EP1095130A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung mehrphasiger wasch- und reinigungsmittelformkörper - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung mehrphasiger wasch- und reinigungsmittelformkörperInfo
- Publication number
- EP1095130A1 EP1095130A1 EP99934578A EP99934578A EP1095130A1 EP 1095130 A1 EP1095130 A1 EP 1095130A1 EP 99934578 A EP99934578 A EP 99934578A EP 99934578 A EP99934578 A EP 99934578A EP 1095130 A1 EP1095130 A1 EP 1095130A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- emulsion
- acid
- melt
- melt suspension
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
- C11D3/06—Phosphates, including polyphosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
- C11D17/0047—Detergents in the form of bars or tablets
- C11D17/0065—Solid detergents containing builders
- C11D17/0073—Tablets
- C11D17/0078—Multilayered tablets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
- C11D3/10—Carbonates ; Bicarbonates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/395—Bleaching agents
- C11D3/3955—Organic bleaching agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
- C11D1/72—Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/39—Organic or inorganic per-compounds
- C11D3/3902—Organic or inorganic per-compounds combined with specific additives
- C11D3/3905—Bleach activators or bleach catalysts
- C11D3/3907—Organic compounds
- C11D3/3917—Nitrogen-containing compounds
Definitions
- the present invention is in the field of the production of washable and cleaning-active molded articles. It relates in particular to processes for the production of multiphase detergent tablets, in which advantages in washing and cleaning activity are achieved by the division into several phases.
- Such detergent and cleaning agent film bodies include, for example, detergent tablets for washing textiles, detergent tablets for machine dishwashing or hard surface cleaning, bleach tablets for use in washing machines or dishwashers, water softening tablets or stain remover tablets.
- Detergent tablets of the named product classes are widely described in the prior art and are becoming increasingly popular with consumers because of the simple dosage.
- Tableted detergents and cleaning agents have a number of advantages over powdered or liquid products: They are easier to dose and handle and, thanks to their compact structure, have advantages in terms of storage and transport. There is therefore an extremely broad state of the art in detergent tablets, which is also reflected in extensive patent literature.
- the developers of tablet-shaped products came up with the idea early on to release certain ingredients in differently composed areas of the molded body only under defined conditions in the washing or cleaning cycle in order to improve cleaning success.
- the core / shell tablets and ring / core tablets which are well known from pharmacy in particular multi-layer molded articles, which are now offered for many areas of washing and cleaning or hygiene.
- Multi-phase cleaning tablets for the toilet are described for example in EP 055 100 (Jeyes Group).
- This document discloses blocks of toilet detergents which comprise a molded body made from a slowly soluble detergent composition in which a bleach tablet is embedded.
- this document discloses the most varied forms of configuration of multi-phase shaped bodies.
- the moldings are produced either by inserting a pressed bleach tablet into a mold and pouring this tablet with the detergent composition, or by pouring part of the detergent composition into the mold, followed by inserting the pressed bleach tablet and possibly subsequently pouring over it with another Detergent composition.
- the pouring of prefabricated troughs is neither described nor suggested in this document.
- EP 481 547 also describes multi-phase detergent tablets which are to be used for automatic dishwashing.
- These shaped bodies are in the form of core / shell tablets and are produced by gradually compressing the constituents: First, a bleaching agent composition is squeezed into a shaped body, which is placed in a matrix half-filled with a polymer composition, which is then filled with another polymer composition and into one provided with a polymer jacket bleaching mold body is pressed. The process is then repeated with an alkaline detergent composition, so that a three-phase molded body results.
- controlled release of ingredients, which is often referred to as “controlled release” has been and is being intensively worked on in the field of detergents and cleaning agents, so that a large number of publications also exist. Beat in the field of washing and cleaning active molded articles most of the documents prescribe a release of certain areas of the molded article which is accelerated by disintegration aids or shower systems, while the slower release of individual components, for example by coating, wrapping or deliberate delays in release, takes on a rather subordinate position.
- the present invention was based on the object of providing a production process for multi-phase detergent and cleaning agent molded articles which makes it possible to produce molded articles which enable specific release of certain ingredients at predetermined times in the washing and cleaning cycle.
- the process according to the invention should be able to produce detergent tablets which are distinguished by excellent storage and transport stability and which can perform better than conventional products in a wide variety of applications.
- a further requirement of the method to be provided was therefore that it enables a maximum degree of freedom of formulation for the most varied areas of application with regard to the detergent tablets to be produced.
- the object of the present invention is therefore a process for the production of multi-phase detergent tablets, which comprises the steps a) pressing a particulate premix to molded articles which have a depression, b) production of a melt suspension or emulsion from a coating substance which has a melting point above of 30 ° C and one or more active substance (s) dispersed or emulsified in it, c) filling the mold body with the melt suspension or emulsion at temperatures above the melting point of the coating substance d) cooling and optional aftertreatment of the filled detergent and detergent tablets.
- the particulate premix to be ve ⁇ ress can contain the ingredients usually contained in detergents and cleaning agents in varying amounts.
- substances from the group of surfactants, builders and complexing agents, bleaching agents, bleach activators, enzymes, polymers and dyes and fragrances can be contained in the premix.
- Certain substances from the groups mentioned can, however, be deliberately omitted from the premix and incorporated as active substance in the melt suspension or emulsion of process step b).
- molded bodies can be produced that release certain active substances from the molded body early or with a time delay.
- Preferred ingredients of the particulate premix are substances from the group of builders.
- builders are the most important ingredients of detergents and cleaning agents.
- the washing and cleaning agent foils produced according to the invention can contain all of the builders commonly used in washing and cleaning agents, in particular thus zeolites, silicates, carbonates, organic cobuilders and - where there are no ecological prejudices against their use - also the phosphates.
- the builders mentioned can also be used in surfactant-free moldings, so that it is possible according to the invention to produce moldings which can be used for water softening.
- Suitable crystalline, layered sodium silicates have the general formula NaMSi x O 2x + 1 ⁇ 2 O, where M is sodium or hydrogen, x is a number from 1.9 to 4 and y is a number from 0 to 20 and preferred values for x 2 , 3 or 4 are.
- M sodium or hydrogen
- x is a number from 1.9 to 4
- y is a number from 0 to 20 and preferred values for x 2 , 3 or 4 are.
- Such kri- stalline layered silicates are described, for example, in European patent application EP-A-0 164 514.
- Preferred crystalline layered silicates of the formula given are those in which M represents sodium and x assumes the values 2 or 3.
- both ⁇ - and ⁇ -sodium disilicate NajSijOj 'yH 2 O are preferred, wherein ⁇ -sodium disilicate can be obtained, for example, by the method described in international patent application WO-A-91/08171.
- the delay in dissolution compared to conventional amorphous sodium silicates can be caused in various ways, for example by surface treatment, compounding, compacting / compression or by overdrying.
- the term “amo ⁇ h” is also understood to mean “roentgenamo ⁇ h”.
- silicates in X-ray diffraction experiments do not provide sharp X-ray reflections, as are typical for crystalline substances, but at most one or more maxima of the scattered X-rays, which have a width of several degree units of the diffraction angle.
- it can very well lead to particularly good builder properties if the silicate particles deliver washed-out or even sharp diffraction maxima in electron diffraction experiments.
- This is to be integrated in such a way that the products have microcrystalline areas of size 10 to a few hundred nm, values up to max. 50 nm and in particular up to max. 20 nm are preferred.
- Such so-called X-ray amorphous silicates which also have a delay in dissolution compared to conventional water glasses, are described, for example, in German patent application DE-A-44 00 024. Particularly preferred are compressed / compacted amorphous silicates, compounded amorphous silicates and over-dried X-ray silicates.
- the finely crystalline, synthetic zeolite containing bound water used is preferably zeolite A and / or P.
- the zeolite P, zeolite MAP ® (commercial product of Crosf ⁇ eld) is particularly preferred.
- zeolite X and mixtures of A, X and / or P are also suitable.
- Commercially available and within the scope of the present Invention is preferably usable, for example, also a co-crystallizate of zeolite X and zeolite A (ca. 80 wt .-% zeolite X) which is marketed by CONDEA Augusta SpA under the trade name AX VEGOBOND ® and by the formula
- the zeolite can be used both as a builder in a granular compound and can also be used for a kind of "powdering" of the entire mixture to be used, usually both ways of incohering the zeolite into the premix.
- Suitable zeolites have an average particle size of less than 10 ⁇ m (volume distribution; measurement method: Coulter Counter) and preferably contain 18 to 22% by weight, in particular 20 to 22% by weight, of bound water.
- phosphates as builder substances, provided that such use should not be avoided for ecological reasons.
- the sodium salts of orthophosphates, pyrophosphates and in particular tripolyphosphates are particularly suitable.
- Usable organic builders are, for example, the polycarboxylic acids which can be used in the form of their sodium salts, such as citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, tartaric acid, sugar acids, aminocarboxylic acids, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), provided that such use is not objectionable for ecological reasons, and mixtures of these this.
- Preferred salts are the salts of polycarboxylic acids such as citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, tartaric acid, sugar acids and mixtures of these.
- Alkali carriers can be present as further constituents.
- Alkali metal hydroxides, alkali metal carbonates, alkali metal hydrogen carbonates, alkali metal sesquicarbonates, alkali silicates, alkali metal silicates, and mixtures of the aforementioned are considered to be alkali carriers Substances, the alkali carbonates, in particular sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate or sodium sesquicarbonate, being used for the purposes of this invention.
