizungs-Rücklaufleitung 10' angeschlossen sind.The heat exchanger 13 is connected to a changeover valve 8 via a connecting line 14 connected, at its two further connections a return line 10 in which one Circulation pump 9 is arranged, and one coming from a radiator arrangement 7 Heating return line 10 'are connected.

    Die Heizkörperanordnung 7 ist über eine Heizungs-Vorlaufleitung 11' mit der Vorlaufleitung 11 verbunden. Die Heizkörperanordnung 7 bildet gemeinsam mit dem Speicher 3 und den erforderlichen Verbindungsleitungen ein hydraulisches System, das vom Brennstoffzellen-System 1 mit Heizwasser versorgt wird.The radiator arrangement 7 is connected to the flow line via a heating flow line 11 ' 11 connected. The radiator assembly 7 forms together with the memory 3 and required connecting lines a hydraulic system by the fuel cell system 1 is supplied with heating water.

    An das Brennstoffzellen-System 1 ist eine Regelung 2 über eine Steuerleitung 15 angeschlossen. Weiters sind an das Brennstoffzellen-System 1 Temperaturfühler 6a und 6b, die in unterschiedlichen Höhen im Speicher 3 angeordnet sind, über Signalleitungen 16a, 16b angeschlossen. Außerdem ist ein Temperaturfühler 12 in der Vorlaufleitung 11 angeordnet, der über eine Signalleitung 17 mit dem Brennstoffzellen-System 1 verbunden ist. A regulation 2 is connected to the fuel cell system 1 via a control line 15 connected. Furthermore, temperature sensors 6a and 6b are connected to the fuel cell system 1, which are arranged at different heights in the memory 3, via signal lines 16a, 16b connected. There is also a temperature sensor 12 in the flow line 11 arranged, which is connected to the fuel cell system 1 via a signal line 17 is.

    In den Speicher 3 mündet in dessen untersten Bereich eine Speicherzulauf-Leitung 5, wobei aus dem obersten Bereich des Speichers 3 eine Speicher-Vorlaufleitung 4 wegführt.A memory inlet line 5 opens into the lowest area of the memory 3, wherein from the uppermost area of the memory 3 leads a memory feed line 4.

    Die Fig. 2 zeigt ein Beispiel für die Regelung einer Anlage gemäß der Fig. 1 nach der Erfindung.FIG. 2 shows an example of the control of a system according to FIG. 1 according to the Invention.

    Die Aufheizung des hydraulischen Systems erfolgt, wie aus der Fig. 2 zu ersehen ist, bis zu einem bestimmten Wert, im konkreten Fall bis zu einer Temperatur von 50°C, mit voller thermischer Leistung, z. B. 6kW. Danach wird die thermische Leistung des Brennstoffzellen-Systems 1 moduliert und langsam bis auf die thermische Mindestleistung von z.B.2kW reduziert.The heating of the hydraulic system takes place, as can be seen from FIG. 2, up to a certain value, in the specific case up to a temperature of 50 ° C, with full thermal power, e.g. B. 6kW. Then the thermal performance of the fuel cell system 1 modulated and slowly down to the minimum thermal output of e.g. 2kW reduced.

    Dadurch tritt mit Beginn der Modulation der thermischen Leistung, die unterhalb einer vorgewählten Soll-Temperatur von z.B. 60°C, einsetzt, eine Verflachung des Temperaturanstieges im hydraulischen System auf. Bei Erreichung der thermischen Mindestleistung des Brennstoffzellen-Systems 1 ergibt sich wieder ein linearer Temperaturanstieg im hydraulischen System, der allerdings erheblich flacher verläuft als zu Beginn der Aufladung. Wenn das Brennstoffzellen-System 1 abgeschaltet wird, kommt es zu keinem weiteren Temperaturanstieg im hydraulischen System.This occurs with the beginning of the modulation of the thermal power, which is below a preselected target temperature of e.g. 60 ° C, starts, a flattening of the Temperature rise in the hydraulic system. When thermal The minimum output of the fuel cell system 1 again results in a linear one Temperature rise in the hydraulic system, which is, however, considerably flatter than too Start of charging. If the fuel cell system 1 is switched off, it occurs no further temperature rise in the hydraulic system.

    Aus dem Diagramm nach der Fig. 3 ist der Verlauf der Temperaturen an den Temperaturfühlern 6a (Fühler 1) und 6b (Fühler 2) während der Aufheizung des hydraulischen Systems zu ersehen.3 shows the course of the temperatures at the Temperature sensors 6a (sensor 1) and 6b (sensor 2) during the heating of the hydraulic system.