- customary builders which can be present in the context of the production of automatic dishwashing agents according to the invention between 10 and 90% by weight, based on the premix to be treated, are the low molecular weight polycarboxylic acids and their salts, the homopolymeric and copolymeric polycarboxylic acids and their salts, the carbo- nates, phosphates and silicates.
- Trisodium citrate and / or pentasodium tripolyphosphate and / or sodium carbonate and / or sodium bicarbonate and / or gluconates and / or silicate builders from the class of disilicate and / or metasilicate are preferably used for the production of molded articles for machine dishwashing.
- a builder system containing a mixture of tripolyphosphate and sodium carbonate is particularly preferred.
- a builder system which contains a mixture of tripolyphosphate and sodium carbonate and sodium disilicate is also particularly preferred.
- the particulate premix builder pressed in step a) usually contains from 20 to 80% by weight, preferably from 25 to 75% by weight and in particular from 30 to 70% by weight, based in each case on the premix.
- the premix can also contain the above-mentioned detergent substances, which are particularly important ingredients for detergent tablets.
- the molded body to be produced different answers are possible when answering the questions as to whether and if so which surfactants are used.
- Moldings for washing textiles can usually contain a wide variety of surfactants from the groups of anionic, nonionic, cationic and amphoteric surfactants, while moldings for automatic dishwashing preferably contain only low-foaming nonionic surfactants and water softening tablets or bleach tablets are free of surfactants.
- the person skilled in the art has no limits with regard to the freedom of formulation when the surfactants are inco ⁇ orated into the premix to be treated.
- Anionic surfactants used are, for example, those of the sulfonate and sulfate type.
- the surfactants of the sulfonate type are preferably C 9.13 - alkylbenzenesulfonates, olefin sulfonates, ie mixtures of alkene and hydroxyalkanesulfonates and disulfonates of the type obtained, for example, from C 12 . 18 -monoolefins with terminal or internal double bond by sulfonation with gaseous sulfur trioxide and subsequent alkaline or acidic hydrolysis of the sulfonation products into consideration.
- alkanesulfonates which consist of C I2 .
- esters of ⁇ -sulfofatty acids for example the ⁇ -sulfonated methyl esters of hydrogenated coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids, are also suitable.
- sulfonated fatty acid glycerol esters are sulfonated fatty acid glycerol esters.
- Fatty acid glycerol esters are to be understood as meaning the mono-, di- and triesters and their mixtures as obtained in the production by esterification of a monoglycerol with 1 to 3 moles of fatty acid or in the transesterification of triglycerides with 0.3 to 2 moles of glycerol become.
- Preferred sulfated fatty acid glycerol esters are the sulfate products of saturated fatty acids having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, for example caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, myristic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid or behenic acid.
- the alk (en) yl sulfates are the alkali and especially the sodium salts of the sulfuric acid half esters of C ] 2 -C 18 fatty alcohols, for example from coconut oil alcohol, tallow fatty alcohol, lauryl, myristyl, cetyl or stearyl alcohol or the C 10 -C 20 - Oxo alcohols and those half esters of secondary alcohols of this chain length are preferred. Also preferred are alk (en) yl sulfates of the chain length mentioned which contain a synthetic, straight-chain alkyl radical which is produced on a petrochemical basis and which have an analogous have construction behavior like the adequate compounds based on oleochemical raw materials.
- the C 12 -C 16 alkyl sulfates and C 12 -C 15 alkyl sulfates and C 14 -C 15 alkyl sulfates are preferred from the point of view of washing technology.
- 2,3-alkyl sulfates which are produced for example in accordance with US Patent No. 3,234,258 or 5,075,041 and can be obtained as commercial products from Shell Oil Company under the name DAN ®, are suitable anionic surfactants.
- 21 alcohols such as 2-methyl-branched C 9 . ⁇ alcohols containing on average 3.5 mol ethylene oxide (EO) or C 12 _ 18 fatty alcohols with 1 to 4 EO, are also suitable. Because of their high foaming behavior, they are used in cleaning agents only in relatively small amounts, for example in amounts of 1 to 5% by weight.
- Suitable anionic surfactants are also the salts of alkylsulfosuccinic acid, which are also referred to as sulfosuccinates or as sulfosuccinic acid esters and which are monoesters and / or diesters of sulfosuccinic acid with alcohols, preferably fatty alcohols and especially ethoxylated fatty alcohols.
- alcohols preferably fatty alcohols and especially ethoxylated fatty alcohols.
- Preferred sulfosuccinates contain C 8.18 fatty alcohol residues or mixtures thereof.
- Particularly preferred sulfosuccinates contain a fatty alcohol residue which is derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols, which in themselves are nonionic surfactants (description see below).
- alk (en) ylsuccinic acid with preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alk (en) yl chain or salts thereof.
- Soaps are particularly suitable as further anionic surfactants.
- Saturated fatty acid soaps are suitable, such as the salts of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, hydrogenated erucic acid and behenic acid, and in particular soap mixtures derived from natural fatty acids, for example coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids.
- the anionic surfactants, including the soaps can be in the form of their sodium, potassium or ammonium salts and also as soluble salts of organic bases, such as mono-, di- or tri-ethanolamine.
- the anionic surfactants are preferably in the form of their sodium or potassium salts, in particular in the form of the sodium salts.
- detergent tablets which contains 5 to 50% by weight, preferably 7.5 to 40% by weight and in particular 10 to 20% by weight of anionic surfactant (s), based in each case on the Molded body weight, included.
- anionic surfactant s
- the preferred anionic surfactants are the alkylbenzenesulfonates and fatty alcohol sulfates, with preferred detergent tablets 2 to 20% by weight, preferably 2.5 to 15% by weight and in particular 5 to 10% by weight of fatty alcohol sulfate (s), based in each case on the Molded body weight, included
- the nonionic surfactants used are preferably alkoxylated, advantageously ethoxylated, in particular primary alcohols having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms and an average of 1 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) per mole of alcohol, in which the alcohol radical has a linear or preferably 2-methyl branching may be or may contain linear and methyl-branched radicals in the mixture, as are usually present in oxo alcohol radicals.
- EO ethylene oxide
- alcohol ethoxylates with linear residues of alcohols of native origin with 12 to 18 carbon atoms, for example from coconut, palm, tallow fat or oleyl alcohol, and an average of 2 to 8 EO per mole of alcohol are particularly preferred.
- the preferred ethoxylated alcohols include, for example, C 12 . 14 alcohols with 3 EO or 4 EO, C 9 . n -alcohol with 7 EO, C 13. , 5 -alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO, 7 EO or 8 EO, C 12. , g - alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO or 7 EO and mixtures of these, such as mixtures out .
- the degrees of ethoxylation given represent statistical mean values, which are a whole for a special product or can be a fractional number.
- Preferred alcohol ethoxylates have a narrow homolog distribution (narrow range ethoxylates, NRE).
- fatty alcohols with more than 12 EO can also be used. Examples of this are tallow fatty alcohol with 14 EO, 25 EO, 30 EO or 40 EO.
- nonionic surfactants which are used either as the sole nonionic surfactant or in combination with other nonionic surfactants, are alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or ethoxylated and propoxylated fatty acid alkyl esters, preferably with 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, in particular Fatty acid methyl esters as described, for example, in Japanese patent application JP 58/217598 or which are preferably prepared by the process described in international patent application WO-A-90/13533.
- alkyl polyglycosides Another class of nonionic surfactants that can be used advantageously are the alkyl polyglycosides (APG).
- Alkypolyglycosides that can be used satisfy the general formula RO (G) z , in which R is a linear or branched, in particular methyl-branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic radical having 8 to 22, preferably 12 to 18, carbon atoms and G is the Is a symbol which stands for a glycose unit with 5 or 6 carbon atoms, preferably for glucose.
- the degree of glycosidation z is between 1.0 and 4.0, preferably between 1.0 and 2.0 and in particular between 1.1 and 1.4.
- Linear alkyl polyglucosides ie alkyl polyglycosides, in which the polyglycosyl radical is a glucose radical and the alkyl radical is an n-alkyl radical are preferably used.
- the detergent tablets according to the invention can preferably contain alkyl polyglycosides, with APG contents in the tablet of more than 0.2% by weight, based on the total tablet, being preferred.
- Particularly preferred detergent tablets contain APG in amounts of 0.2 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.2 to 5% by weight and in particular 0.5 to 3% by weight.
- Nonionic surfactants of the amine oxide type for example N-coconut alkyl-N, N-dimethylamine oxide and N-tallow alkyl-N, N-dihydroxyethylamine oxide, and the fatty acid alkanolamides can also be suitable.
- the amount of these nonionic surfactants is preferably not more than that of the ethoxylated fatty alcohols, in particular not more than half of them.
- Suitable surfactants are polyhydroxy fatty acid amides of the formula (I),
- RCO stands for an aliphatic acyl radical with 6 to 22 carbon atoms
- R ⁇ for hydrogen, an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- [Z] for a linear or branched polyhydroxyalkyl radical with 3 to 10 carbon atoms and 3 to 10 hydroxyl groups.
- the polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are known substances which can usually be obtained by reductive amination of a reducing sugar with ammonia, an alkylamine or an alkanolamine and subsequent acylation with a fatty acid, a fatty acid alkyl ester or a fatty acid chloride.
- the group of polyhydroxy fatty acid amides also includes compounds of the formula (II)
- R represents a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical having 7 to 12 carbon atoms
- R ' represents a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical having 2 to 8 carbon atoms
- R 2 is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical or an oxyalkyl radical with 1 to 8 carbon atoms, C M - alkyl or phenyl radicals being preferred and [Z] for a linear poly - hydroxyalkyl radical, the alkyl chain of which is substituted by at least two hydroxyl groups, or alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or propylated, derivatives of this radical.
- [Z] is preferably obtained by reductive amination of a reduced sugar, for example glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose or xylose.
- a reduced sugar for example glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose or xylose.
- the N-alkoxy- or N-aryloxy-substituted compounds can then, for example according to the teaching of international application WO-A-95/07331, be converted into the desired polyhydroxy fatty acid amides by reaction with fatty acid methyl esters in the presence of an alkoxide as catalyst.
- all surfactants can also be used as surfactants in the production of molded articles for automatic dishwashing.
- the nonionic surfactants described above, and above all the low-foaming nonionic surfactants are preferred for this purpose.
- the alkoxylated alcohols are particularly preferred, especially the ethoxylated and / or propoxylated alcohols.
- alkoxylated alcohols to mean the reaction products of alkylene oxide, preferably ethylene oxide, with alcohols, preferably in the sense of the present invention the longer-chain alcohols (C 10 to C 18 , preferably between C 12 and C 16 , such as C n -, C 12 -, C 13 -, C 14 -, C 15 - C 16 -, C 17 - and C 18 -alcohols).
- C 10 to C 18 preferably between C 12 and C 16 , such as C n -, C 12 -, C 13 -, C 14 -, C 15 - C 16 -, C 17 - and C 18 -alcohols.
- a complex mixture of addition products of different degrees of ethoxylation is formed from n moles of ethylene oxide and one mole of alcohol, depending on the reaction conditions.
- a further embodiment consists in using mixtures of the alkylene oxides, preferably the mixture of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide.
- final etherification with short-chain alkyl groups can also give the class of "closed" alcohol ethoxylates, which can also be used in the context of the invention.
- very particularly preferred in For the purposes of the present invention highly ethoxylated fatty alcohols or their mixtures with end-capped fatty alcohol ethoxylates are.
- preferred process variants are those in which the particulate premix, surfactant (s), preferably nonionic surfactant (s), which is pressed in step a), in amounts of 0.5 to 10% by weight, preferably from 0.75 to 7.5% by weight and in particular from 1.0 to 5% by weight, based in each case on the premix.
- the premix to be ve ⁇ ress can further usual ingredients of detergents and cleaning agents, in particular from the groups of disintegration aids, bleaching agents, bleach activators, enzymes, fragrances, perfume carriers, fluorescent agents, dyes, foam inhibitors, Contain silicone oils, anti-redeposition agents, optical brighteners, graying inhibitors, color transfer inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors, etc.
- these substances which, like the builders and surfactants mentioned above, can also be processed via process step b), are described below.
- tablet disintegrants In order to facilitate the disintegration of highly compressed moldings, it is possible to incorporate disintegration aids, so-called tablet disintegrants, in order to shorten the disintegration times.
- tablet disintegrants or accelerators of decay are understood as auxiliary substances which are necessary for rapid disintegration of tablets in water or gastric juice and ensure the release of the pharmaceuticals in absorbable form.
- Swelling disintegration aids are, for example, synthetic polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) or natural polymers or modified natural products such as cellulose and starch and their derivatives, alginates or casein derivatives.
- PVP polyvinylpyrrolidone
- Preferred detergent tablets contain 0.5 to 10% by weight, preferably 3 to 7% by weight and in particular 4 to 6% by weight of one or more disintegration auxiliaries, in each case based on the molded article weight.
- Disintegrants based on cellulose are used as preferred disintegrants in the context of the present invention, so that preferred washing and cleaning agent shaped bodies such a disintegrant based on cellulose in amounts of 0.5 to 10% by weight, preferably 3 to 7% by weight and in particular 4 contain up to 6 wt .-%.
- Pure cellulose has the formal gross composition (C 6 H 10 O 5 ) n and, formally speaking, represents a ß-1,4-polyacetal of cellobiose, which in turn is made up of two molecules of glucose.
- Suitable celluloses consist of approximately 500 to 5000 glucose units and consequently have average molecular weights of 50,000 to 500,000.
- Cellulose-based disintegrants which can be used in the context of the present invention are also cellulose derivatives which can be obtained from cellulose by polymer-analogous reactions.
- Such chemically modified celluloses include, for example, products from esterifications or etherifications in which hydroxyl hydrogen atoms have been substituted.
- celluloses in which the hydroxyl groups have been replaced by functional groups which are not bound via an oxygen atom can also be used as cellulose derivatives.
- the group of cellulose derivatives includes, for example, alkali celluloses, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), cellulose esters and ethers and aminocelluloses.
- the cellulose derivatives mentioned are preferably not used alone as a cellulose-based disintegrant, but are used in a mixture with cellulose.
- the content of cellulose derivatives in these mixtures is preferably below 50% by weight, particularly preferably below 20% by weight, based on the cellulose-based disintegrant. Is particularly preferred as Cellulose-based disintegrant used pure cellulose that is free of cellulose derivatives.
- the cellulose used as disintegration aid is preferably not used in finely divided form, but is converted into a coarser form, for example granulated or compacted, before being added to the premixes to be treated.
- Detergent tablets which contain disintegrants in granular or optionally granulated form, are described in German patent applications DE 197 09 991 (Stefan Herzog) and DE 197 10 254 (Henkel) and in international patent application WO98 / 40463 (Henkel). These documents can also be found in more detail on the production of granulated, compacted or cogranulated cellulose disintegrants.
- the particle sizes of such disintegrants are usually above 200 ⁇ m, preferably at least 90% by weight between 300 and 1600 ⁇ m and in particular at least 90% by weight between 400 and 1200 ⁇ m.
- the above and described in more detail in the documents cited coarser disintegration aids, are preferred as disintegration aids and are commercially available, for example under the name of Arbocel ® TF-30-HG from Rettenmaier available in the present invention.
- Microcrystalline cellulose can be used as a further cellulose-based disintegrant or as a component of this component.
- This microcrystalline cellulose is obtained by partial hydrolysis of celluloses under conditions which only attack and completely dissolve the amorphous areas (approx. 30% of the total cellulose mass) of the celluloses, but leave the crystalline areas (approx. 70%) undamaged.
- a subsequent disaggregation of the microfine celluloses resulting from the hydrolysis provides the microcrystalline celluloses, which have primary particle sizes of approximately 5 ⁇ m and can be compacted, for example, to granules with an average particle size of 200 ⁇ m.
- bleaching agents that serve as bleaching agents and supply H 2 O 2 in water
- sodium perborate tetrahydrate and sodium perborate monohydrate are of particular importance.
- Further bleaching agents that can be used are, for example, sodium percarbonate, peroxypyrophosphates, citrate perhydrates and H 2 O 2 -producing peracid salts or peracids, such as perbenzoates, peroxophthalates, diperazelaic acid, phthaloiminoperacid or diperdodecanedioic acid.
- Even when using the bleaching agents it is possible to dispense with the use of surfactants and / or builders, so that pure bleach tablets can be produced.
- bleaching agents from the group of organic bleaching agents can also be used.
- Typical organic bleaching agents are the diacyl peroxides, such as dibenzoyl peroxide.
- Other typical organic bleaching agents are peroxy acids, examples of which include alkyl peroxy acids and aryl peroxy acids.
- Preferred representatives are (a) the peroxybenzoic acid and its ring-substituted derivatives, such as alkylperoxybenzoic acids, but also peroxy- ⁇ -naphthoic acid and magnesium monophosphate, (b) the aliphatic or substituted aliphatic peroxyacids, such as peroxylauric acid, peroxystearic acid, ⁇ -phthalimoxyhexoxy acid [ ⁇ -phthalimidoxythoxy acid] ⁇ -phthalimidoxythoxy acid oxaloacetic acid [ ⁇ -phthalimidoxythoxy acid], (PAP)], o-carboxybenzamido-peroxycaproic acid, N-nonenylamidoperadipic acid and N-nonenylamidopersuccinate, and (c) aliphatic and araliphatic peroxydicarboxylic acids, such as 1,12-diperoxycarboxylic acid, 1,9-diperoxyazelaic acid, diperocyseboxya
- Chlorine or bromine-releasing substances can also be used as bleaching agents in molded articles for automatic dishwashing.
- Suitable materials which release chlorine or bromine include, for example, heterocyclic N-bromo- and N-chloramides, for example trichloroisocyanuric acid, tribromoisocyanuric acid,
- Dibromo isocyanuric acid and / or dichloroisocyanuric acid (DICA) and / or their salts with Cations such as potassium and sodium are considered.
- Hydantoin compounds such as 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydanthoin are also suitable.
- bleach activators can be incorporated into the premix to be treated.
- Bleach activators which can be used are compounds which, under perhydrolysis conditions, give aliphatic pe oxocarboxylic acids having preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, in particular 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and / or optionally substituted perbenzoic acid.
- Suitable substances are those which carry O- and / or N-acyl groups of the number of carbon atoms mentioned and / or optionally substituted benzoyl groups.
- TAED tetraacetylethylene
- bleach catalysts can also be incorporated into the moldings.
- These substances are bleach-enhancing transition metal salts or transition metal complexes such as, for example, Mn, Fe, Co, Ru or Mo salt complexes or carbonyl complexes.
- Mn, Fe, Co, Ru, Mo, Ti, V and Cu complexes with N-containing tripod ligands as well as Co, Fe, Cu and Ru amine complexes can also be used as bleaching catalysts.
- Suitable enzymes are those from the class of proteases, lipases, amylases, cellulases or mixtures thereof. Enzymes obtained from bacterial strains or fungi such as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Streptomyces griseus are particularly suitable. Proteases of the subtilisin type and in particular proteases obtained from Bacillus lentus are used.