    Bei Erreichen der Temperaturen T1 bzw. T2 an den Fühlern 6a, 6b beginnt die Modulation der thermischen Leistung des Brennstoffzellen-Systems 1, wobei ab den Temperaturen T3, T4 das Brennstoffzellen-System mit der thermischen Mindestleistung betrieben wird. Sobald im Bereich des Temperaturfühlers 6a die vorgesehene Soll-Temperatur erreicht ist, wird die thermische Leistung des Brennstoffzellen-Systems abgeschaltet.When the temperatures T1 and T2 at the sensors 6a, 6b are reached, the modulation begins the thermal output of the fuel cell system 1, with temperatures T3, T4 the fuel cell system is operated with the minimum thermal output. As soon as in the area of the temperature sensor 6a the intended target temperature is reached, the thermal power of the fuel cell system switched off.

    Aufgrund des thermischen Speichervermögens des Brennstoffzellen-Systems 1 und des Umstandes, daß die Umwälzpumpe auch nach der Abschaltung des Brennstoffzellen-Systems 1 weiter betrieben wird, wird für eine bestimmte Zeit weiter Heizwasser in den Speicher 3 gefördert, wodurch die Temperatur im Bereich des Temperaturfühlers 6b weiter bis zur Solltemperatur ansteigt.Due to the thermal storage capacity of the fuel cell system 1 and Circumstance that the circulation pump even after the fuel cell system has been switched off 1 continues to operate, heating water continues to flow into the Memory 3 promoted, whereby the temperature in the region of the temperature sensor 6b further up to the set temperature.

    Die Modulation der thermischen Leistung des Brennstoffzellen-Systems 1 kann beispielsweise als logarithmische, exponentielle oder lineare Funktion erfolgen. Gemäß Fig. 2 und Fig. 3 stellt in den folgenden, beispielhaften Regelungsbeispielen und -algorithmen TIst die jeweils aktuelle Temperatur des Temperaturfühlers dar. TSoll ist die Solltemperatur des hydraulischen Systems. Unterhalb der Temperatur T1 des Temperaturfühlers wird das Brennstoffzellen-System 1 mit voller thermischer Leistung Pmax betrieben. Oberhalb T1 wird die thermische Leistung P reduziert. Oberhalb der Temperatur T3 wird das Brennstoffzellen-System 1 lediglich mit thermischer Mindestleistung Pmin betrieben.The modulation of the thermal power of the fuel cell system 1 can take place, for example, as a logarithmic, exponential or linear function. Referring to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 in the following exemplary examples and control algorithms T Is is the respective actual temperature of the temperature sensor. T target is the target temperature of the hydraulic system. Below the temperature T 1 of the temperature sensor, the fuel cell system 1 is operated with full thermal power P max . The thermal power P is reduced above T 1 . Above temperature T 3 , fuel cell system 1 is only operated with a minimum thermal output P min .

    Im Modulationsbereich kann die Leistung P beispielsweise in linearer Abhängigkeit von der Temperaturabweichung (Tsoll - TIst) erfolgen. P=Pmax·TSoll-TIST TSoll-T1 In the modulation range, the power P can take place, for example, as a linear function of the temperature deviation (T setpoint - T actual ). P = P Max · T Should -T IS T Should -T 1

    Die Steigung kann verändert werden, indem statt der Solltemperatur TSoll eine andere Temperaturkonstante TC verwendet wird. P=Pmax·TC-TIst TC-T1 The slope can be changed by using a different temperature constant T C instead of the target temperature T Soll . P = P Max · T C. -T Is T C. -T 1

    Die Leistungsanpassung kann auch als e-Funktion erfolgen: P=Pmax·1e(C1·(TIst-T1)) The power adjustment can also be done as an e-function: P = P Max · 1 e (C. 1 · (T Is -T 1 ))

    Hierbei wird die Leistung anfangs schnell reduziert und danach die Leistungsreduktion reduziert. C1 ist hierbei eine Konstante, die der Anpassung der Leistungsänderung dient. Bei einer logarithmischen Leistungsanpassung wird die Leistung erst wenig und später stärker reduziert.