- Enzyme mixtures for example of protease and amylase or protease and lipase or protease and cellulase or of cellulase and lipase or of protease, amylase and lipase or protease, lipase and cellulase, but in particular mixtures containing cellulase, are of particular interest.
- Peroxidases or oxidases have also proven to be suitable in some cases.
- the enzymes can be adsorbed on carriers and / or embedded in coating substances in order to protect them against premature decomposition.
- the proportion of enzymes, enzyme mixtures or enzyme granules in the shaped bodies according to the invention can be, for example, about 0.1 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.1 to about 2% by weight.
- premix to be used for the production of detergent tablets may also contain components which have a positive influence on the washability of oil and fat from textiles (so-called soil repellents). This effect becomes particularly clear when a textile is soiled that has already been washed several times beforehand with a detergent according to the invention which contains this oil and fat-dissolving component.
- the preferred oil and fat-dissolving components include, for example, nonionic cellulose ethers such as methyl cellulose and methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose with a proportion of methoxyl groups of 15 to 30% by weight and of hydroxypropoxyl groups of 1 to 15% by weight, in each case based on the nonionic Cellulose ethers, as well as the polymers of phthalic acid and / or terephthalic acid or their derivatives known from the prior art, in particular polymers of ethylene terephthalates and / or polyethylene glycol terephthalates or anionically and / or nonionically modified derivatives thereof. Of these, the sulfonated derivatives of phthalic acid and terephthalic acid polymers are particularly preferred.
- the premix to be ve ⁇ resses may contain, as optical brighteners, derivatives of diaminostilbenedisulfonic acid or its alkali metal salts. Suitable are, for example, salts of 4,4'-bis (2-anilino-4-mo ⁇ holino-l, 3,5-triazinyl-6-amino) stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid or compounds of the same structure which instead of the Mo ⁇ holino- Group a diethanolamino group, a methyl wear amino group, an anilino group or a 2-methoxyethylamino group.
- Brighteners of the substituted diphenylstyryl type may also be present, for example the alkali salts of 4,4'-bis (2-sulfostyryl) diphenyl, 4,4'-bis (4-chloro-3-sulfostyryl) diphenyl, or 4- (4-chlorostyryl) -4 '- (2-sulfostyryl) diphenyl. Mixtures of the aforementioned brighteners can also be used.
- Dyes and fragrances can be added to the premix in the process according to the invention in order to improve the aesthetic impression of the resulting products and, in addition to the softness, to provide the consumer with a visually and sensorially "typical and unmistakable" product.
- perfume oils or fragrances individual fragrance compounds, e.g. the synthetic products of the ester, ether, aldehyde, ketone, alcohol and hydrocarbon type are used. Fragrance compounds of the ester type are e.g.
- the ethers include, for example, benzyl ethyl ether, the aldehydes e.g.
- the linear alkanals with 8-18 C atoms citral, citronellal, citronellyloxyacetaldehyde, cyclamenaldehyde, hydroxycitronellal, lilial and bourgeonal, to the ketones e.g. the Jonone, cc-Isomethylionon and Methylcedrylketon, to the alcohols Anethol, Citronellol, Eugenol, Geraniol, Linalool, Phenylethylalkohol and Terpineol, to the hydrocarbons belong mainly the Te ⁇ ene like Limonen and Pinen. However, preference is given to using mixtures of different fragrances which together produce an appealing fragrance.
- perfume oils can also contain natural fragrance mixtures as are available from plant sources, e.g. Pine, citrus, jasmine, patchouly, rose or ylang-ylang oil. Also suitable are muscatel, sage oil, chamomile oil, clove oil, lemon balm oil, mint oil, cinnamon leaf oil, linden blossom oil, juniper berry oil, vetiver oil, olibanum oil, galbanum oil and labdanum oil as well as orange blossom oil, neroliol, orange peel oil and sandalwood oil.
- the fragrances can be incorporated directly into the premix, but it can also be advantageous to apply the fragrances to carriers which increase the adhesion of the perfume reinforce the laundry and ensure a long-lasting fragrance of the textiles through a slower fragrance release.
- Cyclodextrins for example, have proven useful as such carrier materials, and the cyclodextrin-perfume complexes can additionally be coated with further auxiliaries.
- the premix (or parts thereof) can be colored with suitable dyes.
- Preferred dyes the selection of which is not difficult for the person skilled in the art, have a high storage stability and insensitivity to the other ingredients of the compositions and to light, and have no pronounced substantivity towards textile fibers or dishes, in order not to stain them.
- the premix to be ve ⁇ ressing to protect the items to be washed or the machine may contain corrosion inhibitors, silver protection agents in particular being of particular importance in the area of machine dishwashing.
- corrosion inhibitors silver protection agents in particular being of particular importance in the area of machine dishwashing.
- the known substances of the prior art can be used.
- silver protection agents selected from the group of the triazoles, the benzotriazoles, the bisbenzotriazoles, the aminotriazoles, the alkylaminotriazoles and the transition metal salts or complexes can be used in particular. Benzotriazole and / or alkylaminotriazole are particularly preferably to be used.
- detergent formulations often contain agents containing active chlorine, which can significantly reduce the corrosion of the silver surface.
- oxygen- and nitrogen-containing organic redox-active compounds such as di- and trihydric phenols, e.g. B. hydroquinone, pyrocatechol, hydroxyhydroquinone, gallic acid, phloroglucinol, pyrogallol or derivatives of these classes of compounds.
- Salt-like and complex-like inorganic compounds such as salts of the metals Mn, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Co and Ce, are also frequently used.
- transition metal salts which are selected from the group of the manganese and / or cobalt salts and / or complexes, particularly preferably the cobalt (ammine) complexes, the cobalt (acetate) complexes, the cobalt (carbonyl) - Complexes, chlorides of cobalt or manganese and manganese sulfate.
- Zinc compounds can also be used to prevent corrosion on the wash ware.
- the premix can be composed of a wide variety of substances. Regardless of the composition of the premixes to be processed in process step a), physical parameters of the premixes can be selected such that advantageous molded-body properties result.
- the particulate premixes pressed in step a) have bulk densities above 600 g / 1, preferably above 700 g / 1 and in particular above 800 g / 1.
- the particulate premix pressed in step a) has a particle size distribution in which less than 10% by weight, preferably less than 7.5% by weight and in particular less than 5% by weight of the particles larger than 1600 ⁇ m or less than 200 ⁇ m. Narrower particle size distributions are further preferred here. Particularly advantageous process variants are characterized in that the particulate premix pressed in step a) has a particle size distribution in which more than 30% by weight, preferably more than 40% by weight and in particular more than 50% by weight of the particles have a particle size between 600 and 1000 ⁇ m.
- process step a) When carrying out process step a), the process according to the invention is not restricted to the fact that only a particulate premix is pressed into a trough-shaped body. Rather, process step a) can also be expanded to the effect that multilayer molded articles are produced in a manner known per se by preparing two or more premixes which are pressed onto one another. In this case, the premix which has been filled in first is lightly pre-pressed in order to obtain a smooth upper surface which runs parallel to the mold body bottom, and after the second premix is filled in the finished mold body is finally pressed. With three or more layers After each addition of the premix, the body is subjected to a further pre-molding before the molded body is finally pressed after the addition of the last premix.
- step a) two-layer molded bodies which have a depression are produced by pressing two different particulate premixes onto one another, one of which contains one or more bleaching agents and the other one or more enzymes.
- the separation of bleaching agents and bleach activators that can be used optionally can be advantageous, so that process variants according to the invention are preferred in which, in step a), two-layer molded articles which have a depression are produced by two different particulate premixes are pressed together, one of which contains one or more bleaching agents and the other one or more bleach activators.
- the premix is compacted in a so-called die between two punches to form a solid compact.
- This process which is briefly referred to as tableting in the following, is divided into four sections: metering, compression (elastic deformation), plastic deformation and ejection.
- the premix is introduced into the die, the filling quantity and thus the weight and the shape of the molded body being formed being determined by the position of the lower punch and the shape of the pressing tool.
- the constant dosing, even at high mold throughputs, is preferably achieved by volumetric dosing of the premix.
- the upper punch touches the premix and lowers further in the direction of the lower punch. at this compression, the particles of the premix are pressed closer together, the void volume within the filling between the punches continuously decreasing. From a certain position of the upper punch (and thus from a certain pressure on the premix), the plastic deformation begins, in which the particles flow together and the molded body is formed.
- the premix particles are also crushed and sintering of the premix occurs at even higher pressures.
- the phase of elastic deformation is shortened further and further, so that the resulting shaped bodies can have more or less large cavities.
- the finished molded body is pressed out of the die by the lower punch and transported away by subsequent transport devices. At this point in time, only the weight of the molded body is finally determined, since the compacts can still change their shape and size due to physical processes (stretching, crystallographic effects, cooling, etc.).
- Tableting takes place in commercially available tablet presses, which can in principle be equipped with single or double punches. In the latter case, not only is the upper stamp used to build up pressure, the lower stamp also moves towards the upper stamp during the pressing process, while the upper stamp presses down.
- eccentric tablet presses are preferably used, in which the punch or stamps are fastened to an eccentric disc, which in turn is mounted on an axis with a certain rotational speed. The movement of these rams is comparable to that of a conventional four-stroke engine.
- the pressing can take place with one upper and one lower punch, but several punches can also be attached to one eccentric disk, the number of die holes being increased accordingly.
- the throughputs of eccentric presses vary depending on the type from a few hundred to a maximum of 3000 tablets per hour.
- rotary tablet presses are selected in which a larger number of dies is arranged in a circle on a so-called die table.
- the number of matrices varies between 6 and 55 depending on the model, with larger matrices also are commercially available.
- Each die on the die table is assigned an upper and lower punch, and again the pressure can be built up actively only by the upper or lower punch, but also by both stamps.
- the die table and the stamps move about a common vertical axis, the stamps being brought into the positions for filling, compression, plastic deformation and ejection by means of rail-like curved tracks during the rotation.
- these cam tracks are supported by additional low-pressure pieces, low-tension rails and lifting tracks.
- the die is filled via a rigidly arranged feed device, the so-called filling shoe, which is connected to a storage container for the premix.
- the pressing pressure on the premix can be individually adjusted via the pressing paths for the upper and lower punches, the pressure being built up by rolling the punch shaft heads past adjustable pressure rollers.
- Rotary presses can also be provided with two filling shoes to increase the throughput, with only a semicircle having to be run through to produce a tablet.
- several filling shoes are arranged one behind the other without the slightly pressed first layer being expelled before further filling.
- jacket and dot tablets can also be produced in this way, which have an onion-shell-like structure, the top side of the core or the core layers not being covered in the case of the dot tablets and thus remaining visible.
- Rotary tablet presses can also be equipped with single or multiple tools, so that, for example, an outer circle with 50 and an inner circle with 35 holes can be used simultaneously for pressing.
- the throughputs of modern rotary tablet presses are over one million molded articles per hour.
- tabletting machines suitable for carrying out process step a) are available, for example, from the companies Apparatebau Holzwarth GbR, Asperg, Wilhelm Fette GmbH, Schwarzenbek, Hofer GmbH, Weil, KILIAN, Cologne, KOMAGE, Kell am See, KORSCH Pressen GmbH, Berlin, Mapag Maschinenbau AG, Bern (CH) and Courtoy NV, Halle (BE / LU).
- the hydraulic double pressure press HPF 630 from LAEIS, D. is particularly suitable.
- the molded body can be manufactured in a predetermined spatial shape and a predetermined size. Practically all practical configurations can be considered as the spatial shape, for example, the design as a board, the bar or bar shape, cubes, cuboids and corresponding spatial elements with flat side surfaces, and in particular cylindrical configurations with a circular or oval cross section. This last embodiment covers the presentation form from the tablet to compact cylinder pieces with a ratio of height to diameter above 1.
- the spatial shape of another embodiment of the molded body is adapted in its dimensions to the induction chamber of commercially available household washing machines or the dosing chamber of commercially available dishwashers, so that the molded body can be dosed directly into the induction bowl without a dosing aid, where it dissolves during the induction process or from where they are released during the cleaning process.
- the detergent tablets can also be used without problems using dosing aids.
- the molded bodies which are produced in step a) have a trough which is filled in step c) with the melt suspension or emulsion produced in step b).
- This trough can have a wide variety of geometric configurations, the geometry of the trough being independent of the geometry of the molded body.
- round shaped bodies with round, elliptical, three, four, five or polygonal troughs are conceivable.
- the trough shapes mentioned can also be realized in the case of rectangular or square shaped bodies, it being possible for the corners of the shaped bodies to be rounded.
- the side walls of the trough can also run differently - all transitional forms from the vertical side wall to flat lines or curved trough walls are conceivable. Particularly suitable trough geometries are described in the earlier German patent application 198 22 973.9 (Henkel). The geometric factors disclosed in this document preferably also apply to the mold bodies produced in step a) of the method according to the invention.
- the breaking strength of cylindrical shaped bodies can be determined via the measured variable of the diametrical breaking load. This can be determined according to
- ⁇ stands for diametral fracture stress (DFS) in Pa
- P is the force in N that leads to the pressure exerted on the molded body, which causes the molded body to break
- D is the molded body diameter in meters and t the height of the molded body.
- a melt suspension or emulsion is produced from a coating substance which has a melting point above 30 ° C. and one or more active substance (s) dispersed or suspended in it.
- active substance s
- all ingredients normally used in detergents and cleaning agents are suitable as active ingredient (s), in particular the ingredients already mentioned above and described in detail as optional ingredients of the premix to be treated. Particularly preferred active ingredients are again described separately below.
- Envelope substances :
- the coating substances which form the "basis" of the melt suspension or emulsion produced in step b), which on the one hand relate to the melting or solidification behavior, but on the other hand also the material properties of the coating in the solidified area at ambient temperature .
- the covering Since the covering is intended to permanently protect the active substances contained therein against environmental influences during transport or storage, it must have a high stability with respect to shock loads occurring, for example, during packaging or transport. The covering should therefore either have at least partially elastic or at least plastic properties, in order to react to an occurring shock load due to elastic or plastic deformation and not to break.
- the coating should have a melting range (solidification range) in such a temperature range in which the active substances to be coated are not exposed to excessive thermal stress. On the other hand, however, the melting range must be sufficiently high to still provide effective protection for the enclosed active substances at at least a slightly elevated temperature.
- the coating substances have a melting point above 30 ° C.
- the coating substance does not have a sharply defined melting point, as usually occurs with pure, crystalline substances, but instead has a melting range that may include several degrees Celsius.
- the coating substance preferably has a melting range which is between approximately 45 ° C. and approximately 75 ° C. In the present case, this means that the melting range occurs within the specified temperature interval and does not indicate the width of the melting range.
- the width of the melting range is preferably at least 1 ° C., preferably about 2 to about 3 ° C.
- waxes are understood to mean a number of natural or artificially obtained substances that usually melt above 40 ° C without decomposition and a little above that Melting point are relatively low viscosity and not stringy. They have a strongly temperature-dependent consistency and solubility.
- the waxes are divided into three groups according to their origin, natural waxes, chemically modified waxes and synthetic waxes.
- Natural waxes include, for example, vegetable waxes such as candelilla wax, carnauba wax, japan wax, esparto grass wax, cork wax, guaruma wax, rice germ oil wax, sugar cane wax, ouricury wax, or montan wax, animal waxes such as beeswax, shellac wax, walnut, lanolin (wool wax), or broom wax, mineral wax or ozokerite (earth wax), or petrochemical waxes such as petrolatum, paraffin waxes or micro waxes.
- vegetable waxes such as candelilla wax, carnauba wax, japan wax, esparto grass wax, cork wax, guaruma wax, rice germ oil wax, sugar cane wax, ouricury wax, or montan wax
- animal waxes such as beeswax, shellac wax, walnut, lanolin (wool wax), or broom wax, mineral wax or ozokerite (earth wax), or
- the chemically modified waxes include hard waxes such as montan ester waxes, Sassol waxes or hydrogenated jojoba waxes.
- Synthetic waxes are generally understood to mean polyalkylene waxes or polyalkylene glycol waxes. Compounds from other classes of material which meet the stated requirements with regard to the softening point can also be used as covering materials.
- suitable synthetic compounds have, for example, higher esters of phthalic acid, in particular dicyclohexyl, which is commercially available under the name Unimoll 66 ® (Bayer AG), proved.
- suitable Synthetic waxes of lower carboxylic acids and fatty alcohols such as dimyristyl tartrate, sold under the name Cosmacol ® ETLP (Condea).
- synthetic or partially synthetic esters from lower alcohols with fatty acids from native sources can also be used.
- Tegin ® 90 (Goldschmidt), a glycerol monostearate palmitate, falls into this class of substances.
- Shellac for example Shellac-KPS-Dreiring-SP (Kalkhoff GmbH)
- wax alcohols are also included in the waxes in the context of the present invention, for example. Wax alcohols are higher molecular weight, water-insoluble fatty alcohols with usually about 22 to 40 carbon atoms. The wax alcohols occur, for example, in the form of wax esters of higher molecular fatty acids (wax acids) as the main component of many natural waxes.
- wax alcohols are lignoceryl alcohol (1-tetracosanol), cetyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol or melissyl alcohol.
- the coating of the present invention the solid particles coated can optionally also contain wool wax alcohols which are understood to Trite ⁇ enoid- and steroid alcohols, for example lanolin understood, which is obtainable for example under the trade name Argowax ® (Pamentier & Co).
- wool wax alcohols which are understood to Trite ⁇ enoid- and steroid alcohols, for example lanolin understood, which is obtainable for example under the trade name Argowax ® (Pamentier & Co).
- fatty acid glycerol esters or fatty acid alkanolamides can also be used, at least in part, as a constituent of the casing, but optionally also water-insoluble or only slightly water-soluble polyalkylene glycol compounds.
- the coating substance used in process step b) according to the invention preferably contains a predominant amount of paraffin wax. This means that at least 50% by weight of the coating, preferably more, consists of paraffin wax. Paraffin wax contents in the coating of approximately 60% by weight, approximately 70% by weight or approximately 80% by weight are particularly suitable, with even higher proportions of, for example, more than 90% by weight being particularly preferred. In a special embodiment of the invention, the covering consists exclusively of paraffin wax.
- Paraffin waxes have the advantage over the other natural waxes mentioned in the context of the present invention that there is no hydrolysis of the waxes in an alkaline detergent environment (as is to be expected, for example, from the wax esters), since paraffin wax contains no hydrolyzable groups.
- Paraffin waxes consist mainly of alkanes and low levels of iso- and cycloalkanes.
- the paraffin to be used according to the invention preferably has essentially no constituents with a melting point of more than 70 ° C., particularly preferably of more than 60 ° C. Portions of high-melting alkanes in the paraffin can leave undesired wax residues on the surfaces to be cleaned or the goods to be cleaned if the melting temperature in the detergent solution drops below this. Such wax residues usually lead to an unsightly appearance on the cleaned surface and should therefore be avoided.