    Figure 00070001
    Here, the power is quickly reduced at the beginning and then the power reduction is reduced. C 1 is a constant used to adjust the change in performance. With a logarithmic power adjustment, the power is reduced only slightly and later more.
    Figure 00070001

    Die Konstante C2 dient - wie auch die folgenden Konstanten C3 und C4 - der Anpassung des Temperaturgradienten dT/dt. Es sind auch Anpassungen gemäß P = Pmax· 1 n TSoll - T1 TSoll - TIst möglich. Ist n>1, z. B. quadratisch, d.h. n=2, so ähnelt der Verlauf der Anpassung mit Hilfe der e-Funktion. Bei n<1, z. B. Wurzelfunktion, d.h. n=1/2, ist die Charakteristik ähnlich dem Logarithmus. Wird TSoll durch eine andere Temperatur TC ersetzt, so kann auch hier der Temperaturgradient angepaßt werden.The constant C 2 - like the following constants C 3 and C 4 - serves to adapt the temperature gradient dT / dt. There are also adjustments according to P = P Max · 1 n T Should - T 1 T Should - T Is possible. If n> 1, e.g. B. quadratic, ie n = 2, the course of the adaptation using the e-function is similar. At n <1, e.g. B. root function, ie n = 1/2, the characteristic is similar to the logarithm. If T Soll is replaced by another temperature T C , the temperature gradient can also be adapted here.

    Zusätzlich kann eine vorgenannte Formel mit einem Zeitglied, beispielsweise 1/et oder 1/(In(t+1)+1), multipliziert werden. Auch ist es möglich die Leistung P ab der Modulationsgrenze T1 rein zeitbasiert zu regeln. P=Pmax·1 eC3·t P=Pmax·1In(C 4·(t+1))+1 In addition, a formula mentioned above can be multiplied by a timing element, for example 1 / e t or 1 / (In (t + 1) +1). It is also possible to regulate the power P from the modulation limit T 1 on a purely time-based basis. P = P Max · 1 e C. 3rd · T P = P Max · 1 In( C. 4th · ( t +1)) + 1

    Claims (9)

    Verfahren zur Regelung der thermischen Leistung eines Brennstoffzellen-Systems, das ein hydraulisches System, das eine Heizkörperanordnung (7) und bzw. oder einen Speicher (3) umfaßt, über eine Vorlauf- und eine Rücklaufleitung (10, 11) mit Heizwasser versorgt, in dem die thermische Leistung des Brennstoffzellen-Systems (1) in Abhängigkeit vom Temperaturniveau des hydraulischen Systems gesteuert wird,dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bis zur Erreichung eines vorbestimmten, unterhalb eines vorgegebenen Soll-Temperaturniveaus liegenden Temperaturniveaus das Brennstoffzellen-System (1) mit voller thermischer Leistung betrieben wird und danach die thermische Leistung des Brennstoffzellen-Systems reduziert wird.Method for regulating the thermal output of a fuel cell system, which supplies a hydraulic system, which comprises a radiator arrangement (7) and / or a reservoir (3), with heating water via a flow and a return line (10, 11) which the thermal output of the fuel cell system (1) is controlled as a function of the temperature level of the hydraulic system, characterized in that the fuel cell system (1) with full thermal output until a predetermined temperature level which is below a predetermined target temperature level is reached is operated and then the thermal output of the fuel cell system is reduced. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die thermische Leistung des Brennstoffzellen-Systems mit steigender Annäherung des Temperaturniveaus des hydraulischen Systems an den Soll-Wert vermindert wird. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the thermal output of the fuel cell system is reduced as the temperature level of the hydraulic system approaches the setpoint. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zur Ermittlung des Temperaturniveaus des hydraulischen Systems die Temperatur an mehreren Stellen, z. B. im Brauchwasser-Speicher an unterschiedlichen Stellen, erfaßt wird.Method according to one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that to determine the temperature level of the hydraulic system, the temperature at several points, for. B. in service water storage at different points. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei Unterschreiten einer bestimmten Temperaturdifferenz des Temperaturniveaus des hydraulischen Systems zum Soll-Temperaturniveau das Brennstoffzellen-System mit einer konstanten, thermischen Minimalleistung betrieben wird.Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at Falling below a certain temperature difference of the temperature level of the hydraulic system to the target temperature level, the fuel cell system is operated with a constant, thermal minimum output. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei Erreichen einer bestimmten thermischen Leistung, die der Minimalleistung des Brennstoffzellen-Systems (1) entspricht, die thermische Leistung des Brennstoffzellen-Systems (1) bei einer weiteren Temperaturerhöhung des Temperaturniveaus des hydraulischen Systems bei dieser Minimalleistung verbleibt.Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at Reaching a certain thermal output, which is the minimum output of the Fuel cell system (1) corresponds to the thermal performance of the Fuel cell system (1) at a further temperature increase of Temperature levels of the hydraulic system at this minimum output remains. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Temperaturdifferenz des Temperaturniveaus des hydraulischen Systems zum Soll-Temperaturniveau, bei der die modulierende thermische Leistung des Brennstoffzellen-Systems (1) zur Minimalleistung wechselt, in Abhängigkeit des Temperaturgradienten des hydraulischen Systems angepaßt wird.A method according to claim 4, characterized in that the Temperature difference of the temperature level of the hydraulic system for Target temperature level at which the modulating thermal output of the Fuel cell system (1) changes to the minimum output, depending on the Temperature gradient of the hydraulic system is adjusted. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die thermische Leistung des Brennstoffzellen-Systems (1) in Abhängigkeit des Temperaturgradienten des hydraulischen Systems angepaßt wird. Method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the thermal output of the fuel cell system (1) depending on the Temperature gradient of the hydraulic system is adjusted. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die thermische Leistungsanpassung des Brennstoffzellen-Systems (1) unter Berücksichtigung einer logarithmischen, exponentiellen und bzw. oder linearen Funktion vorzugsweise des Soll-Temperaturniveaus des hydraulischen Systems, den Temperaturen des hydraulischen Systems und bzw. oder den Schalttemperaturen erfolgt.Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the thermal performance adjustment of the fuel cell system (1) under Consideration of a logarithmic, exponential and / or linear Function preferably of the target temperature level of the hydraulic system, the temperatures of the hydraulic system and or or Switching temperatures take place. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die thermische Leistungsanpassung des Brennstoffzellen-Systems (1) unter Berücksichtigung einer logarithmischen, exponentiellen und bzw. oder linearen zeitlichen Funktion erfolgt.Method according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the thermal performance adjustment of the fuel cell system (1) under Consideration of a logarithmic, exponential and / or linear temporal function takes place.
    EP00123694A 1999-11-08 2000-10-31 Procedure for the regulation of the thermal performance of a fuel cell system Expired - Lifetime EP1098142B1 (en)