- the coating substance used in step b) according to the invention preferably contains at least one paraffin wax with a melting point of about 50 ° C. to about 55 ° C.
- the paraffin wax content of alkanes, isoalkanes and cycloalkanes which are solid at ambient temperature is as high as possible.
- the more solid wax components present in a wax at room temperature the more useful it is within the scope of the present invention.
- the proportion of solid wax components increases, the resistance of the coating to impacts or friction on other surfaces increases, which leads to a longer-lasting protection of the coated active substances.
- High proportions of oils or liquid wax components can weaken the coating, opening pores and exposing the coated active substances to the environmental influences mentioned at the beginning.
- the coating can also contain one or more of the above-mentioned waxes or wax-like substances as the main constituent.
- the mixture forming the cover should be such that the cover is at least largely water-insoluble.
- the solubility in water should not exceed about 10 mg / 1 at a temperature of about 30 ° C. and should preferably be below 5 mg / 1.
- the coating should have the lowest possible solubility in water, even in water at an elevated temperature, in order to avoid as far as possible a temperature-independent release of the coated active substances.
- the principle described above serves to delay the release of ingredients (the active substances in the melt suspension or emulsion) at a certain point in the cleaning cycle and can be used particularly advantageously when washing in the main wash cycle at a lower temperature (for example 55 ° C.) that the active substance is only released from the melt embedding in the rinse cycle at higher temperatures (approx. 70 ° C).
- dissolving retarders rather than dissolving accelerators
- preferred dissolution accelerators are readily water-soluble.
- the water solubility of the dissolving accelerators can be increased significantly by certain additives, for example by inco-formation of easily soluble salts or effervescent systems. Such solvent-accelerated coating substances (with or without the addition of other solubility improvers) lead to a rapid release of the enclosed active substances at the beginning of the cleaning cycle.
- the above-mentioned synthetic waxes from the group of polyethylene glycols and polypropylene glycols are particularly suitable as dissolving accelerators, ie coating substances for the accelerated release of the active substances from the core cast into the molded body.
- Polyethylene glycols which can be used according to the invention are polymers of ethylene glycol which have the general formula III
- n can have values between 1 (ethylene glycol) and over 100,000.
- the polyethylene glycols with higher molecular weights are polymolecular, i.e. they consist of collectives of macromolecules with different molecular weights. There are various nomenclatures for polyethylene glycols that can lead to confusion.
- PEG average relative molecular weight
- PEG 200 characterizes a polyethylene glycol with a relative molecular weight of approximately 190 to approximately 210.
- PEG 1550, PEG 3000, PEG 4000 and PEG 6000 can preferably be used in the context of the present invention.
- polyethylene glycols are, for example, under the trade name Carbowax ® PEG 540 (Union Carbide), Emkapol ® 6000 (ICI Americas), Lipoxol ® 3000 MED (Huls America), polyglycol ® E-3350 (Dow Chemical), Lutrol ® E4000 (BASF) and the corresponding trade name with higher numbers.
- Polypropylene glycols which can be used according to the invention are polymers of propylene glycol which have the general formula IV
- n values can be between 1 (propylene glycol) and approx. 1000.
- PEG and PPG which can preferably be used as solvent-accelerated coating substances
- other substances can of course also be used, provided that they are sufficiently water-soluble and have a melting point above 30 ° C.
- the melt suspension or emulsion produced in process step b) can contain varying amounts of coating substance, auxiliary substances and active substance to be coated.
- the coating substance makes up 20 to 95% by weight, preferably 30 to 70% by weight and in particular 40 to 50% by weight of the melt suspension or emulsion produced in step b).
- the active ingredients to be incorporated into the melt suspension or emulsion can be in both solid and liquid form at the processing temperature, as long as the melt suspension or emulsion is in solid form below its melting point or solidification range in order to permanently fill the trough.
- the active substances contained in the melt suspension or emulsion perform certain tasks in the detergent tablets according to the invention.
- the washing or cleaning performance can be improved by separating certain substances or by accelerating or delaying the release of additional substances.
- Active substances preferred in the melt suspension or -emulsion are incorporated, are therefore those ingredients of detergents and cleaning agents that are crucially involved in the washing or cleaning process.
- the active substance (s) in the melt suspension or emulsion produced in step b) are therefore selected from the group of enzymes, bleaching agents, bleach activators, surfactants, corrosion inhibitors, scale inhibitors, co-builders and / or fragrances.
- a melt suspension or emulsion can be produced, which provides additional detergent active substance at a predetermined time in the finished detergent molded article.
- the process according to the invention can be used to produce articles for machine dishwashing which only release the additional surfactant at temperatures which standard dishwashers only reach in the final rinse cycle. In this way, additional surfactant is available in the rinse cycle, which accelerates the drainage of the water and thus effectively prevents stains on the wash ware.
- additional rinse aid customary today can be dispensed with. Instead of the separate metering and dimensioning of two products, only a problem-free addition of a molded body is required, which saves time, effort and costs.
- the active substance (s) in the melt suspension or emulsion produced in step b) is / are selected from the group of the nonionic surfactants, in particular the alkoxylated alcohols. These substances have been described in detail above.
- bleaches Another class of active substances that can be incorporated into the melt suspension or emulsion with particular advantage are bleaches.
- detergent tablets can be produced which only release the bleach when certain temperatures are reached, for example detergent tablets which are in the Clean the pre-rinse enzymatically and only release the bleach in the main rinse.
- Detergent tablets for automatic dishwashing can also be produced in this way, which release additional bleach in the rinse cycle and thus more effectively remove difficult stains, for example tea stains.
- the active substance (s) in the melt suspension or emulsion prepared in step b) are selected from the group of oxygen or halogen bleaches, in particular chlorine bleaches. These substances are also described in detail above.
- bleach activators Another class of compounds which can preferably be used as active substances in the melt suspension or emulsion are the bleach activators.
- Known bleach activators are compounds that contain one or more N or O acyl groups, such as substances from the class of anhydrides, esters, imides and acylated imidazoles or oximes.
- Examples are tetraacetylethylenediamine TAED, tetraacetylmethylene diamine TAMD and tetraacetylhexylenediamine TAHD, but also pentaacetylglucose PAG, l, 5-diacetyl-2,2-dioxo-hexahydro-l, 3,5-triazine DADHT and isatoic acid anhydride ISA.
- aliphatic peroxocarboxylic acids with preferably 1 to 10 C atoms, in particular 2 to 4 C atoms, and / or optionally substituted perbenzoic acid can be used as bleach activators.
- Suitable substances are those which carry O- and / or N-acyl groups of the number of carbon atoms mentioned and / or optionally substituted benzoyl groups.
- bleach catalysts can also be incorporated into the moldings.
- These substances are bleach-enhancing transition metal salts or transition metal complexes such as, for example, Mn, Fe, Co, Ru or Mo salt complexes or carbonyl complexes.
- Mn, Fe, Co, Ru, Mo, Ti, V and Cu complexes with N-containing tripod ligands as well as Co, Fe, Cu and Ru amine complexes can also be used as bleaching catalysts.
- Bleach activators from the group of multiply acylated alkylenediamines in particular tetraacetylethylene diamine (TAED), N-acylimides, in particular N-nonanoylsuccinimide (NOSI), acylated phenolsulfonates, in particular n-nonanoyl- or isononanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (N-) or iso-NOBs iso , n-Methyl-Mo ⁇ holinium-Acetonitril-Methylsulfat (MMA), preferably in amounts up to 10 wt .-%, in particular 0.1 wt .-% to 8 wt .-%, particularly 2 to 8 wt .-% and particularly preferred 2 to 6 wt .-% based on the total agent used.
- TAED tetraacetylethylene diamine
- NOSI N-nonanoylsuccinimide
- Bleach-enhancing transition metal complexes in particular with the central atoms Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Mo, V, Ti and / or Ru, preferably selected from the group consisting of manganese and / or cobalt salts and / or complexes, particularly preferably cobalt (ammin) - Complexes, the cobalt (acetate) complexes, the cobalt (carbonyl) complexes, the chlorides of cobalt or manganese, of manganese sulfate are used in conventional amounts, preferably in an amount of up to 5% by weight, in particular 0.0025% by weight. % to 1% by weight and particularly preferably from 0.01% by weight to 0.25% by weight, in each case based on the total composition.
- Fragrances can also be incorporated into the melt suspension or emulsion as active substances. All fragrances described in detail above can be used as an active substance.
- the incorporation of fragrances into the melt suspension or emulsion results in detergent tablets which release all or part of the perfume with a time delay.
- molded articles for machine dishwashing for example, can be produced by the method according to the invention, in which the consumer experiences the perfume note even after the dishes have been cleaned when the machine is opened. In this way, the undesirable "alkali smell" that is inherent in many automatic dishwashing detergents can be eliminated.
- Corrosion inhibitors can also be incorporated as active substances in the molded articles produced by the process according to the invention, it being possible to use the substances familiar to the person skilled in the art.
- a combination of an enzyme (e.g. lipase) and lime soap dispersant has proven itself as a coating inhibitor.
- the active substance (s) usually make up 5 to 50% by weight, preferably 10 to 45% by weight and in particular 20 to 40% by weight, of those in step b ) prepared melt suspension or emulsion.
- additives can optionally be added to the coating. Suitable additives must be able to be mixed completely with the molten wax, must not significantly change the melting range of the coating substances, must improve the elasticity of the coating at low temperatures, must not generally increase the permeability of the coating to water or moisture and must not increase the viscosity of the melt Do not increase the wrapping material to such an extent that processing becomes difficult or even impossible. Suitable additives that reduce the brittleness of a coating consisting essentially of paraffin at low temperatures. reduce temperatures, for example EVA copolymers, hydrogenated resin acid methyl ester, polyethylene or copolymers of ethyl acrylate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate.
- Another useful additive when using paraffin as a coating is the addition of a small amount of a surfactant, for example a C 12 . 18 fatty alcohol sulfate. This addition results in a better wetting of the material to be embedded through the covering. It is advantageous to add the additive in an amount of about ⁇ 5% by weight, preferably ⁇ about 2% by weight, based on the coating substance.
- a surfactant for example a C 12 . 18 fatty alcohol sulfate.
- active substances can also be encased which, without the addition of an additive, generally form a tough, plastic body made from paraffin and partially dissolved active substance after the encapsulation material has melted.
- process step b) it may be advantageous to add further additives to the coating substance, for example in order to prevent the active substances to be coated from settling prematurely during cooling.
- the anti-settling agents that can be used for this purpose which are also referred to as floating agents, are known from the prior art, for example from the manufacture of lacquers and printing inks.
- silicone oils dimethylpolysiloxanes, methylphenylpolysiloxanes, polyether-modified methylalkylpolysiloxanes
- oligomeric titanates and silanes polyamines, salts from long-chain polyamines and polycarboxylic acids, amine / Amide-functional polyesters or amine-functional polyacrylates.
- Additives from the substance classes mentioned are commercially available in a wide variety. Commercial products that are advantageous in the context of the method according to the invention can be added as an additive, for example, Aerosil ® 200 (pyrogenic silicic acid, Degussa), Bentone ® SD-1, SD-2, 34, 52 and 57 (bentonite, Rheox) Bentone ® SD-3, 27 and 38 (hectorite , Rheox), Tixogel ® EZ 100 or VP-A (organically modified smectite, Südchemie), Tixogel ® VG, VP and VZ (montmorillonite loaded with QAV, Südchemie), Disperbyk ® 161 (block copolymer, Byk-Chemie), Borchigen ® ND (sulfo group-free ion exchanger, Borchers), Ser-Ad ® FA 601 (Servo), Solsperse ® (aromatic ethoxylate, ICI), Surfyno
- auxiliaries mentioned can be used in varying amounts in the process according to the invention, depending on the wrapping material and the material to be wrapped.
- Usual use concentrations for the abovementioned anti-settling, anti-floating, thioxotropic and dispersing agents are in the range from 0.5 to 8.0% by weight, preferably between 1.0 and 5.0% by weight, and particularly preferably between 1.5 and 3.0 wt .-%, each based on the melt suspension or emulsion.
- the melt suspension or emulsion produced in step b) comprises further auxiliaries from the group of anti-settling agents, floating agents, anti-floating agents, thixotropic agents and dispersing agents in amounts of 0.5 to 8.0% by weight. %, preferably between 1.0 and 5.0% by weight, and particularly preferably between 1.5 and 3.0% by weight, in each case based on the melt suspension or emulsion.
- emulsifiers are particularly advantageous in the production of melt suspensions or emulsions which contain active substances which are liquid at the processing temperature. It has been shown that in particular emulsifiers from the Group of fatty alcohols, fatty acids, polyglycerol esters and polyoxyalkylene siloxanes are extremely suitable.
- Fatty alcohols are understood to mean the alcohols with 6 to 22 carbon atoms obtainable from native fats or oils via the corresponding fatty acids (see below). Depending on the origin of the fat or oil from which they are obtained, these alcohols can be substituted in the alkyl chain or partially unsaturated.
- C 6 is therefore preferred as emulsifier in process step b) according to the invention as emulsifier (s).
- 22 fatty alcohols, C 8 _ 22 preferably fatty alcohols and especially C 12-18 - fatty alcohols, with particular preference for the C 16 _ 18 fatty alcohols, are used.
- fatty acids obtained from vegetable or animal oils and fats can also be used as emulsifiers.
- the fatty acids can be saturated or mono- to polyunsaturated regardless of their physical state. In the case of unsaturated fatty acids too, the species which are solid at room temperature are preferred over the liquid or pasty ones.
- pure fatty acids can be used, but also the technical fatty acid mixtures obtained from the cleavage of fats and oils, these mixtures again being clearly preferred from an economic point of view.
- individual species or mixtures of the following acids can be used as emulsifiers in the context of the present invention: caprylic acid, pelargonic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, octadecan-12-ol-acid, arachic acid, behenic acid, lignoceric acid, cerotic acid , Melissic acid, 10-undecenoic acid, petroselinic acid, petroselaidic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, ricinoleic acid, linolaidic acid, ⁇ - and ß-eläosterainic acid, gadoleic acid, erucic acid, brassidic acid.
- fatty acids with an odd number of carbon atoms for example undecanoic acid, tridecanoic acid, pentadecanoic acid, heptadecanoic acid, nonadecanoic acid, heneicosanoic acid, tricosanoic acid, pentacosanoic acid, heptacosanoic acid.
- Particularly preferred emulsifiers in the context of the present invention are polyglycerol esters, in particular esters of fatty acids with polyglycerols. These preferred polyglycerol esters can be described by the general formula V.
- R 1 in each glycerol unit is independently H or a fatty acyl radical having 8 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably having 12 to 18 carbon atoms, and n is a number between 2 and 15, preferably between 3 and 10.
- This standard cosmetic work contains, for example, information on the keywords POLYGLYCERYL-3-BEESWAX, POLYGLYCERYL-3-CETYL ETHER, POLYGLYCERYL-4-COCOATE, POLYGLYCERYL-10-DECALINOLEATE, POLY- GLYCERYL-10-DECAOLETELARY POLYGLYTE GLYCERYL-2-DIISOSTEARATE, POLYGLYCERYL-3-DIISOSTEARATE, POLY- GLYCERYL-10-DIISOSTEARATE, POLYGLYCERYL-2-DIOLEATE, POLY- GLYCERYL-3-DIOLEATE, POLYGLYCERYL-6-DIOLYATELY POLYGLY DISTEARATE, POLYGLYCERYL-6-
- emulsifiers which can be used in process step b) according to the invention are substituted silicones which carry side chains reacted with ethylene or propylene oxide.
- Such polyoxyalkylene siloxanes can be described by the general formula VI
- R 1 R 1 R 1 in which every remainder R ! independently of one another for -CH 3 or a polyoxyethylene or -propylene group - [CH (R 2 ) -CH 2 -O] x H group, R 2 for -H or -CH 3 , x for a number between 1 and 100 , preferably between 2 and 20 and in particular below 10, and n indicates the degree of polymerization of the silicone.
- the polyoxyalkylenesiloxanes mentioned can also be etherified or esterified on the free OH groups of the polxoxyethylene or polyoxypropylene side chains.
- the unetherified and unesterified polymer made from dimethylsiloxane with polyoxyethylene and / or polyoxypropylene is referred to in the INCI nomenclature as DIMETHICONE COPOLYOL and is known under the trade names Abil ® B (Goldschmidt), Alkasil ® (Rhönen-Poulenc), Silwet ® (Union Carbide) or Belsil ® DMC 6031 commercially available.
- acetic acid DIMETHICONE COPOLYOL ACETATE for example Belsil DMC 6032 ®, -33 and -35, Wacker
- Dimethicone Copolyol Butyl Ether bsp KF352A, Shin Etsu
- emulsifiers that they can be used over a wide range.
- emulsifiers of the type mentioned make up 1 to 25% by weight, preferably 2 to 20% by weight and in particular 5 to 10% by weight of the weight of the melt suspension or emulsion.
- the melt suspension or emulsion produced in step b) additionally contains emulsifiers from the group of fatty alcohols, fatty acids, polyglycerol esters and / or polyoxyalkylene siloxanes in amounts of 1 to 20% by weight, preferably 2 to 15% by weight, and particularly preferably from 2.5 to 10% by weight, based in each case on the melt suspension or emulsion.
- emulsifiers from the group of fatty alcohols, fatty acids, polyglycerol esters and / or polyoxyalkylene siloxanes in amounts of 1 to 20% by weight, preferably 2 to 15% by weight, and particularly preferably from 2.5 to 10% by weight, based in each case on the melt suspension or emulsion.
- process step c) the separately produced mold bodies are filled with the separately produced melt suspension or emulsion at temperatures above the melting temperature of the coating substance.
- the temperature of the melt to be filled in can be chosen to be as high as desired, but with regard to temperature-sensitive ingredients, it is preferred that process step c) is carried out at temperatures which are at most 10 ° C., preferably at most 5 ° C. and in particular at most 2 ° C. above the solidification temperature of the melt suspension or emulsion.
- the metering of the melt suspension or emulsion into the trough of the prefabricated molded body is preferably carried out by means of a piston metering pump, a pneumatic pump, a peristaltic pump or a gear pump.
- the moldings may have been pretreated before the melt is applied to improve the adhesion of the melt in the trough.
- a suitable adhesion promoter to the trough surfaces, which ensures the adhesion of the melt to the molded body, so that the solidified trough filling cannot separate from the molded body during transport and handling of the molded bodies.
- the trough moldings are warmed up before being filled with the melt suspension or emulsion in order to improve the adhesion of the cooling melt.
- the cooling melt can at least partially penetrate into the edge areas of the trough and thus ensures a permanent and firm adhesive bond when it solidifies.
- melt dispersions / emulsions produced in step b) were poured into the mold bodies produced in process step a) in the following weight ratios (data in% by weight, based on the fully filled molded article), the molded articles being heated to 40 ° C. before pouring had been:
- the filled moldings were left to cool at room temperature and then individually packed.