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    AT00123694T ATE338920T1 (en) 1999-11-08 2000-10-31 METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE THERMAL POWER OF A FUEL CELL SYSTEM

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    Cited By (4)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    EP1319899A2 (en) 2001-12-17 2003-06-18 Vaillant GmbH Method for optimizing a cogenerating system with a fuel cell
    KR100418459B1 (en) * 2001-11-26 2004-02-14 (주)세티 Apparatus for Supplying Waste Energy from Fuel Cell to Boiler
    EP1398591A2 (en) * 2002-07-18 2004-03-17 Vaillant GmbH Accumulator with layers
    EP1482254A1 (en) * 2003-05-28 2004-12-01 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Heating system with fuel cell arragement and method of operating a fuel cell arragement

    Citations (2)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    DE3716297A1 (en) * 1987-05-15 1988-12-15 Erich Gerking Gas heating/fuel cell/electrical heat supply "Multi-Mini Combined Heat and Power System"
    DE19517813A1 (en) * 1995-05-18 1996-11-21 Zsw Control of heat production in fuel cell systems

    Patent Citations (2)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    DE3716297A1 (en) * 1987-05-15 1988-12-15 Erich Gerking Gas heating/fuel cell/electrical heat supply "Multi-Mini Combined Heat and Power System"
    DE19517813A1 (en) * 1995-05-18 1996-11-21 Zsw Control of heat production in fuel cell systems

    Cited By (5)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    KR100418459B1 (en) * 2001-11-26 2004-02-14 (주)세티 Apparatus for Supplying Waste Energy from Fuel Cell to Boiler
    EP1319899A2 (en) 2001-12-17 2003-06-18 Vaillant GmbH Method for optimizing a cogenerating system with a fuel cell
    EP1398591A2 (en) * 2002-07-18 2004-03-17 Vaillant GmbH Accumulator with layers
    EP1398591A3 (en) * 2002-07-18 2006-02-08 Vaillant GmbH Accumulator with layers
    EP1482254A1 (en) * 2003-05-28 2004-12-01 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Heating system with fuel cell arragement and method of operating a fuel cell arragement

    Also Published As

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    ATE338920T1 (en) 2006-09-15
    DE50013427D1 (en) 2006-10-19
    DE10054546A1 (en) 2001-05-10
    EP1098142A3 (en) 2002-12-04
    EP1098142B1 (en) 2006-09-06

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