- the mold bodies with bleaching agents have a significantly better cleaning performance, in particular on tea stains, compared to similarly shaped bodies in which the ingredients of the melt dispersion / emulsion were added individually and not in the form of a melt to the premix.
- the trough moldings with surfactant core have significantly better rinse aid performance, which is manifested in a significantly reduced build-up on glasses, compared to moldings with a similar composition, in which the ingredients of the melt dispersion / emulsion were added individually and not in the form of a melt to the premix.
- the mold bodies with a fragrance core have a significantly better perfume note when the machine is opened compared to similarly shaped bodies in which the ingredients of the melt dispersion Z emulsion were added individually and not in the form of a melt to the premix.
- melt dispersions of n-methyl Mo ⁇ holinium acetonitrile methyl sulfate (MMA) in easily soluble coating substances which prove the positive effects even with accelerated release.
- mold bodies were produced in accordance with process step a) described above.
- melt dispersions SDE 4 to 8 were produced, the composition (% by weight, based on the melt) of which is given in the table below:
- MMA n-methyl-Mo ⁇ holinium-acetonitrile-methyl sulfate
- the melt dispersions were introduced into the moldings in the manner mentioned above and allowed to cool.
- the molded articles had a weight of 24 g before filling and were each filled with 1.3 g of the melt dispersion.
- the cleaning performance of the molded bodies E4 to E8 filled with the melt dispersions SDE 4 to SDE 8 was tested on tea soiling. For this purpose, a tea stain was produced in accordance with (1) and the soiled cups were cleaned in a household dishwasher:
- 16 l of cold city water (16 ° d) are briefly heated to boiling in a water treatment boiler.
- 96 g of black tea are drawn in the nylon net with the lid closed for 5 minutes and the tea is transferred to a diving apparatus with heating and agitator.
- 60 teacups are dipped into the prepared tea brew 25 times at one-minute intervals at 70 ° C. The cups are then removed and placed on a tray with the opening facing down to dry.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19831704 | 1998-07-15 | ||
DE19831704 | 1998-07-15 | ||
DE19851426A DE19851426A1 (de) | 1998-07-15 | 1998-11-09 | Verfahren zur Herstellung mehrphasiger Wasch- und Reinigungsmittelformkörper |
DE19851426 | 1998-11-09 | ||
PCT/EP1999/004675 WO2000004122A1 (de) | 1998-07-15 | 1999-07-06 | Verfahren zur herstellung mehrphasiger wasch- und reinigungsmittelformkörper |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1095130A1 true EP1095130A1 (de) | 2001-05-02 |
EP1095130B1 EP1095130B1 (de) | 2002-10-30 |
Family
ID=26047437
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99934578A Expired - Lifetime EP1095130B1 (de) | 1998-07-15 | 1999-07-06 | Verfahren zur herstellung mehrphasiger wasch- und reinigungsmittelformkörper |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6750193B1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1095130B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE226979T1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2188196T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2000004122A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (24)
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---|---|---|---|---|
US6992056B1 (en) | 1997-12-30 | 2006-01-31 | Henkel Kgaa | Process for preparing detergent tablets having two or more regions |
WO2000052127A1 (de) * | 1999-03-03 | 2000-09-08 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien | Verfahren zur herstellung mehrphasiger wasch- und reinigungsmittelformkörper |
DE19914353A1 (de) * | 1999-03-31 | 2000-10-05 | Henkel Kgaa | Wasch- und Reinigungsmittelformkörper mit speziellen Bleichaktivatoren |
DE10120441C2 (de) * | 2001-04-25 | 2003-09-04 | Henkel Kgaa | Waschmittelformkörper mit viskoelastischer Phase |
DE10209156A1 (de) * | 2002-03-01 | 2003-09-18 | Henkel Kgaa | Formkörper mit nachträglicher Tensiddosierung |
DE10209157A1 (de) * | 2002-03-01 | 2003-09-18 | Henkel Kgaa | Parfümierte Reinigungsmittelformkörper |
DE10221559B4 (de) * | 2002-05-15 | 2009-04-30 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Wasch- und Reinigungsmittelformkörper mit Aktivphase |
US20050113271A1 (en) * | 2002-06-06 | 2005-05-26 | Ulrich Pegelow | Automatic dishwashing detergent with improved glass anti-corrosion properties II |
ES2249731T3 (es) * | 2002-06-11 | 2006-04-01 | Unilever N.V. | Pastillas detergentes. |
DE10313458A1 (de) * | 2003-03-25 | 2004-11-18 | Henkel Kgaa | Wasch- oder Reinigungsmittel |
DE10313455A1 (de) * | 2003-03-25 | 2004-10-14 | Henkel Kgaa | Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel |
DE10313457A1 (de) * | 2003-03-25 | 2004-10-14 | Henkel Kgaa | Wasch- oder Reinigungsmittel |
DE10313456A1 (de) * | 2003-03-25 | 2004-10-14 | Henkel Kgaa | Formstabile Reinigungsmittelportion |
DE10352961A1 (de) * | 2003-11-13 | 2005-06-23 | Henkel Kgaa | Stoßbelastungsresistente Tablette |
GB2410031A (en) * | 2003-11-21 | 2005-07-20 | Reckitt Benckiser Inc | Solid treatment blocks containing hydrocarbon solvent |
GB2410496A (en) * | 2004-01-31 | 2005-08-03 | Reckitt Benckiser Nv | Water softening tablets |
EP1642961A1 (de) * | 2004-10-01 | 2006-04-05 | Unilever N.V. | Wasch- und Reinigungsmitteltabletten |
DE102004051006B4 (de) * | 2004-10-20 | 2009-07-02 | Fette Gmbh | Rundlaufpresse |
EP1746151A1 (de) * | 2005-07-20 | 2007-01-24 | Unilever N.V. | Wasch- und Reinigungsmitteltabletten |
DE102008043245A1 (de) * | 2008-10-29 | 2010-05-06 | Evonik Goldschmidt Gmbh | Siliconpolyether-Copolymersysteme sowie Verfahren zu deren Herstellung durch Alkoxylierungsreaktion |
GB0913808D0 (en) | 2009-08-07 | 2009-09-16 | Mcbride Robert Ltd | Dosage form detergent products |
AU2012244292B2 (en) | 2011-11-04 | 2015-03-05 | Bissell Inc. | Enzyme cleaning composition and method of use |
CN102662347B (zh) * | 2012-03-20 | 2014-04-02 | 鲁东大学 | 仿真石蜡铸造炉自动控制系统 |
DE102018221584A1 (de) | 2018-12-13 | 2020-06-18 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Verfahren zur Herstellung mehrphasiger Wasch- oder Reinigungsmittelformkörper |
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DE3413571A1 (de) | 1984-04-11 | 1985-10-24 | Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt | Verwendung von kristallinen schichtfoermigen natriumsilikaten zur wasserenthaertung und verfahren zur wasserenthaertung |
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WO1992009526A1 (de) | 1990-12-01 | 1992-06-11 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien | Verfahren zur hydrothermalen herstellung von kristallinem natriumdisilikat |
YU221490A (sh) | 1989-12-02 | 1993-10-20 | Henkel Kg. | Postupak za hidrotermalnu izradu kristalnog natrijum disilikata |
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US5516448A (en) * | 1994-09-20 | 1996-05-14 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Process for making a high density detergent composition which includes selected recycle streams for improved agglomerate |
DE19616693A1 (de) | 1996-04-26 | 1997-11-06 | Henkel Kgaa | Enolester als Bleichaktivatoren für Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel |
DE19616767A1 (de) | 1996-04-26 | 1997-11-06 | Henkel Kgaa | Bleichaktivatoren für Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel |
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DE19710254A1 (de) | 1997-03-13 | 1998-09-17 | Henkel Kgaa | Wasch- oder reinigungsaktive Formkörper für den Gebrauch im Haushalt |
CA2296354C (en) * | 1997-11-10 | 2003-05-27 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Detergent compositions |
US6274538B1 (en) * | 1997-11-10 | 2001-08-14 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Detergent compositions |
EP1032644B1 (de) | 1997-11-10 | 2003-03-19 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Verfahren zur herstellung einer waschmitteltablette |
US6399564B1 (en) * | 1997-11-26 | 2002-06-04 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Detergent tablet |
ATE276350T1 (de) * | 1997-11-26 | 2004-10-15 | Procter & Gamble | Verfahren zur herstellung einer waschmitteltablette |
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DE19758178A1 (de) * | 1997-12-30 | 1999-07-01 | Henkel Kgaa | Geschirrspülmittelformkörper mit Chlorbleichmitteln |
DE19758181A1 (de) | 1997-12-30 | 1999-07-01 | Henkel Kgaa | Geschirrspülmittelformkörper mit Soil-Release-Polymeren |
DE19758180A1 (de) | 1997-12-30 | 1999-07-01 | Henkel Kgaa | Geschirrspülmittelformkörper mit Bleichaktivatoren |
DE19822973A1 (de) | 1998-05-25 | 1999-12-02 | Henkel Kgaa | Wasch- und Reinigungsmittelformkörper mit Mulde |
-
1999
- 1999-07-06 EP EP99934578A patent/EP1095130B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-07-06 ES ES99934578T patent/ES2188196T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-07-06 WO PCT/EP1999/004675 patent/WO2000004122A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1999-07-06 AT AT99934578T patent/ATE226979T1/de active
- 1999-07-06 US US09/743,466 patent/US6750193B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See references of WO0004122A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2000004122A1 (de) | 2000-01-27 |
ES2188196T3 (es) | 2003-06-16 |
ATE226979T1 (de) | 2002-11-15 |
US6750193B1 (en) | 2004-06-15 |
EP1095130B1 (de) | 2002-10-30 |
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